The Iron Age 1888-06-21: Vol 42

HE THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 1888, The Stiles Toggle-Joint Drawing Press. The Stiles & Parker Press Company, of Middletown, Conn., and New York, are putting on the market a series of toggle- joint presses of entirely new design, em- | bodying the results of experiments which | have extended over a number of years. | The object of these ex- periments was to discover a good working mechanism, which, while imparting the same kind of move- ment to the blank-holder slide which is now used in connection with cam- drawing presses wou.d, on the other hand, obviate the many serious defects which are unavoidable where the blank-holding is effected by the direct action of cams. The pressure required. for holding even a medium- sized blank amounts to a good many tons. In cam presses as hitherto made this heavy pressure falls on the cams and their faces while they are rapidly re- volving in contact with the rollers beneath them, and on the slender pins on which these rollers are supported. The cam and roller surfaces thus mov- ing under exceedingly heavy pressure soon lose their accuracy and smooth- ness, when, instead of holding the blank with absolute uniformity, which is the most essential re- quirement in drawing sheet metal, they put a con- stantly varying pressure on the blank. The conse- quence is that frequently metal of greater thickness than would be desirable has to be used in order to make it stand under the uneven strain of the blank- holding parts, or where it is impracticable to use thicker metal a greater number of operations have AN to be resorted to for finish- ia ing the article. This de- fect of cam presses is espe- cially noticeable in work- ing the thinner metals, in which case the slightest variation and lack of uni- formity in blank-holding will often result in break- ing the metal. Howsmall & margin there is for variation may be seen in the case of sheet metal of, say, No. 31 gauge, which is the most common thick- ness (IC tin). It is only necessary for a wear of ;}%, inch to take place to equal the whole thickness of the sheet to be drawn. There is, however, another important defect in ‘‘cam” presses for which press- makers have long been seeking a remedy. After the blank-holder motion has come to a standstill, holding the sheet with re- quisite tightness, the plunger action be- gins its work. The consequence is that at this moment an additional pressure is sud- denly thrown on the shaft, a slight spring- ing of the shaft results, and the blank- holder cams, being on the shaft, slightly STILES NEW TOGGLE- JOINT release their hold on the sheet. This is the cause and origin of the ‘‘ top wrinkles” which can be found in almost every deep drawn article produced in cam presses, and which for various reasons it is very desirable to avoid. The Stiles toggle press is claimed to entirely obviate this tendency of the blank-holder to release its hold when the punch action sets in on its work. HA ‘a -- — _ PHU UU AN AaEnEN HUA ay Avene yy THAT HG | Furthermore, the parts on which the blank- | holding pressure falls in this press do not include any cam faces, rollers or slender pins. These parts are ata standstill in- stead of moving while the working press- uic is on them, and are so arranged that even what little wear may result in time will not interfere with the accuracy and uniformity of the blank-holding. In con- sequence of this the blank holder parts, it is claimed, will be just as accurate and serviceable after years of use as they were when the press was new. Any one having had practical experience in frunning cam drawing presses will appreciate the value of a mechanism which does away with the trueing up of cam and roller faces and the keeping in order of the slender roller pins Cc IRON AGE on which the whole blank-holder pressure rests. Instead of throwing this pressure against the revolving main shaft, as in cam presses, where it results in grinding friction on the journals, excessive wear and useless consumption of power, all the blank-holding strain, in these new presses, falls on large stationary studs, which de- pend for stiffness and solidity on the main frame only. There is no movement of parts during the *‘ dwell ” of the blank- holder, consequently no wear or friction due to the blank-holding _ pressure. All these advantages are brought about by the sub- stitution of a peculiarly constructed toggle mecha- nism in the place of cams. Two large toggles rest- ing with their lower ends on the center line of the slide are hinged with their upper links on two large stationary studs vertically beneath the main crank shaft. This crank shaft actuates the inner’ or plunger slide, which by its movement straightens the toggles, leaving them at a standstill during the ‘‘dwell” of the blank holder slide. In _ this manner a uniform press- ure is put on the blank during the whole opera- tion of drawing, entirely free from the jerks and variations of pressure due to the worn and uneven surfaces on cams and frictions rollers. It will be noticed that in these presses the blank-holder pressure is sustained by the frame, instead of fall- ing on a revolving sbaft and its journals. The whole mechanism being at a standstill while the blank- holder pressure is being exerted the wear is reduced toa minimum. Whatever may be the spring of the shaft in consequence of the plunger action starting in on its work, i: cannot influence the accuracy of theblank-holding. Better and smoother work with less loss from breakage, DRAWING PRESS, BUILT BY THE less friction, wear and & PARKER PRESS CO., MIDDLETOWN, CONN. consumption of power, can thus be produced. Anoth- er important feature in these presses is the ease and accuracy with whichthe blank-holder rings can be adjusted so as to bear evenly all around the blank, without packing the dies. For this purpose the blank-holder plate proper E is sup- ported by three or four large screws which can be adjusted separately without any tendency of cramping the movement of the slide in its bearings. The conical split nuts C adjust themselves to any angularity in the position of the screws which may become necessary in order to produce an even pressure all