The Iron Age 1889-02-07: Vol 43

In the amended document, which is now given to the public, the original agreement of the railroad presidents, known as the agreement of January 1, is taken from the body of the contract and placed at the head, as a prelude or intro- duction. This is followed by the articles of agreement, the first of which defines the objects of the association and the sec- ond the construction of the board of man- agers. Article 3 is amended to read as follows: A rate committee appointed by the board of managers for the freight and passenger mr ay mg) OPEN SIDE departments shall be constituted, whose province it shall be to establish rates, rules and regulations on the traffic subject to this association, and to consider changes therein, and make rules for meeting com- petition with outside lines. Their con- clusion, when unanimous, shall be made effective when they so order; but if they differ, the question at issue shall be re- ferred to the board of managers; and if! they disagree, it shall be arbitrated by the executive board, as hereinafter provided. Notwithstanding the decision of the arbi- trators, the company claiming the right to | make any particular rate may, after such decision, make such rate on ten days’ notice. Article 4, relating to through rates, is also amended. It pro- vides that divisions of through rates shall be arranged through the association, the intention being that bidding for business by means of private concessions shall cease, and that the divisions on cor- responding traffic shall be opened to and 7 pa PLANER, divisions of | | presidents together to consider the matter. | THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1889, alike by all lines; ‘* provided, however, | that when one road has a proprietary in- terest in another, the divisions between such roads shall be what they may elect, and shall not be the property of the asso- ciation.” * * * Article 13 detines territory to be covered by the association as follows: The busi- ness to be covered by this agreement shall be all the State and interstate traffic, both freight and passenger, which is competi- tive between the parties hereto, or any two or more of them, when business has origin or destination in the States of Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Color- ado, Wisconsin and Minnesota, and the a POM UMN cesses SANIT sail iity GSA CF a . : To BUILT BY DETRICK & HARVEY, Territories of Utah, Wyoming, Dakota, New Mexico, Montana and the Indian Territory; except Pacific Coast business, now covered under the present agreement of the Transcontinental Association lines; Texas business, now covered under the present agreement of the International Association lines, and business between south of the Ohio River, both of which | are east of the Mississippi River. The duration of the agreement is to be absolutely 90 days from January 1, 1889, | subject to 30 days’ notice thereafter of the j}amend the same, and in case any such notice shall be given, the chairman of the Executive Board shall forthwith call the | A special article provides that the Wabash becomes a party to this agreement only for that portion of its road from Chicago to East St. Louis and Hannibal, via Tol- ona, Ill. The signatures have not all been made, points north of the Ohio River and points | | desire of any party to withdraw from or | IRON AGE Open Side Planer. The accompanying engravings show an open side planer, fitted with special extra post and bed. This addition, in combi- nation with the advantages peculiar to the open-side machine, presents some very valuable features. The extra post is adjustable to and from the main bed, giving a horizontal travel of tool from 4 to 10 feet, as the piece of work demands. The head on the special post can be brought close up to and used if necessary on work of any width within the range of the 10 feet, the post, as before stated, being adjustable. The OF BALTIMORE, MD. | heads on the beam have automatic feeds |in all directions, and the heads on the main and special posts have automatic ver- tical feed. Where the special post is used, | as shown in the cut, a special rolling table is employed asalsoshown. This post and spec- | ial bed can be removed and the tool used as ‘anopen side planer, with the standard {supplemental rolling table, in the usual |manner. The extra wide travel of tool | | } lacross the table sometimes necessary is | here accomplished without the very wide | platens and beds which go to make up the | planers of the regular style. The beam is | counterbalanced at two points and is raised and lowered by power. The heads on the posts have also each a counterbalance. | The saddles of the heads are in the form of a quadrant, thereby giving to the tool | slide at the top a rigid support and mak- |ing the head stiff and well adapted for | heavy cuts. The feed mechanism is new |and embodies simplicity of construction with great power, the four heads being operated at one time when necessary. I; — geese panne ek “yr, SA: erate, ae a ts ee € 2 a 3 ee a is BB | ME BD Desi. ; ee Y ? id a i. ‘ ee . om ‘ eR cin / —e Shes ne Bist |: Sat ane Dae 6. + . . ELBE led Be Oe tee ani * FP ES Se HOEY SO = = . me? ) t x : = es a eR 190 THE IRON AGE, February 7, 1889 requires power only when feeding. The platen is cored in a novel manner to adapt it for the rapid chucking of work. The holes are made square and taper- ing to use cast plugs for stop pins, and are adapted for the heads of standard machine bolts, not requiring those specially forged and fitted. These holes are so formed that they will not fill up with chips. The machine here shown planes 20 feet long and weighs 40,000 pounds. These planers are manufactured by Detrick & Harvey, of Baltimore, Md. THE. ROBERT PROCESS, > Some very iiaiatiaee claims are be- ing made for the process invented by G. Robert, a French engineer, whose method is experimentally at work at Springfield, Ohio, under the auspices of J. W. Book- walter. With the disappointments of the Clapp-Griffiths process still lingering i in the memory of many in the iron trade, this latest modification of the Bessemer method is received with some skepticism. We have received a number of communi- cations from manufacturing