The Iron Age 1885-08-06: Vol 36 Iss 6

Cc, Va (The Iron Age | NDEX TO ADING MATTER A a Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. soventisewe PAGE . + . ‘ Published every Thursday Morning by Davin Witiams, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter, y - - y y r " os . ] ol. A my on VI: No. O. New York Thursday Luci sf Ob T 885 $2.50 ax ar, Lncluding Zostage. ’ ’ = ) . Single Copies, Zen Cents. nance Edward M. Madden. all the energy and patriotism and unselfish | heavier and their size reduced by the sur-| current from the furnace crowns will be working for, admitting that the first por a devotion of his nature into the work of | benpion pressure this may explain the/ directed laterally toward the back of the tion of the length of the tubes ious tl ae the death of Edward M. Madden, strengthening the national cause and restor- | tendency to priming usually shown by many | boiler, the prominence over the top of com- cipal part of the tube duty, the re : a s home in Middletown, N. \ was | ing the supremacy of the ( rovernment. He tspes of high-pressure boilers, and especié illy | bustion chamber and first part of the tubes is required to raise the isd wide 44 ai . iced, we gave in these columns a brief assisted in organizing the Union League of | where the water spaces are of insufficient | impelling the water to smoke-box end or tolerably high temperature which i ae ak of his career as a manufacturer and | America —a body of citizens representing in | size. front of boiler to repeat the circuit fhe sary for boiling at high pressures All a ss { man, promising a fuller biography their highest type the ability and patriotism Grease and dirt, of course, largely influ | larger the tubes are, of course, the greater also should be made for the cir« a i F hen the portrait for which we had made of the whole country—and was one of the | ence priming very often, but the best mak listance flame will travel in them before ex- mentioned by Rankine, vi: When "the arrangements was finished, We this week Executive ( ommittee and leading spirits of | ers are usually liberal in the matter of water | tinction, and the smaller will be the differ- | difference between the heat of the gases sual nt a portrait of unusual excellence, and the organization in all its important and | spaces for high pressures. Circulation may| ence of temperature at the two ends; so | the water is very great, the rate of co it 7 t such facts as we have gathered of in elicient workings. He was also one of the be thus described The highest part of the! that ebullition may take place over the | tion increases faster than the simple rs ti of et to those who knew Mr. Madden in, Commissioners appointed by Governor Mor- water area is the region of the greatest | whole length of the tube. The best practice | that difference, and is nearly ocmaedia al t ,iness and public life gan to further the enlistment of troops and _ ebullition ; as soon as the steam is disengaged appare sntly recognizes this circumstance, for | the square of the difference aaa ere ed : vard M. Madden was ninth ina family | Otherwise aid the Government—a work to the water which had inclosed it flows by! the water spaces between the nests of the | An example may be taken of a . oa oti re sons and daughters. His father which he devoted much time and untiring | gravity to the cooler parts ; these, possessing tubes are made free enough to encourage a | working at a pressure of 140 acamae com sa poor man, and the hope of making | nergy ‘ superior density by reason of the smaller downward current independently of any responding temperature of water being, say, .r provision for his large family led him | Mr. Madden was widely known and much | amount of steam inclosed, displace the water | that may take place between the tubes at | 360‘ assuming the temperature of the flame remove from Crawford to Walden, both respected by all who knew him in business, in the hotter parts ; the more rapidly the cir-| the front end. Box boilers may sometimes | entering the tubes at 1800° F. and = ape 7 towns of Orange County, N. Y. There politics or social life. Few men have been cuit is completed the better is the steam ' be seen which are crowded with small tubes | 800° as gas, 1800’ — 360° 1440 ee iward, when nine years old, found em- | — 360° 420° only ; the proportion of the ment in a cotton mill, earning 75 cents a | sque ares of theses differences of temperature week In this employment he remained |is about 1134 to 1, and this leaves “a of the he was 14 years old, when he became | apprenticed to a tinsmith in Montgomery. | this early and constant employment gave | him very ‘little chance to acquire even the rudimentary education of the village sc hools, t he early acquired the reading habit, and | fn m the thoughtful perusal of good books . gained a general knowledge which fitted | m for the important duties and responsi- ities which devolved upon him in after | life, After the termination of his appren- | ticeship he worked for a time as a journey- man tinsmith, and in 1839 started in business for himself as a tinsmith in Middletown, N.Y. H His capital was $133, which he had earned and saved, but he was a good mechanic, in- | istrious and frugal, and soon became well | stablished. In 1842, in association with the | E. P. Wheeler and others, he estab- ed the Orange County Foundry and Ma- ne Shop, with which he remained actively | ted for 12 years. 