The Iron Age 1886-12-09: Vol 38 Iss 24

) : 3 Fe ill Ee EAE OR Se INDEX TO READING MATTER PAGE Published every Thursday Morning by Davip Witttams, Nos Peerless Automatic Locomotive Cylinder Oiler. The Peerless Oil Ejector Company, of Quincy, Ill,, are turning out several modifi- Vol. XXXVIII: No. 24 New Yo dead load constituting an exceptionally large proportion of the whole. Again, the Russian Government last year issue] new | regulations by which the limiting stresses | were fixed at 8500 pounds per square inch cations of a new automatic oiler, one of | for bridges under 50-foot span, and 10,300 which, specially designed for use on locomo- | pounds for those over 100-foot span. tive cylinders, we illustrate on this page. Steam from the locomotive enters the lubri- eator through the steam connection K, passes up through the valve A to the coil J, where, owing to so much exposed surface, it is readily condensed into water which falls to the bottom of the reservoir I through the tube M_ This elevates the oil with which the reservoir has been previously filled until it flows out through the openings on each side of the reservoir near thetop. The flow is regulated by valves C C, which can be graded from a minute quantity to a stream. The oil passes through drip tubes into the glass tubes P P, where it can be | seen feeding down drop by drop through the opening in the double check-valve R to tal- low-pipes which are connected to the lubri- cator at the union just below the valves | The oil then is forced down to the | parts to be lubricated by a live-steam cur- | rent that enters at the valve B, passes thence | through the drip tubes W W and enters the | GG. glass tubes P P. From this point it passes on to the steam-chest. The check-valve R prevents interference of the steam in the steam-chest with the working of the lubricator, and also prevents suction through the tallow-pipes when steam pressure is off. Our engravings represent double sight- feed cups. Single sight-feed cups, 1 pint capacity, one for each cylinder, are also furnished. The advantages claimed for the device are found in its simplicity, the use of a coil condenser and the fact that the oil is fed down through live steam. By this means the company claim that they can feed readily in the coldest weather bees- wax, tallow or any known lubricant from one drop per minute toastream. A posi- tive feed is assured at all times. Lubrica- tors based on the same principles are turned out by the manufacturers also for stationary and portable engines and air-brakes. I —— Some Notes on the Working Stress of Iron and Steel.* Few engineers of experience who have had to deal both with machinery and with structural ironwork, such as railway gird- ers, can have failed to note inconsistencies in practice and general vagueness as to the meaning and use of such termsas ‘‘safe work- ing stress” or ‘‘ factor of safety.” Rankine de- fines *‘ factor of safety ” as the ratio in which the ultimate strength exceeds the working | stress, and assigns to it a value of 4 to 6) for ordinary steel and iron subject to a vari- | able load. But if we consider for a moment how the proportions of almost all parts of a | machine, from the axle of a country cart to | the coupling-rod of an express engine, have | been arrived at, shall see that it has been | by the gradual strengthening of the parts | which had proved by accumulated experi- ence to be too weak, and not by calculat- | ing the dimensions on the basis of a factor of safety of 4 to 6. Let us now consider for a moment one class of structure—railway bridges. The, Conway tubular bridge, which bas carried the heavy traffic of the London and North- western Railway for the past 36 years, is 412 feet in span, and under its own weight the tensile stress is 13,000 pounds per square | inch. With ordinary trains the stress is | 17,000 pounds, and if covered with the | heaviest engines in use on the line 20,000 pounds per squareinch. The ultimate strength of the riveted structure is about 42,000 pounds per square inch. No indications of weakness have developed during the 36 | years’ working, nor anything to suggest that the factor of safety of, say, 2 to 2% is unduly low. On the otber hand railway experience has amply proved that with small span, and therefore light girders, such stresses as the above would quickly lead to destruction. For that reason, in structures such as the elevated railway of New York, the stresses are wisely limited to 8000 pounds per square inch in the flanges of the girders, 7500 pounds in the web bracing and 4500 pounds where members are subject to alternate tension and compression. Although in Great Britain the Government regulations still authorize 11,200 pounds per square inch on the net section, and in France 8500 pounds on the gross section, irrespective of the character of the load or the span of the girder, engineers of the present day do not act up to these regulations. In Great Britain a stress of g000 pounds per square inch net section is seldom exceeded in light girders. In a recent German bridge over the Danube the permissible stresses ranged from 6900 pounds to 13,000 pounds, and in a recent Hungarian bridge over the | same river from 8700 pounds to I1,000 pounds per square inch, according to the | character of the loading. In one of the latest French bridges the Government authorized a stress of 11,400 pounds per square inch gross section, in lieu of the| . usual 8500 pounds, on the ground of the *kKead at the New York meeting of the Amer- ican Society of