concerns, to whose attention the merits of the new process have been called, asking for more detailed information. The promoters have promised The Iron Age an oppor- tunity to investigate the process at Spring- field, which has, however, been tempo- marks a new departure in both the making of steel and wrought iron, and in the qualities they secure in the various uses to which they can be applied. All this has been proven in the manu- facture of thousands of tons at Stenay, France, during the past two years on con- tracts from the French Government, from various railways and manufacturers in that country. The works are run day ond night, including Sundays. Since May 1 another works has been in operation in days, exhaustively examining into the en- tire subject, he ordered a converter to be sent to his works in Wales; also several tons of the material of various kinds and forms were ordered by him for trial by various manufacturers of differing prod- ucts. The report that Mr. Kennard makes is, that ‘‘the Stenay material leaves nothing to be desired and was highly approved by several makers to whom the bars were sent. The tin plates for stamping purposes ati | i tone Plan. pret] k ‘af a Vane Longitudinal Elevation. OPEN SIDE PLANER, rarily deferred, to allow of the consumma- tion of some matters still pending. From documents in our possession, however, we are enabled to convey some idea of the claims made for the new process, a study of which will be interesting, without any comment on our part. We quote as fol- lows from the paper in question: This process secures great advantages in the cost of plant for producing the metal, in the very superior quality of that metal and in its cheapness. It is wonderfully per- fect for steel castings, for rolling into bars or plates of any thie kness, and the quality of all these is phenomen: il in fluidity when poured, in ductility, in tensile strength, in elongation, in elasticity, in the ability to weld without flux, &c. This process Cross-Sectional Elevation. BUILT BY DETRICK & HARVEY, OF BALTIMORE, MD. Paris and most successfully. The process | made from the Stenay bars were equal to is being secured by other French manu- facturers and some of these have been and will be soon started. It is also in operation in Belgium, and works are being estab- lished in Italy by an Italian company, which has purchased the patent for that country. Lately the patents for Great Britain have been secured by one of the most eminent and distinguished manu- facturers of Bessemer steel in that country, whose works produce about 2000 tons per week. This gentleman, Mr. H. J. Kennard, was president of the International Steel and Iron Association in Europe, and is chairman of the Steel and Iron Association for Great Britain. After visiting Stenay with his manager, and remaining three the best charcoal iron, if not superior.’ His converter has been put in operation in Wales with complete success as to its oper- ation and product. Mr. Kennard remarked | to a gentleman now in this country ‘‘ that never was such magnificent steel made be- fore; that for tubing, tin plates, wire, screws, bolts, &c.—in fact, for everything where perfect quality is required—this is the thing.” A converter has been started in Ohio and it has been operated in the presence of scores of practical men to their complete satisfaction. Samples of the product show wonderfal qualities in physical and chemi- cal tests. Mary applications for licenses have been made, agreements for which have February 7, 1889 been given in only three instances for special purposes or reasons, it not being | fully settled as to the manner in which the | business will be conducted for the entire country, hence delay till a policy is decided upon. . o * | It may be reckoned that using a fair quality of pig metal, for in this system | greater latitude in the quality of the metal employed can be enjoyed over the require- ments of the Bessemer system, the cost of the steel or wrought iron in the ingots or in the molds will be at the present price of pig inside of $20 per ton. The time needed to convert the molten metal into steel of any quality or wrought iron is seven to ten minutes. The cost to mold where castings are to be made may be reckoned on an average at 1} cents per pound of steel used. No annealing is re- quired. The cost to roll ingots into bars may be reckoned at } cent per pound, and to put into plates for horse-nail and such like forms $ cent per pound additional. Also the same to put into rods. The cost to roll ingots into boiler plate, including waste, may be reckoned at 1 cent per pound, Having made these statements on which to base an opinion as to a feasibil- ity of a manufacturing industry being en- tered upon with profit, the following named products and the figures connected therewith will indicate the industries pro- | posed and their practical working out as | commercial transactions. Having in view an admirable works, well fitted in respect | to buildings, power, machinery and appli- | | ances, with abundant space for extension, it is proposed to confine these calculations | to products suited to the existing plant, | and to such a variety, though few, as will, it is expected, insure a continuous demand | for each. Also to asmall volume of busi- ness in each, compared with what can be done as the developments of the business | may progress. Castings.—Product, 20 tons per day, or 6000 tons per year, would heave a net rofit per ton of $50................-$300,000 Horse-Nail Iron—Say product one- third of the estimated amount used, which is 15,000 tons—viz., 5000 tons a net profit of, say, per ton $20...... 100,000 Norway and Swedish Shapes.—The consumption of these is considerably larger than that for horse-nail iron, but reckoning the product the same —viz., 5000 tons per year, giving a net profit of $20 per ton............. 100,000 | Bar Steel and Wrought Iron.—As the rolling capacity of the works in view would easily produce 100 tons per | day, and 33 tons are only reckoned on above, it is quite safe to reckon 50 tons per day for bar metal, or 15,000 tons per year, with, say, a net profit of $5 per ton 75,000 st tore i cleaaeth a weenie aa Pak wanee $575,000 | Deductions.