353 the firm of Wheeler, Madden & xewell established the Monhagen Saw | orke, now grown to be one of the} west manufacturing concerns in the coun- | vy. and next to the largest saw manufactory the world. Under a change of partners | ename of the firm was changed (1560) to eler, Madden & Clemson, and soon after- ward (1862) a plant for the manufacture of steel was added to the works. Ten years | ater, March 10, the concern was re- nized, pursuant to the general manufac- | g laws of the State, as a joint-stock | pany, under the title of The Wheeler, | iden & Clemson Mfg. Co. Since the re. | ment of Mr. Wheeler (1874) the official nil 1873, zanization of the company has been as ws: E, M. Madden, president; Wm. emson, vice-president; Wm. Millspaugh, | oe ; Chas. I. Humphrey, treasurer. ._K. Stansbury is one of the directors the company. The Madden & Cockayne File Works were iblished in 1857, and were merged into a | t-stock company in 1875, since which; the official organization has been: E. Madden, president; I. P. Madden, sec- tary and treasurer. Mr. Madden was interested in and was president of Middletown Horse Nail Company, which ied on operations from 1866 to 15873. | vas also, from 1877 to 1882, in- ed in and president of the Union Prnting Company, at 15 Vandewater treet, New York. In all the numerous busi- mecerns with which he was connected, s remarkable forecast, sagacity and judg- vere relied upon by his associates as mst infallible factors of success, and the erity that attended his undertakings to have justified the confidence re in his great business abilities. On the | zation of the File Manufacturers’ As- | ation of the United States in 1881, Mr. len was chosen president of the associa- | He was recognized at all times as a} g spirit among the iron and steel manu- ers of the country Madden was a man of great public ind did much to promote the inter- { Middletown. He was one of the sev- | gentlemen who, in 1842-43, advanced ge sum of money to the Erie Railroad npany, in order to secure the extension of ai from Goshen to that place. He f the original and most efficient f the Middletown and Crawford | id enterprise ; was one of its executive rsfor several years, and finally nego- the advantageous lease of the road to the Erie Company. As a member State Senate, he was to a large de- instrumental in obtaining legislation iito the reorganization of the Midland ad Company (Ontario and Western), the mitigation of the pecuniary em- ‘ssments under which the company at ime labored. In many other ways he ‘argely instrumental in promoting the ‘are of local institutions, and Middletown atiy indebted to him. many years Mr. Madden was active ‘tical life, and has done the State excel- ervice. Originally a Democrat, he rated from that party in 1854, on the 1s~Nebraska issue, and became a leader free-soil party. His legislative course ‘ignified and honorable, and many prac- measures of progress and reform were ‘uced and successfully supported by He was one of the representatives of ron and steel interests in Washington assisted in framing the Morrill tariff of and thereafter he was a strong and ‘ligent defender of the prince iple of pro- 0 to home industry. On the breaking of the Civil War he threw himself with | ters ¥ more useful and few have derived so large a measure of personal satisfaction from being useful. TT The Influence of Position on the Value of Heating Surface. Under the above bead the London Engi neer published several months ago an inter esting article in which it was endeavored show the limit of the amount of forcing which steam boilers can bear, mure partic ularly that class which is usually placed on board steam vessels where a high power is expected to be exerted for a considerable period of time. The amount of forcing of which any boiler is capable, said our contemporary, is mainly dependent on the goodness of the cir- culation, for, as soon as the currents flowing along the heated surfaces are unequal to the task of quickly carrying away the globules of steam formed, priming takes place. Cir- culation is caused by the difference of dens- ity of water in various parts of the boiler ; so, obviously, water spaces should be of suf- ficient size to favor a free current in the ne- cessary directions. A mere difference in temperature is in itself of little or no use in causing these currents, the greater difference in density of a given column of water being caused by the honeycombing of the water by the formation of steam globules. The dif- ference of densities is less as the pressure rises, owing to the globules of steam being MADDEN, EDWARD M., swept off the heated surfaces. The differ ence of densities of water in various parts of the boiler being the only influence worth mentioning that causes an active circulation, the importance of proper areas for descend- ing as well as for ascending currents is ap parent. These remarks are supported by examples in practice ; the contractors’ boiler is found a primer, the cylindrical fire-box being uniformly heated over its horizontal and, taking any horizontal plane, the | area ; same is true with regard to the tubes; so to be at all efficient very large spaces require to be left at the sides of the tubes to favor the downward current. The boiler alluded to here is the upright cylindrical boiler with vertical tubes. ‘he fire-engine boiler’s cir- culation is much studied. The Field tube, too, affords an example of the circuit of the ascending and descending currents, being complete in themselves in each tube. Loco motive boilers present a striking example of excellent circulation, and will bear very heavy forcing, but their introduction afloat has not been so satisfactory in results as on land. It will be suggested later on that the circumstances are not nearly so similar as is sometimes thought in the two cases. In the ordinary marine boiler with return tubes the direction of the currents will be probably as follows: The principal ebulli tion being over the furnace crown, combus tion chamber and first length of the tubes, these parts will be in contact with water of smaller average density than that at the smoke-box end of boiler, and the upward for purposes of surface, and have small water spaces, and yet show nogreat tend ency to prime from bad circulation. The ap parent anomaly may be thus explained The small tubes extinguish the flame very soon after its entry, especially when their areas are reduced by soot and ashes, and so cause, by the inferior heating power of hot gas as compared with flame, the difference of density in the water necessary to cause a | fair amount of circulation, no great amount of steam being made at the chimney end of the tubes. Such a boiler will generally be found extravagant of fuel, and will have a tendency to flame, the extinguished f course, igniting at the first opportunity. In locomotive boilers the generally accepted of the direction of the rculation is this: The principal ebullition occurring over the fire-box and tube plate heaps up the water—this may observed in the water gauge—which, as soon as the steam leaves it, flows to the front of boiler, sep arates and falls by the sides of the barrel and along the belly to the fire-box water spaces to repeat the circuit. The ordinary low boiler, used much in the British navy, proximates very closely in