Mechanicai Engineers by Seqjoues Baker, Forth Bridge Railway, England. (Honor- ary member of the society.) | whether we take the case of the coupling- | rod of a locomotive or the bridge over | which the locomotive runs, we find that | engineers have learned by experience the important truth that the strength of a structure or piece of mechanism cannot be | determined by the simple process of break- |ing a piece of the material in a testing machine, but must be ascertained either by the gradual accumulation of the results of actual working or by testing the material | under conditions as far as possible analogous to those obtaining in the case under con- | sideration, Ri Wohler’s experiments on the so-termed fatigue” of metals are well known. The | writer, wishing to satisfy himself as to the behavior of modern structural steel under oll “LZ NY N N N N N ZZ il Hi | G Cm 4 pa Se ; Meese Bin ZZ Pee N oa Fig. 1.—Front View and Section. THE PEERLESS AUTOMATIC Thus, | LOCOMOTIVE i) 66 and 68 Duane Street, New York. rk, - | The above series includes a representa tive number of the writer’s experiments | with rotating spindles. As a rule the | spindles were 1 inch diameter, and project | about ro inches from the end of the revolv |}ing shaft in which they were fixed. <A speed of between 50 and 60 revolutions per minute was maintained day and night. The | ‘* soft steel’? was fine rivet steel hav- ing a tensile strength of from 60,000 pounds elongation of 28 per cent, in 8 inches. The ‘“‘hard steel” was a high class “ drift” steel having a tensile strength double the above and an elongation of one-half the extent. The “iron” iron having a tensile strength 58,000 to 61,000 pounds and an elongation of 20 per cent. ‘‘Factora” is the ulti- mate tensile strength per square inch of the specimen divided by the calculated stress upon the outside fibers, due to the load on the end of the projecting bar. ‘‘ Factor b” is the ratio of the static load required to bend the bar a moderate amount beyond ZY Z Z Fig. CYLINDER OILER, CCMPANY, QUINCY, MADE ILL. Thursday, December 9, 1886. to 64,000 pounds per square inch and an | was the best rivet | of from | different stresses, has, during the past few the elastic limit to the load actually imposed years, carried out experiments in some|upon the revolving bar. These definitions respects similar to, and in others differing | will be made more clear in further references from, those of Wohler’s, and has also made | to the table. analogous tests of hard steel and of iron. | The experiments may be roughly classified | under four heads: First, rotating spindles SERIES NO, 2.! Soft Steel. with a weight at the free end, causing al- | No.of bends. Stress persq.in, Factor a ternate tension and compression on the | 3 = 153% $3,000 1.50 . . ‘ 2,325 44,000 1.59 fibers as the spindle revolves. Second, flat | 95 12'410 44.000 1.59 bars bent in some cases one way only, and | 27. 18,100 42,000 1.67 in other cases both ways. Third, specimens | 3° ph 48,000 1.67 so designed as to give alternate direct ten- | 30. 147,390 on nee ee sion and compression on small pieces of | $1. , 908,680 334,000 2.05 : ial Sanaa ird- | 32. 1,183,200 27,5 2.55 petal ; and, fourth, full-sized riveted gird- | 3°. i ias'Goe $4°30D ry SERIES NO. I. Best Bar Iron. Soft Steel, > ers 34,000 1.68 § . 35. 250,512 34,000 1.68 No. revolutions, ee Factor a. Factor b, | 38. 3,145,020 34,000 1.68 1. are ia = os The above series is a selection from the 2 68.400 34000 184 2'56 writer’s experiments with flat bars bent 4, 92,070 34,00) 184 2.56 | laterally. Generally the bars were I inch . << ~— 06 = | wide by % inch thick and 32 inches long 7 155,295 34°00 1'84 26 | between the bearings. The steel specimens 8. 14,876,432 26,000 2.42 3.4 | were cut from the tension member plates of Hard Steel, | the Forth Bridge and had a tensile strength 9. 5.760 67.000 1.88 2.82 | of about 70,000 pounds per square inch and 40. ine 65.000 1.98 20 jn elongation of 20 per cent. in 8 inches, i. ay a = 5 45 The iron specimens were rolled bars. 13. 26° 100 46.500 272 4.10 | A careful consideration of the results of 14 i 51.000 2.40 5.60 the preceding experiments will, the writer 5. oe oa a he | thinks, illustrate many points of interest to Poe a practical engineers. Experience has shown - 108.160 tse os 998 that screw-shafts, and axles ; generally, lis, 110,000 35.000 166 2 32 made of the finest quality of high tension 19. 141,750 84,000 1.70 2.38 steel are not practically as strong as when * a or 198 s made of soft steel having theoretically per- 32, 421.470 32/000 1.90 2 67 haps little more than half the strength of 23. 480,810 31,000 1.95 2.75 the former. Referring to Series No. 1, we The Iron A / oe oe . 7 ; TW ose Avs 2 tee ee A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. AOVERTISEME Entered at the Post Office, New York, find, comparing experiments 8 and 14, that under working stressesin each case equal to about yo per cent. of the ultimate strength the hard steel failed with only 32,445 revolutions, while the soft steel stood 14,876.432. Again, comparing experiments 16 and 23, it will be seen that with practi cally the same number of revolutions the hard steel, though more than double the | tensile strength of the iron, broke under a working stress only 10 per cent. greater It is impossible, in the face of results such as these, to contend that the ordinary laboratory tests of a metal give any ade- quate measure of its value as a material of construction. Iron of high quality holds its own as com- | pared with mild steel in these experiments, and this is consistent with the general expe- rience as to the driving axles of locomotives, } which are subject to repeated bendings of | Certain of the soft- considerable severity. steel specimens would have given higher results had they not been turned down, as | fracture occasionally appeared to have been 2.