—Less royalty for castings, at $7.50 per ton, SD esxakehasenen ass $45,000 Less royalty for 25,000 tens of ingots at $1 25,000 20,000 Less extras of all kinds, say.. 40,000-———_ Ws aon kcndabcesaehorsedecniian $130,000 $445,000 To enter upon this manufacture would cost, if the works in view are taken, as follows : Real estate, buildings, machinery, &c. $75,000 Net profit per year OWE TO CGE, DEG ris onc cacsecccctens 10,000 | To establish steel plant, say........... 10,000 ee Dy TOR MNO, BBCi n 6s vines sé sevecens 2,500 To pay all extra costs.............006- 7,000 Ms cutuhetscacecs codcadenasnas $105,000 | Accepting that the cash capital pro- vided should be $250,000, there would be remaining in the treasury MT cc Fake veduaiseuted sucaveeees 145,000 | NN Ac ePin sede vbicdacanewcusbaces $250,000 | For outlays before any returns, say, for 52 days, 105 tons per day, 5386 tons pig iron at $20 per ton, say... 107, For coal same period................ 13,000 For labor same period and salaries.. 25,000 MN itke KAriikeere eee rRRKe | adapted. | softness | including the ‘would be $150,000. | premises referred to. |take the place of forgings, with THE IRON AGE. After two months, and undoubtedly be- fore, receipts would begin to come in. In these calculations the figures are confined | to comparatively small products and com- paratively small profits. In the items of castings this could be very largely increased according to the space at command and the molders employed. The profit also could /be very much larger. It will be noted that the price reckoned on is 5 cents per pound, leaving a profit of 24 cents, or $50 per ton. Ordinary malleable iron castings now sell for from 6 cents to 25 cents per pound, and these are most difficult to be obtained. In the items of horse-nail iron and Norway and Swedish shapes, about 2 cents per pound is reckoned on as the cost. The price at which these are now sold is, horse-nail iron 34 cents to 5 cents per — The price of 3 cents is reck- oned on, and it may be suggested that if |a better article can be supplied at the same or slightly less price, a much greater quantity can be sold than one-third of the present estimated consumption, and at a better profit than reckoned on. Norway and Swedish shapes sell for from $60 to $70, and cost a little less than 2 cents, or $40 perton. The demand for these exceeds 15,000 tons per year. They or the mate- rial are wholly imported, | . | steel or wrought iron, the cost would vary according to the size of the bar. So would | the selling price, and this metal being far superior to any bar metal known in com- merce for a very great many purposes, will be preferred at the highest price of such metals, Fairly speaking, $10 per ton should be reckoned on. As to the de- mand, that will be far greater than the amount estimated. There is a product which may be mentioned as the legitimate | outcome of the starting of the works re- ferred to, where there is abundant space, and to which the metal itself is admirably | It is that of boiler plate. The and ductility of this product makes it especially valuable for that pur- pose. The demand is a large one, and the question of quality enters very largely into | the price. There are very common grades which are sold for $50 or $60 per ton, but as by this only superior metal can be pro- | duced with a fair quality of pig metal, it | could be safely reckoned that from $75 to $100 could be easily commanded. would cost, reckoning largely for waste in the squaring and cutting of plates, about $45 per ton. An outlay for a first-class plate mill, steel plant, it is estimated, This would produce 100 tons per day of 24 hours; but, reckon- ing on 50 tons per day, and a margin of | $20 per ton, there would be an income from this source of $300,000 per year. There is ample room for such a mill on the This branch of the manufacture could wait for the experi- ence to be gained in the smaller branches which it is proposed to enter upon, or till the earnings supplied the needed capital for this enlargement. In commencing this industry it is proper to remark that the tendency in mechani- cal work is to substitute, where it is pos- sible, steel for iron, to secure by its use far greater strength and safety, to lessen the weight of railway carriages, vehicles | of every kind, and of machines in general. All these are accomplished by the employ- ment of this metal, and, in addition, for very many purposes, castings can now their diminished cost. The process does away with the pud- dling furnace, with its severe labor, its ex- pensive repairs, and the delay of several hours to produce wrought iron, and accom- plishes the making of a better product in from seven to ten minutes, It will annihilate the annealing furnace, with its eight to fifteen days’ loss of time, As to the bar | This | 191 | for the machine which is to finish them the |moment they are cold. These are some of the results of the | utilization of air in the purification of iron, | which was the splendid invention of Bes- |semer, but, unlike Bessemer, Roberts has found the way with about one-tenth of | the air-pressure, and differently applied, to produce a metal which, in purity and fluidity, when poured, has never been approached commercially, and which, in strength and ductility, is phenomenal. == Railroad Rates and Trade Centers. In deciding a recent case of alleged dis- | crimination on coal traffic in Illinois, In- terstate Commerce Commissioner Walker makes the following remarks on discrep- ancies between rates to trade centers and through them to points beyond: ‘‘ Various considerations have heretofore entered into the making of through rates between rail- roads; when such rates involve a reduc- tion from the sum obtained by adding together the local charges, carriers have not been inclined to make such contracts unless business reasons exist why the higher rate cannot be maintained. An- | other feature of the situation, which may | properly be alluded to in this connection, is this: Upon other commodities Chicago merchants have been and are exceedingly jealous of through rates less than the added locals upon traffic between points east and west of that city, being apprehensive that any change in