The Iron Age 1885-12-24: Vol 36 Iss 26

lote y ot list Ny The Iron Ag INDEX TO READING MATTER A PAGE 32 Published Vol. XXXVI: every No the Manipulation of Heavy Forgings.* BY T. PUTNAM, [In dealing with t rs | propose he subject of heavy forg r to confine f a steamship—viz., I 1dder. It a vessel as the stern frame and rudder hould be reliable as to strength and sound- ‘ss. This reliability is dependent upon the methods adopted in their construction. too little attention has been paid to this subject by consequence is been serious losses in the shipping world through the giving way of imperfectly made I am informed | regret to say that until lately chiefly interested: the those stern frames and rudders. by Lloyd’s that during the last three years, ry, 3.— Model of Seary. nthe East Coast alone, roken frames have come under their notice id in one week recently no less than seven | amers put into port with defective wee frames. These facts deserve serious thought. | \ steamer at sea with a broken shaft may veather through, but with her steering- wer gone she is a very helpless affair. The cause of these failures, and how to revent such occurring, I will endeavor to snow. First, I will deal briefly with the general practice in the manufacture of the forgings fa stern frame, which is made up by three eparate pieces—the forward piece A, the after piece B, and the keel-piece C, Fig. 14. | | | | | | ‘he forgeman commences the forward piece by making a butt, A, on the porter or carry- ing-bar B, Fig. 7; on the top of this butt a number of slabs are laid, with small blocks t iron between each slab to insure thorough eating. After being heated they are ham- mered down and a similar arrangement of | slabs laid up on the opposite side of the butt. ‘his is repeated alternately until a square mass of solid iron is laid up sufficient to form the boss, which is then rounded under the hammer. A steel punch is now driven } ' . Paper read before the Cleveland Institution of -Ogineers, England, Thursday the limits of this uper to such as are used in the construction the stern frame and hardly necessary to remark that such important factors to the safety of Review of the Morning by Davip WILLIAMs, . 26. Hard\ Iron No. 83 ae, Reade New York. Street, New York, Thursday, December Entered at Metal New and the Post Office, 24, 1385. York, as Trades. through the center of the mass, and the sufficient amount of silicon combined with | welding the keel-piece on to the forward and arch or upper portion of the forward piece, the iron to form a fusible cinder, a proper after pieces. Three-quarters of an inch i drawn out, as shown in Fig. 7. Inthe case flux is used. The reason of this will be to. usually allowed for screwing ; as soon as the of large frames having double posts the many present obvious. In heating iron a pieces have been drawn up this amount it is upper part-is forged as shown in Fig. 15, the certain amount of scale is formed through assumed that the weld is perfect The arch being afterward bent to the required oxidation of the furnaces in contact with frame is brought from the fire to the anvil, radius by the smith. This enables the the atmosphere. This scale, when consisting | and a few blows are struck on the side of the largest frame to be made in three pieces, in- of pure oxide of iron, is infusible at a tem- | scarf with a three-handed ‘ Johnny” ham stead of four, and sometimes five, the usual perature higher than the welding point, but mer, shown in Fig. 12 The unrelia practice. After finishing the upper end the if alloyed with silicon it is converted into an | bility of this process is apparent and is carrying-bar is cut off, the piece turned and the lower part drawn out. after piece iron is laid up in sufficient quan tity to enable the forgeman wing of the arch A, Fig. 16, away, the gudgeons C being forged on at the same time solid. The keel-piece, Fig. 8, is forged in a somewhat similar manner, the wings of the after and forward pieces being of a solid mass, as shown by the After drawing the cut out dotted] lines}’in}Fig. 8. Fig. 1.—Specimen D. In forging the to cut out the the post is drawn exceedingly fluid and fusible protoxide of iron, which under proper ure, correctly applied, is readily expelled ; the clean surfaces of iron are eontact and molecular cohesion takes place press Now, paying due consideration to this, to carry out the welding of two large sections of iron successfully the three chief points to aim at are: 1. To obtain a temperature on the surfaces to be welded that is effective 2. The arrangement of the two pieces ina fig. 4.—Spectmen E, THE something like 50! keel out the porter is cut off, the forging | manner that will enable the cinder to escape turned and the heel or lowest gudgeon shaped. You will notice that butts are left on each end and wing of the three forgings From the hammer the forgings are gener | ally passed direct to the smith, to be dressed to the required sizes. In well-regulated forges, however, this practice has been abolished, the forgings being machined in- stead. By machiping them, accuracy in working to the dimensions, which cannot be achieved by hand labor, is obtained. In ad- dition, the repeated heating tending to ren- der the iron granular in structure, and cold hammering by the smith, necessary to pro- duce an even surface, but which is apt to make the iron brittle, are avoid. The forg ings are now ready to be welded together, but before describing the processes by which this is effected it will be advisable to con sider what is to be attempted, and the diffi culties that have to be encountered. Wrought iron has a characteristic property of assum- ing a soft, pliable condition through a long range of temperature below 2000° C., its melting point, which enables two separate pieces to be united together or welded. At a bright white heat this process can be so successfully accomplished that it is impos sible to discover where the union has been effected, provided that, if there is not a MANIPULATION OF HEAVY 3. That the pc oe applied to expel the cinder is sufficient. To the heating too much atten- tion cannot be paid. If the temperature be too low, the intervening cinder being in a viscous condition, its entire extrusion can not be effected, and the outer edges of the bars are the only portions welded, the center of the bar being quite unsound. Specimen } C, Fig. 5, shows this