—Sectional Side View. BY THE PEERLESS OIL-EJECTOR accelerated by the slight tool marking. On the other hand,No. 8 stood exceptionally well, although it was a turned-down speci- men, All of the hard-steel bars were put in | with the skin on. | An illusion entertained by some engi- | geers that alternating stresses are destruc- | tive only if the stress exceeds the elastic limit is effectually disposed of by these ex- periments, because none of the stresses in | question exceeded the said limit and some of them were very far below it. Thus in ex- periment 16 the working stress was but one- half of the stress at the elastic limit under direct tension and only one-third of the| stress at the elastic limit of the material when under transverse stress, which was really | the condition of the specimen in the experi- |ment. ‘‘ Factor b,” in the case of experiment 16, has a value of 5.55, which means that | less than one fifth of the static weight re- (quired to bend a hard-steel pin a small amount will suffice to fracture the pin if the | stress be alternating, as in the case of the pins of connecting-rods, for example. If we take whatis usually termed the ‘* breaking load,” or, say in a ductile material like steel, the stress which would deflect the bar as a beam an amount equal to half the span, then | the load which ultimately broke the bar in experiment 16 was only one seventh of the original static breaking load—a sufficiently remarkable result, Other points of interest may be referred | to in connection with Series 2. In general the bars were tested in pairs, so that when one bar broke its companion could be other- wise tested and examined. For example, the companion to No, 28, after being sub- ae Nt as Second-Class Mattes Qo 7 82.50 a lear, Zreluding Tostage Single Copies, Zen Cents. jected to 18,140 bendings, was tested for tension, and failed with 48,000 pounds per square inch and 2.6 per cent. elongation, the original strength of the steel being 70,000 poun Is and 20 per cent elongation. \gain, the companion to No, 32 was, on close examination, found to have a flaw like those found in crank-shafts. Nos. 33 and 36 were companion bars bent one way only, so that the stresses were not alternat ing; hence the largely increased endurance. They were both taken out before actual fracture, but with deep set flaws, clearly illustrating that the cause of failure under repeated stresses is very frequently not so much a gradual deterioration or crystalliza tion of the metal as the establishment of small but growing flaws. This, of course, is well well known to locomotive and marine engineers ; and on some railways it is the custom to run crank axles until the incipient flaw is detectable, and then to hoop the webs of the cranks, while marine survey- |ors do not condemn a shaft necessarily on | the first appearance of a flaw, but license it | to be run for a further definite period. Another noteworthy fact illustrated by these experiments was that a structure or | piece of mechanism may be subject to a repeated stress equal to go per cent. of that which would break it, and yet specimens ) cut from the metal may exhibit no signs whatsoever of deterioration. The broken | half of nearly every specimen in Series No, | 2 was tested by the writer with that result. Thus, as the stress was applied at the center of the bars, it followed that at a point 90 per cent. of the half span from |the bearings the stress would be 90 per cent. of that which broke the bar. Although | the bars broke short off at the center, at the point referred to they could invariably be bent double without fracture. Having reference to this fact, and to the fact that the tensile strength was also little affected, it is clearly hopeless to expect to learn much from testing specimens of metal from 'structures or machines which have been long in use. Unless the experimenter | happens to hit off the right moment im- | mediately preceding the commencement of failure, he need not expect to learn much from the behavior of the metal in the testing machine. Professor Kennedy, in an interesting and instructive | lecture recently delivered before the Royal | Engineers, at Chatham, has given the | results of tests of 47 pieces of iron and steel | which had either been in constant use for many years until they were so. much worn as to require renewal or which had broken in actual use; but in no case did he find | anything distinctly pointing to a weakening | effect due to actual fatigue. This is exactly | the result which the writer’s experiments | would have led him to anticipate ; but it by 'no means follows that the very piece of metal tested by Professor Kennedy and found uninjured would not have broken a few days after in actual working, A man of 70 years of age may be as sound as he was at 20; but the 50 years have told on him nevertheless, and the breakdown is certainly near and may be sudden, Having referred to Professor Kennedy’s lecture, it is necessary perhaps for the writer to say that he does not agree in some of the conclusions | set forth therein. Thus, Professor Kennedy | expresses his belief that the failure of coup ling-rods occurs as much by the gradual disintegration of the dirt between the lam- initions, and the’ oxidation of the iron, as by vibration and repetition of load ; and that a homogeneous material like steel remains comparatively uninjured by _ repetition. This of course is negatived by the results of the experiments cited in the present paper. | Professor Kennedy further says ; ‘If a load exceeding the limit of elasticity be applied a considerable number of times the bar will | be actually broken, but at the same time we know that if any load exceeding the limit of elasticity be but once applied the structure to which the bar belongs is distorted an rendered useless.” ‘This the writer thinks is a dangerous fallacy tending to delay the application of truly scientific principles to the design of structures and mechanism. 