around. The punch is easily adjusted by means of a large screw in the inner slide which is prevented from getting loose or turning out of place by a novel device, dispensing entirely with jam-nuts. The presses are made in 14 eS iF Pree, tea Ps) ee cee Za 7 oe -* 1 & - fm Pad DS See! he wea ‘ 2 y 5 PE Ne tae 8 ORM <i Ber * oo ¥ STRAT tae we ae ae EB! OME TE ALT at THES OE Ee t , Bhd aa 4 ; : 4 1h. ie ave a &f : bog Lee F 6 hel > £ ‘ y _ CIRM Tie EES 6 ATK 998 THE IRON AGE. June 21, 1888, sizes ranging in weight from 1000 pounds to 60,000 pounds, the smaller sizes as fly wheel presses, the larger ones geared either with the Stiles positive stop motion or with an improved friction clutch, con- trolled and operated by the foot in connection with a friction brake, so that the motion can be stopped, held and started at any point of the stroke. It will also be noticed that no weights, springs or separate cams are required for lifting the blank-holder slide, the lifting being done by the same toggles which cause the down- ward motior of the slide. This makes all the movements positive and materially simplifies the construction. The action of the toggle links is directly controlled by the inner slide without intervening cams, rock shafts, bell cranks or connecting links. This not only precludes the possi- bility of the inner and outer slides even getting out of alignment or proper ciming but also reduces the mechanism down to the fewest possible parts. The Stiles & Parker Press Company direct special attention to the fact that these presses ougl* not to be confounded in their actior with other drawing presses of this class also constructed on the toggle principle but with the links so arranged that at no point of the ‘‘dwell” is there an absolutely stationary pressure or stand- still of the crank-holding parts. Presses of that kind do not, in that respect at least, represent any advance over the old cam presses, — LL The Chemistry of Foundry [rons. BY CARL A, MEISSNER, STERLING FURNACE, STERLINGTON, N. Y. Loss of Manganese, &c., in Melting and Remeiting. In figuring on manganese in the mixture I have found that in the blast furnace the loss is about 15 per cent. where the iron runs up to 1.50 per cent. When 2.00 per cent. manganese and over is desired a loss of about 20 per cent. should be figured on. These figures will give very close results, as my experience has shown me. The fol- lowing list was made up from actual figures of loss of manganese from-ore mixture to pig iron. Manganese in Pig Iron. I.—Theoretical per cent. figured from ore mixture not counting on loss, II.—Actual per cent. found in pig iron. i II. L. II. 1.00 0.9000 3.00 2.60 1.50 1.30 8.50 2.80 1.80 1.60 4.00 8.00 210 1.70 4.50 3.50 2.70 2.20 As to the losses in the cupola in remelt- ing Professor Ledebur states them very minutely. Some experiments made at a Increasing the Wield of No, 1. The question of how to make more No. 1 iron is a very important one; at the same time a very vexed one, for generally there have not been any but the roughest rules laid down to effect this. It is very im- Fig. 1. Yj hh. portant, as each additional ton of No. 1 means an addition to the selling price of iron, and vexed from the knowledge that while very frequently all indications point to the cast being No. 1, yet only a part of it—and that often distributed irregularly throughout the cast—will be so. The a b Yj yy Fig. 2. question, therefore, arises, What causes this irregularity, and is it preventable after the iron has left the furnace? The first question may be answered in various ways, the second one by an affirmative, to a large extent—i. ¢., providing the furnace itself is running regularly and sufficiently hot. This, of course, is a primary con- Fig. 3. dition; the burden should not be too heavy, a sufficiency of lime and fuel must be present and the furnace be just at the right heat. If too hot the iron will be close, light colored, caused probably by an excess of silicon, which metal is more easily reduced from its oxide at high tem- | Fig. 4. foundry by myself may be of interest, and | are as follows: Results of Iron From Cupola. Sewing Machine Castings. Pig. Casting.|Pig. Casting.;Pig. Casting. Si../2.95 1.67 |2.85 2.12 |2.90 1.70 P .. 0,636 0.632 )0.640 0.610/0.638 0,632 Mn. 2.86 1.90 |0.80 0.80 (1,80 1.60 Very fluid) Not quite as This gavethe sparkle. ran fluid, percent- best results, without, made age of lossfluid, small consider a b1] e|small, castings loss. castings slag, percent-iclean but notclean, no age of loss quite as com-shrinkage, quite heavy,|plete. Drilledstrong: driiled castings clean, |soft. soft. no shirnkage. Could = easily carry two- { thirds scrap. Drilled rather hard. Experiment in Casting Ingot Molds. Mixture of iron used. tesulting ingot mold. SNK be absaes beacon 1.17 0.92 ss Se 0,180 0.184 Manganese........... 0.52 0.35 ER wricvaelna, neeut 0.036 0.042 SEEDS sckn en ioeen 5 3.2 3.19 Com. carbon.:........ 0.68 0.59 | perature, and, when very high, seems to | displace the graphite—or, at least, prevent its full crystallization—for such iron may have an equal amount of total carbon, 4.00 to 4.50, but graphite will only be about 2.50 to 3.00 per cent., against 3.50 to 4.00 | per cent. When too much lime is present | similar conditions take place, but owing |to somewhat different causes. The fur- nace then works slower, as the slag formed is not so fusible, and hence she is apt to first become too hot and thus increase silicon at the expense of graphite, and, secondly, by running so slow there is dan- er of some of the carbide of iron bein ecarbonized by the oxygen of blast before it gets into the hearth, thus diminishing the total carbon in the pig. Manganese and phosphorus, when too high, also tend to make iron closer, probably owing to the same cause as very high silicon—i. ¢., preventing a full crystallization of the graphite; but about this later on. This formation of graphite must be looked upon as a purely chemical phe- nomenon of a crystallization and treated as such. As long as this is neglected, so long will a furnace make a No. 1 iron, liable to be spoiled into No. 2 or 3, owing to this lack of knowledge of the simplest primary conditions of crystallization. The