distinctly. On the other hand if the temperature is too high, and through this the bar is, to use a technica! term, burnt, the iron becomes unworkable and cannot be welded. I can now deal with the final and most critical part of the whole process, viz., the finishing of the frame by the smith putting the forgings together. In the practice most prevalent—that is, hand-welding by means of screws—the smith commences by cutting short searfs, as shown in Fig. 9, allowing very little excess for waste during heating, and, acting upon the assumption that what was good enough for welding engine tires would be good enough for a stern frame, he effects a weld by continually tight- ening the screws, thus drawing the two pieces together while in the fire. Fig. 10 shows the arrangement of the screws and tie-rods for effecting the weld in the arch, and Fig. 11 the arrangement of the same for silicate of brought into !in the fire that it well stated at the now perfectly for the reasons ment of this paper, it still continues in force in a very great number of forges In the first place, on account of the small amount of material left on the parts to be welded over the finished size of the frame, if the heating is continued for the requisite time—that is, until the scarfs or interior of the bar are at a welding temperature—the known: vet, chiefly commence outer edges of the bar have wasted so much FOR‘ iINGS, is below the required size therefore neither the shipbuilder nor Lloyd's would pass it. Consequently, to insure a full-sized section in the finished frame in order to pass survey, it frequently happens that the heating is not prolonged sufficiently to allow a welding heat to be obtained in the center. Again, the scarfs or butts being so short, or, rather, the angle on the inside of the scarf points being so great, any force applied on the side of the frame only tends to open the weld instead of further cement ng it Thirdly, from the time the two parts to be welded begin to heat until th frame is brought to the anvil the screws are kept going by the smith, thus tight the faces of the scarfs Now this screwing, ent works where ening ip I am told at the differ it isin vogue, really affs Hand-hammering is merely a »o far as the ham the weld secondary consideration. mering is concerned this is correct ; bu hand sc useless, but absolutely aoe cess of the weld, for the simple reason that the cinder originally on the face of the scarfs after cutting, and that formed during the heating, remained there when the frame is supposed to be finished The searf faces are close together at the commenc f the by being screwed up they are kept in large sections rewing 1s not yerous to the su ement < heat rit fF Second-Class VER seein PAGE 149. Matter, & LAO L dear, Lneludlng Losltages Stuvgle ¢ opee S, Zen Cents. lose contact during the heat, and, however fluid the cinder may be, there is no means rr way by which it can escape: there it remains, an impenstrable and effectual bar- rier to metallic contact To these grounds more particularly the latter, stern-frame failures may be attributed, and. knowing how repeated and numerous were the welded by failures f engine tires screw pressure, can it be a matter of surprise that stern frames with sections from 30 up to rs square inches come to grief ¢ In fact, is it not possible, taking into consideration the enormous strain thrown upon a stern frame by heavy seas striking the rudder of a heav ily laden steamer, that the increasing num ber of cases in which steamers leave port never to be heard of again, may be ascribed to this careless method, for, the stern frame failing, the rudder goes, leaving the vessel at the mercy of the wind and waves. iW. § Specimen C a ’ iand B, I will now attempt t t Vv ( how this lefective welding can be overcome and actuall - er f Several irs ayo the firm with w I ar nnected had sion t leal w 80! irge | s of which had been led & v3 in the manner already described \ series f tests was applied ; the unsatisfactory result decided to our minds at the butt j haud-welded by s ws wa A wrong pr tice W le led, t efor l max ‘ & series rt t ‘ I I airy 5 inder a powe am hamna ] sults otained were s& ~ af that w ame to the lusion that ain proy er! velded stern fram« ! a ) put dow a hammer and ‘ designed to admi a stern fra - ur 3 and allow 7 4 rt imi es ar part i was dor hamme I n is 4 a pa r Tee ‘ and ards The piston-r ‘ and ~ i fall {I 4 feet vi ‘ 4 De side of the piston the blow 8 equa foot-tons By this a k prepar ng for welding, the scarfs of the frame are it as sl wn ft t I and DY Fig. 13 rt ar i nter 7 x wu Rk ot i - ia Le ANSONIA BRASS AND COPPER CO., MANUFACTURERS OF PURE COPPER WIRE, For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered, O'NEILS’S PATENT PLANISHED COPPER. Seamless Brass and Waterbury W.E. DODG! Copper Tubing, ESTABLISHED 1845. 7 r 4) ( Pres ¢. G. P. COWLES, V.-P. and ‘Treé A.A. OWLES Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, O’Neils’s Patent Nickel Plated Copper, &e., —IN— ’ Sheet, Roll and Pla‘ers’ Brass, German Silver, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, Brass and Copper Tubing, Ansonia Refined Ingo t Copper, 4 nehor Brand ; LAKE INGOT COPPER. —_—__ 19 & 21 CHM Street, NEW YORK. —_—_—————————— cussion Caps, Powder Flasks, Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Meas ures, &c., and small Brass Wares of every description. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. PHELPS DODGE & C0 Sole Agents for the CAPEWELL MFG. CO.’S ’ o9 Line of Sporting Goods. IMPORTERS OF DEPOTS: MILLS AT THE Roofing Plate, Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zinc, &c. SOLE MAKERS OF MANUFACTURERS OF COPPERASX® BRASS. CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. Under Patent of T. James, Sept. 12, 1876. ALSO MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN (Established 1802.) SCOVILL MFG. COMPANY Kettles, Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, &c. WATERBURY, - CONN., Manufacturers of ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS.—Sheet Brass, Brass Wire, Brass Tubing. GERM A) N ? Sheet German Silver, German Silver SILVER. § Wire, German Silver Tubing. Cast Steel Augers and Bits of Superior Quality. TT ? Narrow, Middle, Broad, Desk, Ship, BU INGES. 5 ‘Stop, Spring aud Piano-Forte. 