the existing system which shall encourage the movement of traffic through or around that city, with- out stopping there for redistribution, will work to their serious injury. Chicago traders would regard the general estab- lishment of such through rates as are here claimed as a commercial calamity; yet, if conceded by the roads to Eastern coal, similar proportionate divisions might pos- sibly be claimed upon eastern shipments |of dry goods, groceries and other com- modities. Such through rates were com- /'mon upon long-distance traffic in many | parts of the country before the passage | of the act to regulate commerce, and the |commission has held, in the Danville and | Omaho cases, that the law did not make 'them illegal; but it is for the interest of | Chicago as a distributing point that | their adoption upon traffic passing through | that city should not be pressed. And the /roads themselves havé been more than | willing to preserve the system of generally ‘routing freight to Chicago, and thence |again forward to its destination in both directions, practically making a break in | the billing at the line of Chicago and the junction points in its vicinity; this system enables the lines each side of the division to escape from rate wars and other com- plications which from time to time arise among the roads on either side of Chicago; and it also makes it possible for the lines 'on both sides of that city to secure better revenues from the business which they | respectively handle.” ec Mr. J. H. Bartlett, of Montreal, well known in connection with the Canadian iron trade, has been at Pictou (N. 8.) in the interest of the Pictou Coal and Iron Company, of Montreal, and has obtained from the County Council a cash subsidy of $20,000, as well as remission of all taxes for 20 years. Mr. Bartlett has made a con- tract with R. G. Reid, of Montreal, for the construction of a branch railway, 10 miles | long, leading to the iron mines, and the Dominion Government have arranged to operate the branch as a part of the Inter- colonial and provide all the rolling stock. It is estimated that iron ore can be easily and cheaply mined from the Pictou Coal and Iron Company’s mines, which are only 7 $145,000 | for castings made of this metal are ready! miles from the Pictou coal mines and 10 192 THE IRON AGE. February 7, 1889 miles from Atlantic tidewater. The loca- rocking spindle having bearings in the| required to raise it decreases, until the ends of the shells. Motion is communi-| full opening is reached. The valve shells cated from the spindle to the valve by a| being simply driven into place in the cyl- toggle joint, which is clearly shown in| inder, have no joints to pack, and, fur- Fig. Upon the outer ends of the! thermore, they can be instantly removed spindles are keyed cranks driven direct| by simply driving them out. A duplicate from the eccentric in case of the exhaust-| set of valves may, if considered necessary, valves, the admission valves being oper-| be kept on hand to be used at a moment’s ated from the others by latch links, which notice if required. This vatve insures tion of the blast furnaces has not yet been definitely settled. I of the Wheelock Engine. ” o. Valves The valve used in the Wheelock is a multi-ported slide working on a flat seat formed within a skeleton plug or shell, Section. ‘small clearance and large port areas with correspondingly large pipes and directness of steam passages. It is claimed that this system will admit of a port area one-fifth of the piston area, and yet have less clear- / ance, less valve travel and friction, and an | easier running-valve system than any other, |The toggle movement permits proper timing of the movement without extra travel and lap, and gives the shortest pos- sible travel. It also gives the power of the toggle, as before stated. The engines fitted with these valves are built by the Wheelock Engine Company, of Worcester, Mass, Perspective. Fig. 3.- a ——— The Dominion Canals.—Statistics of traffic on the Dominion canals during the year 1888, as prepared by the Minister of | Inland Revenue, show a slight decline in | the volume of business as compared with the previous year. The total freight trans- ported was 2,452,063 tons, against 2,470, - 744 tons in 1887, and vessel tonnage 3,433,242 tons, against 3,461,330 tons. Of the total tonnage passing through the Dominion canals during the year 2,823,202 tons was of Canadian and 610,040 tons, or 17.7 per cent., was of American register. Of the total tonnage passing through the Welland Canal American registered vessels represented 39.3 per cent. The total freight tonnage moved on the Welland Canal last vear was 809,291 tons, of which 16 tons was farm stock, 119,354 tons the products of the forest, 24,423 tons of manufactured goods, 245,686 tons of merchandise, and 419,812 tons vegetable food and other agricultural products. Freight tonnages over the St. Lawrence canals amounted to 570,323 tons, of which 1091 tons was farm stock, 151,194 tons forest products, 64,825 tons manufactures, 219,760 tons merchan- dise, and 133,453 tons of vegetable food and agricultural products. Ee ; A Stockholm correspondent of the Vossiche Zeitung states that a meeting has Fig. 4.—Sieam Chest, BY THE WHEELOCK MASS. VALVES OF THE WHEELOCK ENGINE CoO., ENGINE, BUILT OF WORCESTER, through which are cored passages forming the ports, as shown in the sections of Figs. 1 and 2 and in the perspective, Fig. The valve and operating parts are mounted upon this shell. The shell is turned slightly tapering to fit corresponding holes in the steam-chest (Five. 4), and is ground toa steam-tight fit, so that when lightly driven into place it will be securely held | without the need of other means of fasten- | ing than that afforded by the tapered | driven fit. The valve is operated from a alternately hook on and the action of a curved finger engaging with trip cams adjusted by the governor, thus accomplishing cut-off in an obvious manner, Several advantages are apparent from this method of operating the valve. At the first part of the throw of the valve, when it is heated by the full steam press- ure, the movement is comparatively slow, and the maximum power of the toggle joint is brought into play. As