conditions for its fullest develop- ment are the same as in any chemical crystallization, being, first, a suitable medium to crystallize in most freely; sec- ond, an absence of impurities to interfere with it; third, perfect quiet, and, fourth, as gradual a cooling as possible. These conditions complied with will give a fur- nace every time all the ‘‘ grain ” that can possibly be gotten out of a given iron. Let us examine a little more minutely the conditions here presented. In the first place we find that the sow will generally show a more open grain than the pigs themselves, and often the fracture at the plane of contact, a, Fig 1, between sow and pig will show beautiful large crystals of graphite and a uniform grain throughout, while the pig itself, when broken at 6, is close, spotty, afew large grains interspersed irregularly. Another noticeable fact about the sow is that a fracture at a, Fig. 2, across the plane of contact with the pig will generally show larger and more uni- form grain than when broken at }) between two pigs. And yet even this fracture at b, though poorer than at a, will show better grain than the pig broken in half. Let us look a moment into this closely and the reasons will be apparent. In the first place, Fig. 1, we have the iron running along the runner forming the sow until all the pigs are filled and meanwhile, before coming to rest in the sow-runner itself, heating the bottom and sides of the same very thor- oughly, so that when the iron comes to rest it does so in a warm bed, complying, if left alone, completely with condition four—i. ¢., slow gradual cooling. The pig, however, is run into a small mold, wet, cold, and there is immediately a tendency to chill, which means fine close grain, as is shown by many pigs having a rim of close grained iron; the conditions for slow cool- ing are therefore not complied with. In the second case, Fig. 2, we can at- tribute the more open grain at a to similar causes, enhanced by the fact that at a is a large mass of hot metal, giving more chance to heat the surrounding layers of sand, and also to cool more slowly than in the case at b. But this is not all that disturbs the peace and equilibrium of the heated mass, trying to conform to its natural laws of crystallization. No ‘sooner is the iron partially solidified than water is frequently youred on it while a broken pig will show it to be still quite red; then it is broken and ranked to be loaded on the trucks. Now, all this is wrong, for in trying to save a littletime money is wasted by getting a No. 2 iron from what has in it all the qualities of a No. 1. In theory this rule may be laid down, that what the fracture at the plane of contact between sow and pig shows all the iron ought to show, for when the furnace herself is making No. 2 or 3, the fracture at that point will invariably be close, as one cannot get an open iron when there is a deficiency of carbon. i The important point shown by this 1s that the carbon is there; if it were not it could not crystallize in such large flakes. Another cause of irregular iron lies in the fact that in all processes of crystallization June 21, 1888. there is a tendency to eject foreign matter. Graphite and all the impurities are foreign matter, and this will account for the kish which is so often observed coming from the iron in great quantities. This is all val- uable carbon, the iron having ejected it in crystallizing, and as it has been observed that the outside beds—i. e¢. those not under cover and more exposed to the cool air— | throw off a much larger portion than those under cover, the question naturally arises, Would not all remain in the iron if suitably covered and kept from sudden cooling ? I have noticed this kish in a cold north wind come off the outside beds so as to cover everything for several yards with a shining black coating, while the inside beds did not show atrace. Give the iron time to cool and this foreign matter must of necessity remain in the iron; there is no sudden contraction to aid in ejecting the graphite and deteriorating a good grade of a a a — Bee THE IRON AGE. and, instead of being all No. 2, was graded as No. 3 and sold as such. In conclusion, I call attention to the very thorough and able article on the con- dition of the sand bed in relation to quality of iron by Wm. Muirhead, which was the first to particularly direct my attention to this subject. Another series of experiments was to run out the first part of the iron into| beds nearest the stopping hole, which, however, did not prove practicable. Fig. 3, Pig with spot in center. Open part. Spot. NE Witas ces incctsekevens 2.05 2.01 ONE oy loc cent aneces eta 0.79 0.80 ere 0.250 0.274 ENS scans ous.cies suse dare 3.10 2.25 Re <cunindaGsasicdedods ons 0.50 088 DE Ren cwntowedsconeedes 3.60 3.13 e-_ — to eT 14INCH ENGINE LATHE, BUILT BY pig. Spots may be caused in the same} way through this tendency to crystallize | outward, though their origin is not yet plain. Professor Ledebur, in his investi- THE HENDEY MACHINE Pig when broken at plane of contact with sow and in center of pig, show spot which | | plane of contact did not. gations, gives a number of examples where | the very contrary took place he found excrescences at the bottom of the pig, or where it has apparently most chance to cool very slowly, and also in this spot he sometimes found an excess of impurities; in others, however, a decrease. It will be seen by the appended analysis that often | the spots show less impurities ; there is, | therefore, something else from liquation taking place here, for in liquation there should be an excess. It must be a too rapid ejection of impurities which is sud- | denly again checked which causes these | irregularities. The conclusions to be drawn are, there- fore, as follows: The sand should not be too wet, so as not to chill the iron. The iron should be covered with sand or coke dust, and not be disturbed before two hours at least, and water should not be thrown on, as is often done, nearly as fast as the iron is run into the molds. Some very interesting experiments made under my supervision show the importance of this work. One-half of the iron was cov- ered with coke dust and the other half cooled as usual. The covered iron was all one grade, No. 2 open, hardly one pig different from another. The cooled iron was, however, irregular, showed spots, | depth through the jetties is 31.6 feet by'!in diameter, with a 24-inch stroke. Center of pig! show irregu- Plane of contact with sow,/lar grain,|/ Spot open, uniform. with spot in center. Silicon... Seer 2.23 2.10 Phosphorus............. 