The Iron Age 1885-04-23: Vol 35 Iss 17

Le) ‘S: te the other ist. a 7S. Wd * he NDEX TO READING MATTER A PAGE 32 Review of the Hardware, Iron The Iron Ag and Metal Trac les. SeMer Published every Thursday Morning by Davin Wituiams, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter, Compound Accumulator Pumping Engines. About a year ago some heavy hydraulic machinery was erected by the Buenos Avres Great Southern Railway Company, at their main station in Buenes Ayres. The engrav ing on this page shows a perspective view of the pumping engines. The whole of the apparatus was made by an English firm, Messrs. Tannett, Walker & Co., of Leeds, and erected at Buenos Ayres by one of their foremen. There are two pairs of compound engines, each pair having one high-pressure cylinder, 15 inches in diameter, and one low-pressure cylinder, 28 inches in diameter, both 2-foot stroke. The piston-rod of each cylinder is coupled to a double-acting ram pump. The high-pressure cylinder is fitted with a sepa- COMPOUND ACCUMULATOR PUMPING ENGINE FOR THE BUENOS AYRES GREAT SOUTHERN rate expansion-valve, and the stopping and starting by the rise and fall of the accumul- ator is as simple as in the case of the non- Vol. XX XV: No.-17. steam. We do not, of course, refer to those cases where a jet of steam is used to help over a defective draft. cloth with a metallic warp. This covering | would have a kind of metallic-brush coating, to enable the compressed air to dilate to a certain extent around the truck and cool the latter, thus counteracting the heat pro- duced by the friction. The truck would | travel the distance between the two capitals in oue hour, and a truck could be dispatched | every 10 minutes. An engine of from 20 to |30 horse-power would be sufficient to pro- | duce the required vacuum. TT Steam as an Aid to the Combustion of Fuel on Grate Bars. | A popular notion which prevails largely and takes such forms as wetting coal, injecting steam, &c., is that the combustion of coal can ‘be materially improved through the agency of The subject has compound engine, where steam is generally | been quite recently discussed in a simple way admitted into each cylinder for 75 per cent. | by Mr. C. F. Prichard, of Lynn, Mass., be- of the stroke. The boiler pressure is 80 pounds per square inch, and the accumulator pressure 720 pounds per square inch. There are two accumulators, each with a | ram 18 inches in diameter and 29-foot | stroke, 20 hydraulic cranes for loading and | unloading. 15 capstans, four traversers for | moving the trucks, 20 guide pulleys, and a| complete system of hydraulic pressure and return water-pipes, with fire hydrants and valves complete. For the engraving and particulars we are indebted to London Engineering. eh —— The proposed pneumatic tube for the transmission of mails between London and | Paris is to be put down alongside the railway tracks. The distance is: Paris to Calais is | 184.5 miles; Calais to. Dover by water, 24.2 | miles, and Dover to London, 86.3 miles ; a total of 295 miles. The pneumatic subway | would be constructed of cast-iron pipes of | 15.3 inches diameter and 13-foot lengths, connected by means of india-rubber joints The carriage suggested is composed of a wire frame covered by a sheet of asbestos | fore a meeting of the New England Associa- tion of Gas Engineers, in the following words : One of the chief advantages” usually claimed for the use of steam under the grate bars, or what is substantialy the same thing, water in the ash-pan, is economy of heat ; and hence of fuel. The ground here taken is that instead of their being any economy the reverse is true, and a positive waste of heat, and consequently of fuel, results. When a body enters a fire at a certain tem- perature and leaves the chimney at.a higher temperature it has evidently obtained its increased temperature from the fire, and has accordingly occasioned a loss of heat, and consequently a waste of fuel. When the nitrogen of the air enters a fire and passes from the chimney in the same condi- tion as when it entered, except that it has attained a higher temperature, heat is lost ; but this is unavoidable. If steam of 212° en- ters the fire and leaves the chimney at 600° to 1500° temperature, it has obviously with- drawn heat from the furnace. The fact that it has decomposed and recombined has noth- ing to do with the loss of heat. For the pur- New Y ork, f hursday, A pril 23, pose of calculation it is the same steam that entered the bars, and it has increased in temperature just as the nitrogen did, but perhaps the waste just caused is not justi fiable. A simple experiment makes this waste visible. If you have short chimneys give a vigorous shake to the bars over an ash-pan full of water; in a momont a column of flame is produced, shooting up far above the chimney top. No one supposes for an in stant that this simple action has increased the heat of the furnace ; it has only for the time transferred the combustion, which should take place in the furnace, to the chimney top. So a small amount of steam is continually transferring combustion from the furnace to a point further on, where it is not so much needed, while the unnecessary gases thus introduced are continually draw- IS85. be no slight drawback to a bench whose flues are perhaps already overcrowded. Whether there is an increase of tempera ture actually obtained is a matter which will admit of considerable discussion. It is some times erroneously argued that when steam is admitted to a fire and decomposed into its elements—hydrogen and oxygen—the oxygen would unite with the carbon of the fuel and make it possible to do with a smaller supply of air, thus reducing the amount of heat absorbing nitrogen and making it possible to obtain a highertemperature Unfortunately for this reasoning the hydrogen, the remain ing element of the decomposition, has been neglected, and, in