the valve moves its speed. increases, and the power let go through | recently been held at Oerebro, at which there were present representatives of most of the iron works of Central Sweden, representing collectively a production of about 200,000 tons annually. After a |short discussion it was agreed to form a syndicate for the regulation of the prices of iron, and another meeting will be held at which to arrange the details. In the meantime efforts are being made to in- clude in the agreement those works which were not represented at the first meeting. February 7, 1889 THE IRON AGE. | claimed that the crop ends were dutiable at 20 per cent. as ‘‘unwrought metal.” The Miller Duplex Pump. cs court below gave judgment for | In this pump the piston rods are made in two parts and connected at the cross- heads, thereby permitting the removal of either the steam piston or the water- plunger without in any way interfering with the other parts. The piston rods on the steam end are of cold rolled steel, while those on the water end are of non-corros- ive composition metal; the cylinders on the water end are also of composition metal. The crossheads which drive the levers can be quickly removed if neces- sary. The bearings of the latter are chilled and case-hardened, and all wear can be | taken up centrally while the pump is run- ning. As the position of the levers is not changed by adjusting, the stroke always | remains the same. The cylinders on the water end can be quickly removed and re- placed, thus facilitating repairs and re- ducing the cost of the same. By a con- venient arrangement, the packing in the water cylinder can be adjusted to wear, or the plunger repacked without trouble. The valves on the water end can be easily and quickly removed when found desir- able while the pump is in motion, as can also the valve seats without disturbing the other parts. These pumps are particularly designed for boiler feeding, brewing, min- ing and fire purposes. They are manu- factured by the Canton Steam Pump Com- pany, of Canton, Ohio. the importer on the ground that the crop ends were a mere excess of material SEPARABLE WOOD PULLEY, MADE me a -_ 193 Separable Wood Pulley. In these pulleys the rim is built up of a series of rings of wood. The line of separation is between the arms, and the BY THE TAPER SLEEVE PULLEY WORKS, OF ERIE, PA. The Duty on Crop Ends.—The Su- preme Court of the United States has de- livered an opinion in the case of William ieft over after the making of steel rails, H. Robertson, Collector of the Port of | and that as they were not tit for use in their New York, plaintiff in error, against the | present form they were properly dutiable | executors of Charles L. Perkins, in| as ‘‘unwrought metal.” This court re- error to the Circuit MILLER DUPLEX PUMP, BUILT BY THE CANTON STEAM PUMP CO., CANTON, OHIO. Southern District of New York. This isa} ofthe Collector. In an opinion by Judge customs suit brought to determine the rate | Blatchford the court holds that Bessemer of duty on crop end of Bessemer steel rails. | steel rail crop ends are none the less steel The collector assessed a duty of 45 per| because they are an excess of material and cent. on the importation under the tariff | not fit foruse without being remelted or re- provision for steel not specifically enumer- | heated, and that, therefore, they are dutia- ated or provided for. The importer’ ble as ‘steel not especially enumerated.” Court for the) verses that decision and sustains the action | center of the pulley is at the middle of | this line, at which point a square orifice is made by the mortising of two blocks in jeach arm. Into this orifice are fitted the bushings, the form of which is clearly shown in the lower part of the engraving. | Each bushing consists of two parts, each |of which has a semi-circular groove cut |into it, so that when the two parts are adjusted in place between the arms of the pulley a circular hole will be formed to receive the line shaft. By setting down on the bolts the arms are brought to- gether, the bushings are forced against the shaft and the pulley held fast. By |loosening the bolts the pulleys may be moved along the shaft and secured at any point. By reversing the half-bushings— face for face—the pulley may be fitted to a shaft of different diameter, and by ordering bushings to suit the pulley may be fitted to any desired size of shaft. | These pulleys are made by the Taper | Sleeve Pulley Works, of Erie, Pa., with two or four arms (the latter in sizes above 48 inches) or with solid webs. I Pickands, Brown & Co., 117 Dearborn street, Chicago, are distributing a dainty little pamphlet calling attention to the ‘* progress made in producing in the United States a pig iron in every respect equal to the imported Scotch.” In confirmation of the statement just quoted, they give comparative analyses, as follows, of some well-known brands of imported Scotch, and the No. 1 Dexter sold by them and made by the Ohio Iron and Steel Com- pany: Colt- Glengar- No. 1 ness. nock. Dexter. Metallic iron......... 90,26 90.70 91.52 as cneoe ax eos ee 2.83 3.12 Manganese........... 1.77 2.13 1.41 Graphitic carbon .... 3.27 2.69 3.34 Combined carbon... .. 0.60 0.85 0.08 Phosphorus.......... 0.44 0.54 0.46 WM ie cide ectcccus 0.04 0.04 0.02 The Queen and Crescent route announces a reduction of 15 cents on pig iron rates, as effective since December 1 in accord- ance with Tariff No. 10. » } a hy BB id))) ' 4 * 0c 288 es Sa = Ta ie oe - - 2 -~ ia wo pitcm ee sl aeaillarces Ceili, a 3 - » : } ; —————— 194 THE IRON AGE, February 7, 1889 Collieries and Iron Mines Between Chatta- nooga and Birmingham. / Passing Chattanooga the first iron ore that is to be found is in thin runs near Wauhatchie, and for a considerable dis- tance it isnot workable. At Rising Fawn the ore is worked for use in the furnaces. There it is poor in iron and rich in lime. It is mixed with brown hematite and makes | an excellent iron, After aseries of years of bad management and failures, this fur- nace, under Mr. Collier, has been made one of the most successful and profitable in the South. Itis about one mile from the main line and connected with it by a stand- ard gauge railroad. The stack is 63 feet