0.740 | 0.730 0.760 Manganese ............. 1.65 1.60 1.54 “ES 3.00 2.50 SEG ccccteas vs ndee. ee 0.58 0.68 . aes | a 3.58 318 Sulphur.... as seis 0.012 | (016 1. 2. 3, 4. an. i eane 2.38 2.20 2.23 2.31 Managnese ...... 0.58 0.61 0.60 078 Phosphorus... .. 0.250 0.249 0.247 0.275 Graphite.... .... 4.00 3.80 8.91 3.25 C. Carbon........ 010 0.25 0.20 0.70 THEO. . cece 4.10 4.00 3 95 3.95 Analysis 1.—Fig. 5 broken across D | show open uniform structure; analysis 2, broken across ¢ show less open, less uni- form; analysis 3, Fig. 4, pig broken at a | plane of contact, open uniform; analysis | 4, pig broken at }, center of pig closer, ir- regular grain. ae New Orleans, since the construction of the jetties, has become one of the deepest ports in the world. In contradiction of recent statements the Times-Democrat says the bar is now swept away. The least 999 | the last report of the United States engi- | neers, the 30-foot channel being 180 feet wide. Above the jetties. in the Pass, the minimum depth is 27 feet, and vessels of this draft can ascend or descend the river | without the slightest risk or danger. SS New Engine Lathe. We show in the engraving on this page |a new 14-inch swing engine lathe recently | turned out by the Hendey Machine Com- | pany, of Torrington, Conn. The propor- | tion of gearing in the head is 13 to 1. The | cone diameters are 84, 6%, 54 and 3% inches | for a 2-inch belt. The spindle is of ham- |mered steel, running in hard bronze bear- |ings. There is a 1-inch hole through jthe spindle. The front bearing is 2 inches in diameter, and 3% inches long; the back bearing 14 inches in diam- CO., TORRINGTON, CONN. |eter and 24 inches long. The lathe cuts screws having from 2 to 48 threads | per inch and will take in work between | centers 3 feet 6 inches long. The counter- | shaft has a 9x 3 inch face pulley. The | weight of the lathe is 1200 pounds. EE The Colliau Boiler.—Victor Colliau, of Detroit, Mich., the designer of the well, known Colliau cupola, has recently made arrangements for the construction of anew type of boiler, which, it is claimed, will effect a very great economy in fuel. As we find it described, the boiler is furnished with an air-blast and the fuel is burnt ona fire-brick bottom, there being no grate. The saving of coal, as compared with other boilers, is claimed to be something like 50 per cent. TT The Serew Propeller Ferry Boat.— We learn that the screw propeller ferry- boat which is shortly to be run on the lines of the Hoboken Ferry Company, is being fitted up at the Delamater Iron Works, foot West Thirteenth street, New York. The boat—as may be remembered from paragraphs which were published recently¢will have two propellers, one at each end, fitted on the same shaft, both working at the same time. The engines | will be of the triple-expansion type, with cylinders measuring 18}, 27 and 42 inches The or eae s « of o> ¢— vowr Bee ut paningss 47? Lao e = le fips: | bs i mes * ove - STFS tar st TY ae AVAL PRBS Dnt GS e- #7 “ithe i ASD > Or ten coe : Mee te a ~ PORE MEE Fis? THOS PU Es AG Mikes re yy <% wo ™ a OR rs “ Z ia’ 5 an | > ; os y rn Laat oar wera Oe CLE AT iw . OE EE cE ya te SS TRAM 8 oe oe 2 Fae 7 Law Tar Sarees cd ? o te “yr ve i * ~e- GE RP = Re est ne 7 1000 boilers will be of steel and will carry a pressure of 150 pounds. There have been some rumors that the boat would be fitted also with the Kunstadter steering screw, which was described in The Iron Age a few years ago. This, it may be remem- bered, is a small supplementary screw, mounted in the rudder frame and driven by the main shaft through the intervention of a universal coupling. The direction of thrust of the screw may thus be changed with every change of angle of the rudder. A recent fire at the Delamater works has somewhat retarded the completion of the machinery, and the boat, we are told, will $4.15, THE . June 21, 1888, IRON AGE. and Kansas City and the other | sufficient collects the tank can be quickly points named, $5.83. The rate-sheet for | drawn out and emptied. The water over- the first time gives the figures relating to | flows from this tank comparatively clean Sheftield and Florence, Ala., the principal | into a second tank directly underneath to points being as follows: Cincinnati, $2.50; | which a centrifugal pump is attached and Louisville, $2.25; Memphis, $1.55; St. | piped to carry the water to the wheels Louis, $2.80; Chicago and Detroit, $3.75; | where valves regulate the flow to the de- Pittsburgh and the Wheeling district, |sired amount. Having the pump con- $4.40, and Kansas City, Atchison, Leban- | nected to only the lower tank leaves the worth and St. Joseph, $5.38. | upper tank free from pipe connections, so —————— | it can be quickly emptied. Water flows Improved Emery Wheel Tool Grinder. | °° the wheel through a small opening on eet the underside of the water distributor, The Springfield Glue and Emery Wheel | which spreads it in a sheet across the face Company, of Springfield, Mass., have just!of the wheel. The machine stands 38 NEW EMERY WHEEL TOOL GRINDER, BUILT BY THE SPRINGFIELD GLUE AND EMERY WHEEL CO., therefore not be ready for service for three or four months. ————— errr Southern Pig Iron Freights.