its behavior to that gases, view be ap of the loc mre boiler, and to this owes its suitability for forced draft. Locomotive boilers, by their great length of tube, offer a considerable fall in temperature to favor cir- culation, and experiments made onthisclass of boiler with plates fitted, dividing the off into compartments of so many feet each, do not fairly the facts of tubes represent case the inferior heating power of gas com |pared with flame. The advocates of short tubes will not find much support for their views in these figures. Again, the total heat of steam of* 140 |pounds above the atmosphere is 1190° in }round numbers, reckoning from 32° F.; of | this amount 860 heat-units are concerned in making steam, and 330 units in raising the water to the boiling point agreeing with this pressure. If the feed-water enters at 60° F., the total heat of steam from water of 60° F. I1go0 (60° 32°), which 1162°: of this 302 units are used in heating the water, and 860 in making steam. If the feed-water ;} enters at 140° F., as is the case usually in marine engines with surface condensers, 220 units are employed in raising water to boil- ing point, and 860 units in making steam. The inference from these figures, which are only approximate, as the alteration in the specific heat of the water at higher tem- peratures is not reckoned, seems to be that a certain amount of the heating surface is performing two useful functions, although no great amount of evaporation may be taking place from it—first, heating the feed water to the point necessary for the disen gagement of steam from it by the more | active parts of the boiler furnace ; and, sec ondly, producing greater density of water in one portion of the boiler by the absence of actual evaporation at that part, so encourag ing circulation, because the denser water displaces that which is, as it were, honey combed by steam bubbles in suspension. A familiar example of the advantage of a dif ference of temperature is shown in a common pot, which will boil actively and regularly when the heat is applied on one side, but which boils over directly the heat is applied pretty much equally all over the bottom. Although in locomotive boilers the length is given as the easiest dimension to increase and long tubes are necessary to extract the heat from the flame And heated yases powerfully drawn through by the blast, it yet remains to be proved that such boilers would steam even moderately well if the length of tubes were limited to that portion of their length which is actively engaged in steam-making In the boilers of torpedo vessels it is not unusual to see flames driven by the fan blast right through the tubes and up the chimney—not the flaming that occurs with bad air supply to the grate. These boilers are touchy at high powers as regards priming, and this may be expected when the of the length of tubes is giving off steam Another and probably important difference of condition in working locomo tive boilers afloat and ashore is that in the latter case the water is fresh to start with, and nearly all the steam from it is sent into the air, but afloat the water is only fresh.to start with, and is continually pass- ing thr ough the condenser, becoming most, if not entirely, freed from air in suspen sion. ‘lhe experiments of Sir William Grove communicated to the Royal Institution in his paper on ‘ Boiling Water,’ years ago, seem to prove that boiling as generally understood cannot occur regularly unless air be present. More attention perhaps with advantave directed to this circum stance than has been done as yet, and it may goa long way toe xplain the sometimes poor performance of locomotive-type boilers when 50 whole al so many may he fitted in vessels intended for cruising pur- poses, especially as the tendency now is t | prevent air entering boilers, some authori ties considering corrosion to be much influ enced by it. The influence of a vigorous circulation in preserving the more highly heated portions of the boiler from injury and favoring a uniform supply of steam, is admitted generally, and it is certain that the boiler which, by its good arrangement of heating surface and water spaces, most en courayes a good circulation will in on quence be the least liable to disturban its action by the various incidents of ev: day working, such as grease, dirty wate! &c., and will bear a higher amount of fo1 ing than a boiler in which these points a not considered and heatin rface a grate area are present in abundan cannot be used oe Edward Cooper and Abram > vitt hay brought a suit in the United States Circuit Court at Philadelphia laiming § damayes from the Pennsylvania Steel Com pany for the alleged infringement of letters patent of the United States granted to Emile Martin and Pierre E, Martiu, of Paris, for an improved process for refining and vertiny cast iron int ast stee actual | 2 A cee - RON AGE. August 6, 1885, THE PLUME & ATWOOD MEG. co. goctswsa aa MANUFACTURERS OF A \ ANSONIA BRASS AND COPPER CO., MANUFACTURERS OF THOMASTON, CONN. WATERBL RY, CONN. NEW YORK. PURE COPPER WIRE T PHILIP L. MOEN, CHARLES F. — a b H Presid T residen jecreta: For ee ee 4 S Se Sheet and Roll Brass ident & Treasurer. ce President & Secretary. Bare anc overeda, ’ \ O'NEILS’S PATENT PLANISHED W b Br Co wae | Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. R= yg Spe ater ury rass ' WIRE, f) Establishea, 1831. Capital, $1,500,000 W.E. DODGE. ee ESTABLISHED 1845. GERMAN SILV ER rs —— aaa WORCESTER, MASS. . 9 . ’ ’ ’ . Dr , nS 7 2S ‘OPPE ameae wire, o'Neils's | Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, | corres wevetts ap Burrs, « | vt, NAY SEES! | Ste, at Pa as, SEE RE DRAWERS. A. A. COWLES, re * ai German Silver Wire, Brass and | Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack ceoraeitY: Copper Tubled, Chain, Kerosene Burners, | ! Patent Galvanizing, Rolling and Tempering, aia Copper Rivets and Burs, Lamp Trimminés, §¢. f MANUFACTURERS OF Ansonia Refined Ingo t Brass Kettles, Door Rail, Brass Tags, Per- WI Copper, Anchor Brand ; cussion Caps, Powder Flasks, Metallic 18 MURRAY ST., NEW YORK, TRON, AND TRON AND STEEL RE. LAKE INGOT COPPER. Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Meas- 71 PEARL ST., BOSTON, _ Of Every Description. | _ ures, &c., and small Brass Wares 1165 LAKE ST., CHICAGO. | | 19 & 21 CHM Street, of every description. | Rolling Mill, Factories A SPECIALTY MADE OF } Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. PHELPS DODGE & C0 Sole Agents for the CAPEWELL MFG. CO.'S ° i 4 Line of Sporting Goods. GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE, GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WIRE, BRIDGEPORT BRASS C0. PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TIES MANUFACTURERS OF | aR i> PATENT STEEL BARB FENCING, | ~ - — | iad canta IMPORTERS OF DEPOTS MILLS AT >IT > WY ry T I N p - E 296 bea, Hew York, WATERBURY, Sheet and Roll Brass, AND PUMP CHAN. I A 125 Eddy St., Providence. R. I. CONN. { New York, 16 Cliff and 241 Pearl Street. tt zare * BRASS AND COPPER WIKE AND TUBING, | WAREHOUSES | Chicago, 107 and 109 Lake Street. é “A ~ Roofing Plate, Sheet Iron, Copper, SEAMLESS AND BRAZED TUBING, COPPER Pig Tin, Wire, Zinc, &c. NEW HAYEN COPPER () AND IRON RIVETS, | a Lo Vhpesy 5 wa if — ; ; °9 oy -— Cor tae ostenes 6 ee —_ i SOLE MAKERS OF Trimmings, Kerosene Burners, MANUFACTURERS OF Plumbers’ Materials. XO wy £X ESS i 2 2 . AND f SS r P e oO rai oe o cS} : a C © I I E R B R A SS. POLIS H Fp 6 “— I ee ee Tiree 9 Bar Blanks ; : Shanicedaiens OOK es BI CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. MANUFACTORY, W4aREHOUSE, Crim ed Wire Stall | Under Patent of T, James, Sept. 12, 1876 Sere Conn. | 19 Murray St., N. Y. artition, 45 Fulton Street, rot (stashed tx) sso wanvracronees ssp | Holmes, Booth & Haydens, NEW YORK, ws ee Oe EL ee, ee BR ee lc ti“ ( tw SCOVILL MFG. COMPANY WATERBURY CONN. Semnatnetees <8 Church Guard. Rows . + . NN., on Frames "ed BRAZIERS & SHEATHING COPPER, | ss sons BOSTON, lron, Brass & Copper \ BRASS,-—Shb B B Wire, Brass Tubi : 25 Park Place. : ; ‘ s pp d OBR. she <a ce. aan Giver Kettles, Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, &c. 22 mnie o. ae Pyeonee Ss a SS ie eaves sae RK Manufacturers of all kinds of | Bprr ; | Narrow Middie, Broad, Desk Ship, 294 Pearl St, |= NEW YO e Ny Sdaalla WA by) , R rh Naval, Livery, Society, Rall- ne . nvrrows tartrate |IeKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO.,|Brass, Copper & German Silver, zs, nom. : GooDs Burners, Kerosene Lampe. IMPORTERS OF ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. _ Plain and Ornamental Wire Work, ee > Came ra Boxes, Printing Frames, = ERS TO. 6 | Chemicals, Paper, Glass, &c, TIN PLATE, PIG TIN, SHEET IRON, Brass and Copper Wire, Tubing, Scovill’s Patent Lock Box for Post Offices. COPPER, WIRE, ZINC, ETC., DEPOTS Copper Rivets and Burs. 423 Broome Street, New York. 29 and 31 Cliff St., cor. Fulton, Devonshire Street, Bosto we . 183 Lake Street, Chicago. | DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool NEW YORK. BRASS AND IRON JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. GERMAN SILVER SPOONS, SILVER- ~ IRON = ROOFING OFFICE RAILING, Go, ss Right Hand. lron Stable Fixtu res. Window Guard. Nos PLATED FORKS AND SPOONS, KE ROSENE BURNERS, XC. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, ABRAM 8. HE WIT T, Pre -sident. JAMES HALL. Treasurer. WM. HEWITT, Vice-President. THE E. HANSON, Secretary, Wire Fence & Railing, ae : DOOR AND WINDOW GUARDS, BRR S S PU O Ths ro) F A aa TRENTON IRON COMPANY. = SIDIN G, CEILIN G, Ps Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., (INCORPORATED 1847,) = rv ARCHE S4*° LATH, v0 a MAKERS OF IRON AND STEEL | 3 N CINN m Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Oo © cl AT Js o Antimony. Solder & Old gg COR RR U GAT IN G co _ ae John Street, How York. LE\ ++ CINCINNATI, O. +, x | SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, 4 MANUFACTURERS OF OF ALL GRADES. Bright, Annealed, Ceoppered, Tinned and Galvanized PEBENNSYTUVANIA WIRE WORKS, Pu re alae Iron and Steel Wire Rods, Extra Qualities of Bar Iron and Rods 231 Arch Street. PHILADELPHIA. FOR | Pest Qualities of Gun-Screw ang Charcoal Ire ewes Crucible, Slemens-Martin Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes WIRE STRAIGHTENED AND CUT TO LENGTHS, ve \ \ A I z ——_ Sa late biptec ED ARD D BY & SONS, 4nD ST Woak. WORKS AND OFFICE, TRENTON, NEW JERSEY. in MANUFACTURERS OF wo EO hot 2 _ ‘ GALVANIZERS AND BRASS FOUNDERS. COOPER. MEW! Trt Conn Burling Slip. JOHN HEWITT ae Fourth st The omk — ; h CHICAGO OFFICE: 146 Lake Street. sted Brass, Copper & Iron Wire Cloth, Sieves & Riddles, MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, ieee sa: 2 > -Heavy and Twilled Locomotive Wire, Brass Wire 2 ’ ST. (ad Floor), "ORK. , 80k ern “Cloth 2 Saclay teites. Weesiedete a ee Tf a = R 0 pP = ae Railings, Coal and Sand Screens, Iron Bedsteads, _ Wire Window Guards, Wire Work of Every Geo. W. Prentiss & Co.., I yay 7 R Be M Js e € fe cael Description. Send for Catalogue. HOLYOKE MASS., Manufacturers of WAREROOMEB : s7 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK. Works: WitKESBARRE, Fa. BRODERICK & BASCOM ROPE CO, WIRE ROPE SS) Se e-2y At) et) oe MANUFACTURERS OF IRON & STEEL WIRE ROPE __7O4 & 7O6 N. Main St. St. Louis Mo. 98 Reade Street lowa Barb Wire Co., “new tor.” ESTABLISHED 18317. A. 8. CHASE, INCORPORATED 1876, Sec’y & Treas. Waterbury Mfg. Co., Bright, Coppered, Annealed and Tin Plated. AlsoGUN SCREW WIRE Of all sizes straightened and cut to order. WATERBURY, CONN,, r A. LESCHEN & SONS, x . S Manufacturers of ai Tan Brass Goods Rea): dat ae ss Sooe= ed liao |... THE WIRE GOODS CO., Oo- : re Main St., ST. LOUIS, MO, Correspondence invite! ldzes Worcester, Mass, Tone w.s. ESTEW, Bright wi ire G wis, Mill Wire Goods, Belt Ho oks, Double-Pointed Tacks and Staples, Wire MANUFACTURER OF ss, CoP pre Picture Cord, Clothes Line Wire Han d Rail Screws, &c.,&c. Wires c ut, oor milled, straightened OF BRA and made to any a sired shape. Orders solic ite d from the Trade for the full line of Screw Pir OMBE’S | iRON, GALVANIZED * Eyes, &c., known as Hardware Wire Goods. Quality guaranteed the best in the market, f ) STEEL WIRE, OF i Or Special articles made to order. wr (ae. AND GRADES “ie Cha . ° Iren asd Seoat Loqomodve Spark Wire Cloth. Biddle tor Export and Feundry us: A. W. PARMELEE, Pres't THE WIRE GOODS CO., Worcester, Mass Screens. Iron Bolting Cietn. Wie Werk of every description. RK. I NO. 71 FULTON 8T., : - NEW YO SS S| —=E—E—— eee & ‘Suyoeg dwoy \ »PPER AND AL DES cos! Angust 6, 1885, THH IRON AGE. 3 QOL LINDEMANN £ 00,, CATR & NOEN, | THE FRED, J, MEYERS MFG. CO. ; MANUFACTURERS Manufacturers of | STEEL WIRE for all purposes and STEEL SPRINGS of every description. COVINGTON, KY., Manufacturers of —— WIRE GOODS OF AILIL KINDS. Javanned, Brass, SLAW and KRAUT CUTTERS. Tin Plated | Wrought-Iron Fencing, Cresting and UL ELERELLE LLL ELLEALAP and Wood BIRD CAGES. Original ioventors and patentees of | Bright Metal Cages constructed without solder | Hardware Specialties. LLL Send for [llustrated Catalogue and Price List VILAIADSLAA ALAA TAIN, VIGASTIIIIISISL NALIN, 254 Peat! St. NEW YORK. | Market steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, Tempered and Covered. Also PATENT TEMPERED STEEL FURNITURE SPRINGS, constantly on hand. 234, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, NEW YORK. = icsspQ) (RON AND BRASS RIVETS, 3 For Manufacturers of Light Hardware. BLAKE & JOHNSON, Watersury, Conn. A icc »2 JORGAN SPRIN QL perce a en er ee ee as LUDLOW-SAYLOR WIRE C0. oT. 