30th the bridge engineer and the mech anician must reckon with the fact that, owing to the contingencies of manufacture, | parts of the metal in every structure are subject to initial stresses exceeding the elastic limit; but fortunately it is not true that the structure is thus ‘* rendered |less.”” Almost every plate and angle bar of |a bridge is cold-straightened before going | into the work, which means, necessarily, an initial stress exceeding the elastic limit Boiler shells are bent cold, and heavy initial use | stresses close up to the elastic limit re- main permanently in operation. The | writer has calculated the intensity of , these stresses and verified his results by cold-straightening bars, planing away |the outside skins on each side and thus relieving the bars of one couple of | initial stresses and leaving the other couple near the neutral axis to operate. lhe re- sult has been that the bars have ceased t retain their straightness, and have become |cunved to the extent of 4% inch or other amount indicated by calculation. Similaly, | lathesmen well know that a long shaft often | wobbles when the outer skin is turned off, j}and many other instances will occur to practical men, proving beyond contest that in almost every metallic structure some (Concluded on page 7.) ht art, 2 REE ae ee Ta Re é i to ae, 7 ~~ « 2 - a, ete THE IRON AGE. 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Otlers and Cuspadores, Lanterns and Trimmings, Clocks and Fly Fan Movements, Lamps and Trimmings, Kerosene Burners, Plumbers’ Materials. SOLE MAKERS OF POLISHED COPPER MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER &\s RAS Ol I E ase B ASS. Particular geeeen pel 0 cutting out Blanks ¥ [RE te. ORE = EVERY Zonas rr vane; fact Goods. CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. Under Patent of T. James, Sept. 12, 1876. et eas Le 5 x at ae age dle gs a a be ae x ManvurFactTory, WAREHOUSE, i al it Me i a 7 | oa ro ¥ wou B ALSO MANUFACTURERS AND Bridgeport, Conn. | 19 Murray St., N. ¥. i. rn « . " yz P| a. = a rT iP ae DEALERS IN BRAZIERS & SHEATHING COPPER! Kettles, Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, &c- (Established 1802.) SCOVILL MFG. 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Freight Rates same as Pittsburgh. Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, 100 John Street, New York. OF ALL GRADES. PASSA | C Z| N E CO. | Bright, Annealed, Coppered, Tinned and Galvanized Iron and Steel Wire Rods Extra Qualities of Bar Iron and Rods, Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and MANUFACTURERS OF Charcoal Iron Wire, Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Stee! Dure Spelter Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths. Works and Office, TRENTON, NEW JERSEY. FOR as TIOOo™ ky - . : J : ‘ . Ss a. R. WHITNEY & CO-, Selling Agents, Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes New York Office, COOPER, HEWITT & Co. 17 Buriing Slip 17 Broadway, P. O. Box 33, New York City. AND ALL FINE WORK. Philadelphia Office, 21 North Fourth Street. Also for WM. EDENBORN J. W. GATES, THOS, W. FITCH. WALLACE H. ROWE, President. Vice-President. Superintendent Secretary and Treasurer. 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STEELWIREvt for all purposes and STEEL’ SPRINGS of every description. cn COVINGTON, KY., Manufacturers of CORN POPPERS, KRAUT, SLAW © VEGETABLE E CUTTERS... fea inte tone ariety of Hardware Spe r PATI Wine ed DD OV VAL Pi /PPER, with Reund Corners, ts the ne S@UARE CORN POPPER, strongest and largest Popper mad LEK KLALALL EL Dealers desiring a first-class artlel other r buy no TO ELAM LARA LLL ELL WUE LAL ELAR ALLA TO OLEEEELELLELA ae f bd ) > > k > > > > he > > he s~ rs — »~ ~~ a SS = ie S) ;4 PEARL STREET, NEW YORK. Market steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, Tempered and Covered. Also PATENT TEMPERED STEEL FURNITURE SPRINGS, constantly on hand. recone eee 236 and 238 West 29th Street, NEW YORK. TRON AND BRASS RIVETS, STUDS, PINS, SCREWS, &c. For Manufacturers of Light Hardware. BLAKE & JOHNSON, Watersury, Conn. KRAUT CUTTER.—Extra large. if ev: Se Cu) lp Si HALL LD rn aecee _ 60. eT. ater Mo. We) Successors TO W. S. TYLER, MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS, STEEL AND GALVANIZED WIRE, FOUNDRY RIDDLES, COKE AND COAL SCREENS. W.S. TYLER, Pres. _E. H. ALLEN, See, & Treas CLEVELAND. OHIO. “THORN WIRE HEDGE CO. STEEL BARB WIRE FENCING. CAMBRIA IRON CO,, JOHNSTOWN, po ae Sf <- , WITTENBERG 7 T07868 WIRE, WIRE CLO TH, WIRE ROPE Counter Railings, Window Guards, Iron and Wire Fences, Plain and Barbed F. enemy Wire. ROOF CRESTING, Tower Ornaments, Vanes, and Stable Fittings. Sharp, Short, Rigid Barb, “Ss. & C.” — PHILADELPHIA OFFICE: 523 Arch Street. CHICAGO OFFICE: Best Steel. Painted and Galvanized. “Kelly” Yielding FULL LINE OF EACH MANUFACTURED BY Steel Points. 