—The Southern Railway and Steamship Asso- ciation have issued a circular bearing date of June 14, which gives the rates of freight on pig iron from Birmingham, Chattanooga and Sheffield and Florence, to points on and beyond the Ohio River. $2.75; Louisville, $2.50; St. Louis, $3.25; Chicago, $4; Detroit, $4; Cleveland, $4; Pittsburgh and the Wheeling district, | $4.65; Kansas City, Atchison, Leban- worth and St, Joseph, $5.83. From Chat- tanooga the figures are: Cincinnati and Louisville, $2.25; St. Louis, $3; Chicago and ADetroit, $3.75; Cleveland, $3.50; Pittsburgh and the Wheeling district, The rates | from Birmingham are: To Cincinnati, | SPRINGFIELD, MASS. brought out an improved emery wheel tool | inches high from floor to center of spindle grinder. Itis a heavy machine weighing | and occupies a floor space of 33 x 34 about 1800 pounds, and the form of base is | inches. The wheels are 16 inches apart. such that it is very stiff, and when placed on |The general features are shown in the _a good foundation is free from tremble and | accompanying engraving. vibration. It has a 2-inch steel spindle : and two emery wheels, each 20 x 3 inches, | | with 10-inch hole in them, held by large| Railways and lake vessels are now in collars. By means of the large holes, there | fierce competition. The former have is no hub or center of wheel to throw away | changed their tactics so far that they now asis common with mostemery wheel grind- | own important lines of lake steamers and ers. Future wheels for the machine cost | apparently intend to crush out sailing ves- less from having the large holes. The|sels altogether. Already, it is stated, they |machine is generally furnished with emery | are carrying fully two-thirds of the ore, wheels of two different grades, one coarse | coal and grain, and that, even at the cur- |for rapidly removing the stock, and the; rent low rates, are enabled to realize from other fine for finishing to a good edge. | 50 to 60 per cent. profit, compared with | An iron tank easily reached is placed under | car delivery. These railway boats will, |the wheel to receive the water coming | apparently, in a very few years control | from it and catch the waste ground off, | the entire lake traffic, making their own which settles to the bottom and when | terms as to rates of freight. $n June 21, 1888. THE IRON AGE. 1001 , With windows on all sides. The quarters | ofthe club will be handsomely furnished and fitted with all the conveniences requisite The Bignall & Keeler Mfg. Company, of to the occasion. The dedication will take St. Louis, Mo., are bringing out a new place on Saturday, the 9th inst., the ex- pipe and nipple machine combined, the ercises closing with a banquet. annexed engraving showing its main feat- ures. The machine is equally adapted to | 7 mill use and common job shop work, and cuts and threads both pipe and nipples from } to 2 inches inclusive. It has a! ae quick-opening gripping chuck. The ma-| The Bowers Dredging Company are chine need not be stopped to change the building, in Chicago, under the Bowers pipe. A simple lever movement opens or patents, the ironwork of a 300 horse- closes the chuck at will. It is very strong power hydraulic dredge to be used in| and substantial, and calculated to stand excavating a yacht harbor ne ri the Cor- the rough usage of the pipe-mill. It has, onado Hotel, in San Diego, Cal., as an Bignall’s peerless die head, and the dies’ adjunct to that establishme ok which is throw open far enough to pass the pipe said to be the largest and most commo- through to the cutting-off tool. The! dious hotel in the world. The material steady slides used for holding the pipe to be removed is taken up by a rotary steady while cutting off are operated by a’ excavator and delivered to a 20-inch suc- New Pipe and Nipple Machine. ee The Bowers Hydraulic Dredge. NIPPLE GRIPPER NEW PIPE AND crank and right and left screw on the work} tion-pipe, through which it is to be drawn side of the machine. The slides have hard-| by a large centrifugal pump that will de- ened faces and can be replaced when worn at a mere nominal cost. | nected 18-inch disc harge- pipe, at distances | The machine will readily thread a varying from a few hundred feet to about | pieces of pipe 24 inches and over i 4 mile, where it is to be utilized in bring- | length, and will make left-hand sls as | ing to grade a considerable area left bare | easily as right-hand ones. Its weight is|at low tide. The land thus reclaimed | 1500 pounds, There are six speeds adapted | will be transformed into a race-track and | to the different sizes of pipe to be handled, | All the gears are cut, and an oil-pump is| The hull of the dredge, built in ea attached, which constantly floods the dies | Diego, is 120 feet long, 33 feet beam and with oil. When the pipe-grippers become | 9 feet 9 inches high. Power is generated dulled by use they can be taken out and | in four tubular boilers 20 feet long with 5 ground without drawing the temper. | feet shell. These boilers were built at the | United States Boiler Works, from designs by G. L. Pierce, and as coal is very dear The Centennial Exposition of the Ohio|in San Diego they are furmshed with Valley and Central States will open at| Rhoads’ hydro-carbon burners, which are Cincinnati, July 4, and close October 27. | constructed on the principle of bringing Among the organizations occupying quar- | the oil for heating the boilers as nearlyto ters in the exposition buildings will be the | a gaseous state, before ignition, as is pos- Cincinnati Press Club, for the furnishing | sible, without leaving a deposit or residu- and decoration of whose rooms the Cori- um. The centrifugal pump is driven by a missioners have set apart $2500. = 250 horse-power Westinghouse automatic rooms of the club are located in one of the | engine, coupled to the pump-shaft, both octagon wings of the Park building, di- | engine and pump being on the same bed. rectly opposite Music Hall. The reception | It is believed to be the largest direct-act- room is 50 feet in width and is provided | ing engine ever coupled to a centrifugal —_———e ee — liver it on land through a flexibly con- || pump for dredging purposes, and is very neat, compact and simple. The drawings, patterns, pump, excavator, &c., are being made at the M. C. Bullock Mfg. Company’s works, at Chicago, under the supervision of G. L. Pierce, of San Francisco. The crane, hoisting engines, feeding devices, surface condenser and heater were made at the Vulean Iron Works, and are of neat and compact designs. By placing the work in so many shops the construction has proceeded with unusual dispatch. The drawings were commenced by Mr. Pierce on the 15th of February, and two machines will probably be finished and at work by the 1st of September, the second machine, covered by the same patents, but