the nature of things, must be consumed to the original amount of water by combining with oxygen, and, having no source for oxygen but the air, it becomes necessary to introduce just as much air to $24.60 a Year, Including Lostage. stngle Copies, Ten Cents. Ct perature, and 966 due to its latent heat, for each pound of water, yet it also carries out of the furnace from 600 to 1500 heat units due to temperature, plus 966 due to latent heat Statements are often made that the hydro gen flame is the most intense flame, and a well-known treatise states that the decom position of steam produces hydrogen, a com bustible of the highest order, and oxygen, @ supporter of combustion, leaving us to infer that by the simple introduction of hydrogen a gain in intensity was made, while a still further gain resulted from the oxygen thus produced. benefit can be expected from the oxy gen since it does not reduce the supply of air, while the former, we contend, is not right, hydrogen not being hotter than carbonic oxide produced in regenerative furnaces, burdened as it is with the unnecessary but We have already seen how much itt iit ue Perspective View. | ing heat from the furnace and delivering it to the outside air. In an experiment lasting some time it was found impossible to produce any flame on the chimney top when there was no water in the ash-pan, while the fire was very white and next to impossible to face ; the heat on the retorts was as good, and perhaps better, while the amount of fuel was noticeably less, and the bars and bear- ing bars suffered no deterioration that we could notice. The clinker, however, showed a decided increase, but was very soft and inclined to run. A deposit of clinker from a tar fire, which had defied all efforts to re move, softened and was taken out easily. In running the ordinary way this bench used up from 650 to 750 pounds of water each 24 hours, and the amount of heat passed out of the chimney, exclusive of that which entered with the steam, was not far from 2 per cent. of the total heat produced in the furnace. If an evaporation of 1 pound of water for each pound of fuel is reached, and the fact considered that much of the water carried in must inevitably be carried in as mechanically suspended particles which absorb the latent heat of steam, as well as that due to the increase of tempera- ture, it is not impossible that there is a waste of fuel amounting to nearly 4 per cent. The increase in the products would amount to nearly 15 per cent., and would supply this oxygen as was spared before. Thus no permanent reduction of the air supply is ‘effected, and, consequently, no economy from the reduction of nitrogen In fact the reverse is true, since a certain amount of heat is lost in every change of form which a body undergoes, and since the combustion of every particle of hydrogen cannot be expected in practical working, unless there is a large excess of air sup plied. Sometimes it is argued that the steam of itself carries beat to the furnace to its ad vantage. It is but few years since that a gentleman attempted, in the columns of the American Gas Light Journal, to demonstrate perpetual motion, in a chemical form, by claiming a gain of heat : because the dis sociated hydrogen and oxygen formed new RAILROAD COMPANY unavoidable nitrogen of primary combustion while it is several hundred degrees cooler than the flame of pure carbonic oxide. The statement that hydrogen flame temperature is lower than carbonic oxide conflicts with many authorities who cite hydrogen as the hotter ; but if one cares tu make the calcula tion let him bear in mind that the total heat of combustion of hydrogen is not developed in the flame, for the 9 pounds of water resulting from the combustion carry away 96% heat units, its latent heat for every pound, which must be deducted in al! calculations of flame temperature. In the furnace, however, a different order of things exists rhere the carbonic oxide is burdened with the necessity of heating uj the nitrogen of primary combustion, spread ing its heat over a larger volume and re chemical compounds with the carbon of the | ducing its intensity, while the hydrogen furnace, whose combustion increased the total heat Rankine, Tyndall, Maxwell and | and carrying 966 units latent heat passing into the furnace as steam of 212 starts its others make the statement, in various forms, | combustion from a higher level than or that when hydrogen and oxygen are present |dinary hydrogen, and reaches a_ higher in the fuel in the proportions to form water | temperature. So we say that the superiority they unite as such, and do not increase the|}of hydrogen over carbonic oxide in our total heat of combustion. From such testi- | furnaces is not due to the bigh flame tem mony it must be admitted that no surplus heat can be expected from the decomposition and recombination of the steam ; seen before, although the steam carries into the furnace 212 heat units due to its tem perature of hydrogen, as so many state, but rather from burning by while, as | tially heated up, as against carboni oxide lrogen already par Concluded on page y wm a =) a ae F> ~~ a _ was 2 THE IRON AGE. April 23, 1885 : Th | P| - zi &At a d/ PHILIP L MOEN, Presideut and Treasurer. CHAS. F. WASHBURN, Vice President & Secretary iia Gohan, WASHBURN & MOEN MANUFACTURING Co, ANSONIA BRASS AND COPPER CoO., MANUPACTURERS OF re eee ibs ad Cop | ~~ a_ | SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, | -<i@QSG@lie ass eee asl ere “£ Waterbury fied Co. German Silver and Gilding Metal, é ee Rafi ee Mfg. Company, Established 1831. | WORCESTER. MASS. MANUFACTURERS OF ‘ yd OPER Se less Brass and W. FE. DODGE . copper Tubing ESTABLISHED 1845 Copper Rivets and Burrs, apes > ag Wire, O’Neils’s Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, Copper Electrical Wire, Pins, a GQ. iyo — Mickel CERMAN SILVER, Brass Butt Hinges, = a. A. COWLES, Plated © OPP | Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire jaak Chain, : Secretary. BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, COPPER RIVETS AND BURS, BRASS KETTLES, Door Rail, Brass Tag*, 18 Murray Street, New York. ION CAP 71 Pearl Street, Boston. # ee eee = ee axe 115 Lake St., Chicago. . . 