202 First National Bank Building. I fj a] Wir Ir DETROIT ational Wire & Ion LO., “inics, Best Wire Made. (No. 142.) Send for Catalogue, stating your wants. Liberal Discounts to the Trade Does Not Lacerat- Stock = THompson McCosu, President. Joun A, McCosa, Sec’y and Treas. Estab’d 1#18, Incorp’d 1874. THE GILBERT & BENNETT MFG. CO. ; WAREHOUSES : 42 Cliff St., New York. 228 Lake St., ( hicago, Ills. MANUPACTURFRS OF sm Iron & Galvanized Wire > Mlieves and Wire Cloth Power Loom Painted and Gal vanized Window Screen Wire Cloth, Galvanized Wire Clotr for Drying Fruits Warld’s Gail vanized Web Wire Fence, Gal vanized Twit Wire Poultry Netting, Factories, Georgetown, Conn. (itis Company,|NIEN-TSI CHINESE LACQUER ke Manufactured by ALBERT ASSMAN & SONS. 26 Broadway, New York. UNEQUALLED FOR DURABILITY, Prevents Iron, Steel, Brass, Nickel, Copper. Silver, Bronze and all compositions from corroding. Also resists dampness, KEROSENF OIL 4 ' i and FLY SPECKS. Can be applied without heating metal. This company is now prepared to issue licenses LLE fur the use of the several Patents owned by them Sole Agents, H. S A N & CO., / 1? John St. New York. These Patents cover processes for the produc-| wouid call speci attention to manufacturers of Agricultural Implements, Machinery and Architectural tion of “ Mitis Castings"? in Wrought Iron and | tron Works. ple and Prices sent on application. Steel, and improvements in furnaces for melting Re e—EeE—————eEEE—EEEEE—————————E and heating. j The Mitis Castings made in accordance with the , nventions covered by these Patents retain in evere respect all the valuable qualities of The most perfect Antt- Friction Hanger im the Market, the Wrought Iron and Steel (Scrap) from which BECCA UsH they are made, do not require annealing, can be ‘“*Red Star.” McCosh Iron & Steel Co, MANUFACTURERS, iC’ IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS. ny Covered with Celebrated Kelly Point. adress THORN | WIRE HEDGE CO., CHICAGO. THE UNITED STATES Otllees, Factories and Warchouses, ora | BOUNDARY, OSBORN AND AGENCY STREETS, BURLINGTON, IOWA. The above cut represents Preston's Patent Braided Cable Wire Fence Rail, manufactured by th: i It is made of steel throughout, except the wheel hi welded and worked under the hammer 4s well as | steelaxle. It will not break. It is practically free trom ae It HOLLOW CABLE MPG. CO., Hornelisville, N. ¥. We also manufacture extensively the raw materials. wigan “6? oS ene neleetens Se = It ogres po ott, It has a broad | ‘our different sizes Wire Clothes Lines. Send for Circulars and Price Lista. a 2 ie - vi e : ee Full particulars furnished on application, at. | oi | durable. It may be used with any track. It is alweys in ontor O. 8. CHAMBERLAIN, 55 Dearborn St., Chicago, III. a nel ; U LANE’S PATENT TRACK . W. F. DURFEE > v4 Is made of Door hu oasiy put in Eomtien. Catches and holds ae oe no snow or ice oor hung thereon cannot jump the track. Is not General Manager, » subject to decay uires no fitting, but is ready at 7 S C H * oom 67. 26 Broadway, be used with ee other manufacture. " — it B LLI NG S as N 135 e mania e al! ONN. NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF STANDARD MACHINE WRENCHES SINGLE AND DOUBLE END IN 16 SIZES. Th DROP FORGED OF BARSTEEL J | TAKING NUTS FOR/4INCH , UPTO AND INCLUDING | NUTS FORIA INCH BOLTSA & WIRE NAIL MACHINES! nis taunt toon some 1 toon vo Steal PHOSPHOR-BRONZE For Bearings, Slide Valves. Cylin- der Rings, Cross-Head Gibs, Steps, Bushings, and all purposes where MARKS: Maximum Durability, Anti- Frictional For prices and particulars address the Manufacturers, J and Non-Cutting Qualities are desir- able. Pump Rods, Bolts and Nuts, BIRMINGHAM IRON FOUNDRY, Machine and Wood Sc &e., & FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS, 5 Combine Toughness, Strength, Dura- . bility and Resista ‘orrosion. __ SIRWEEBEAM cows: "| + Fieuphe Bonze, + \eowtat oa tte bo one a E.T. BARNUM, for pamphlet and prices. saxorscronen |THE PHOSPHOR-BRONZE SMELTING (CO., LTD., Thoroughly Tested and in Suc- cessful Operation. WICKWIRE BROTHERS, CORTLAND, N. ¥Y.. MANUFACTURERS OF WirRE CLOTH AND W IRE Goops IRE AND No. 512 Arch Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Dish Covers, IRON WOR | Ow Ow pers of | the U. 8. Phosphor-Bronze Patents. Sole Manufacturers of Phosphor-Bronze in the U. 8. “CORTLAND” Corn Poppers, Detroit, Mich. VHS SCRLESRATES INDOW Coal Sieves, SCREE Flour Sieves, Etc., Etc. eerie tintin 6s [- IR [- = > gy The Popular ore ~ j V | N | S H f ster. oe of the world. a on vor sade by all gars in U.S.A | Galvanized POULTRY NETTINGS. : Br THE PARLOR een” | FOR SALE BY THE HARDWARE TRADE. ext THB sect. Metallic Coal Sieve, oe . ‘ae Rial S ee a CS ie ee - - -Ser_ en eat Repl SF te dee Ali. wt om mow Feo e =< —_ ww THE IRON AGE. December 9, issg, W. D. WOOD & CO., L'd,! JAMES P. WITHEROW O x F O R D PITTSBURGH, PA. 4 shall Lefferts & Co., OGDEN & WALLACE, |Ma 90 Beekman 8t., New York City. Pri i ae seme Se IRON AND NAIL CO.. Engineer & Contractor [ron == Steel Galvanized Sheet Iron, Cut Nails | Lewis hes Pa | Agents for Park, Brother & Co.’s Galvanized Wire, Telegraph and Fence ; Galvanized Hoop and Band Iron. Galvanized Rod and Bar Iron, B LA C K D I A M O N D ST E E L. ee Nails, Galvanized Chain. Galvanised [ron All sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel con ee ; stantly on hand, CORRUGATED SHEET IRON For Roof®g, &c,,Galvanized, Plain or Painted. PIERSON & CO., | nest crarcoat, Best Refined and Common 24 10 27 West Street, New York, SHEET IRON. WHITWELL FIRE-BRICK STOVES AND CLAPP-GRIFFITHS PATENTS FOR MANJFACTURE SPIKES. J. 8. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NwEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF PATENT Planished Sheet Lron. OF SOF? STEEL. specially adapted for A No 1 Boiler Plates 2, 6 : c 0°.) P iD] I H Clie Shatting ‘ LATE AND ANK RON, - ; eof Mamtee Apett 8th. 1873 ; Sept. oth, 1873 : Oct. C. No. 1, C. H. No. 1, C: H: No.1 Flange, Best Flange, BURDEN’S uth iay7; Feb, 6th ity Dec te sa, | Boiler Rivets, Wire Rods, Stay Bolts Best Flange Fire Box, Circles. Jan. roth, 1882 ; Jan. rst. 1884 ; Feb. rath, 1834: | ° ; le tate : March 4th, 1884 ; Jan. 6th, 1885. Stamping Ware, Nail Plates, &c. ALL SIZES AND LENGTHS LN STOCK ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF ~~ | IRON WORK GALVANIZED OR TINNED TO ORDER. "ABEL BROTHERS, [oes r= ESTABLISHED 1765, B. FF. JUDSON, Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, and at a less price. Apply for Discount, Will contract to completely erect, equi; and place in operation Blast Furnace Whit well Stoves and Steel Plants as above. \s HORSE SHOES. . - >} < y ~ d Dealer i ALSO {ron * Merchat its, eee — Common, Refined Charcoal and Juniata I manufacture at our own works everything oan rae - ‘ NEW YORK SCOTCH AND AMERICAN GRADES oF | appertaining to Blast Furnace and Stee! os ; ” 5 66 B u rd en Best BLACK SHEET IRON.| Works construction, can guarantee prompt Smooth on both sides. ness and satisfaction. ‘ > Pi Iron CAT ASAUQUA IRON. wane & CAST SCRAP IRUN, Large Assortment of Extra Heavy Sizes on Hand, “ARM CO.?? SHAFTING. OLD METALS: SYRACUSE (Manhattan Rolling Mil. MALLEABLE IRON| J. LEONARD, Iron Also general qesortinont of Nocway, Ulster ane 457 & 459 Water St.,| ORK. gard seg Bow. sok Ane toons 333 & 288 Gout Se: iNEW ¥ Bo; — oiler Rivets. : | A. R. WHITNEY & CO worms, 177 & 179 Bank su. NEW YORK [i , avai OF AND DEALERS Im 4 HICKS & DICKEY, — oe ag: - HOR SE SHOE. IRON ’ ‘ Mower and Reaper Castings ancl | 10¢ Calk steel, Rods, ovals, Half Ovals and Flats Carriage Irons a Specialty. | HENRY KELLY, W. B. BURNS, Proprreror.| PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT, 923 Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA, Pa. EVERSON HAMMOND & CO Specialty’ Iron and Steel Manufacturers’ Cost ’ ' Accounts and Partnership Settlements. LIMITED, Late Chief Accountant to Cambria jron Compary PITTSBURGH, PA,, Howard, Childs & Co., Sheet Steel]|Commission Merchants, Room 20, Lewis Block, Pittsburgh, Pa. | /ron and Steel of all Descriptions, OPEN-HEARTH STEEL, INGOTS and BILLETS.| Iron and Steel Nails, Heavy Hardware, SHEET IRON, All Grades. Coa Hods, Dripping Pans, &c. as a oe Pittsburgh Manufactured Goods of all Kinds. CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON ROOFING & SIDING, ey EP ee eagreenone, Correspondence solicited. Prices on application 413 Commerce St., PHILA., PA. lron, Steel & Forgings STEEL. CASTINGS. / lron and Steel AGENCIES: PORTAGE TRON CO., Limited, Merehant Iron and | Soft Steel and Cut Nails and Spikes. NORWAY STEEL & IKON OO,, Homogeneous Steel Plates BAY STATE IRON CO., Tank, Boiler and Girder Plates BRANDYWINE ROLLING MILL. Boiler Plates. GLASGOW TUBE WORKS. Boiler Flues. A. M. BYERS & CO., Wrought Iron Pipe. CARNEGIE BROS. & CO., Limited, Iron and Steel Beams, Channels, Shapes and Shafting. BROOKLYN WIRE NAIL CO., Steet Wire Nails THE CHESTER PIPE AND TUBE CO. THE BURDEN IRON CO. TROY, N. Y. MERCHANT IRON & SOFT STEEL. COLD ROLLED & TURNED SHAFTING. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., Iron Merchants, Cor. ALBANY & WASHINGTON STS., NEW YORK CITY. AGENCIES : CROWN & CUMBERLAND STEEL CO., CAST TOOL STEEL. HARTMAN STEEL CO., Ltd.. Tire, Toe, Sleiwh, Machinery, Spring Stee &c. CHARLES L, BAILEY & CO., Chesapeake Nails. HARTMAN STEEL CO,, Ltd., Stee! Wire Nails. Wm. H. Wallace. Wm. Bispham. 6. C. Wallace. WM. McFARLAND, lron and Brass Founder, For Roofing and Corrugating. P. O. BOX 33. Borden & Lovell,|—__.___ —.. — ale ea JOHN FOX, 70 & 71 L.N. LOVELL, | TRENTON, N. J. CG. A. GREENE, New York. REELAN and Water Pipe. - 4 Desveapentraes see, | ee Cast Iron Gas Pe | Chilled Cast Wire Dies a Specialty, E. JENCKES ee eee 2 to 48 Inches Diameter, Any size or style made at short notice, ae . MANFG. CO., Bn PAWTUCKET, R. L., a doi aol 2 Bright Wire Goods, Belt Hooks, | SPRING PINS, KEYS AND COTTERS. ’ Bent Wire Goods of all kinds a Specialty. é New VYerk Ofice, SS Chambers Street, SAMUEL A. HAINES. Selling Agent FALL RIVER IRON WORKS CO.'S |... proaDWAY, NEW YORK. Nails, Bands, Hoops and Rods. DANVILLE NAIL & MFG. CO.’S JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO,, Iron Buildings, Roofs, Shutters, Doors, Cornices, Skvlights. Bridges, &c. MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO., 3 Dey Street. NEW YORE. NAILS AND SPIKEs. IN CO. ‘2 SCOTCH AND AMERICAN SS a ee SS BORDEN MIN 6G GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, Jr, Prest JOHN CALDWELL, Treas T. W. WELSH, Sup’. H. H. WESTINGHOUSE, Gen’! Agt. W. W. CARD, Secy. TT = Westinghouse Air-Brake Co. § PITTSBURGH, PA., VU. S.A. ; MANUFACTURERS OF THE WESTINGHOUSE AUTOMATIC BRAKE, Westinghouse Locomotive Driver ‘ Brake, Vacuum Brakes (Westinghouse & Smith Patents), ; CUMBERLAND COAL. PIG IRON, IMPORTED & AMERICAN|y, 63 wall St., New York. PIG IRON. panic F. Cooney, LAKE SUPERIOR CHARCOAL IRON,| 88 Washington St., New York, For Mauioabie and carWheet Furvomes | IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATES 4 SPECIALTY. GLASGOW IRON CO. PINE IRON WORKS. FOR WATER AND Gas, CHARLES HIMROD & CO., ALLISON BOILER FLUES. CLG AS eee es P A P E R PA I LS LAMP POSTS, VALVES, ETC. ‘a - y ; Mathew’s Pat. Anti-Freezing Hydrants. ie , R.D. W000 & CO. PHILADELPHIA Manufacturers of Cast Iron Pipe WESTINGHOUSE FREIGHT BRAKE. utomatic Freight Brake Is essentially the same apparatus as the Automat dead cars, except that the various parts are so combined as to form practicaliy cae tor mechanism, and is sold at a very low price. The saving in accidents, flat wheels, braksason'e’ woe aud the iperensed speed possible with perfect safety, will repay the cost of its application within 400 CHESTNUT STREET - in beautiful assorted colors. JOIN BROWER, rt time. a verhe ne Automatic ” has proves ieelt to be o most oficlens Tyete 5 ond Safety Brake known, Its lication is instantaneous ; it can be operated from any car e n if desired, and should = te, or hose or pipe fail, it applies automatically. A GUARANTEE is given ‘customs A. GARRISON, J,H.RICKETSON, | WM, HOLMES, Tast loss trom PATENT SUITS on the a Bs . GAR ., | seainat Sar / | i 81 Murray Street. A. GAR RIS ON = SP The WESTINGHOUSE BRAKE is now fitted to upward of Stee an 7 BOLT & RIVET CLIPPERS. Eagle Iron Works, oe 10.0 Cita e arco Ph fg Oe bg WILKES BARRE, PA. (7; h il] ec R () | | g — hers caieat jo bara, of bend Yor i = >] FULL INFORMATION FURNISHED ON APPLICATION, | BOTH SOLID AND HOLLOW, Wrouzht-Iron Fencing of any design. Builders CHAMBERS, BROTHER & CO., ona 8 B oa | Ironwork. Adam's Metallic Picket Fence Coal, ofud 5St., BeLow LancasTeR AVE., Sand and Gravel Screens. Send for Circulars and + PHILADELPHIA, PA. Price List. PASSAIC ROLLING MILL Co. ousiguniiaiensine Ore and Clay Pulverizers, Rotary Squeezers, Haskin’s Patent Double Spiral Pinions, aud Roll- ing Mill Castings of every description, Office, Nos. 10 & 12 WOOD ST., PITTSBURGH, PA. ~ RHODE ISLAND HORSE SHOE Co, fF Horse, Mule & Snow Shoes ww: Perkins Pattern, Manufacture and have always in stock cnet R O L L E D | RO N B E A M S Works at Valley Falls, R. |. Office, 31 Exchange Place, Providence, R, |. 5 * . S +, W. CARPENTER, President. ©. H. PERKINS, Gen’! Manager. R. W. COMSTOCK, Seoretary, Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, . ’ Sesser ee ‘ Forgings, Eye Bare, &c., CLOSES ON OUTSIDE OF NOSE Only single Ring ever invented Only Double Ring Invented. that closes on outside of the nose . BROWN'S Ill Reade $t., New York, STEEL AND IRON MAILS. Bonnell, Botsford & Co., IRON, MAILS AND SPIKES YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, Elliptical Ring and Triple Groove Hog and Pig Ringer l » a, single ams that closes on PATERSON, N. J. > Room 45, Astor House, New York. CUT NAILS, Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &e. “e Champion Hog Ringer RINGS and HOLDER. g The only Hing that will effectu ly keep Hogs ai om rooting. No ote ¢ sharp points in the nose. pointe in the Gech to hoop hee OHAMBERS, BERING & QUINLAN ©0,, Exclusive Manufacturers, Decatur, Ill. J, M. SCHOONMAKER, | MANUFACTURER AND SHIPPER OF CONNELLSVILLE Oapacity of Mines, 2500 Tons Daily. Siding connections with all lines of Railroads. Office. 120 Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. DOVER IRON CO.'s Boiler Rivets, Boiler Brace Jaws, Socket Bolts, BAR IRON. FULLER BROTHERS & CoO., 139 GREENWICH S8T.. NEW YORK VARIETY METAL BOOM. iron Foundry and Machine Shop. STEAM HEATING BY DIRECT RADIATION PRAS. B. BANNAN, Pottsville, Schuylkill Co., Pa. ctor, 'OVES ACTURE r Plates Bolts ée, t, equiy ce Whit ve, \s erything nd Stee] prompt- Mill. J, (ORK ION, Filais, Vs ANT, Pa. ers’ Cost nts. ompar y >O., nts, tions, ware, nds. lication CO. oks, rERS. alty. ‘treet, H, Supt. 1 /0, ir CE. uke for ylece of wages, within rn. Its uld the ‘tomers retary. vented e nose ng Ringer ge8 ON sharp it sore. ir, Til. ° December 9, 1886. THE IRON AGE. - winLLitan RR. BART c& co., JUSTICE COX, Jr. CHARLES K. BARNS. EDWARD J. ETTING ND IRON BROKER & COMMISSIGN MERCHANT, | JUSTICE COX, JR.,, & CO,, SA NRIGAN I R ON N Ky R E S __ITALIAN ___ a + ay guetcaey RM EGAD tho, CATASAUQUA. WP. C0. OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &c. Axent for the Mount Savage Fire Brick. Eastern Penna,, West New Jersey and Delaware. AGENT FOR IRONDALE FURNACE, PRESTON COUNTY, W. VIRGINIA. Foundry and Forge Pig STORAGE, WHARF anp YARD, bove Callowhill St., oad. - MOHICAN PIG TRON. | A superior iron for ordinary Bessemer work, comparing favorably with English West Coast Hematites. CASTLE PIG IRON. » Finest Steel (phosphorus uniformly low, sel- dc ym reaching .o3 per c ent., and Silicon from 1 per cent. upward, according to re- | quirements of buyers). Bessemer, Basic and Open- Hearth Steel Slabs, Billets, Plates and Bars to specifications furnished. ee Old Iron and Steel Rails, Crop Ends, Spiegeleisen, Ferromanganese, &c 226 Walnut Street, - ~ PHILADELPHIA. Cambria steel. STEEL RAILS, STANDARD AND LIGHT WEIGHTS, STREET RAILS ano RAILWAY FASTENINGS, Bessemer and Open-Hearth Blooms, Billets and Bars, steel Axles, Steel Angles Steel Castings, Steel Forgings. CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, Office, 218 S. Fourth St. Philadelphia. The Phoenix Iron Co., 410 WALNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Lron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. Iron, steel, Bars, Poiler, Tank and Bridge Plates; Skelp, Angles and Shapes; Chek +s, Montgomery Conewago and Alice Furnaces. BwPIiSGC IRON for