294 Pearl St., Military, Naval, Livery, Society, Rall- r BUTTONS, ; road, School, Lasting, Silk and ‘Dress, DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & C0. DE POTS: COPPER, WIRE, ZINC, ETC., > Devonshire Street, Boston 29 and 31 Cliff St., cor. Fulton, 183 Lake Street, Chicago. | DICKERSON & CO.. Liverpool. +: IRON Eo ROOFING SIDING,CEILING, ARCHES4x° LATH. »CINCINNAT,.; CORRUGATING CO. + CINCINNATI, O. = SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. CHAMPION Horse Nails very best Ys VED CRED aI Esh LARGE HEADS CITY HEADS. Manufactured from SWEDISH METAL. Will uot spit. | Are accurately pointed, tough, strong and hold the shoes. Soft enough to clinch readily ; stiff enough to drive without bending. All nails uniform and perfect. They are used in thou- sands of shops with the best of satis- faction, and are especially liked by **floor-men"’ for their good, reliable | driving. Made in two patterns, “ LARGE HEADS’ and * CITY HEADs,”’ QUALITY CUARANTEED. LIST : Mon 4 68 G6 TF 8 8 8 50¢. 28e. Zoe. Ve. 2Z2e. Zle. 20¢e. HORSE NAIL CO.. Appleton. lowa Barb Wire Co.. ESTABLISHED 1837. CHAMPION Wis. New York. Hi. 8. CHASE, INOORPORATED 1876, Waterburv Mfg. Re, Co., WATERBURY, CONN., Brass Goods THE WIRE GOODS CO., Worcester. Mass. wis, Mill Wire Goods Belt Hooks, Double-Pointed Tacks and Staples, Wire hes Line Wire, He am 1 Kail Screws, &c.,&c. Wires cut, bent, milled, straightened red shape ders solicited from the Trade for the full hne of Screw : as Hardware Wi G ods. Quality guaranteed the best ip the market, : Nim ! f é made t wrder,. ee DAPMELER. preet, TOE WIRE COODS CO., Worcester, Mass. “aes” ‘2 THEIL BRON Brass Co, Copper Rivets and Burs, Brass Kettles, Door Rail, Brass Tags, Per- 296 Broadway, New York, WATERBURY, ] IN PLA l E 125 Eddy St., Providence R. I. _ CONN. New Haven Copper Co., POLISHED COPPER BRAZIERS’ & SHEATHING COPPER NEW YORK. LAMP t German Student Lamps, Kerosene Gvonds burners, Kerosene Lamps. IMPORTERS OF EMRE sr el eee 1TH PLATE, PIG TIN, SHEE GRAr Scovill’s Paten Lock Box for Post Offices. ’ ’ SHE T IRON, NEW YORK. Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, GEO, W, PRENTISS & CO,, IRON 98 Reade Street, Bright, Coppered, Annealed and Tin Plated. Also Of all sizes, straightened and cut to order. DROP PRESSES, by (St Bie THE PLUME & ATWOOD MFG. CO. | MANUFACTURERS OF Sheet and Roll Brass' AND WIRE, GERMAN SILVER AND GILDING METAL, | CUPPER RIVETS AND BURRS, COPPER ELECTRICAL WIRE. Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Burners, Pins, Chain, Lamp Trimmings, Se. Kerosene NEW YORK, BOSTON, CHICAGO. 18 MURRAY ST., 71 PEARL ST., 115 LAKE ST., Rolling Mill, Factories, —_ _THON ASTON, CONN. WATERBURY, CONN. BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO. MANUFACTURERS OF Sheet and Roll Brass, BRASS AND COPPER WIKE AND TUBING, SEAMLESS AND BRAZED TUBING, COPPER | AND IRON RIVETS, Oilers and Cuspadores, Lanterns and Trimmings, | Clocks and By Fan Movements, Lamps and Trimmings, Kerosene Burners, Plumbers’ Materials. | Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and manu.acturiug Metal Goods. MANUFACTORY, WAREHOUSE, Bridgeport, Conn. | 19 Murray St., N. ¥. Holmes, caida WATERBURY CONN. NEW YORK, 25 Park Place. 22 Murray St. BOSTON, 18 Fideral St. | Manufacturers of all kinds of Brass, Copper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. Brass and Copper Wire, Tubing, Copper Rivets and Burs. BRASS AND IRON JACK CHAIN, DUOR RAIL. GERMAN SILVER SPOONS, SILVER- PLATED FORKS AND SPOONS, KEROSENE BURNERS, XC. JOHN DAVOL & ‘SONS, AGENTS FOR Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony. Solder & Old Metals, 100 John Street, New York. PASSAIC ZINC CO. MANUFACTURERS OF Pure Spelter FOR AND ALL FINE WORK, Also for GALVANIZERS AND BRASS FOUNDERS. lll LIBERTY ST. (2d Floor), NEW YORK HOLYOKE, MASS, WIRE, Manufacturers of GUN SCREW WIRE 9 ‘BEECHER & PECK, MANUFACTURERS OF DROP FORGINGS, &c., NEW HAVEN, CONN.|No. 71. FULTON ST. = 704 & 7OG N. Main St., - - - ms 2 =~ pat @® Manufacturers of @o > & = —_ — is = GC = os —--0 a | cs = » = = eo > & * & “= oe be WIRE December 24, 1885 PHILIP L. MOEN, CHARLES F. WASHBURN, k President 4 Troasurer. Vice President & Secretary. Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. Established, 1831. Capital, $1,500,000 WORCESTER, MASS. Patent Galvanizing, Rolling and Tempering, MANUFACTURERS OF + IRON, AND IRON AND STEEL WIRE. _= Of Every Description. A SPECIALTY MADE OF GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE, GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WIRE, jE PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TIES, TH PATENT STEEL BARB FENCING, AND PUMP CHAIN. WAREHOUSES | Sib, SO neTatt'suce, A X Ss K A, it ABRAM 8S. HEWITT, President. WM. HEWITT, Vice-President. JAMES HALL, Treasurer. E,. HANSON, Secretary, THE TRENTON IRON COMPANY. (INCORPORATED 1847,) MAKEH®! OF IRON AND STEEL OF ALL GRADES. Bright, Annealed, Coppered, Tinned and Galvanized lron and Steel Wire Rods. Extra Qualities of Bar Iron and Rods Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; Crucible, Slemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. WIRE STRAIGHTENED AND ar TO LENGTHS. WORKS AND OFFICE, TK ENION, NEW JERSEY. ew YORK OFFICE: PHILADELPHIA OFFICE: COOPER, HE WITT & CO., 17 Burling Slip. | JOHN HEWITT. Agent, 2: North Fourth st Cuic AGO OFFICE: 146 Lake Street. WIRE ROPE HAZARD MFG CO. WAREROOMS : 97 Liberty St., New York. — Pa. | Br oder ick & Bascom Rope C0., 7 = BRODERICK& BASCOM ROPE Co. MANUFACTURERS OF IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE A. LESCHEN ct& SONS, O8 and 905 N. MAIN STREET, ST. LOUIS, MO. Ss. ES Manufacturer of Correspondence invited rr. “~ r TE yY —f ’ Of Brass. Cop and Sand Screens. rou Bolting Cloth. Wire Werk of every description. St. Louis, Mo. ( > 2 ( yy . I S Iron, Galvanized & Steel Wire, of a Meshes & Grade>. Iron and Steel Locomotive Spark Wire Cloth. Riddles for Expert and Foundry use. Coa! NEVwWw YTorRs: trtee COOK’S FRICTION Th Bi, cS m fail les. oal a ear. December 24, 1885. TH EK I R ON A G Hi. 8 0, LINDEMANN & CO, BIRD sned, Brass CAGES. Japs anned, Brass, Tin Plated and Wood CARY & MOEN, THE FRED, J, MEYERS MFG, CO, MANTTRACTURERS TEEL WIRE for all purposes and STEEL SPRINGS of every description. | COVINGTON, KY., Manufacturers of wr Ww ire Goons Oo EF 4a Tals RIN Ds. , v — = 4 = SS CORN SNS Sart a. >>) dye $$.95-9.9-9.