of Zsome- what different design, bei ing ¢ onstructed at the same time, under the same super- vision and by the same builders, except two upright engines for driving the pump and three tubular boilers. This latter ma- NIPPLE MACHINE, BUILT BY THE BIGNALL & KEELER MFG. CO., ST. LOUIS, MO. chine is to be used at Kansas City, Mo., for filling in several hundred acres ot low and. Two smaller machines, covered by | the same patents, have, we are told, been so satisfactory in operation as to justify the expectation that the San Diego dredge will give better results than have ever yet been obtained by any dredging machine. Mr. A. B. Bowers, C. E., 1110 Eighth street, N. W., Washington, D. C., the inventor and owner of both the American and European patents, has numerous appli- cations pending for other improvements |in various kinds of dredging apparatus to facilitate all kinds of dredging work. He is now engaged on designs for another large dredge intended for filling up for business purposes and as a private enter- prise a large area of low land. Several other dredges now in the market are claimed to embrace some of the points covered by the Bowers patents, and the owners of most of these have, we are in- formed, already been brought into court for infringement. noice = A plan is said to have been devised for the consolidation of the Cape Breton col- lieries under a New York syndicate. 26a Fs > eign it a Z Rem - % q whe x ds Ga SO 2ae * fee ee + J Site aes Lee et CS Ree. ere a 8 set Se ez Ba MISS 8A vi a aft eG < > ae ery. pee os a fp Sat ES = ae a we sa , «a n it “ Be Ee fa (eet E> é age gh 1002 The Monitors. Under the appropriation made time ago arrangements are being made for the alteration and completion of the five double-turreted monitors which were built soon after the war. Of these vessels one —the Puritan—is 296 feet long, 60 feet beam and 18 feet draft, with a diplace- ment of 6000 tons; the other four—the Miantonomoh, the Monadnock, the Amphi- trite and the Terror—are all of the same size, being 262 feet long, 55 feet beam and 14 feet draft, with 3815 tons displacement. These monitors are all built of iron, pro- short military mast for signaling purposes, with a top in which a Hotchkiss revolving cannon will be mounted. The side armor for the Puritan has a maximum thickness of 12 inches and that of the other four ships a thickness of 7 inches, while the turrets for all are plated with 114-inch steel and each has an ar- mored deck 2 inches thick, covered with 34 inches of wood. The smoke-stack and ventilators will be protected by 104 and 94 inches of armor respectively, the con- ning-towers of the Puritan by 12 inches and those of the Miantonomoh and her class by 9inches. The freeboard of the Puritan will be 30 inches and that of the other four but 25 inches. All will be armed alike, The main battery will consist of four 10-inch steel breech-loading rifles firing a projectile weighing 500 pounds, with a powder charge of 250 pounds. The second battery will comprise two 6-pounder, two 3-pounder and two 1-pounder Hotch- kiss guns and two Gatlings. As a protec- tion against torpedo attacks nets are pro- vided made of steel rings to be rigged out from the side some distance, hanging down into the water, with electric search lights for use at night. Several important changes will be made as a result of the improvements made in naval architecture since the Monitor was originally designed. Formerly the turrets rested on the upper deck, from which they were lifted by a central spindle and re- volved by steam to bring the guns to bear as desired. As modified the turrets will pass through the upper deck and rest upon conical rollers on the next deck below, thus affording protection to the machinery and diminishing the liability to jam. Sur- mounting the turret is a conical ar- armored pilot-house, so constructed as to | deflect a striking shot, and above the pilot-house, resting on iron stanchions over each turret, ure light circular wooden houses containing quarters for officers in addition to those below decks. of the turrets are connected by a hurricane deck where hammocks and boats will be stowed and the machine guns mounted. This deck is supported on combined stanchions and ventilators which allow for passage to the water which will flow across the main deck in heavy weather at ‘sea. The Puritan is divided into 100 water- tight compartments, and the other ships each into 87. These vessels will all be provided with sus- ficient quarters for officers and crew, with ample ventilation; they will have a full | | |of mill and steam supplies. | face plate. The tops | THE IRON AGE. They have put in a large stock of asbestos packed some | Valves and cocks and Hancock inspirators, }and make a specialty of the entire steam | £70 a ton, represents a capital of 175,000, - supply business. Mr. Fleming of the firm comes from Harrisburg, Pa., and Mr. Kimball from Hartford. — I New Punch and Die Grinder. The illustration on this page shows a new machine designed for grinding and finishing hardened punches and dies, and for squaring and smoothing up any metal , | pieces having flat surfaces to be finished, pelled by twin screws and have but one | and which can be held in a chuck or on a The machine has two spindles at right angles to each other on the same horizontal plane, one carrying the chuck, the other the cutting wheel. The chuck spindle runs in a head bolted rigidly to PUNCH AND DIE GRINDER, BUILT BY June 21, 1888, jand by adding 40,000 tons to resist the efforts of the purchasers of that metal there is a total of 100,000 tons, which, at 000 francs. So far as the figures of pro- duction are concerned there is something decidedly hazy about the statement quoted. |The production of France is practically nil, while that of the world is 275,000, of which, it is claimed, the operators in cop- | per control 215,000 tons, o_ A$ — Coke Freights Reduced.