80 & 95 CEs Street, POWDER FLA , Rolling Mill, Factories, MANUVACTURERS OF Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, dc. _THOMASTON, Ct. | WATERBURY, Ct. IRON and SPH EL. WIRE, NEW YORK. Rrcreceol And small Brass Wares of every Descrip aoe Steel es Fencing, Patent — Wire Bale _ Ee a Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. Pinner n- cut eas $e 9 any len, len, Owners and excla Sole Agents for the rl e ort rass Day | sxe the ie PATENT Ot + ConriNvoU Us HOLL oy and Steel WIRE colle of 10 of 10 100 eo among ROLLING, Market and Stone Wire PHELPS DODGE & CO.., Capewell Mf. Co.’s Line of 8 sia Wire in cone Senge; ‘Conpered Pail-Bail tre ; hop. Hope, "bri lt, Screw, Rivet, Buckle ing Goods. MANUFACTURERS OF ad 'Chain W wire "tor the manufacture of Cart Chet otine. ES Heddles lano-string Cov vering ee TS Millis At Spiral Spring mn Wire an Refined Wire to Pattern for particular p eh made sug Glock, Machin 8 os Sor % ms IMPORTERS OF DEPOTS, R Sheet and Roll Brass, y, grade ¥ Wire furnished, Annealed, Brignt, Polished red: Galvanised or Tin Plated.” Wise feraiuken 296 Broadway, New York. § WATERBURY and Cut to any length. Steel Crinéline Wins Beat Linen finish. | Uneivaled Stoel M wale traignte TIN PLATE, | 125 eddy st. Providence, 8.1. Conn. | Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, | *> =< waeiuadacan.| tee tk, 18 Uae OG oad Gon ROOFING PLATE, TH E fi EW HAVE N Seamless and Brazed Tubing, . (Chicage, 107 and 109 Lake St. Copper and Iron Rivets. HOWARD & MORSE, Kerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &C. | 3 Ansonia Refined Inge t Copper, Anchor Brand; LAKE INGOT COPPER. —~—= Sheet Iron Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zinc, &c. co P P E R co., OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York, maNUPACTU LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, RERS OF ’ MANUFACTURERS OF ™ . SOLE MAKERS OF Clocks & Fly Fan Movements, | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS. COPPER AND BRASS. POLISHED GOPPER (2s BRASS COPPER AND IRON WIRE CLOTH, OLIFY STREET, NEW YORE. Bridgeport, Conn. | 19 Murray St., N. ¥. a2) = whe me, m ni sal i — Under Patent of T. James, Sept. 12, 1876. ALSO MANUFACTURERS AND Holmes, Booth & Haydens, } } ) ! } ) SCOVILL MFG. COMPANY DEALERS IN inateiiea. daum. Reece WATERBURY, - CONN., BOSTON, ie 8 Manufacturers of BRAZIERS & SHEATHING COPPER, 33 Fark Plage. 18 Federal St. poorierion BREE EEE BRASS.—Sheet Brass, Brass Wire, Brass Tubing. Bo Bol Clrel & AN ?)Sheet German Silver, German Silver ttom ts. re Cc. Manufacturers of all kinds of 5 ER.) Wire, German Silver Tubing. Kettles, % ’ ed "Bikers. |<" stop, Sirmeata Piskovere. | 200 Pearl Street_ - NEW YORK-/ Brass, Copper & German Silver, purrome,| Miter, Neral very, tociery aoe DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO., ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. ; | ’ ' eA UODS. ‘ee ee ae Gee Importers of PHOT Camera Boxes, Printing Frames, Fae Tec} ‘am ogee, Petat Peper, Giase, ee.| Cin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Copper, SRASS & COPPER WIRE, Seovill’s Patent Lock Box for Post Offices, Wire Zine Fte Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. DEPOTS , ’ ° 423 Broome by New York. 29 & 81 Cliff &t., cor. Fulton, BRASS & IRON 7 Devonshire on, Bost< 183 Lake Street _ Chicago. NICKERSON & CO., Liverpool. NEW YORE. “—— hei ah & ens | (On Gee Gee a, THE SAMSON | ceeman sttver spccns, “tsar” | SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, No. 14 Mesh, No. 23 Wire. Yo. 16 Mosh. No. 23 Wire. Yo. 18 Mesh, No. 25 Wire, ABRAM 8S. HEWITT, Pres., WM. HEWITT, Vice-Pres.. JAMESHALL, Treas,, E. HANSON, Sec. Tae TRENTON IRON CO., MANUFACTURERS OF WIRE Kerosene Burners, &c. IRON AND STEEL WIRE sO ° STRETCHER) een 2 Someeron.. i in the Market. di t; al Self-Adjust- inuing of Draft direct always Selt-Adjuat- | Ingot Copper, ""Spelter, Lead, Tin, it works at either end of the fence, at either Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, e of the post and either side up. 100 John Street, New York. Send for Price List ee ee Un, A, WG, LL . .. Trade. For sale by all leading wholesale Jobbing PASSAIC ZING C0 Hardware Houses and Barb Wire men in the United States. . a MANUFACTURED ONLY BY MANUFACTURERS OF SAMSON NOVELTY works Mos. 14 gl 6 Main St., De Kalb, Ills. re ure Spelter | May be FOR Plans and Estimates for Suspension Bridges F urnished on Application. BULLOCK HARDWARE CO.. Otterville, Ontario. | Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes Works and Office, TRENTON, NEW JERSEY. New York Office COOPER, HEWITT & C0.. 17 Slip. Philadelphia Office, 21 N. Fourth st. . cago OMlce, 170 born Strest. -* WIRES ROPE HAZARD MFG Co WAREROOMS : s7 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK. Works: BARRE, Fa. BRODERICK & BASCOM ROPE CO. WIRE ROPE BRODERICK& BASCOM ROPE Co. MANUFACTURERS OF IRON & STEEL WIRE ROPE. 704 & 7O6 N. Main St. St. Louis Mo. IRON ROOFING. AND ALL FINE WORK. Extra quality. Best plan in use. (Sold as low as any other, Also tor MANUFACTURED BY GALVANIZERS AND BRASS FOUNDERS. T. ©. SNYDER & CO., Canton, Ohio | MANNING g SQUIER, Gen’! Agents, ao heap, rons a and durable. Doce not get out of repelr very roof sol ‘even years satisfactor, Any mechanic mast Ghwunmwiumie. 111 LIBERTY ST. (2d Floor), NEW YORK. | Wi WH einer of the best ‘and. Cheapest) Metalibe ) = ESTABLISHED 1837, nee "-+#H. 8. CHASE, Geo. W. Prentiss & Co.., INOORPORATED 1876, Sec'y & Treas. HOLYOKE MASS., Manufacturers of Waterburv Mfg. Co., WATERBURY, CONN., Brass Goods Bright, Coppered, Annealed ana Tin Iowa Barb Wire Co., Plated. AlsoGUN SCREW WIRE Of all sizes straightened and cut to order. 