$ 1) bbe eee Pt } 13) 1 ft 0 OE t=--eete+ + per i HHit wing yan = > ~ _ NS J SS ss rs “4 NS 2 i ag || | Ss S aT | | ~ bs ~ = - Ltt yt 1 tt tt fot He paar es “SHARP’S” PAT. CAN OPENER. oe er S 4 } 7 PoP Pe, NS RS ea This ts the easiest and most rapid cutting Can Opener ever made } Le ' re ae —~ Rg Ne | It can be used to open efther round or square can Ry turning with SS S } 4 > = < | the fingers the small ratchet on the end of the serew or spiral rod, | ry | A | 7 —- } . SS a the Knife or Cutter can be set to cut a hole any size from 6 In. to \ | are hs im. in diameter. The Knife is made of the finest forged and tempered steel, and on account of its pec ullar ‘iy er tet dnothnosh | Ss > = ‘oLatruction will cut the heaviest as well as the Iightest can. The Spiral Screw, as well as the Sticker on the f rt ' TI i} | J 1] t ni L” Ss > ud, are also made of steel, and the whole device finished first class In every respect, making this, without ds } - t | Hy i | ie question, the simplest, most durable and best Can Opener ever ae - —~ introduced ULE LAL ELAALLALRALALALLAL : | i, == | : ¥ naa g Ps , Our patent Oval Popper with round corners Is the we pan, _ > ~ = | a strongest and best Popper made Dealers desiring a tirst-class 54 PEARL STREET, NEW YORK. Market steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, Tempered and Covered. article should buy no oth % Wrought Iron Fencing, Cresting Also PATENT TEMPERED STEEL FURNITURE SPRINGS, constantly on hand. Mincing Knives and Hardware Spectalth end for Illustrated 234, 28 16 and 235 West 29th Street, NEW YORK, iwice 7 FON AND BRASS RIVETS, STUDS, PINS, SCREWS, &c. For Manufacturers of Light Hardware. Catalogue and Price List hi MESSE ovaxe f JOHNGON, Warcasunr, Con) AM MaMrTE Af | STEEL HARROW TEETH, SQUARE, DIAMOND, OVAL PLAIN OR HEADED. Successors TO W. S “TYLER, MANUFACTURERS OP BRASS, STEEL AND GALVANIZED WIRE, FOUNDRY RIDDLES, COKE AND COAL SCREENS. Ww. 8S. TYLER, Pres. FE. ll. ALLEN, See, & Treas CLs VELANO. OHIO. == =y ce pre net ye + eg W IRE, WIRE CLOT H, WIRE | ROPE Counter Railings, Window Guards, Iron and Wire Fences, Plain and Barbed Fencing Wire. : - NATIONAL WIRE * RON CO, GAUTIER STEEL DEPARTMENT DETROIT _ > ' . ’ MM Ex e9 of Cambria Tron Company, Johnstown, Pa. DRAWERS of Fine Brass and Copper Wire. ALSO WEAVERS OF 104 READE ST. 202 First Nat. Bank Building. "523 ARCH ST. | BRASS and COPPER CLOTHS. COOK’S FRICTION (8 Pounds) ‘YAQNIND AYAWS L ees THOMPSON McCOPFH, President. JOHN A, McCOSH, Sec. and Treas. te lied f » ’ , This grinder hz aoe 5 Pm cane 4c ‘orundum Wheel. | =— = = ———— Estab'd 1818. ey @ 1974 LIFTER AND R Kuns easity to required speed, viz. 3700; is light, weigh ae $$ —C— = . TH CARRIER g but 8 fbs.; small, occupying but little room ; can SS —_ = == ° be used wet or dry * is weil made, the ome and wheel — eee =——— Gilbert & Bennett Mfg. Co. CO} f charcoal iron’ with a hard-rubber friction pulley = ‘ = WAREHOUSES : which can instantly be adjusted to any required ten sion; spindle, steel, and is Just the article for grind « house and shop tools of every description. For prices address THE K. & W. MFG. CO., Chillicothe, O. Chicago Office, :o9 State Street. WIRE NAIL MACHINES (HARDMAN PATENT.) Thoroughly Tested and in Suc- N | EN-TSI CHINESE LACQUER, 42 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK, 228 LAKE ST., CHICAGO, ILLS., MANUFACTURERS OF , , i Iron & Galvanized Wire Sleves and Wire Cloth. Power Loom Painted and Galvan ized Window Screen Wire Cloth, Galvanized Wire Cloth for Dryin Fruits, Warid’s Galvanized Wen NO DANGER OF CUT- 1 TING HANDS OR TEAR ING CLOTHES. SAVES THE PRICE OF THE LIFTER MANY Wire Fence, Galvanized Twis' TIMES EVERY DAY. Wire Poultry Netting. Factories, Georgetown, Conn Manufactured Solely by cessful Operation. Manufactured by ALBERT ASSMAN & SONS, lilt UNEQUALLED FOR DURABILITY, Prevents Iron, Steel, Brass, Nickel. Copper. Silver, Bronze and : ° r prices and particulars address the Manufacturers, all compositions from cor roding. Also resists « dampness, KEROSENE OIL H k § | B b F C B | | and FLY SPECKS. Can be applied without heating metal. aw eye tee ar ence 0., ur ington, OwWd. Would call specia) attention to manufacturers of Agricultural Implements, Machinery and Architectural a lron Works. Sample and Prices sent on application. BIRMINGHAM IRON FOUNDRY, | Sole Peau H. S. ALLEN & CO., 112 John St., New York. Our Agents, John H. Graham & Co.,113 Chambers St., carry stock of our Lifters and will supply at Fact Paty prices. (FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS,) CONN. GEO. B. TURRELL, Pres., 75 Chambers St., New York. DUNCAN K. MAJOR, Treas., Torrington, Conn BIRMINGHAM, PATENT OFFICE, UNION HARDWARE COMPANY, The above cut represents Preston's Patent Braided Cable Wire Fence Rail, manufactured by the renee ss ESTABLISHED 1864. Torrington, Conn., U. 8S. _A. HOLLOW CABLE MFG. CO., Hornelisville, N. ¥. We also manufacture extensively x 2 Bri : — -—— four different sizes Wire Clothes Lines. Send for Circulars and Price Lists. ee & riesen, HJS CUT ILLUSTRATES nine od rentage being that Cc. S. CHAMBERLAIN, 55 Dearborn 8St., Chicago, Ill. OUR LATEST STYLE S82 and S4 Nassau St., CLUB SKATES NEW YORK. | For Rink and Private Use, heel, whether large or aaa small, without the use of straps. S2, Frosted Nickeled, ‘ Per Pair, $5.50. THE BILLINGS & SPENCER CO.HARTFORD, we a ; 4 | American and Foreign wrLEM Per Pair, $6.50. MANUFACTURERS OF | Manufacturers of Ice and Roller Skates and Specialties in Hardware. Wood Turners. and Elect ro-platers Sere DAR D MAC H | IN E WR 2 iN . is E S Pp A 7. E N — S | in Gold, Silver, Nickel and Brass. ESTIMATES FURNISHED FOR WOOD TURNING AND PLATING ON APPLICATION, SINGLE AND DOUBLE END Solicited promptly and at the lowest rates. | - LT N Ke) iS WA 2 a ‘“ELORENCE” LANE’ PATENT STEEL DOOR HANGER. | feemeutsieats STEEL, Te ~ . LAMP STOVE. | The most perfect Anti-Friction Hanger in the Market, TAKING NUTS FOR/INCH ., ' es Sard BOTH FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN PRICE, $1.50 - ae BBOL VSD ; UP TO AND INCLUDING +4 3 » glaas to break. is made of ste throu ut, except the eel . 