—A meeting of the representatives of the railroads hav- ing connections with the Connellsville coke region was held in Pittsburgh on Friday, the 15th inst., at which it was de- cided to make a further reduction in freight rates on coke. The new rates went into effect on Monday, the 18th inst, , and were arranged on the basis of the THE DIAMOND MACHINE CO., PROVIDENCE, R. I. the column, and has a cone pulley giving two changes of speed. The emery-wheel \spindle runs in a head which has both longitudinal and lateral movements by |hand, and is adjustable about a central pivot, thus providing a means of grinding | straight, concave or convex surfaces. The grinder is built by the Diamond Machine | Company, of Providence, R. I., who have |a Western office at 51 South Canal street, equipment of electric lights. The Terror | Chicago, Ill. is to have pneumatic apparatus for hand- | ling guns and turrets, and also pneumatic steering machinery. These ships are to be used chiefly for coast defense, forming an important part of the system arranged by the navy for that purpose. EEE - A new firm known as Fleming & Kim- ball have located at No. 17 Dey street, New York City. foundry and machine department of the Harrisburg Car Mfg. Company, who are the builders of the Ide automatic cut-off engines, portable engines, boilers, steam | I | The Paris Copper Market. — The | Temps announces that the new financial | combination elaborated by the leaders of the copper market is being carried out. | All the engagements entered into on that | njarket, both by the special syndicate and by the Société des Métaux, are, it seems, of which is not to be 175,000,000 francs, as has been erroneously stated, but the capital and credit of which will enable it | to dispose of that amount, which was based to be transferred to a company, the capital | They are the managers of the | Chicago rate, which was reduced from $3 to $2.75 per ton. The new rates to the principal points are as follows, in tons of 2000 pounds: Pittsburgh, 70 cents; Cleve- land, $1.35; Shenango and Mahoning valleys, $1.35; East St. Louis, $3.20; St. Louis, $3.35; Indianapolis, $2.75; Fort Wayne, $2.65; Cincinnati, $2.65; Detroit, $2.65; Joliet, $2.75; Dayton and Springfield, $2.50. SS ne Gebriider Stumm, Neunkirchen, Ger- many, offer a prize of 10,000 marks, equivalent, roughly, to $2000, for a paper, accompanied by models and drawings, which will suggest a means of overcom- 'ing the danger from fine dust in pulveriz- ing basic or Thomas cinder. It appears that the dust formed in crushing Thomas slag, previous to its use in agriculture, affects the lungs of the men at work in the mill. Gebriider Stumm specify that the arrangements suggested shall be such as not to seriously interfere with the ca- on the following calculation» The annual | pacity of the mill nor materially affect the road rollers, &¢., and also carry a full line | production of copper is about 60,000 tons, | labor of the men. June 21, 1888. THE IRON AGE. 1003 THE WEEK. At the commencement exercises of Ste- vens Institute, in Hoboken, 14th inst., 39 students received their degrees as mechan- ical engineers. The degree of Doctor of Engineering was conferred on Coleman Sellers, ot Philadelphia. President Mor- ton presented to the trustees a $10,000 en- dowment tor the chair of engineering practice, just created. New Orleans is making a strenuous effort to establish herself among the foremost in the trade with Mexico, Central America and South America. She has at present 26 steamers a month in the fruit foal with Spanish Honduras, and has recently estab- lished direct steamship communication with Colombian ports, under promising auspices. New Orleans is advantageously situated to conduct a large export trade in breadstuffs, provisions, sugar and molasses and lumber. The total exportation of these articles from this country in 1887 amounted to $291,115,464, and New Or- leans participated to the extent of only $8,966,160. Several of her leading mer- chants are now visiting cities inthe North- west, hoping to divert a larger proportion of Western trade to the outlet by way of the Mississippi River. Her great lack is adequate means for transporting merchan- dise promptly between the producer and the consumer The nine lumber ports on Puget Sound exported during May over 38,000,000 feet of lumber, glutting the markets on that coast. Tacoma led off with nearly 10,- 000,000 feet. During July the output of logs will be curtailed one-fifth. One of the most prosperous steamship lines in the coastwise trade is the Ocean Steamship Company, which has nine steamers, five of them on the New York route to Savannah, two on the Philadel- = branch, and two others running to ston. The fine steamer City of Bir- mingham, just completed on the Delaware River, is the latest addition, and still another, to be called the Kansas City, will soon be put under contract at the yards in Chester. This proposed new steamer will be 346 feet in length, equipped with twin screws, and cost about $500,000. It is intended to make the Kansas the finest vessel in the coast traffic. All are prac- tically owned and controlled by the Cen- tral Railroad of Georgia. Liberal amounts for new steel cruisers are proposed in the Naval Appropriation bill just reported to the House. The President is authorized to have con- structed by contract two steel cruisers of about 3000 tons displacement, at a cost, exclusive of armament and excluding any premium that may be paid for increased speed, of not more than $1,200,000 each; one steel cruiser of about 5300 tons, to cost not more than $1,800,000, and one ar- mored cruiser of about 7500 tons, to cost «not more than $3,500,000. The amount of displacement tonnage in the four ships of this bill is 19,000 as against 23,000 tons in the six ships of 1887. The estimated cost of the four is to be $7,700,000, as against $8,768,000 for the six ships. It will be noticed that the average cost of last year’s ships was about $370 per ton of displacement, while in this year’s vessels an average of $400 per ton is allowed. The 3000-ton cruisers are to be built under a gua- rantee torun at least 19 knots per hour, and the 5300-ton vessel at least 20 knots. And in each case the contractor is to receive $50,000 for each quarter knot made above the requirement and to forfeit $50,000 for each failure of a quarter of a knot below the requirement. At least one of the ves- sels is to be built at a United States navy yard, and any or all of them may be so constructed in the event of failure to