98 READE STREET, EASTON, 89 LAKE STREET, New York, Pennusylvania. Chicago, Lil. s A. LESCHEN & SONS, sa ar) Manufacturers of @ = s ae 7 s > z= WIRE ROF 3 $2 c= a —_ 9038 & 905 N Main &t., ST. ——— moO. Correspondence invited ww. s. ESTE Yy, MANUFACTURER OF THE WIRE GOODS CO. RSS Worcester. Mass. E JENCKES MANFG. C0. Bright Wire Goods, Mill Wire Goods, Belt Hooks, Double-Pointed Tacks and Stap! w Picture Go ord, Clo thes Line Wire Hand Rail Screws, &e &c. Wires cut, be =. milled, strniahee a PAWTUCKET, R. L, OF BRASS, COPPER anc made Ww any desired shape. Orders solicited from the Trade for the full line of Screw : RON, ‘ Eyes, &c., known as Hardware Wire Goods Quality guaranteed the best in the market, ' Bri ht Wire Goods, Belt Hooks, f GALVANIZED a iat Special articles made to ord | SPRING PINS, KEYS AND COTTERS. =, a a A W. PARMELEE, Pres't THE WIRE COODS CO., Worcester, Mass. Bent Wire Goods of all kinds e Specialty. Iren and Stool I cometive goer Wire loth. Riddles fer Expert an | Foundry wee. Cea) . a . New Yerk Office, SS Chambers Street, a ending Werk of’every — SAMUEL A. HAINES, Selling Agent NO. ‘86 ee “sT., ° ” NEW YORK, Bra Vv Double \ Wire & Desoriptive Circular and Price ROE 82 AM PP sz Solicitec WILL I RE AXES Ad SPANT te 1p e Wire, Buck] ow an y Iron, nished, Musie TH, tion. th St. iS ‘Buyyoeg dwey : | ril 23, 1885. ‘222 LRON AGE. CARY & MOEN, Manufacturers of STEEL WIRE forall purposes and STEEL SPRINGS of every description. 2 0. LINDEMANN & CO., Manufacturers of | a Japanned, Brass, | Conductors’ = Revolving Tin Plate | Punch, Flower Stand, Ww rought-i iron Fence. Chair. Punch, and Wood BIRD CAGES Original inventor: and patentees of = Bright Metal Cages = constructed without solder. 254 Peari St. NEW YORK. COVINGTON, Ky. Manufacturers ot WIRE GOODS OF ALL KINDS, Wrought-iron Fencing, Cresting and Hardware Specialties. Send for Illustrated Catalogue and Price List. Al 4A. A * f A AAR sal ir Aaa Hit neeeen LEARN ai EN) > FRED. J. MEYERS MFG. CO., TELLER ARAL LOL MLL LLELLLLALLLALEALALAL LED WU LULL ie 3 ) *' MU te Li ~ ea ae = > RS > e 2s > he a > = ) hi > b > > i / | } Market Steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered, Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture a co ne on hand, ¥34, 936 a and nd 238 West t 29th Street, NEW YORK Wire Counter Ratling =71 | IRON AND BRASS RIVETS, | Studs, Pins, Screws, &c., For Manufacturers of Light Hardware, BLAKE & JOHNSON, Waterbury, Conn. WN Sat , Qu] Walia’ Pe | For the accommodation of the | Trade and to insure prompt ship- LUDLOW- SAYLOR WIRE 6O., | ments, the Gautier Steel Department T. LOUIS, | of Cambria Iron Co., Johnstown, Pa., will carry the following sizes of their celebrated “PERNOT” Spring Steel MANUFACTURERS OF ae pos to W. S. TYLER, | BRASS, STEEL AND | | GALVANIZED WIRE, in stock: FOUNDRY RIDDLES, COKE AND COAL : : SCREENS. | Sizes of Spring Steel in Stock. Superior Quality. .S. TYLER, Pres. E. H. ALLEN, See. & Treas ' ; , CLEVELAND, OHIO. | = ; = . ; Gauge. i v8 and . ; Gauge. ® ’ 4% 160 - means | 14x23 | 24 x¥n Hi," 23” WIRE, WIRE CLOTH, WIRE ROPE, Counter Railings, Window Guards, Iron and Wire Fences, PLAIN AND BARBED FENCING WIRE. 13f x ao ig 2% x ‘4 a nf| 3x1, 2, 3 Gauge. This Steel is put up in bundles of 87 Chambers St. 703 Market St. NEW YORK, _— PHILADELPHIA, 150 to 160 pounds N | Wi ( | C ini Railroad Quality. ati 0 Nn qd If e | Nn ro Nn 0. 3x ys. 3 2%, 4x %, DETROIT, MANUFACTURERS OF MICH., Iron Stairs, Railings, Illuminated Sidewalk Tile, Shutters, Guards FOUNDRY SUPPLIES. JUHMN A, McCOSH, Sec. and ‘reas Brass and Copper Wire, 3xih 34 x %. Railroad Spring Steel in bars (4 WIRE CLOTH to 18 feet long. of every description, New York Office, Chicago Office, 104 READE ST. 100 DEARBORN ST. Double Selvage, Painted Wire Window Cloth. Philadelphia Office, 523 ARCH ST. rit MPSON MoCOSH, President LIFTER AND WIRE NETTING FOR FENCING, (No. 107.) BARB Wi RE CARRIER. POULTRY YARDS, &c., HOWARD EVANS. 50m SF wot MOLDERS’ TOOLS, Gem Steam Fruit & Vegetable Drier, FOUNDRY FACING, For Evaporated Fruits. MOLDING SAND, FOUNDRY SUPPLIES, Wire Rope for Mines, Elevators, Cables and Transmission of Power, NO DANGER OF CU TING HANDS OR TEAK ING CLOTHES. SAVES THE PRICE OF THE LIFTER MANY TIMES EVEKY DAY WIRE CORDS FOR PICTURES WINDOW SASHES, &c., &c. . = Vanu/factured = 3 J. A. EMERICH & CO., sale be = Sole yy ¢ : 1056 to 1076 Beach St. PHILADELPHIA. [PATENTED.] : : Hawkeye Steel:Barb Fence Co., Burlington, lowa. . . Our Agents, John H. Graham & Co.,113 Chambers St. carry stock of Our Lifters. and Will supply at Factory Prices = ~ : : this pattern of our firs —_————_—_— - e x CA KY oT iiss Compos te Wrought.tfron\Railil- - 5 3 iriggtatathe rate of $1.50 per lineal ft." 3 ftUhigh. ~ : Z eX {\ \ \ () iS ) The, Chilled iron’ OmamentS¥are¥poured onto. the = > roughtjlron Rods, welding the panel into one’ piece & ; without joints or crevices for rust.to enter. It is made to - z > VV V1 [ \ /| ly V VI [ \ / \ [| eee etre ate The above cut represents Preston’s Patent Braided Cable Wire Fence Rail, manufactured by the _ 2 d. osite Iron Works Co. 83 Reade &t., N.Y. HOLLOW CABLE MFG. CO., Hornelisville, N. ¥. We also manufacture extensively 5 2 four different sizes Wire Clothes Lines. Send for Circulars and Price Lists. - S aeupene eee , c. &, CHAMBERLAIN: 55 Dearborn St. a Chicago, il. . s ae Estab'd 1418. Incorp’d 157}. ee. oct i ras , Gilbert & Bennett Mf. C — ¥ ilbert & Bennett Mfe, Co as » C Tee TeeI ees 4 & SPENCER Co. WAREHOUSES : 422CLIFF ST., NEW YORK, HARTFORD a een CULLEN & NEWMAN, Knoxville, Tenn,, aE hoes er Sas Ceo MANUFACTURERS i. SCREW PLATES AND a i MANUFACTURERS OF F mare. * > lron& Galvanized Wire | Bilis ewer 5 “IPA twee mal Te PATENT “OFFICE. Sleves and Wire Cloth. Power Loom Painted and Galvan ized Window Screen