3 Wicighs 484 ths, Ko diem tore steel axle, It — not gs It is practically tree ee It NUTS FOR Vy, ed INCH BOLTS 4 la) | | 2) a is almost no seless in action t requires no oil. It has a broad ) } oor, d kee ine e , oral, iy tel! nuh a tract alway onder" |. LAMMOMNNSDOTSSSOU TA SOT gS SS OO a at LANE’S PATENT TRACK — Is made of steel and 1s easily put in position. Catches and holds pubject to decay. "Hequites no Atting, but ls ready arouse. “way| WICKWIRE BROTHERS, CORTLAND. N. Y.. be used with hangers of other manufacture. ss Spliedig bial dh Manufactured by a A N £ B K O Ss Poughkeepsie, ye. . * 7 . y : ‘ 5 | ve WirRE CLOTH AND WIRE Goops JOHN H. GRAHAM & CO., General Agents, 113° Chambers Street, NEW YORK. | TOWER « LAMONT, | oe RAZOR STROPS, Rochester, N.Y. “CORTLAND” ; Will boil a quart of water quicker than kindling can be found Ww gen- erate a fire ia range. Sent to any address in the U. s., express paid | on receipt of $1.0, Dish Covers, Corn Poppers, t Little FLORENCE HE ATING STOVE “eat a Koom? Cer- ainiy Thousands ; aoe INDOW Coal Sieves, *LORENCE Ma The Lamont ts the SCREEi original Combination a Strop and the Stand ard. It posi ively z| WIRE CLOTH. Flour Sieves, Etc., Etc. INE CO . Florence, _ Sample Lamp sTatis to respon ealers upc my Le THE i, WO AMO LD Uta pL Yea Tn LC.TOWER RocwesterR N.Y. no equal. If your job ber doers not have it send to us. Belt of Kus sia leather, Metallic Coal Sieve. | | B en al “Nae -eas. ne | beuts, The Alford & Berkele Co.,77 Vaambers St, | Y. » O, Box, acca, ua 8 @ = = 4. THE IRON OGDEN & WALLACE, Marshall Lefferts & Co., 85, 87, 89 & 91 Elm St,, New York. 90 Beekman St., New York City, MANUFACTURERS OF Iron =* Steel galvanized Sheet Iron, Of every description kept in stock. Agenuts for Park, Brother & Co.'s Best Bloom, Best Refined and Common. Galvanized Wire, Telegraph and Fence ; Galvanized BLACK DIAMOND STEEL, |.Hoep and Band Iron. Gaivanized Rod and Bar Iron, Galvanized Nails, Galvanized Chain, Galvanised Iron All sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel con *ipe. stanily on hand. CORRUGATED SHEET IRON PIERSON & CO., For Roofing, &c,, Galvanized, Plain or Painted. 24 to 27 West Street, New York, Acme Shatting SHEET IRON. PLATE AND Tank Iron, ALL SIZES ‘D LENGTHS IN STOCK Ben No. 1, C. H. No. 1, C. H. No.1 Flange, Best Flange, _ Apply for Discount est Flange Fire Box, Circles. ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF IRON WORK GALVANIZED OR TINNED T0 ORDER. Price list and quotations sent upon application. ABEEL BROS., IRON MERCHANTS, "FOX % DRUMMOND, 190 SOUTH &T., 365 WATER st,, | N22W work. Cast Iron Gas and Water Pipe. 2 to 48 Inches Diameter, sé 9 A.R. M.CO.”’ SHAFTING. ALSO GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF NORWAY,” ** ULSTER,” “* CATASAUQUA,” 160 BROADWAY, NEW FORN. REFINED AND COMMON IRON, BAND, HOOP AND SOROLL IRON. STEEL OF ALL KINDS. aes ae CALL, ** NASSAU, ASSAU, 379." AR, R, WHITNEY & €0,, MANUFAOTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN lron and Steel AGENCIES: PORTAGE IRON CO.,, Limited, Merchant Lron and Soft Steel. eae STEEL & IRON CO,., Homogeneous teel Plate: BAY STATE ! TRON CO., Tank, Boiler and Girder lates P BRAN DY WINE ROLLING MILL. Boiler Plates. eLase ae WORKS. Boiler Flues. M. BYERS & CO., Wrought Iron Pipe. CARNEGIE BROS. & CO., Limited, Iron and Steel Beams, Channels, Shapes and bhafting BROOKLYN WIRE NAIL CO.,, Steei Wire Nails THE CHESTER PIPE AND TUBE CO, JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO, SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON, No. 63 Wall 8t., New York. DANIEL F. COONEY, 88 Washington St., New York, IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATES. GLASGOW IRON CO. PINE IRON WORKS, ALLISON BOILER FLUES. XY JU DSON, Importer of and Dealer in SCOTCH AND AMERICAN Pig Iron, WROUGHT & CAST SCRAP IRON, D METALS. 332 Water St:|NEW YORK, FOUNDRY RIDDLES. JOHN BROWER, New York. B. Plans and estimates furnished and contracts made for erecting Lron Structures of every descrip- tion. Books containing cuts of all iron made sent on application by mail. Sample pieces at office. Please address 68 ‘Mudson SF. St. New York. ~ Borpen & Love LL, Commission Merchants, |, 10 & 71 West St., ck Ghee. ( — NEW YORK, AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF Fall Rwer Iron Co.'s Nails, Bands, Hoops and Rods, - 81 Murray Street, Borden Mining Company’s CUMBERLAND COALS. IMPORTED & AMERICAN PIG IRON. LAKE SUPERIOR CHARCOAL IRON, For Malleable and Car-Wheel Purposes, A SPECIALTY, CHARLES HIMROD & CO., CHICAGO AND DETROIT. OL 57 & 33 & CHyas.f: LOMBARD Ast ay se WT Lael neat ar —Ci" RIBS & = AA/LROAD CASTINGS. Commission Merchants, No. 514 Smithfield St., Pittsburgh, Pa. /ron and Steel of all Descriptions, Iron and Steel Nails, Heavy Hardware, Coal Hods, Dripping Pans, &c. Pittsburgh Manufactured Goods of all Kinds. Prices on application. Correspondence solicited, E. JENCKES MANFG. C0., BOLT & RIVET CLIPPERS, For cutting off the ends of Bolts and Rivets, on carriages, Wagons, harness, &c Ask for them PAWTUCKET, R. I, where you buy your RAPSTANS, OF SORE Foe ee opel nt Wire Goods, Belt, Hooks, CHAMBERS, BROTHER & CO., Bent Wire Goods of all kinds a Specialty. F BeLow LANCASTER AVE., Seu Desk Omics, SS Chambers eiense. SAMUEL A. HAINES, Selling Agent. 62nd Sr, PHILADELPHIA, PA. PASSAIC ROLLING MILL CoO. Manufacture and have always in stock ROLLED IRON’ BEAMS, Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forgings, Eye Bars, &c., PATERSON, N. J. CUT NATL. ~ Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &e. DOVER IRON CO,’S Boiler Rivets, Boiler Brace Jaws, Socket Bolts, Kec., &C. ‘ 139 GREENWICH S8T.. NEW YORK. Howard, Childs & Co., {|—— OXFORD IRON AND NAIL CO., Cut Nails AND SrinR.ES. J. 8. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. JOHN J. HARRISON (Successor to HARRISON & G1LLOON), IRON AND METAL DEALER, 558, 560, 562 W orem ST. & 302, 304, 306 CHERRY ST. NEW YO RK. > on hand, and « fre rs for sale, the following: -otch and American Pig Iro in, Wrought, Cast and Mac hinery Scrap lron, Car Wheels, Axles and Heavy Wrought [ron; also old Copper, Ce omposition, Brass Lead, Pewter, Zine, &ec. BURDEN’S HORSE SHOES. “Burden Best” Iron Boiler Rivets. THE BURDEN IRON CO. Taw, BM. YF: WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., Iron Merchants, Cor. ALBANY & WASHINGTON STS., NEW YORK CITY. Wm. H. Wallace. Wm. Bispham. &. C. Wallace. J. H. Sternbergh, Reading, Pa., MANUFACTURER OF REFINED BAR IRON. Also as a Speciality Bolts, Nuts, Washers, Rivets, LAG SCREWS, TURNBUCKLES, Rods and Forgings for Bridges and Buildings, &e., &e., &e. "WM. McFARLAND, | lron and Brass Founder. TRENTON, N. J. Chilled Cast Wire Dies a Specialty. Any size or style made at short notice. nD WOOD & C0. PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of Cast Iron Pipe FOR WATER AND GAS, LAMP POSTS, VALVES, ETC. Mathew’s Pat. Anti-Freezing Hydrants. 