'rRoOovUuUirts, MO. 5 eee ae 1 fry TO RAILWAY AND BRIDGE ENGI- Successors TO W. S. TYLER, NEERS.—The Gautier Steel Department, of XY MANUFACTURERS OF Cambria Iron Co.. Johnstown, Pa desires ¢ = Ee ay oe os —<— KY (x) : a 8 ; i ires to ; BRASS, STEEL AND | | : “% XOX GALVANIZED WIRE, call the special attention of Engineers to the : SoS te Oy C2 ‘ FOUNDRY RIDDLES, COKE AND COAL great superiority of COLD ROLLED STEEL <. 4 SSS yr SCREENS. for Bridge Chord Pins over Turned Iron. ee —~<> ROY W.S. TYLER, Pres. E. H. ALLEN, Sec. & Treas S eX Wernenn b CLEVELAND. OHIO. Actual experiments demonstrate that the FOSS OOO OST NOOO OO eral Shearing strain of Cold Rolled Steel is 150 \TLANTA RUBBER CO, oaaale aaah Gaus ue % as WIRE, WIRE CLOTH, WIRE ROPE, R Bien. ee. We k than 200 per cent. in excess of iron. The Counter Railings, Window Guards, Iron and Wire Fences, AUDber Hc “te 3 acKk- surface is bright, and sizes are so accurate Plain and Barbed Fencing Wire. Ing, ose, C. that no lathe work is necessary. This peers nan _ - —- a material is guaranteed superior in strength, < National Wire and Iron Co. DETROIT, MANUFACTURERS OF MICH., Iron Stairs, Railings, Illuminated Sidewalk Tile, Shutters, Guards accuracy, straightness and finish. AND New York Office, Chicago Office, Philadelphia Office, KFrOUN DRY SUPPLIES. 104 READE ST. 202 First Nat. ing. ‘ pn : = SS - a ae re ee THOMPSON McCOSH, President, JOHN A, McCOSH, Sec. and Treas, PURE OAK LEATHER BELTING, |... —— . BARB WIRE. “ETER, Ano 1g | , | CARRIER. : i a : : NOW @ this pattern of ou i 5 i lass Composite Wrought [ron,.Ral ing, atithe rate of $1.50 per_lineal ft. 3 ARhigh. r first Oil Tan and Raw Hide Lace Leather, and all ; Kinds of Mill Supplies. Send for Catalogues and Discounts, The Chilled ‘fron” Ornaments are? poured ongto the NO DANGER OF CUT- TING HANDS OR TEAR- ING CLOTHES. SAVES THE PRICE OF THE LIFTER MANY TIMES EVERY DAY. ee rought Iron Rods, welding the panel into one piece - aaa ithout joint ices fi - It is mad AN IMPROVED ; Ret on stone or to go into ground. Our Railings are ’ verlasting and one of them _ is worth two of any other, LEVELING INSTRUMENT Pa PBisin_ Composite Iron Works 00.83 Reade St. N.Y. AN / Estab’d 18:18. Incorp’d 1874. THE Gilbert & Bennett Mfc. Co. WAREHOUSES: 42 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK, 228 LAKE 8T., CHICAGO, ILLS., MANUFACTURERS OF er : ° (PATENTED.] ; lroné& Galvanized Wire Hawkeye Steel.Barb Fence Co., Burlington, lowa. Mined Window Screen ‘Wire tion, | OUF Agents, John H. Graham &Co., 113 Chambers St.” carry stock of our;Lifters “and will supply at Factory prices. ED Manufactured Solely by PRICE OF INSTRUMENT COMPLETE, $20. lupted to the Use af Architects, Eugineers, Masons Builders, Farmers and Others. This instrument is made of Brass and Iron, furnished h both masons’ (short metal) and surveyors’ tripod, , b-4 put up in a handsome wooden box, with —- | only low-priced Level that can be thoroughly Fruits, Warld’s Galvanized Wet sted im the fleld. . ot hh A NEW LEVELING ROD. | Factories, Georgetown, Conn. This rod is round and made in twe sections ; is united solid serew joint, as if of one length, and has a | a There are two scales, one side being Engineers’ | one WwW. PAX S¢ ) N & Cc Dea DEALERS IN OP et poe , . . *ts’ scale (or 7 - Tt - Ty ~ Ree — The above cut represents Preston's Patent Braided Cable Wire Fence Rail, manufactured by the nches and 8ths). Price, $6. | WM. T. COMSTOCK, M O U | D | N G + A N D HOLLOW CABLE MFG. CO., Hornelisville, N. ¥. We also manufacture extensively Astor Place, New York. Manufacturer. 5 four different sizes Wire Clothes Lines. Send for Circulars and Price Lists. | Bo es ER Ok o_o ie | | | Fruits, Warld’s Galvanized Wen o ’ : _ i. ° il. lars and discount to hardware trade furnished 1021 North Delaware Ave., Philadelphia, Pa., Cc. 8. CHAMBERLAIN 55 Dearborn st . Chicago, to dealers sending their card. PATENT OFFICE, oor (i ae 4 Lita 5] 0 (ch Raa a Oe) pee | ATE Cua ) Bee: Roeder & Briesen, | Amn B) MANUFACTURE! SCREW PLATES AND 82 and 84 Nassau St., ee | Oe a od = 3 yc 7 oi se 4 hy ; nh | . e NEW YORK. | Sy Ta Net 18) . ne 4 TO 2 INCHES V THREAD. ALSO ddeae= U.S. STANDARD AND be WHITWORTH THREAD. American and Foreign PATENTS. aes 3 ‘ ea OF BAR STEEL. licited promptly and at the lowest rates. MANUFACTURERS ela Oh eae - . | £2 Seen CHARCOAL FACING, LEAD FACING, ee ? = a | XX MINERAL, ANTHRACITE FACING, RIDDLES, SHOVELS, CORTLAND, N. Y., IXL FACING, SOAPSTONE, STEEL BRUSHES. WICKWIRE BROTHERS, MANUFACTURERS OF Wa. Many, Jr., & Co.,| newimtown, Fa. | LANES PATENT STEEL DOOR HANGER, |\Wire CLroru anp Wire Goons, MANUFACTURERS OF RED WARRIOR The most perfect Anti-Friction Hanger in the Market, Dish Covers, BECAUSE p A as Broad A es, | sels neat Emenee teehee s| “CORTLAND” Corn Poppers, XbS, XS, bearing onthe oor, and eepe fa‘ioc. frit by far tie most| WATINDOW AT Coal Sieves, ldzes, Broad Hatchets, Spanish durable. fet Tray pan aor ead, akan ® order, SCREE a Axes and Tools, Is made of steel and 1s easily put in position. Catches and holds WIRE CLOTH. , no snow orice, Door bung thereon cannot jump the track. Is not Etc. ; Etc. subject to decay. Requires no fitting, but is ready atonce. May be used with hangers of other manufacture. BRANCH OFFICE : — : ere SB on _ 4, _ ene °%7 Chambers Street, New York, _Manutactared by LANE BROS., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. JOHN H. GRAHAM & CO., General Agents, 113 Chambers Street, NEW YORK. | ingineer ‘or | ) Metallic Coal Sieve. E. A, BOLMES, ManaGeEr. 