high with 16-foot bosh, and is equipped with 5 Whitwell fire-brick stoves. The | coke used is brought from Dade mines on the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railroad. Mines were opened on the com- pany’s land many years ago, but the coal was too full of slate to make a coke at all fit for use. From Rising Fawn to Attala no large mining operations are now carried on. At several poinis the coal in Lookout Mount- ain has been opened, but after a few months of work abandoned, It is contended by many that there is good coal in this mount- ain and it is at least possible that such may be the case. One thing is certain, that no properly organized company with ample | capital has ever explored or operated in this field. Near Gadsden a small seam of good coal is worked for local use. Near Reese’s Station, on the railway, the Etowat Mining Company have opened the iron ore and have just commenced ship- ping. The company own 3} miles on the vein and have a contract with the new Collier Furnace at Attala to supply 100,- 000 tons of ore. The Rome and Decatur Railroad, which is not likely to go beyond Attala for many years, will eventually be a great thorough- fare for the transportation of iron ore, and a valuable feeder to the Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway. On its line is the famous Dirtseller Mountain, the ore of which is said to be of quality superior to any red fossil ore in the South. Gadsden, six miles from the line of rail- way, is a thriving place. It has now two iron furnaces, with good prospect of a third. One is run with charcoal and owned by Cranford & Sons, of New Castle, Pa. The wood is chiefly brought to the furnace, and the charcoal made there in kilns. It will eventually be turned into a coke furnace. The Gadsden and Alabama Furnace Company have only lately commenced op- erations, with Ellis Collier as the directing head and John Dowling as furnaceman, The furnace is calculated for 100 tons per day, and has Whitwell fire-brick stoves. The ore used is obtained from Attala and in the immediate neighborhood, and coke from Pratt Mines, at Birmingham. The Attala Steel and Iron Company is the title of an operation commenced about one mile from Attala Station, at which | 1 ¢ coal demands that a cheap and convenient | the line of the C., N. O. and T. P. Railway, The low-priced ores | just place a stack 50 feet high, with 12-foot bosh, has been erected. is expected that all will be ready to go in blast April 1, 1889. As a feeder to the Cincinnati, New Or- leans and Texas Pacific Railroad, likely to forward much freight and also give access to an important region of country, the lately completed railroad called Anniston and Cincinnati, from Anniston to Attala, is a connection of great possible value to the Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific, and its managers will not be slow to ap- preciate the advantages thus offered them. Connecting with this railway to Attala, its other terminus at present, is the thriving It is intended, at | least for a time, to use charcoal as fuel. It | city of Anniston, where there are now four iron furnaces and many other manu- facturing establishments. It is proposed |to extend it to Montgomery, and thus the | Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific will reach that field of traffic. The great mining operations around At- tala and Gadsden are conducted by Messrs. Stewart & Hammonds, who operate two mines near Attala and one or more in the iron ridge northeast of Gadsden. At their No. 1 mine, near Attala, they work 100 | miners and 25 outside men, and the aver- age product is 200 tons per day. They have control of a length of 4 miles on the ore vein, which is from 2 to 4 feet thick. The ore is here in hills, the long, flat top | of which averages 400 feet above water level; the lowest place they are working is 200 feet above water level. An incline drops the ore cars to a branch line, which reaches the main line of railway in 450 yards, The ore dips at an angle of 28°. The product could be doubled if cars could be had. No. 2 mine is 14 miles from the main line in a similar hill, the thickness of the vein being the same; the number of miners and outside hands about 65, the product 100 tons per day. The ore is sent from both mines to Dayton, Chattanooga, Ris- ing Fawn and Gadsden. Stewart & Christopher also mine in the ridge at the southeastern foot of Lookout Mountain. They employ here about 100 miners, and get out 200 tons of ore per day, which is sent to the Gadsden furnaces, A standard gauge track runs imme- diately at the foot of the mountain, and the ore is dumped directly into the wide gauge cars from the mine mouth. They have a lease of 4 miles of this ore. The dip is vertical at the top, but begins to flatten slightly at a depth of 150 feet. The Rome and Decatur road skirts the foot of this ridge for 20 miles. It is seen from these statements that the amount of ore in the vicinity of Gadsden and Attala is large. It is probable that Stewart & Co, have taken from their mines 600,000 tons of ore, and, as is stated, they are still 200 feet above water level. The supply is not confined to that at Attala, Gadsden and up the Rome and Decatur Railroad. The ore mentioned is all in what is called Big Mills Valley. Parallel to this is Little Mills Valley, and in it is also a long line of ore, and it is only 4 miles dis- tant from the railway line. Further, the Attala ore dips to the southeast; that at the eastern foot of Lookout Mountain dips to the northwest, and there is every reason to infer that the two seams are one, form- ing a basin of ore under Lookout Mount- ain and the Big Mills Valley. This should be demonstrated by a boring with a dia- mond drill The great need of this Attala and Gads- den region is a conveniently accessible coking coal. The writer is satisfied that such exists in Sand Mountain, 10 miles west of Attala, on the surveyed line of the Rome and Decatur road, but whether it will ever be made accessible by that line is doubt- ful. The large amount of iron ore around these two places and on the line to that fuel be obtained. At Trussville a furnace has been erected about 4 mile from the railway line. It uses ore from Murphrees Valley