400 OHESTNUT STREET. A. F. PIKE MFG. CO., Pike Station, New Hampshire, U. 8. A. Cable Address, *' Pike, Haverill.”’ MANUFACTURERS ANUD WHOLESALE DEALERS IN BLUE STOoOn zs. The Largest Manufacturers and Dealers in Stones for Sharpening all Edge Tool. Pike’s celebrated Blue Stone. Indian Pond (Red End), Lamoille, Black Dia mond, Magic, Green Moun tain. All kinds branded fc with our name are genu . > ei ine. + p) * Also Oll, Water and Dry Whetstones ; Arkansas Washita, Turkey, Hindo stan and Sandstone Razor Hones Vienna Cigar shape In fx ‘t. everything that is used for sharpenin Edg »0ls supplied in any grit or shape requirec 2 Quality ‘and Prices guaranteed. Send in your orders VARIETY METAL BOOM. Iron Foundry and Machine Shop. STEAM HEATING BY DIRECT RADIATION in all ite Branches a Specialty. Brass and other Metal Moulding, Casting and Finishing. Noiseless } FULLER BROTRERS + CO, |i ses: FPRAS. B. BANNAN, Pottsville, Schuylkill Co., Pa. AGE. W. D. WOOD & CO.. l'd,| PITTSBURGH, Corrugated Sheet Iron a Specialty, Gaiventesd, Black and Fetnted. December 24, 1885 JAMES: P. WITHEROW, Engineer & Contractor, Lewis Block, PITTSBURGH, Pa Faw WHITWELL FIRE-BRICK STOVE CLAPP-GRIFFITHS PATENTS FOR MANUFACTUI OF SOFT STEEL, MANUFACTURERS OF PATENT Planished Sheet Lron. Patented April 8th, 1873 ; Sept. oth, 1873 ; Oct. 6th, 1874; Jan. 1, 1876 3; Oct. 17th, 1876 ; Jan. rth, 1877; Feb. 6th, 1877; Dec. roth, 1878; Jan. roth, 1882 ; Jan. rst, 18 84 3 Feb. rath, 1884 ; March 4th, 1884 ; Jan. 6th, 1885. specially adapted for No. 1 Boiler J Boiler Rivets, Wire Rods 1 l Stamping Ware, Nail Plates, &e Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, and at a less price. Will contract to completely erect, « and place in operation Blast Furnace \\ well Stoves and Steel Plants as above ALSO [I manufacture at our own works everyt Common, Refined, Charcoal and Juniata GRADES OF BLACK SHEET IRON, yracuse | WHEELING NAILS. SYRACUSE | Laughlin Nail Co., MALLEABLE IRON W. K. WoRss, SYRACUSE, - N.Y. - SOLE ACENT, appertaining to Blast Furnace and St Works construction, can guarantee pr ness and satisfaction. Mower and Reaper Castings and Carriage Irons a Specialty. PROPRIETOR. W. B. BURNS, PEN NSYLVANIA IRON WORKS Everson, Hammond & Orr, Ltd., SECOND AVE., PITTSBURGH, PA., MANUFACTURERS OF J. LEONARD, 445 to 451 West St., ; 177 & 179 Bank st, NEW YORK, MANUFACTURER OF HORSE SHOE Toe Calk Steel, Rods, Ovals, Half Ovals and Flats, Light Sheet Iron. |KeystoNe ROLLING MILL, Limited, Manufacturers of ROOFING SHEET of all grades a specialty. Prices quoted promptly upon application. CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON ROOFING & SIDING, Pittsburgh, ma Bonnell, Botsford & Co., IRON, NAILS AND SPIKES YOUNGSTOW N, OHIO. Treas. 7. Ww, WELSH, Sup W. W. CARD, Secy. Iron Buildings, Roofs, Shutters, Doors, Cornices, 8k kylights, Bridges, &c. MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO., 5 Dey Street, NEW YORK. GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, Jr., Prest JOHN CALDWELL, H. H. WESTINGHOUSE, Gen’! Agt. rE B- Westinghouse Air-Brake Co. PITTSBURGH, PA. U.S.A. MANUFACTURERS OF THE WESTINGHOUSE AUTOMATIC BRAKE, Westinghouse Locomotive Driver Brake, Vacuum Brakes (Westinghouse & Smith Patents), WESTINGHOUSE FREIGHT BRAKE. The Automatic Freight Brake Is essentially the same apparatus as the Automatic Brake fo r passenger cars, except that the various parts are 80 combined as to form practically one piece of mechanism, and is sold at a very low price. The saving in accidents, flat wheeis, brakemen’s wages aud the inereased speed possible with perfect safety, will repay the cost of its application with it a ver on time. * Automatic” has proved itself to be the most efficient Train and Safety Brake known. It application is instantaneous ; it can be operated from any car in the train if d sired, and should th: train separate, or hose or pipe fail, it applies automatically. against loss es from PATENT SUITS on the apparatus sold them, The WESTINGHOUSE BRAKE is now fitted to upward of 15,000 ENGINES AND 80 000 CARS and is adopted by the gomnaiges Railways in all parts of the world, FULL INFORMATION FURNISHED ON APPLICATION. LEECHBURG IRON WORKS. KIRKPATRICK & CO. LIMITED Manufacture of all Grades of FINE SHEET IRONS, (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, &c.) NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OFric£k, No. 143 First Ave. 9 Pitteburgh, Pa. CLOSES ON OUTSIDE OF NOSE. Only Double Ring Invented. Champion Hog Ringer, RINGS and HOLDER. WORKS, Leechburg, Pa. Only single Ring ever invented that closes on outside of the nos« BROWN'S \\ Elliptical Ring "7/ and Triple Groove Hog and Pig Ringer @ The only R that will effectu- mly single K ing that closes on ally keep Hogs from rooting. No the outside of the xe Ni y shar} sharp points im the nose. points in the fle sh’ to keep it sore CHAMBERS, BERING & QUINLAN CO., Exclusive Manufacturers, Decatur, II! Joun J. SPoweERs, President. ALEXANDER BURxs, Manager, THE JERSEY CITY GALVANIZING CO., MANUFACTURERS OF GALVANIZED MATERIAL OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. tsalvanizing in All its Kranches. Galvanized Sheet Iron—Best Bloom, Best Refined, Common. Galvanized Round, Square, Band and Hoop Iron, &c., &c. All Gauges All Sizes of Corrugation and from Sizes 1 tos inches, of Sheets. Iron Corrugated for the Trade imates furnished on a lic WORKS: GREEN and BAY STREETS, JERSEY CITY,N. J, OFFICE AND Wi WAREHOUSE ; 98 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK ROSS, 97 Chambers Street, New York. Manhattan Rolling Mill. IRON, rIrROoN!, A GUARANTEE is given customers THI MO: Als Alsc BE Ome G BL (zor December 24, 1885. Pct IT ROE IF TI EE WILLIAM R. HART & CO. AND FOREIGN HENRY LEVIS & CO., AMERICAN f PIG IRON, SPIEGELEISEN, STEEL BLOOMS, CROP ENDS, | TIN PLATES, &c. No, 226 WALNU r ST., PHIL ADELPHIA. Ba Heay Rails, For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and Sheet Iron and General Railway Equipments. 234 S. 4th St., Is, Light Rails, Hastenings, STREET RAILS Philadelphia. ADDRESS Cambria Iron Co., OFFICE, WORKS, 218 South Fourth St., Johnstown, , Philadelphia, Pa. Pennsylvania. The Phoenix Iron Co., 410 WALNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, ¥ Largely use| in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. ou ( I T 8s, Girders and Joists, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the con iia gag ee mgs ire-Pro of Buildings; Patent Wrought Tron Columns, W eldless Eye Bars, and Built-up Shapes tor Iron Bridges. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and Every Variety of SHAPE IRON Made to order. ins and Specifications furnished, Address New York Agents, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty St. Boston Agents, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymarch St. k, ALAN WOOD & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF | Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom PLATE c& SHEET IRON, ALSO LIGHT PLATES AND SHEETS OF STEEL, No. 519 Arch Street. Philadelphia, Pa, . ad es ially for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, K on ee bas Troe j : Last, Stamping, Ferrule Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Lron, \, Ww. H. WALBAUM & CO., | 206 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia. 61 Pine St., New York. i NEW AND CLD RAILS, BLOOMS. BESSEMER Pic. Crop Ends, Spiegeleisen, Iron Ores and Railroad Supplies Generally. AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR THE NORTH LONSDADE IRON & STEEL CO., Limited, Bessemer Pig Iron, brand ‘Ulverston ;’ M.’ le Pig Iron, brand “ U. H 9 M oss BAY EMA TITE IRON & STEEL CO., Limited, Spiegeleisen, Crop Ends, &c. ( Malleable Charcoa! Pig Iron and N. B. ALLEN & CO.’S Dinas Fire Bricks. i Sole ‘aeae for the W HITE RIVER MINING CO’S. Arkansas Manganese Ore, Guaranteed 50 per cent, Metallic Manganese. ~ PENCOYD IRON WORKS, sc PP. ROBERTS cw CO., ( MANUFACTURERS OF BEAMS, CHANNELS, DECK BEAMS, ANGLES, TEES, PLATES, MERCHANT BAR, SHAFTING AND ROLLED OR HAMMERED AXLES OF IRON OR STEEL. Office, No. 26 8. Fourth St., Philadelphia. Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. i | Agency Fire-Brick Hot-Blast Stove Co. GORDON, STROBEL & LAUREAU, ENGINEERS | No. 226 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. (Formerly of Witherow & Gordon, Pittsburgh, Pa.) i BLAST FURNACE. CONSTRUCTION, SPECIALTIES: Gordon’s Patent Improved Whitwell- Cowper Stoves, Gordon’s Patent Con- verter for Treating Molten Iron, Improved Regenerative Furnaces, Coke Regenerative Ovens, Blast Furnace Improved De- tails, Tuyere Stocks ‘and T uyere Attachments, Boiler Setting giving the Greatest Efficiency, Cinder Car, Kennedy & Gordon’s Patents. le eT _ a THE ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILLS, MANUFACTURERS OF 9 Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn-Tables. eral Office, 237 South ' Third St., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa. “ a DEALERS IN ed J. Ww. PAXSON & CO., | MOULDINGS SAND er 1021 North Delaware Ave., Philadelphia, Pa., rp ll 4 y d ; 4 : MANUFACTURERS y X MINERAL, CHARCOAL FACING, LEAD FACING, e i XX MINERAL, ANTHRACITE FACING, RIDDLES, SHOVELS, ‘ IXL FACING, SOAPSTONE, STEEL BRUSHES. oe = :) Manufacturers’ Agents | Old Rails, Axles and Wheels bought and sold, DAVID REEVES, President. EDWARD J. ETTING IRON BROKER & COMMISSION MERCHANT, 222 S. Turrp St., PHILADELPHIA, PA. PIG, BAR and RAILROAD IRON, OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &c. Agent for the Mount Savage Fire Brick. EXCLUSIVE AGENT FOR LYNCHBURG IRON Cco., LYNCHBURG, VA., Foundry and Forge Pig Iron. STORAGE, WHARF anp YARD, Delaware Avenue, above Callowhill St., connected by track with rail road. CASH ADVANCES MADE ON IRON. Jas. G. Seis Tos. S. PARVIN. LINDSAY, PARVIN & CO., Successors to Lioyp & Linpsay, 328 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. Iron a and at e Builders’ Materials, Steel and Iron Shapes and Bars, Sheet Iron, Sheet Steel, Pig Iron, Muck Bars, Plate Girders for Bridges and Buildings. Contracts placed for Iron Structures, ETHELBERT WATTS & CO., lron Brokers & Commission Merchants, Ho. 920 So. Third Street, Phiiadelphia, SALES AGENTS FOR Pennsylvania and Virginia Pig Iron, ‘*Corn- wall,’’ ** Chester,”? and Other Iron Ores, Dealers in Old Rails and Iron and Steel Se rap of all kinds, Senrenoner nce solicited. L. & R. WISTER & co., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 57 So. 4th 8t., Philadelphia. AGENTS Kemble and Norway Foundry and Forge Pig Iron. Wyebrooke C, B. Charcoal Pig Iron. Ferguson Red Short Pig [ron. DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF SCRAP IRON, MORRIS, WHEELER & CO Iron, Steel and Nails. WAREHOUSE @& ad 16th & Market Sts., 400 Chestnut St., PHILA., PA. PHIUA., PA. New York Address, 14 CLIFF ST. ROBT. MOFFLY & CO. Bankers and Brokers, and Wholesale Dealers in SCRAP IRON AND METALS, PHILADELPHIA. Yard, N. E. Cor. Ninth and Jefferson Streets, E. G. JAMES, Manager. Bk’q Office , 312 Stock Exchange Pl. Room 4. *9 SALES OFFICES. ‘Established 1847. | | A. WHITNEY & SONS, JCAR WHEEL WORKS, PHILADELPHIA, | Special Wheels for Furnace and Mine Cars. | IRON AGH. JUSTICE COX, Jr. CHARLES K. BARNS. JUSTICE COX, JR,, & CO,, Agents for Chickies, Conewago, Montgomery and Shenandoah FOUNDRY and FORGE PIS IRON. CARBON ROLLING MILL CO., Limited, Best Qual ity Muck Bar. CATASAUQUA MFG. CO.’S Bar, Angle, Skelp and Sheet Iron. Shenandoah (Va.) Best Charcoal Blooms. No. 22 4 So, I ‘Yourth St., Phila. erome me Keeley & Co,, 206 Walnut Place, Phila., Selling Agents for CHARCOAL and ANTHRACITE BLOOMS, PIG IRON, BAR IRON, SHEET IRON, STEEL and IRON RAILS. IRON CLAD STEEL RAILS and BARS, MAGNETIC and HEMATITE IKON ORES, FIRE BRICK, COAL and COKE, MUCK BARS. Handle Old Tron and Steel Rails, Scrap fron, &c. Examine and negotiate sales of Lron and Coal properties E.H. Wilson. A. Kaiser J. B. M. Hirons E. os WILSON &. CO., 222 and 224 South Third St, Philadetphia, BROKERS AND DEALERS I IRON ann STEEL. J, W. HOFFMAN & CO., |RON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 20S South Fourth St., Philadelphia. Selling Agents PINE TRON WORKS, Pine Brand Plates; GLASGOW TRON CO., Plates and Muck Bars ; SPRANG STEEL & IRON CO Limited), Stemens Martin (Open-Hearth) Steel, Universal and Sheared JNO. L. HOGAN, IRON COMMISSION MERCHANT, 216 SOUTH FOURTH ST., PHILA, Pig Iron & Ores, Steel & Iron slooms. Agent for Brier Hilllron and Coal Co. Youngstown Steel Co. Open Hearth Metal Charcoal Lron, Connellsville Coke, Old Rails, Scrap, &c. Andover Pig Iron... Each Pig marked exact ¢ hill depth (4% in. to 7% in.), A. Whitney & Son's standard test, ‘A. Co , Treas 5 West = Pr u