make a contract at reasonable prices. Toward | preferential rates they enjoy on British rail- procuring the armor and armament of do- | mestic manufacture of the vessels author- ized to be built $2,000,000 are appropri- ated, and an appropriation of $4,000,000 is made for beginning the construction of the vessels. Among the items on the bill of local interest to New York is one of $68,000 for a new boilershop at the Brook- lyn Navy Yard. Five hundred and fifty thousand dollars is appropriated for a new dock at the League Island Yard. Secretary Whitney on Thursday awarded contracts for steel to be used in the con- struction of the armored cruiser Maine at New York as follows: Carnegie, Phipps & Co, of Pittsburgh, steel plates, at $89,- 779; steel shapes at $35,986 and steel | rivets at $9737; the Pittsburgh Steel Cast- ing Company, steel castings, at $50,176. The people of the United States are in- vited by the German minister at Washing- ton to participate in an exhibition to be held in Berlin next spring, to disseminate a knowledge of the apparatus and devices that have been invented forthe prevention of accidents among those engaged in the various branches of industry, and also to ‘promote the improvement and multiplica- tion of such inventions. Capt. R. L. Phythian has been relieved from duty as president of the Steel Inspec- tion Board of the navy at his own request, and Capt. H. L. Howison, now on waiting orders, has been ordered to that duty. The merchants of Guadalajara, in Mexi- co, are much incensed by the imposition of an Interstate tax by the adjoining State of Jalisco, contrary to the declared policy of the general Government. Congressman Tracy, of Albany, is en- deavoring to secure an appropriation of | $126,000 for additional machinery and | tools for the Watervliet arsenal. The millers’ convention, held in Buffalo last week, recommended the establishment of a central office at Chicago, for the pro- tection and improvement of the flour ex- port, mainly as concerns steamship trans- portation. The so-called foreign bills of lad- ing are so ingeniously worded that it is no | specific obligation on the part of the for- warders to deliver the goods in reasonable time or with reasonable care, and a spe- cial flour billis demanded, stating in plain, unequivocal terms the quantity, brand, freight rate, route and destination. New York suffers on her grain export trade from its defective arrangements for shipping. In the examination before the Interstate commission, ex-Attorney-Gen- eral McVeagh described New York as way behind the times in having to lighter freight from the cars to the steamer—‘‘ tot- ing it all around the harbor’’—while in Philadelphia and Baltimore and other ports it was put directly from the car into the ship. At the annual commencement of the Hebrew Technical Institute in this city last week, Abram Chankin was given the first prize for excellence in wood and metal work. Altogether there are 78 pupils. The survey for an ocean cable between Canada and Australia has been commenced by a vessel belonging to the British navy, and the line will be 7500 miles in length, via New Zealand and the Fiji Islands to Vancouver. The benefits to be realized by English trade from the ship canal from Manchester to the sea, now in progress, are the theme of a Sheffield paper, which says: ‘‘ Cheap water carriage would enable manufactur- ers to accept foreign orders which they have now to decline. Foreign manufact- urers would lose the advantage they now possess by reason of the grossly unjust ways. Here is a very glaring case. A Birm- | ingham manufacturer was offered German or Belgian wire at a price lower than he paid for wire obtained from Warrington. The carriage to Birmingham was 13 shil- lings per ton. When, however, the man- ufacturer had worked up his wire he found that the carriage of the finished article from Birmingham to the foreign market in which he had purchased the wire was | 26 shillings per ton. Why should the for- | eigner have this two-to-one advantage over ithe British manufacturer? Another in- | Stance: A Colonial railway required cer- tain plant, which they were recommended to obtain at Wednesbury. The cost of carriage from Wednesbury to Liverpool was 10 shillings a ton. The order went to the United States solely on account of the stiff charge for carriage between Wednes- bury and Liverpool. These instances might be multiplied many times over.” Members of the Nicaragua canal survey- ing expedition, who have returned to this city, bring favorable reports. The new port of Brito, at the Atlantic terminus, will extend inland 3000 feet, and can be in- definitely enlarged. From thence to Lake Nicaragua by the axis of the canal will be 16.97 miles. The elevation of the summit ‘* divide” will be 152 feet above the mean sea level, and the maximum cut through the ‘‘ divide ” 42 feet above the level of the lake. The practicability of convert- ing a portion of the valley of the Rio Grande into a navigable basin has been fully established. This will extend the level of the lake to La Flor. The saving by this will be 3.8 miles of canal in exca- vation, with a corresponding reduction in the cost of the canal. The basin will form a convenient and commodious turn-out for passenger vessels, and the navigation through it will be nearly as favorable as that of the lake. It is reported that the Southern Pacific Railroad Company will soon erect immense coal bunkers at West Seattle, where it has secured an extensive water front, conven- ient to the Carbonado coal mines. A committee of engineers appointed by the Park Board to investigate the subject, report strongly in favor of a tunnel rather than a high span bridge as a means of crossing the Harlem River. The tunnel will cost $2,000,000. The great drawbridge of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company over the Arthur Kill is one of the largest in the world, being 512 feet long, allowing a clear space of 200 feet on each side of the draw between the piers. This bridge will give to the Baltimore and Ohio and other trunk lines access to 10 miles of water front of Staten Island. The entire length of the bridge from shore to shore is 800 feet and its hight is 30 feet. The d