Wire Cioth Galvanized Wire Cloth for Dezing pulse, Bg Feb re ence alvanized wist . / Wire Poultry Netting. TO 2 INCH a Factories, Georgetown, Cc onn. iT i Se [ \A RD AND OF AN INCH a at ete THREAD. ALSO WHITWORTH THREAD <COEDER & BRIESEN, 82 and 84 Nassau Street, NEW YORK. AMERICAN AND FOREIGN PATENTS Solicited promptly and at the lowest rates. Ciuinsaeirtiiienadintenetiniiimtinniitiimieiaiaata Coldwell’ s Lawn and Garden , ee ROP FORGED : 0 4748 Edger and Trimmer Is so constructed that it trims the sod as well as the grass, thus doing the work of edging shears and edging knife, and doing it much better and quicker. It will pay for itself in one season. MANUFACTURERS OF =>, NEW HAVEN NUT GO. HOT-PRESSED NUTS AND WASHERS. | oe . & WESTVILLE. CONN, >, : For terms, address : “ = WILLIAM MANN, JR., & CO. m COLDWELL, WILCOX & CO.. WICKWIRE BROTHERS, CORTLAN LEWISTOWN, PA, | xewonnen - v. v.|WIRE CLOTH and WIRE GOODS MANUFACTURERS OF i= . . — : si ie Dish Covers, “CORTLAND” | PRIZE MELDAL LISTS. RED WARNRION Exhkibitiens 4. 1 1862 1968 eri. fa7b, Pons and only Award and Medal a for Notseless Btee! Corn Poppers, Coal Sieves 1878, ana Melbourne 158 Flour Sieves AXES, BROAD AXES, CLARK, BUNNETT & CO.” Limited. Etc,, Ete. Price, 87.00. Late CLARK & COMPAN Inventors and Sole Patentees of Noiseless, Self-Coiling, Revolving Steel Shutters. Adzes, Broad Hatchets, | Fire and Burglar Proof. Also improved Rotting Woop Suurrexs of various kinds, and Patent Mera.lic Venetian BLinps. SPANISH AXES AND TOOLS. | Office and Manufactory - - 162 & 164 West 27th Street, New York. | Window SCREEN WIRE CLOTH, Metallic Stove Sieve. rs ty’ =~ ZA f * ua f « es - - V4 in _ 4 cs aa Fen at a Ant “~ rt >? = er = xe ht Ls tae a hatha ?- S lsiaiieaaiill tee Miele ate i a ns ; - ro ee eee wv. THH TRON AGE. April 23, isg; BiApril 2 EE ————— OGDEN & WALLACE, 85, 87,89 & 91 Elm St., New York. 0 Beekman St,, New York City, MANUFACTURERS OF [ron =2 Steel Galvanized Sheet Iron) Cut Nails Of every description kept in stock. Agents for Park, Brother & Co.'s Best Bloom, Best Refined and Common. Galvanized Wire, Telegraph and Fence ; Galvanizec “1 f T ~THKE Hoop and Band Ir yn. Gulvanized Kot and Bar Iron, BLAC KK I )I A M¢ IN D S I EE I = Gal vanize ad Ne ails, Galvanized Chain, Galvanized Iron "ip All sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel con stantly on hand, CORRUGATED SHEET IRON For Roofing, &c,, Galvanized, Plain or Painted. Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common ’ 5 - SHEET IRON. PLATE AND TAnkK IRON, 24 TO 27 WEST ST., Cor. Morris, New York City. lron & Steel. COMMON & REFINED IRON, oops, Rods, Scrolls, Bands, Ovals, FOX & DRUMMOND, Horse Shoe, Nail Rods, Steel, &c. _ Orders promptly filled from stock. CAST IRON GAS AND WATER PIPE 2 TO 48 INCHES DIAMETER. ABFEL BROS.. 68 Wall Street, NEW YORK. IRON MERCHANTS, |24¢ES Wiitamson & co., j SCOTCH AND AMERICAN 190 SOUTH 8ST., t NEW YORK. “A.R.M.CO.” SHAFTING.| PIG IRON, ALSO GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF “ NORWAY,” “ULSTER,” “ CATASAUQUA,” | ———— eax ae Lee ada ened. Ulst } ste e r ri ro n Ww Oo rk S, STEEL OF ALL KINDS. TELEPHONE CALL, “ NASSAU, 379.” SAUGERTIES, ULSTER COUNTY, NEW YORK, A. R. WHITNEY & CO,, WILLIAM MULLIGAN, MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALE Iron and Steel DANIEL F. COONEY, 88 Washington St., BOILER PLATES AND SHEET IRON, LAP-WELDED BOILER FLUE Boiler Rivets. Angle & T Iron, Cut Nails & ae NORWAY STERL & IRON CO., Homogeneous Agenc v for Glasgow Iron Co., Joseph L. Bailey & Co. H. No. 1, C.H. No.1 Flange, Best Flange, Bes st Paae Fire Bi »x ( ‘ireles ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF IRON WORK GALVANIZED OR TINNED TO ORDER. rice list and quotas ons sent upon application. AGENCIES: ronsees * TRON CO., Limited, Merchant Iron and Steel Plate Pine Iron Works, Lebanon ‘Rolling Mills, Allison BAY scare TRON CO., Tank, Boiler and Girder | Boiler Flue, Albany & Rens. Iron and Steel Co.'s cele- Plate brated Bollvr Rivets ; Homogeneous Sceel, Boller and BRANDYWINE BOLLING, tL. Seer Plates, Fire Box Plates. Ww ns oiler Flues AMOBYERS £CO.,Wrought ira Pipe. || 1. EF’. JSUDSON, ¢ mitec ro CARNEGIE BR ( manele, Shapes s and Shafting. Importer of and Dealer in fae BAe. PIPE AND TU TUBE CO. SCOTCH AND AMERICAN > f hed and tract a maieforerecting In tructures fever) descr | > 2 Cron, tion. Books To c es ce ae y- on a eces on epplictrens $6 Hudson St. New York. New York. Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, BORDEN & LUVELL, | OLD METALS. . . 457 & 459 Water St. Commission Merchants, 2#*«2ssouursc;} NEW YORK. ntttreaeseandatpnimeampenstttiibbeeie tinea atte a 70 & 71 West 8St., A STOCK OF LX. LOVELL, Hay, Manure Fork, Hoe, Spade. GREEN f — NEW YORK. R Hi PREKLAND, te ake and Shovel Handles Agents for the sale o For Sale, Low, in any Quantities. oo JOHN BROWER, Sl Murray St. Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, Bands, Hoops & Rods, AND CHAS.F: LT Company’s| Borden Mining pany ) pe oe Cumberland Coals. as -F yy « le VOUGHT & WILLIAMS, Pe MACHINERY, TIRE AND |Mitets/J/4ai(, LOLA OOe SPRING STEEL. AGENTS FOR HELLER BROS.’ WM. McFARLAND, Clay Crucible Cast Steel. Iron and Brass Founder, 288 GREEN WICH STREET, NEW YORK. TED & AMERICAN) TRENTON, M. J. ares Chilled Cast Wire Dies a Specialty. PIG | RON. Any size ___Any size or style made at sl made at short tnotice, “PLAIN WORDS ABOU — LAKE SUPERIOR CHARCOAL IRON, For Malleable and Car-Wheel Purposes, A SPECIALTY. CHARLES HIMROD & CO., Free to Inventors and Mapatee oo E. B. STOCK ING, Atty., Washington, D. C. Please mention this CHICAGO AND DETROIT, | Puper. PASSAIC ROLLING MILL CO., Manufacture and have always in stock ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Ohannels, Angles, Tess, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forgings, Bye Bars, 2c, PATERSON, N. J. —o~ <-> Roem 45, Astor House, New York. CUT NAILS. Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c, DOVER IROD BOILER RIVETS, Boiler Brace Jaws, Socket Bolts, &c. FULLER BROTHERS & CoO., L VARIETY METAL BOOM. | RON COV’S iron Foundry and Machine Shop. Marshall Leffens & Co... CQ) X FORD). 0. WOOD & C0., L'd, JAMES F; WITHEROw, PITTSBURGH, PaA.. RD. wD 4 00. Cast Iron Pipe WILL Engineer & Contractor, & PITTSBURGH, PA. Agent for the Steel Bl WHITWELL §— * HOT BLAST STOVES C. OVER 600 IN USE IRON AND NAIL CO., ‘ AND SFiS. _ J. 8. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, na 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, MANUFACTURERS OF PATENT The following parties either have them to use ander construct NEW YORE. P s Cedar Point Iron Co., N. ¥ anis e ee ron. Dunbar Furnace Co., "Pa. Crane Iron Co., Pa, ADD HAR RISON P Pennsy ivania & Steei C i? Pa. j JOHN J : 6th 1874 |. fae se she ; dct. e ih aes } R. H. Colema n, Le bation, o . : Chester Rolling Mill Co., Pa. IRON AND METAL DEALER, . 1877; Feb.’ 6th 1877 ; Dec.’ roth, "1878 ; Davenport, Fairbairn & Co., Pa | an. roth, 1882 ; Jan. 1st, 1884 ; Feb. rath, 1884; Isabella Furnace Co., Pa. 558, 60, 662 WATE R. st. & 302, 304, 306 CHERRY ST. March 4th, 1884 ; Jan. 6th, 1885. Paxton Furnaces, Pa. EW YORK, Spearman [ron Co., Pa. has on pend, and one rs toe sale, 2, Wrou aby 1 Sa Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the Etna Iron Works, Ohio. te Scotch and American Pig — roug Machinery Scrap [ro on, Cc ar Wheels, Axles and He ee IM P YR’ < xTTCC ; enone Tarren onto hio. 218 So Wrought tog als¢ — ‘oO ppe r, Composition, Bras 4 ( R rE E D R i SSI A | R¢ YN , A. Campbell & Sons, Ohio. Lead, Pewter, Zinc Hocking Valley Iron Co., Ohio. Cleveland Rolling Mill Co., Ohie - ' Meier Iron Co., Il). ALSO North Chicago Stoel Co., TL . Union Iron and Steel Co., IIL Common, Refined, Charcoal and Juniata and at a less price. BU RDEN'S HORSE SHOES. Means & C alberteon, - Ashland Furnace Co., Ky . Norton [ron C GRADES OF Southern States C. “i! ands 8. Co., Tenn Sewanee Furnace Co., Ten BLA 7 SHEET IRON, James C. Warner, Ris ‘ing Fawn, Ga, Beam Ohio Iren Co., Zanesville Smooth « on both sides. _Sloss ‘Furnace Co., Ala. SYRACUSE MALLEABLE/WHEELING NAILS, fevro: E} IRON WORKS. Laughlin Nail Co., a tin s« iW. & BOSSA” SOLE ACENT, 97 Chambers Street, New York. “Burden Best” Iron Mower and Reaper Castings and Carriage Irons a Boiler Rivets. Specialty. Manhattan Rolling Mill. er. a Ww. B. BURNS, Proprietor, J LEO N A R D, PENNSYLVANIA IRON WORKS | 445 to 451 West St., NEW YORK pene oat —_—_ 177 & 179 Bank St,, esennses Everson, Hammond & Orr, Ltd., MANUPACTURER OF Ww. SECOND AVE., PITTSBURGH, PA..;| HORSE SHOE IRO N, a a oe Toe Calk Steel, Rods, Ovals, Half Ovals aud Flas. NEW Light Sheet Iron. | Keystone ROLLING MILL, Limited THE BURDEN IRON CO. ___ TROY, N. Y. Croy Ul L sT E R ROOFING SHEET Maoufacturers of of all grades a specialty. HE NORT BURDEN’S Prices quoted en te phakic I EF, <> TRI . woss BAY Also for “ L a B. & S. Bar lron. CORRUGATED mente IRON ROOFING & SIDING, Pittsburgh, Pa, a Also Best Grades of Y Se Sees American & English Refined Iron. Bonnell, Botsford & Co., All sizes and shapes in stock. IRON, NAILS AND SPIKES 5 Dey Street, NEW YO YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, Jr., Prest JOHN CALDWELL, Treas. T. W. WELSH, Supt. H. H. WESTINGHOUSE, Gen'l Agt. W. W. CARD, Secy. Ta Be — Westinghoas Air-Brake Co, PITTSBURGH, PA., U. S.A. MANUFACTURERS OF THE WESTINGHOUSE AUTOMATIC BRAKE, Westinghouse Locomotive Driver Brake, Vacuum Brakes (Westinghoase & Smith Patents). pede eet B WESTINGHOUSE FREIGHT BRAKE. 2 The Automatic Freight Brake is essentially the same apparatus as the Automatic Brake tos passenger cars, quarrs that the various parts are so combined as to oo practically one piece mechanism, and is so ” a waz low pate. The saving in accidents, flat wheels, brakemen’s wages BOLT & RIVET CLI PPERS. avd y short time. speed possible with perfect safety, will repay the cost a its application within a very sho For ony off the ends of Bolts and Bivete, on e “* Automatic” has proved itself to be the must efficient Train and Safety Brake known. Its SHAF ns, harness, em os is instantaneous ; it can be operated from any car = the train if desired, and shoul |: ¢ GUARANTEE is xiven custc! ers EGLESTON BROS, & CO.. 26) Front St | NEW YORK CITY. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., IRON MERCHANTS Cor, Albany & Washington Sts., NEW YORK OITY. b Ww. H. Wattace, Wa. Bispnam. FE. C. Watiace Iron Dulidings, Bost, Deters, | Doors, Cornices y ridges. ig MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND A ad co., where dodanie bo your hesduare, or send for cir lar an CHAMBERS, BROTHER & CoO., 63d St., below Lancaster Ave., Philadeiphia, Pa. trai yy ~ or hose or pipe fail, it applies automatically. equinat trom PATENT SUITS on the apparatus sold them The WESTINGHOUSE BRAKE is now fitted to upward of 15,000 ENGINES AND 80 O00 CARS, and is adopted by the potaaipal mapeage in all parts of the world. _ FULL INFORMATION FURNISHED ON APPLICATION. LEECHBURG IRON WORKS. KIRKPATRICK & CO., LIMITED Manufacture of all Grades of FINE SHEET IRONS, (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, &c.) NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OFFICE, No, 143 First Ave., re, Pa. ~~ CHAMPION HOC RINCER RINGS and HOLDER. Only double ring ove invented. - WORKS, Leechburg, Pa, BROWN’ Ss HOC AND PIC RINGER and RINGS. Only ane ae c ip the market th on the outside : if ibe nose. Nosharp | ta Se nose to k« “D it Gs LE BILL The Ring that will effectu- CORN HUSKER Hogs from is she best Husker in the aed L root o sharp ers say it points in the © Bose, fethe mae “Use mo other. 