4. THE IRON AGE. August 6, 1995, OGDEN & WALLACE, Marshall Lefferts & Co., OXFORD. 0. wooo & co. Ud, Toy IRON AND NAIL CO., a | mo | Augu 85, 87, 89 & 91 Elm St., New York. SO OE Biey HES SHee Cos PITTSBURGH, Iron = Steel galvanized Sheet Iron, Cut Malle Agents for Park, Brother & Co.'s Best Bloom, Best Refined and Common. 8 Galvanized rire, seerern oar gonees be My AND 2 ACK T = ak oop and Band Iron, Gulvanized Ro ar Iron BLACK DIAMON D STEEL. — Nails, Galvanized Chain, Galvanized [ron Ss P I K E Sy All sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel con- = ° stanly oahand.”__| CORRUGATED SHEET IRON PIERSON & Ce. For Roofing, &c,, Galvanized, Plain or Painted. Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common 94 to 27 West Street, New York, oe SHEET IRON. = Shafting. PLATE AND Tank Tron, J. 8S. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF PATENT Planished Sheet Iron. Patented April 8th, 1873 ; Sept. gth, 1873 ; Oct. (11, SIZBS AND LENGTHS IN STOCK. “o-m.No », cH xo.1 Flange, Bet renee, | OHLN Je HARRISON | 3735 seh. sie ioee iat te San _p . ly es Discount. oon Manes Fire, on, Circie EALER, Jan. roth, 1882 ; Jan. rst, 1884 ; Feb. rath, 1884 ; a ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF IRON AND METAL D March «th, 1884 ; Jan. 6th, 1885. Hi EINZ & MUNSCHAUER T. ~ TRON WORK GALVANIZED OR TINNED TO ORDER. | ss% s& s62 WATERST. & 292,304, 306 CHERRY ST: | 6 a antood fully equal in all respects to the MANUFACTURERS OF Price list and Price let and quotations sent abi application. | has on hand, and offers for sale, the following : - S - : aspects Pistons *aateh indies | IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, ~via tea, 218 § w renee ee, ae Copper, Composition, Brass, and at a less price. 1} . IRON MERCHANTS, {FOX & DRUMMOND, 7 io se j j é ee Common, Refined. Charcoal and Jumata WATER COOLERS and FILTERS and COOLERS BURDENS HORSE SHOES. “Burden Best” Iron Coa. Hops, CoaL VASES AND CHILDRENS SLEIGus GRADES OF BLACK SHEET IRON. sosmiee i Randall on Smooth on both sides. Send for Illustrated | for Tlustrated Catalogue. SYRACUSE MALLEABLE IRON WHEELING NAL a WoRES, SYRACUSE, - N.Y. W . K . R O S S, Plans and ——__— SOLE ACENT, __ Bost Mower and Reaper Castings and|97 Chambers Street, Nev’ Vork Carriage Irons a Specialty. Manhattan Rolling Mill a W. B. BURNS, Proprietor. — PL J. LEONARD, $65 WATER 88, | NEW YORK-/ cast iRON GAS AND WATER PIPE, /- R. M. C0.” SHAFTING. 2 TO 48 INCHES DIAMETER. ALSO GENERAL ASSORTMEN1 OF “NORWAY,” “ULSTER,” “CATASAUQUA,”| 160 Broadway, New York. REFINED AND COMMON IRON, BAND, HOOP AND 8OROLL IRON.| JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., STEEL OF ALL KINDS. TELEPHONE CALL, “ NASSAU, 379.” SCOTCH AND AMERICAN A. R. WHITNEY & C0. PIG IRON, MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS 0 lron and Steel] |_*° ow xr xo AGENCIES: DANIEL wes, COONEY, PORTAGE TRON CO., Limited, Merehant Iron and Soft steel. BOILER PLATES AN ‘AND "SHEET. IRON, MO ane & IRON O0., Homogensous | 'LAP-WELDED BOILER FLUE BAY STATE IRON CO., Tank, Boiler and Girder 0. Rivets, Angle & T Iron, Cut Nails & a Bean Boiler Rivets. BRANDY Ww IE, BOLLING BELL. Beller Plates, Pine Iron Works, Lebanon ‘Rolling. Mills, Allison A BYERS & CO.. Wrought Iron Pipe Sooted Uiiss Rivdls; Memngensses brest, Bolles ona PENNSYLVANIA IRON WORKS | 445 to 451 West st., CARNEGIE BROS. & oo, ee ee sign and Fire- Box Plates comnts 177 & 179 Bank St NEW YORK, Oréees gol ee ms, nels, Se ” ‘an Fak eee SESE AND TUBE CO. \ C0 Everson, Hammond & Orr, Ltd., MANUFACTURER OF Plans and estimates furnished and contracts B. F. JSUDSON; »| SECOND AVE., PITTSBURGH, PA., HOR SE SHOE IRON \ . made for erecting Lron Structures of every descrip- Importer of and Dealer in MANUFACTURERS OF be ’ ae y eR mando sont SCOTCH AND AMERICAN a Toe Calk Steel, Rods, Ovals, Half Ovals and Flats, J Please address 68 Hudsom St. New York. Pig Iron THOoy, %. Y¥. Light Sheet Iron. KEYSTONE ROLLING MILL. Limite: Me NEW 9 ee a ee ’ > KT ROOFING SHEET Manufacturers of Crop BorDEN & LoveELL, Wrought & Cast Scrap lron, EGLESTON BROS, & CO., of all grades a specialty. I Fr cture . * = . Pri oted promptly upon application. Commission Merchants, OLD METALS. | tsetse) meyer, |" weet ponety won soptenion O N, B®: BURDEN’S CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON ROOFING & SIDING, iso for ** L tine ' 71 Weet St. $33 245s soucn ses} NEW YORK. "nse s ____ Pittsburgh, Pa. Bi insole as C. A. G Ni — Ww e Mo eee "| CORNER HAY RACKS oe Bonnell, Botsford & Co, Fall River Iron Co.'s Nails, Bands, AND OAT MANGERS.| ULSTER BAR IRON IRON NAILS AND SPIKES A. ¢ Hoops and Rods, ee All Sizes and Shapes in Stock. tron Buildings, Bett, Shutters, , Doors, Cornices | ” 3 BE AM ‘ AND . JOHN BROWER, 4140 BEST ORADES OF MOSELRY, INOK BRIDGE AND ROOP 0. YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. Borden Mining Company's ‘81 Murray St., New York. Am, & Eng. Refined Iron Com-| GsonGe WwestiNGHOUSE. Ja, Prost JOHN CALDWELL, Treas. T. W. WELSH, sip. CUMBE RLAND COALS. - — de mon znee &c. a! H. H. WESTINGHOUSE, Te ae - W. W. CARD, Secy. ee ee ee yori ose fe | WILLIAM H. WALLACE & €O., W ti h Ai B k : ; ) : Office, No. 26 nea ‘STEEL s Spring 4 as G2. , S : Iron Merchants, es Ing Ouse i- ra 6 Co, AGENTS FOR HELLER BROS.” \ —— a oma & Cor. ALBANY & WASHINGTON STS., PITTSBURG H, PA. U. s. A. Ag NEW YORK CITY. CLAY CRUCIBLE CAST STEEL.| We Vee aCe __ 288 8 Greenwich St., New York. IMPORTED & AMERICAN! Howard, Childs & Co., PIG IRON. [Commission Merchants, No. 514 Smithfield St., Pittsburgh, Pa. Wn. H. Wallace. | Wm. Bispham, 5. C. Wallace, MANUFACTURERS OF THE WESTINGHOUSE AUTOMATIC BRAKE, Westinghouse Locomotive Driver ORI Brake, Vacuum Brakes (Westinghouse & Smith Patents), WESTINGHOUSE FREIGHT BRAKE. The Automatic Freight Brake Is essentially the same apparatus as the Automatic Brake tor passenger cars, except that the various parts are so combined as to form practically one piece 0! mechanism, and is so ih ave low rice. The saving in accidents, flat wheels, brakemen's waz aud the inereased speed perfect safety, will repay the cost of its application withid 7|* ba? Lh * has oo itself to be the most efficient Train and Safety Brake known. | BL 4 s° BOLT & RIVET CLIPPERS, aim Ni LAKE SUPERIOR CHARCOAL IRON, /ron and Steel of all Descriptions, For Malleable and Car-Wheel Purposes, Iron and Steel Nails, Heavy