and coke made from coal from the Little Warrior field. The Little Warrior coal field alluded to is an area of country which has not re- ceived the attention it deserves. It con- tains a number of valuable coal seams, among them one which will make good coke. It is accessible to the C., N. O. and T. P. above and near Springville. This coal field is on the west of the rail- way, on the east from near Springville by Trussville to Red Mountain Gap ; the Cahaba coal field is within a few miles of the rail- way line on the east side. There are sev- eral streams down which branch roads could be built reaching into it, especially down Little Cahaba from Trussville, where good coal can be reached in 3 miles’ dis- tance. In Red Mountain, from 1 to 2 miles off the railway line, are several mines, which belong to and are operated by furnace companies in Birmingham. A consider- able traffic is done in shipping sand, from the decomposed white sandstone in Red Mountain, to the furnaces in Birmingham. Large quantities of limestone are also shipped from quarries near Trussville. Birmingham, the great center of the coke-made pig iron of Alabama, was di- rectly created by the avarice of certain landowners in Elyton, when the Alabama Great Southern was built. The depot of | that road was located in the old sedge- field, which is now the site of elegant residences and of large business houses, because Elyton people asked an _ exor- bitant price for their land. The depot located, the South and North Railroad came to the same place, and from that time Elyton was doomed and Birmingham was to be. In 186% the writer slept on the site of the magnificent Union Depot in a rough board shanty 10x12 in size. It was then the only house for miles around. Noone can now visit the place without wonder- ing at its rapid and substantial growth. In and around Birmingham, in what might be called the Birmingham district, are mines, manufactories and public insti- tutions which employ 22,011 persons and pay cout $834,241 monthly as wages. Im- mediately in the city are eight iron fur- naces, and in the region classified as the district are 12 more and three more pro- jected. In 1870 the total coal mined in the State was stated at 11,000 tons, and it is probably an over-estimate. A very small part of it was mined around the present site of Birmingham. For the year 1888 this amount has undoubtedly risen to fully 2,225,000 tons. And the combined product of pig iron from all the furnaces now running in the Birmingham district is very near or quite 1600 tons per day. The largest mining and iron-manufac- turing operation in and around Birming- ham is that of the Tennessee voal, Iron and Railway Company. This company own the Pratt Mines, the Ensley City Furnaces, the Alice Furnaces, and large areas of coal and iron land. The Alice furnaces are immediately on on the edge of the city of Bir- cannot last forever, and going to Birming- | mingham. The combined average product ham for Pratt Mines coke, with equally as|of these two furnaces is about 180 tons sible. |good or better so near, is an absurdity | per day. | which should be remedied as soon as pos. | Attala and Gadsden will never be Birmingham, and in fact in the South, is The largest furnace operation around what they should be until they have ac-|the Ensley furnace plant, owned by the cessible and cheap coke of their own. | The great lead of iron ore continues | pany. Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railway Com- These furnaces are about 17 miles parallel with the railway from Attala to | from Birmingham, on a branch of the C., Springville, but is not now worked at any point. Hugh Carlisle formerly carried on large operations near Springville, but while the ore is abundant, of good quality and with system can be cheaply mined, yet no work is now done there. N.O. and T. P. Railway. The plant is de- signed for four stacks, each 80 feet high by 20 feet bosh, but only three of them are firished. The three which are in full working order make an average of 125 tons of iron per day, using five-eighths Reel: A pa a | HS : ect . prenaere iy Se oer * ere Se 7s om e A, Saar : : ened °¢ ‘ Sa ee = SS : , Me Soe eee Oy) (LMG BET MER UIT z ie Ee 7 a ar 1a Peto CSR Se SR OE mee EC ETA UT EA 3 MG al ri: 1889. ON SIDE BEFORE COOLING. = saat THE IRON AGE, FEBRUARY FRACTURES OF STEEL RAIL INGOTS THROWN COOLING, BEFORE SIDE ON 7, 1889. THROWN S ~ ~ = < - 4 = = | = = Pe < z = = w = EL RAIL INGOT _ 4 STE OF . os FRACTURI wine eam ea ear February 7, 1889 THE IRON AGE. 195 hard ore and three-eighths soft. The average analyses are: Hard ore. Softore. Metallic iron... . ... 38.78 48,87 Mw ciserckbvaussions 11.60 21.48 Carbonate of lime..... 29.29 a The furnaces are equipped with 12 Weimer blast engines, with air cylinders 84 inches diameter by 54 inches stroke, and the steam is furnished by 64 boilers, 34 feet long by 48 inches diameter, with two flues. The stock house is 700 feet long by 100 feet wide, in which are two lines of trestles. The cast houses are 175 x 60. Each stack has four Gordon fire-brick stoves, 65 feet high by 21 feet diameter, and the air is heated to 1500°. Ground was broken for the foundation of these furnaces November 12, 1886, and the first one was blown in and made first cast April 10, 1888. The second was blown in June 4, 1888. Ores from Red Mountain are used solely. The coke is from Pratt Mines. About 600 hands are employed about the furnaces, and the whole construction and operation has been, to 225 tons perday. It is an excellently lo- cated plant. The Morris and other mines in Red Mountain are on the east side of the rail- way and are connected with it by branch roads. The Morris Mining Company is the largest iron mining operation in the South, their daily shipments averaging about 1200 tons, about half of which goes over theC., N. O. and T. P. Railway. There are four slopes and drifts and considerable surface stripping is still done. About 400 men are employed at all the works. The iron is full 21 feet thick and dips to the South- west at an angle of about 28°. The surface or outcrop ore is stripped of the overlying slates and shales to a depth of about 18 to 20 feet; from thence slopes have been driven down. On these outcrop