MAN, ‘ge nt 240 So. 3d ats Phila. I. J. MOHR, 430 WALNUT ST., PHILA., PA., SOLE AGENT FOR Sheridan, Leesport, Temple, Lynch- burg, Millcreek and Mt. Laurel Foundry PIG | RO N and Forge CHARCOAL PIG IRON. Also Woodbridge Clay Mining Co.'s Co.’s Fire Brick. PLYMOUTH ROLLING MILL CO., Conshgkecken: MANUFACTURERS OF Pig Iron, Foundry and Forge, Puddled Bars, Special for Axles, Best Neutral and Common, Plate and Sheet Steel, Every description of Light Plates and Sheets of Steel, Plate and Sheet Iron, Best Bloom, Tube, Cleaned, Best Refined, Skelp, Blue Annealed and Common, ee P articular attention given to Iron for Spec ial Purposes. TESTED GHAINS. Bradlee & Co., Empite Chain Works, 816 Richmond St., Philadelphia. Chains for Foundry Cranes and Slings. “D. B. G.” Special Crane Chain. Steel and Iron Dredging, Slope and Mining Chains. Ship’s Cables and Marine Marine Railway Chains Chains. = @ STEEL WORKS CONSTRUCTION.ICUMBERLAND NAIL AND IRON CO, MANUFACTURERS OF “CUMBERLAND” NAILS & WROUGHT IRON PIPE, 43 North Water St., and 44 North Delaware Ave., PHILADELPHIA. J. Fatnall P. ei & Cx Rex Successors to CABEEN & CO,, IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, No. 400 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. BESSEMER,. MILL AND FOUNDRY PIG IRON, SKELP IRON, MUCK AND SCRAP BARS, NATIVE AND FOREIGN ORES. AGENTS © FOR CONNELLSVIL L E COKE. Quality and Rods, &c. as any of the same quality. Light Forgings, Driving and Car Axles, Crank Pins, Piston Office, 220 S. 4th St., LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR-WHEEL TIRES Manufactured from the celebrated OTIS STEEL BRAND ZF STANDARD Z Prices as low We manufacture Heavy and efficiency fully guaranteed »THE STANDARD STEEL WORKS, WORKS AT LEWISTOWN, PA Philadelphia, Pa. BOOTH, GARRETT & BLAIR, ANALYTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMISTS, 919 and 921 Chant St. (10th St., above Chestnut St.), Philadelphia, Pa, Established in 1836. Analysis of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys of all kinds. ANALYSIS OF A special department for the IRON AND STEEL, fitted with all the apparatus and appliances for the rapid and accurate analysis of Iron, Steel, Iron Ores, Slags, Limestones, Coals, Clays, Fire Sands, &c. Baltimore. Price lists on application, Agents for sampling ores"in New York and 5 The Distribution and Proportions of American Blast Furnaces.* BY JOHN BIRKINBINE, PHILADELPHIA, PA, Much has been contributed tothe ‘‘ Transac tions” of the Institute concerning the con struction and operation of American blast furnaces, but the following compilation is offered as possibly furnishing additional in formation upon the general features, dimen sions, locations, capacities, &c., of the blast furnaces of the United States, while, inci- dentally, the ores upon which they rely are noted in a general way. The paper is pre sented chiefly as a compilation, and the figures given are selections from most reliable sources, or averages calculated, placed for convenient reference, with a view of assisting those who consult the ‘‘ Transac- tions” in determining the relative merits and importance of various sections of the coun- try. The scope of the paper has beeu re- stricted to as few topics as possible, and all the details of special plants or notable out- puts have been ig pap W hile every effort has been made to give correct figures and data, the changes whic h are constantly tak ing place in the iron-producing industry will undoubtedly, by the time the paper is in print, deve lop some errors It is difficult to determine which of the blast-furnace plants of the country should or should not be considered as u ipon the active list. A number which have not been opera- tion for years are still reported as active, some of which will scarcely be put in blast again, and others are handicapped so that they can only operate in times of abnormal profits. It is therefore scarcely probable that there are over 600 blast furnaces in the United States which can properly be consid- ered as active, but {so many considerations affect the various plants that, it being im- possible to determine the exact number, I have relied upon reports as presented by the American [ron and Steel Association. Con- cerning the number of plants which could be stricken from the list, the secretary of this association says: ‘‘In January last (1885) we enumerated 669 furnaces, which in- cluded many stacks which kad not been in blast for a very long time, and others which could not be operated except during short periods of exceedingly high prices for pig iron. We have gone over this list very carefully and have eliminated 10 an- thracite, 19 bituminous and 49 charcoal fur- naces, or 78 in all. While most of the fur- naces thus dropped have been abandoned, we omit some which are not likely to be operated again, unless prices rise very high and stay high for a time, and even then the majority of them will be found unfit for use without being refitted and practically re- built. Making due allowance for four fur- naces rebuilt in the past six months, the net reduction in the total number of turnaces is 74, which leaves 595 as the number of fur- naces in the United States either in blast or likely to be blown in when trade shall war- rant. To this number will shortly be added several furnaces which are now being re- built and others in course of erection which are entirely new.” As, however, the pur- pose of this paper is to discuss the location, equipment and the operation of the blast furnaces of the country, the subject will be treated for the present as the published records up to January ist, 1885, indicated the condition of the industry. At the close of the year 1884 there were 669 blast furnaces in the United States reported upon the active list. Of this num- ber 230 employ charcoal, 220 bituminous coal and coke, and 219 anthracite coal, as fuel. During the year less than one-half of the furnaces were in operation, and their product amounted to 4,539,630 net tons, or 4,097,868 gross tons. To produce this metal there were consumed 7,213,764 gross tons of domestic ore, and 439,183 gross tons of foreign ore, making a total of 7,652,947 gross tons of ore used, or 1.87 tons of ore per ton of pigiron. The fuel consumed in the blast furnaces to smelt this ore was as follows : Gross tons. Coke 3,697 275 Anthracite coal 543,688 Bituminous coal at 986 Charcoal, 0,577,153 bush