Hardware, A SPECIALTY. Coal Hods, Dripping Pans, &c. CHARLES HIMROD &CoO.,) 0 ;Manufctarel Gods of al Kins application A gen en ngreg | it can be operated from any car in the train if desired, and should (v train se te, or b or pl Pe fail, it applies automatically. A GUARANTEE is given customers against from PATENT SUITS on the apparatus sold them, CHICAGO AND DETROIT Correspondence solicited. Prices on application. For cutting off a com of = its os om on The WESTINGHOUSE BRAKE is now fitted to upward of WM M FARLAND E JENCKES MANFG C0 where you buy your hardware, or Sis = 15,000 ENGINES AND 80 000 CARS Gordon’s P ° c ° . *) emer ne gras Se and is adopted by the principal Railways in all parts of the world, verter ; CHAMBERS, BROTHER & CO., —— Ci _ FULL INFORMATION FURNISHED ON APPLICATION. LEECHBURG IRON WORKS. KIRKPATRICK & CO., LIMITED THI Manufacture of all Grades of Fine SHEET IRONS, (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, &c.) Rails, Bar: NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL, Rive OFFICE, No, 143 First Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. WORKS, Leechburg, P* everal Office, CLOSES ON OUTSIDE OF NOSE. Only Double Ring Invented. fe“ Champion Hog Ringer, @ RINGS and HOLDER. e only that will effectu- Hogs rooting. No 52nd Sr., Betow LaNcasTeR AVE., PHILADELPHIA, PA. PAWTUCKET, R. L., lron and Brass Founder, Bri ht Wire Goods, Belt Hooks, TRENTON, N. J. SPRING PINS, KEYS AND COTTERS. Bent Wire Goods of all kinds # Specialty. Chilled Cast Wire Dies a Specialty./ ... York Osc, 58 Chambers crest, Any size or style made at short notice, EL A. HAINES, Selling Agent. PASSAIC ROLLING MILL CO. Manufacture and have always in stock ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forgings, Eye Bars, &c., PATERSON, N. J. LL ) Room 45, Astor r House, New Y New eee Only single Ring ever inven’ that closes pn ou: ie of the noe BROWN'S Elliptical Ring and Triple Grcove Hog and Pig Ring Only single R that close * the outside of th oy ben No shat? IN. on’ hoop R.D. WOOD & CO. C UT N, AIL LS. PHILADELPHIA = |"""CHAMBEMS, BERING & QUINLAN Co. Exclusive Mamatnotorene Doses | re Seton . Joun J. SPOWERS, President. ALEXANDER BuRNs, | Pure Nic! Cast Iron Pipe 0. se Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. L198 TIPO) TSE | SHANE | PLEY__GALYANIZING: 00.0“, Guaieeewuateteennie IPTIO Copp LAMP POSTS, VALVES, ETC. |,...., “pivenizing In All ite Branches. e Brass Sal DOV ER J RO N CO.’S Mathew’s Pat. Anti-Freezing Myérante, a Poop iron, &e., Se. a ‘a 5 1 i 400 CHESTNUT STREET. All Sizes ab iene B< b | ‘ BE; FR FR 7 E;* é * hog ‘Yanide Potas) ? VARIETY METAL BOOM. | ot corrugation and Nickel, Si : 4nd Other ‘ Boiler Brace Jaws, Socket Bolts, &c. “TAM SEATING BY Denwor Rabearwon| = sess os in all ite Branches a Specialty. Brass and other Metal Moulding, Casting and Finishing. Noiseless 1 tos inches, of Sheets For Nickel, Bron FULLER BROTHERS & CO),, |tericsttiint,tiydrenta rire Plugs, do AN * FRAS. B. BANNAN, Corrugated Sheet [ron a Specialty. Galva ised, | peek and Painted. Iron Corrugated for the Tr#* Seman 139 Greenwich Street, New York. Pottsville, Schuylkill Co., Pa. WORKS: GREEN and BAY STREETS ativett N.J. OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE: 98 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK THE IRON AGE. On 1885, August 6, 1885. JUSTICE OOX, Jr. CHARLES K. BARNS. JUSTICE COX, JR, & CO., AGENTS FOR HENRY LEVIS & CO., Manufacturers’ Agents For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and Sheet Iron and General Railway Equipments. EDWARD J. ETTING, IRON BROKER & COMMISSION MERCHANT, 222 S. Turrp Sr., PHILADELPHIA, PA. PIG, BAR and RAILROAD IRON,| CHICKIRS, OONEWAGO, MONTGOMERY AND The Danger From City Wells. AMERICAN AND FOREIGN PIG IRON, SPIEGELEISEN, STEEL BLOOMS, CROP ENDS, At a conference of State and municipal SHENANDOAH boards of health held at Washington last Foundry & Forge Pig lron. December, says Prof. Lra Remsen in a recent number of Science, ten propositions were OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &c. Agent for the Mount Savage Fire Brick. ) j y ‘ d sold. RBO CO., Limited A , : TIN PLATES, &c. \' Id ST ee alin ee Tg * EXCLUSIVE AGENT FOR oa ny ey Bar. unanimously agreed to. The first of these is No. 224 Sourn Turrp St., PHILADELPHIA. 234 8. —— oer LYNCHBURG IRON CO.,, CATASAUQUA MFG co S ‘‘that all surface wells should be closed at See rearg y y . . *s nm ° — - i s LYNCHBURG, VA., . ° the earliest possible moment. This has Heavy Rails, 1 ight Rails, Foundry and Forge Pig Iron. Bar, Angie, Skelp and Sheet Iron. | special reference to the surface wells in STORAGE, WHARF anp Ys slaware re ‘itie: y ase ralls serve suc above Calicwhill st. Geunedeed’ iy tack wie rail Shenandoak (Va.) Best Charcoal Blooms. cities, Why do these wells deserve such road. CASH ADVANCES MADE ON IRON. No. 994 So. Fourth 8t., PHILADELPHIA, | sweeping condemnation? We have only to consider the conditions surrounding them to JEROME KEELEY & CO have a reason suggested. In cities in which *y there are no sewers it is well known that 206 Walnut Place, Philadelphia, the discharges from the inhabitants are con SELLING AGENTS FOR veyed to cesspools, where they are allowed CHARCOAL and ANTHRACITE BLOOMS, Pia tRON, | to remain indefinitely. Sometimes the con Railway Fastenings, Jas. G. Linpsay. Tuos, S. Parvin. LINDSAY, PARVIN & CO., Successors to Luoyp & Linpsay, Pd ADDRESS 328 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. idox' GLAD STEEL Raila and Bika. MagNeric tents “ these —— are en, ” Iron Ship and Bridge Builders’ Materials, Stee] | 924 HEMATITE IRON ORES. FIRE BRICK, COAL | moved ; sometimes they are not disturbed, > and Iron Shapes and Sars, Sheet Iron, Sheet Steel, gaat 7 cn bn Eaemab end aamele a a new cesspool being dug in the neighbor ide Cam ria ron 0, A ae Muck Bars, Plate Girders for Bridges and | of Iron and Coal properties. hood of one which has become filled. They ER j uildings. Contracts placed for Iron Structures, EH. Wilson. 