Foundries and Mills. FORGE CO., Lto,. Iron and Sieel Forgings; Every shape. Fourth Street, - Iron. ERIE Delaware Avenue connected by track with rail CASH ADVANCES MADE ON IRON, 224 South Phila., Pa. erome Keeley & Co., 206 Walnut Place, Phila., Selling Agents for CHARCOAL and ANTHRACITE BLOOMS, PIG TRON, BAR TRON, SHEET IRON, STEEL and IKON RAILS. [RON CLAD STEEL RAILS and BARS, MAGNETIC and HEMATITE IKON OREs, FIRE BRICK, COAL and COKE, MUCK BARS. Handle Old tron and Steel Rails, Scrap tron, &c. Examine and negotiate sales of Iron and Coal properties. JAS G. LINDSAY. THOS. 8. PARVIN, LINDSAY, PARVIN & CO., 328 Walnut St., Phila., lron and Steel — Material FOR ALL PURPOSES. Estimates furnished for lron and Steel Structures and Rallway construction Correspondence solicited with railroad contractors. L. & R. WISTER & CO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 257 So. 4th Bt., Philadelphia. AGENTS Kemble and Norway Foun:ry and Forge Pig Iron. Wyebrooke C. B. Charcoal Pig Iron, Ferguson Red Short Pig Iron. DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF SCRAP IRON. MORRIS, WHEELER & CO., Iron, Steel and Nails. WAREHOUSE & OFFICES, | 16th & Market Sts., | 400 Chestnut St., PHILA., PA. | PHILA., PA. New York Address, 14 CLIFF ST. HENRY LEVIS & CO., Manufacturers’ Agents For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and Sheet Iron and General Railway Equipments, Old Rails, Axles and Wheels bought and sold, E. H. Wilson A. Kaiser. J.B. M. Hirons E. H. WILSON & CO., 222 and 224 South Third St, Philadelphia, BROKERS AND DEALERS IN IRON ano STEEL. Correspondence solicited. J, W. HOFFMAN & CO,, [RON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 208 South Fourth st., Philadelphia. Works, Johnstown, Pa, Selling Agents PINE [RON WORKS, Plates ; GLASGOW IRON CO., Plates and Muck Bars; SPRANG STEEL & IRON CO. (Limited), Siemens Martin (Open-Hearth) Steel, Universal and Sheared Plates, Angles and Shapes. JNO. L. HOGAN, IRON COMMISSION MERCHANT, 216 SOUTH FOURTH ST., PHILA. ig Iron & Ores, Stee! & Iror B oonis Agent for Brier Hilllron and Cval Co., Youngstown Steel Co. Open Hearth Metal, Charcoal Lron, Conne 7 Coke, Old Rails, Scrap, &c. SALES OFFICES, Pine Brand Wrought Iron Roof Trusses, Girders and Joists, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the con- - struction of Fire-Proof Buildings : Patent Ww rought Iron Columns, Weldless Eye Bars, and Built-up Shapes for Iron Priuges. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and Every Variety of SHAPE IRON Made to order. Pians and Specifications furnished, Address DAVID REEVES, President. FOR BEST MILL New York Agents, MILLIKEN, SMITH & CO., 61 Liberty St. . . PRODUCTS. Boston Agents, HOUDLETTE & DUNNELS, 272 Franklin St. eee over I r'o Andover Chill Iron —_—__—__——. } Frank K. Esherick Barclay W. Cotton, for Carwheels, &c Each Pig marked exact chill depth (34 In. to % In.), ES H E R I Cc K & C O "> A. Whitney & Son’s standardtest. 263 So. 4th ST. PHILADELPHIA F. A. COMLY, Treas. 240 So. 3d St., Phila. e ° J. WesLEY PULLMAN, Agent. lron and Steel of All Description. [iWon Selling Agents for Cleveland City Forge and iron Co. SALOM & WESTESSON, Forgings; Central Iron and Steel Works, Plates of a. : } Philadelphia Testing Laboratory, Iron and Steel ; Danville Nail and Mfg. Co., Iron and Steel Nails, Boiler Tubes; Bridge, Car and Boat 2088 SOUTH FOURTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA ALAN WOOD COMPANY, MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Kefined, Cleaned and Charceal Bloom PLATE «& SHEET IRON, ALSO LIGHT PLATES AND SHEETS OF STEEL, No. 519 Arch Street. Philadelphia, Pa, ited jially for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, oo = = & and Boat free ¢ Last, Stamping, Ferrule Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Lron, WwW. H.WALBAUM & CO., 206 S. Fourth Street, Philadelphia. NEW AND OLD RAILS. BLOOMS. BESSEMER PIC. Crop Ends, Spiegeleisen, Iron Ores and Railroad Supplies Generally. AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR T'HE NORTH LONSDADE IRON & bi CO., Limited, Bessemer Pig Iron, brand “Ulverston ;” PepRo G SALOM, a temnpanieines a Spec — by Bes J. MOHR, 430 WALNUT ST., PHILA. PA, SOLE AGENT FOR Analytical and Consulting Chemists, Assayers and Metallurgists, Physical Testing. Estabiishbed 6 b0Ct. Sheridan, Leesport, Temple, Lynch- burg, Millcreek and Mt. Laurel A. WHITNEY & SONS, omit’ PIG TRON atiwe/CAR WHEEL WORKS, CHARCOAL PIG IRON. PHILADELPHIA, Also Woodbridge Clay Mining Co.'s Fire Brick. Special Wheels for Furnace and Mine Cars, “ ™ ‘ wot hy HEMATITE TRON & STEEL CO, Limited, Splegelsen. Crop Ends, THE ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILLS, Also for ** Lorn” Malleable Charcoal Pig Iron and N. & CO.’S5 D Fire Bricks. MANUFACTURERS OF Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn-Tables. Goncent Office, 237 South Third St., Philadelphia. PENCOYD IRON WORKS, A. & P. ROBERTS & CO., ——MANUFACTURERS BEAMS, CHANNELS, DECK BEAMS, ANGLES, TEES, PLATES, MERCHANT BAR, Shafting and Rolled or Hammered Axles of Iron or Steel, Office, No. 265 S. Fourth St., Phil.delpnia. Agency Fire-Brick Hot-Blast Stove Co. GORDON, STROBEL & LAUREAU ENIGINEERS, No. 226 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. (Formerly of Witherow & Gordon, Pittsburgh, Pa.) BLAST FURNACE CONSTRUCTION, STEEL WORKS CONSTRUCTION. SPECIALTIES: Gordon's Patent Improved Whitwell-Cowper Stoves, Gordon's Patent Con- verter for Treating Molten Iron, Improved Regenerative Furnaces, Coke Regenerative Ovens, Blast