strippings all the ore is taken out and it is gotten at a very low cost, while in the slopes seldom over one-third can be taken out from the impossibility of holding up the roof. At No. 1 mine an air compressor has been erected and drives a number of drills. A wide-gauage road connects to JOURNAL BOX LUBRICATOR, MADE BY THE INDUSTRIAL MACHINE TOOL WORKS, C and is, under the superintendence of Mr. Harry Hargraves, a well-known furnace manager. The Pratt Mines, near by the furnaces, now have an output of 3600 tons per day, which is shipped off, in addition to which there is 600 to 700 tons of slack which is made into coke at the mines; 1000 convicts and from 1600 to 1700 free men are em- ployed, There are 1000 coke ovens and more are being built. Coal is furnished to the Sloss and Alice furnaces, which make their own coke, and coke is furnished to | the Mary Pratt Furnace, and to the coke furnace at Gadsden. On the branch of the C., N. O. and T. P. Railway going to Ensley is the Thomas | Furnace, called the Pioneer Coal and Iron Company. The stack is 75 feet high with | 17-foot bosh and averages 100 tons per day | of pig iron. The houses for hands erected | by this company are of brick and present a | very neat and substantial appearance. This furnace uses one-half Red Mountain red fossil ore and one-half Green Pond brown | hematite, and coke from Blocktown mines, | The Woodward Furnaces are 10 miles | below Birmingham on a branch of the C., N. O. and T. P. Railway, about 14 miles from the main line. There are about 300 men employed by this company around their furnaces, coal mines and coke ovens, and the pig iron product ranges from 200 | about 200 men are employed. INCINNATI, OHIO. Hillman Station on the C., N. O. and T. P. Railway. J. R. & C. J. Smith operate a mine on ‘land belonging to the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, the product of which all goes to the Ensley furnaces. The Woodward Iron Company also op- erate mines for their furnaces, employing about 130 men and getting out about 500 tons per day. The Sloss Iron and Steel Company also get out ore for their fur- naces from ore land which they own. Their output is about 600 tons per day, and A few months ago Bessemer was in the | woods; now there are large business houses, two large iron furnaces and three more projected, a fire-brick works and a rolling mill. It may be said to be a crea- tion of the magic hand of H. F. De Barde- leben. The furnaces are located near the railroad. The plant consists of two stacks, 75 by 17, equipped with three Whitwell stoves. The coke is made in ovens at the furnace from coal mined at the Blue Creek Mines, which are in a detached part of the Marion coal field called the Little Basin. Tlie coal is of excellent quality, The Cahaba Coal and Coke Company’s mines at Blocton, nine miles from Wood- stock Station, on the main line of the C., N. O. and T. P. Railway, is the second largest coal mining operation in Alabama, and bids fair to come up to or even exceed the output of the Pratt Mines, These mines are connected to the main line by a wide gauge track, well constructed and laid with heavy steel rails. The mines are operated in two different coal seams, in which there are six slopes. No. 1, the lower seam, makes the best coke, and good steam or domestic coal is taken from No. 2 seam. About 1000 hands arezem- ployed by the company. Over 300 coke ovens are now used, and more will be erected, as the two coke furnaces at An- niston are to be supplied from these mines. The coke shipments now average 200 tons per day, and the coal over 2000 tons. Of the latter, 300 tons per day go to the Southern Pacific Railroad in Texas, and the coal for making coke is also supplied to the Thomas Furnace Company. The whole operation is under the management of Col. C. Cadle. The capital invested is almost entirely Northern. At Woodstock Station is the stack of the Edwards Iron Company, now out of blast. It will be remodeled and modern- ized. About 2 miles distant a considerable operation is carried on in mining brown hematite iron ore, which is shipped to the furnace at Bessemer. There is a valuable area of coal land south of Woodstock which was once oper- ated extensively, but was abandoned, The seam to be worked was not judiciously se- lected. This area centers at Dudley Sta- tion, and it contains some very valuable seams of coal. The iron ore is in this region found some distance to the east of the line of railway. This completes the industrial develop- ment and mining operations now existing on the line of the Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway. Within the limits which have been traversed from the Cumberland River to the Tombigbee are many opportunities fer investments which will yield a good profit from rise in value, and also many localities where operations in mining and manufacturing can be con- ducted with a return for labor and capital expended. ee Journal Box Lubricator. A new form of self-oilitg journal box is being introduced by Mr. Walter L. Haldy, proprietor of the Industrial Machine Tool Works, Cincinnati, Ohio. In the lower part of the box are placed the plungers C which move in the cylinders L and are held against the shaft by coiled springs. The wheels D revolve with the shaft, in the en- graving the right-hand one being in action while the other is idle. The wheels, when revolving, carry the oil from the reservoir to the shaft. In the cut F represents grooves in the upper and lower boxes pro- vided to convey the suplus oil back to the tank after it has been used. In the upper cap are grooves G by means ot which the oil is distributed. The patentee of this device states that this box will lubricate perfectly with any kind of oil or grease, using the same over and over. In places where the oil is apt to become stiff or frozen, the turning wheels will, after a few revolutions, carry the oil with them. —_—_—_————EESESEE The National District Assembly of Ma- chinery Constructors, Molders, Pattern- makers and Boiler-makers has decided to withdraw from the Knights of Labor. The assembly had 20,000 members 18 months but the vein pitches steeply. Five slopes have been opened, and while the present output is only 700 tons per day, it is