4. Raiser, J.B. M. Hirons |®Fre rarely built carefully, but are usually “| merely holes in the ground, lined with suffi wunre "ORKS, Ethelbert W 5 ° ¢ > OFFICE, me t rH —_ Jos. C. Poulterer. E. H. WILSON & co., cient stonework to prevent the earth from own ETHELBERT, WATTS & CO ng Ta same ches they are S| 218 South Fourth St., onns ’ L ; * 230 South Third Street, Philadelphia. falling in. In some cities they are dug in Pennsylvania. exactly the same way as the wells which No. 920 So. Third Street, Philadelphia. a enn ae are intended to supply drinking water. GALES sGreTe Boe IRON AND STEEL. The digging is in each case continued Pennsylvania and Virginia Pig Iron, **Corn- until water is reached. Communication wall,’’ ** Chester,”’ and Other Iron Ores. Correspondence solicited. is thus established with subterranean cur Dealers in Old Rails and Iron and Steel Scrap of all J Ww HOFFMAN & CO rents, and the refuse matter which finds a e °9 kinds. Correspondence solicited. its way into the cesspools is at least partly L.&R. WISTER & Co., |!RON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, carried away. This saves some trouble ; but what becomes of the refuse matter’ Under Iron Brokers and Commission Merchants, Philadelphia, Pa. 410 WALNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of Wrought Iron ——§ geams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, A es aie 20 soar te IRON COMMISSION MERCH me ey STRAIGHT AND C c 'MPLATE, A TS SELLING AGENTS its way to s 76 > of water whicl 5 u ti f Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. — ’ M sae > a its way to some large body of \ ‘ er which Largely used in the construction o 257 So. 4th St., Philadelphia. PINE mROs oer prime Brand Fistet GLASGOW | is not used for drinking purposes, and thus 1 ought Iron Roof Trusses, Girders and Joists, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the con- sauce moe 99., ee ead eon FL yay —T,, do no harm. If, however, there are wells in sides struction of Fire-Proof Buildings : Patent Wrought Iron Columns, Weldless Steel, Universal and Sheared Plates, Angles and Eye Bars, and Built-up Sh apes for Iron Bridges. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and Every Variety of SHAPE IRON Made to otder. Kemble and Norway Foundry and Forge Pig Iron. Wyebrooke C, B. Charcoal Pig Iron, Buchanan Red Short Pig Iron. DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF SCRAP IRON, Shapes. JNO. L. HOGAN, the neighborhood, the chances are in favor of the contents of the cesspools and of the wells becoming mixed. The larger the num- .¢ Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. IRON COMMISSION MERCHANT ber of ceespools and of wells the greater the fe Plat MITH, 95 Liberty St ’ danger of sucharesult. Ina city not pro- ) New York Agents, MILLIKEN & S , mene MORRIS, WHEELER & CO., 216 SOUTH FOURTH ST., PHILA. vided with sewers, therefore, the conditions Boston Agents, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & co., 19 Batterymarch St. York, ; ALAN WOOD & CO., Pig lron & Ores, Steel & Iron Blooms, | @re such as to lead almost certainly to con- Agent fer Brier Hill iren and Coal Co. tamination of the water of surface wells with Youngstown Steel Co. Open Hearth Metal, the contents of the cesspools. Besides this, Charcoal Iron, Connellsville Coke, there is the danger of contamination from Iron, Steel and Nails. WAREHOUSE & OFFICES, 16th & Market Sts., SALES OFFICES, . MANUFACTURERS OF & 1B >aIT % 400 Chestaat 8t., eel Old Rails, Scrap, &c. ee surface drainage, which cannot be avoided. Mil eo SHEET J RON : ae ‘ M ocala ANDOVER PIG IRON, | Thether the grund be pyeed or nef, eink, PLATE: & SHEET I 7 ieee ee — = om ee Ss ee toa an si Saale wad - bel i the sod no 1 + | Andover Oh Irom for Oarwheels, Bo. |e een eea ne ee eee oe ag uae ) ALSO LIGHT PLATES AND SHEETS OF STEEL, NORTH BROTHERS, Sachs oie meatal ennee ch Gants Ot tame 0036 carrying with it such impurities as may be ’ inehh, A. Whitney & Son's standard test. present. Such surface water in cities, it is No. 519 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. , Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, OR K _— goltcloed, pet ince toe Ovens. Ferrule Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Iron, J. Wester Putiaus, Agent, | Safe to say, is always contaminated. Some of it is sure to find its way into the wells. Iron Founders, 240 So. 3d St.. Philadelphia. This late eet . is latter source of contamination is com- Light Castings a Specialty. J. J. MOouR, mon to all cities, whether they are provided F. A. Comiy, Treas. Bole Agent for __Tae en $$$ eee ON Ww. Hi. . a ALBA UML & Cc Dus N. W. Cor. 23d and Race Streets, 430 Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA, PA, with sewers Or not. While, however, the ! 4 F Pj St N York PHILADELPHIA. city which is provided with sewers is not Flats 206 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia. 61 Pine St., New , © tly the sa : _ $$$ . as that first referred to above, the cases do Established 1847, | Sheridan, Leesport, Temple, Lynch- not present as much difference as might at Rai upplies Generally. on eee Crop Ends, Spiegeleisen, Iron Ores and read Supp y leaky, and the soil in their vicinity becomes AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR C A n WH EEL wo RKS FOUNDRY and FORGE PIG IRON, | saturated with sewage. Thus they may J THE NORTH LONSDADE IRON & STEEL CO., Limited, Bessemer Pig Iron, brand “Ulverston ;” 9 contribute to the contamination of the well ~~ Malleable Iron, brand “ U. H M.” . ’ Noss BAY HES ATITE IRON fore and NB ALLE 1200S Dinas Fire Bi P aio Also tamination is not so great as when there are iso Sole poate fanthe WHITE RIVER MINING CO’S, Arkansas Manganese Ore, Guaranteed so per | Special Wheels for Furnace and Mine Cars. | WOODBRIDGE CLAY MINING CO.’S FIRE BRICK, | 20 sewers, but still it is quite sufficient to PLYM OUTH RO LLI N G MI as CO Conshohocken, | wells. The waters of city wells have fre 0., PENCOYD IRON WORKS, "e PA. quently been studied by chemists and biolo- KI A. & PP. ROBERTS cc CO., MANUFACTURERS OF h contamination is the rule. In Brooklyn ~ a) . > . > «tly Plate and Sheet Steel, N. Y., there were, in 1882, 316 wells. Every description of Light Plates and Chemical examination showed ‘‘that of Sheets of Steel. this whole number but 17 furnished water ‘ ~ - fit for human consumption.” Similar re- Plate and Sheet Ii on, sults have been reached in an examination Skelp, Blue bamealod ant ae of the water of the wells of Baltimore, where a few years ago there were between 100 and 200 in use. The contamination of Correspondence solicited subjected to exactly the same kind of danger NEW AND COLD RAILS, BLOOMS, BESSEMER PIC, A. WHITNEY & SONS | burg, Millcreek and Mt. Laur