1 Ringers, 7sc. Rings, soc. 100. Holders, 75c. Huskers, «sc. r MINE] oa, aaeee. a BERING & QUINLAN, Exclusive Manufacturers, Decatur, | X MINI t JOUR J. GPOWERS, ALEXANDER BUBNB, Manager. a FAC THE JERSEY CITY GALVANIZING CO., TH GALVANIZED MATERIAL OF EVERY | DESCRIPTION. GALVANIZING IN ALL ITS BRAN Rails, B; Galvanized Sheet Lron—Best Bloom, Best t Ratned, Common. a tet oe Round, Square Band a0/ PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of FOR WATER AND GAS, AMP POSTS, VALVES, ETC. Math+w’s Pat. Arti-Freezing Hydrants. 400 CHESTNUT STREET. Hoop >be. &c., &. § Rive a wneral OMe STEAM HEATING BY DIRECT RADIATION All G in all its Branches a Specialty. Brass and other — V Metal Moulding, Casting and Finishing. Noiseless — AO RI Vertical Engines, Hydrants, Fire Plugs, &c. FRAS. B, BANNAN, om | _ Pottsville, Schuylkill Co., Pa. of Sheets. LIGHT W. Ce Gal Black and Painted. iron ted for the Trad Corrugated Sheet tron a Specialty, vanized, i Oorruga' * | WOR? S, GREEN AND BAY STREETS, JERSEY CITY, W. 1. OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE, 98 JOHN STREET NEW yor«. respon 139 Greenwich Street, New York. “9, 1885, ——— ROW. IRDON, ractor, A. :é VES bm 1D use or ILS, 0., SS. D, YORK, JRON, and Fiais. Limited, “I, PIKES 110. LSH, Supt. 0, river AK E. Brake for ne piece of yn’s wages tion within tnown. Its shoul! t:e custe! ers Ts, &c.) werg, Pa. WN'S ND PIC nd RINGS. fle King ‘2 th nat < wee side f = harp | to ke — it atur, | nager. Co., |ON. Band #00 suges id oe ects. yorr. April 93, 1885. WILLIAM R. HART & CO., AMERICAN AND FOREIGN pig IRON, SPIEGELEISEN, steel Blooms, Crop Ends, Tin Plates, &c. No, 224 South Third St. PHILADELPHIA. Heavy Rails, iC Railway F'astenings, am b ri 2 STREET RAILS Cambria Iron Co,, Office, 918 South Fourth St., Philadelphia, Pa. THE PHCENIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron | HENRY LEVIS & CO., Manufacturers’ Agents For —— Steel Rafis, Car Wheels, Boiler and ect "—s = General Railway ments. out Rata, nates Ba BR bought and sold. 934 8. ath 83t., Philadelphia. Light Rails, Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, |« STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, and built up shapes fo Iron Bridges. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variety of SHAPE IRON made te order. Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty Street. BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymarek St. ~ ALAN WOOD & CO., | MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charceal Bloom PLATE «e SHEET IRON, ALSO LIGHT PLATES AND SHEETS OF STEEL, No. 519 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. s¢ for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, _— pet Last, Stamping, Ferrule, Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Iron, 206 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia. 61 Pine St., New York, NEW AND OLD RAILS, BLOOMS, BESSEMER PIC, Crop Ends, Spiegeleisen, Iron Ores and Railroad Supplies Generally. AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR HE NORTH LONSDADE IRON & STEEL CO., Limited, Bessemer Pig Iron, brand “Ulverston ;” yowtillcable Pig tron, brand U. BTEEL CO., Limited, Spiegeleisen, Crop Ends, &c. ) ” leable Charcoa! Pig Iron and N. B. ALLEN & CO.’S Dinas Fire Bricks. iiso Sole ina iis WHITE RIVER MINING CO’S. Arkansas Manganese Ore, Guaranteed 50 per cent, Metallic |_cent, Metallic Manganese, AEE JAS. ROWLAND & CO, Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, 9290 North Delaware 4ve., - PHILADELPHIA, ANVIL BRAND REFINED MERCHANT BAR IRON. etn ee —* specialty; also Rounds, Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop PENCOYD IRON WORKS. A. @e PP. ROBERTS c& CO., MANUFACTURERS OF BEAMS, CHANNELS, DECK BEAMS, ANGLES, " THES, PLATES, MERCHANT BAR. SHAFTING AND ROLLED OR HAMMERED AXLES OF IRON OR STEEL ce, No, 36 8S. Fourth St., Philadelphia. Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. JT. Ww. RPAZSSON coe CO., DEALERS IN MOULDING SAND, 1021 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA, PA., > Nee MANUFACTURERS ix "1 NERAL, OHARCOAL FACING, ANTHRACITE FACING, LEAD FAOING, RIPDLES, SHOVELS, THE ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILLS, Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, ; Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. —aeral vice, 237 South Third 8t., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa. N ORTH BROTHERS, lron Founders, LIGHT CASTINGS A SPECIALTY. W. Cor. 23d and Race Streets, PHILADELPHIA. °“rrespondence solicited. Established 1847. A. WHITNEY & SONS, Car Wueet Works, PHILADELPHIA. Special Wheels for Furnace and Mine Cars. BE IRON EDWARD J. ETTINC, IRON BROKER AND COMMISSION MERCHANT, 222 S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. PIC, BAR and RAILROAD IRON OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &c. Agent for the MOUNT SAVAGE FIRE BRICK. EXCLUSIVE AGENT FOR LYNCHBURG IRON CO., Iynchburg, Va., Foundry and Forge Pig Iron. STORAGE WHARF AND YARD, Delaware Avenue above Cajlowhill 8t., connected by track with rail- road. Cash advances made on Iron. Jas. G. Lrypaay. Tos. S. ParvIn. LINDSAY, PARVIN & CO., Successors to Luoyp & Lrypsay, 828 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. Iron Ship and Bridge Builders’ Materials, Steel and Iron Shapes and Bars, Sheet Iron, Sheet Steel, Pig Iron, Muck Bars, Plate Girders for Bridges and Buildings. Contracts placed for Iron Structures. Ethelbert W atta. Jos. C. Poulterer, ETHELBERT, WATTS & CO., Iron Brokers and Commission Merchants, Ho. 220 So. Third Street, Philadelphia, BALES AGFNT® FOR Pennsylvania avd Virginia Pig Iron, **Corn- wall,’’ ** Cheste’,’’ and Other Iron Ores, Dealers in Old Rails and Iron and Steel Se rap of all kinds. Corre apente nce solicited, ‘+ & R. WISTER & co., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 230 So, 4th St., Philadelphia. AGENTS Kemble and Norway Foun(ry and Forge Pig Iron. Wyebrooke C, B. Charcoal Pig Iron. Buchanan Red Short Pig [ron. DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF SCRAP IRON. MORRIS, WHEELER & OO., IRON, STEEL & NAILS. WAREHOUSE and OFFICES, | SALES OFFICES 16th & Market Sts., 400 Chestnut St., PHILA. PA. PHILA., PA. New York Address, 14 CLIFF 8ST. REUBEN HAINES, CHEMIST, 738 Sansom 8t., Philadelphia. Analysis of Ores of Iron and other Metals, Pig Iron and Steel. Assay of Gold and Silver Ores. Water Anal m3 Fonte Manuf’ing and Househol TAYLOR--LANGDON G@AS—ROASTED BESSEMER ORE, Specially adapted to Soft Foundry or Highest Grades of Mill Iron. J. WESLEY PULLMAN, | WOODBRIDGE CLAY MINING CO.’S FIRE BRICK 240 Se. 3d St., Philadelphia. AGE. ——— JUSTICE OOX, Jr. CHARLES K. BARNS. JUSTICE COX, JR, & CO., aeunre FOR CHICKIES, OONEWAGO, MONTGOMERY ANT SHENANDOAH Foundry & Forge Pig Iron. CARBON ROLLING MILL CO., Limited, Best Quality Muck Bar. CATASAUQUA MFG, CO,’S Bar, Angie, Skelp and Sheet Iron. Shenandoah (Va.) Best Charcoal Blooms. No. 224 So, Fourth St., PHILA DELPHIA, JEROME KEELEY & C€O., 206 Walnut Place, Philadelphia, SELLING AGENTS FOR CHARCOAL and ANTHRACITE BLOOMS, PIG IRON, BAR IRON, SHEET IRON, STREL and IRON RAILS IRON CLAD STEEL RAILS and BARS, MAGNETIC and HEMATITE IRON ORES. FIRE BRIC K, COAL and COKE. MUCK BARS. Handle Old Iron and Steel Rails, Scrap Iron &c. Examine and negotiate sales of Iron an Coal properties. E. H. Wilson. A. Kaiser. J. B. M. Hirons. E. H. WILSON 4 CO., 930 Seuth Third Street, Philadelphia. BROKERS AND DEALERS IN IRON AND STEEL. _Correspondence solicited. J. W. HOFFMAN & co., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 208 South Fourth St., Philadelphia, SELLING AGENTS, PINE IRON WORKS, Pine Brand Plates; GLASGOW IRON CO., Plates and Muck Bars ; SPRANG 8TEEL & IRON CO.’ (L imited), Stemens Martin (Open-Rearth) Steel, Universal and Sheared P lates, Angles and JNO. L. HOGAN, IRON COMMISSION MERCHANT, 411 & 413 Walnut St., Philadelphia. Pig Iron & Ores, Steel & Iron Blooms, Agent for Brier Hilllron and Coal Co., Youngstown Steel Co. Open Hearth Metal, Charcoal Iron, Connellsville Coke, Old Rails, Scrap, &e. ANDOVER PIG IRON, FOR BEST MILL PRODUCTS. Andover Ohili Iron for Oarwheels, &c. Each pig marked exact chill depth (44 Inch to % inch), A. Whitney & Son’s standard test. F. A. Comiy, Treas. J. Wes_ey PULLMaAS, Agent. 240 So. 3d St.. Philadelphia. J. J. MOR, 430 Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA, PA. Sole Agent for | Berttas, Leesport, Temple, Lvnch- burg, Millcreek and Mt. Laurel FOUNDRY and FORGE PIG IRON, CHARCOAL Pic IRON, Also PLYMOUTH ROLLING MILL CO., ©nshgkocken, MANUFACTURERS OF Pig lron, Foundry and Forge. Puddled Bars, Special for Axles, Best Neutral and Common TESTED Plate and Sheet Steel, Every description of Light Plates and Sheets of Steel. Plate and Sheet Lron, Best Bloom, Tube, Cleaned, Best Refined, Skelp, Blue Annealed and Common. P artic ular attention given n to Iron for Special Purposes, CHAINS. BRADLEE & CO., EMPIRE CHAIN WORKS, 816 Richmond 8&t., - - PHILADELPHIA. Chains for Foundry Cranes and Slings. ‘‘D. B. C.’’ Special Crane Chain. Steel and Iron Dredging, Slope and Mining Chains. Ship’s Cables and Marine Railway Chains. CUMBERLAND NAIL AND IRON CO. MANUFACTURERS OF “Cumberland” Nails and Wrought Iron Pipe, 43 North Water Street and 44 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA. J. TATNALL LEA & CO., Successors to CABEEN & OO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, No. 400 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. BESSEMER, MILL AND FOUNDRY PIG IRON, SKELP IRON, MUCK AND SCRAP BARS NATIVE AND FOREIGN ORES. AGENTS FOR CONNELLSVILLE COKE. Rods, &c. LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR-WHEEL TIRES Manufactured from the celebrated OTIS STEEL BRAND ZF STANDARD Z Quality and efficiency fully guaranteed. Prices as low as any of the same quality. We manufacture Heavy and Light Forgings, Driving and Car Axles, Crank Pins, Piston THE STANDARD STEEL WORKS, Werks at LEWISTOWN, PA. - 220 8. ath St., Philadelphia, Pa. BOOTH, GARRETT & BLAIR, ANALYTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMISTS, 919 and 921 Chant St. 10th St. above Chestnut St.), Philadelphia, Pa. Bstablished in 1836, Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys of all kinds. A special department for the ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, fitted with all the a pperatus and applian: Blags, Limesto Coals, Clays, Fire San: Baltimers.” Price lists on application = ces for the rapid and accurate analysis of Iron, Stee &c, Agents for sampling ores ip New York and Iron 2) SSN (Concluded from page I.) adulterated with nitrogen. Ww ere this radiant heat from the under part of the fire caught by the entering supply of air, and thus re- turned to the fire, the result would be as good, while the waste of heat already pointed out would be avoided. Although it seems possible that, theoretically. an increase of temperature may result from this reasoning, there are other things to be considered Steam is introduced below boilers to cause a long flame, and to give each tube an opportunity to do its share in transmitting heat to the water. by prolong ing the combustion. This is departing from the instructions of Tyndall, who directs us to concentrate to obtain intensity And as time and space are prime factors in obtain ing intensity, can we e xpect that 1 pound of hydrogen, occupying 188 cubict: feet of space can compete with 1 aaa of carbonic oxide, occupying but 13 feet? The increase in the products of combustion, the waste of heat already shown and the effect of dissociation, about which so little is known, all combine to reduce this theoretical difference of a few hundred degrees, until it is doubtful if in practice any gain of intensity is produced by the use of steam. The saving of the bars is claimed as a minor matter, but it is of slight importance, and within a month an English patent, in one of its claims, proposes to preserve the grates by keeping them away from contact with the steam. The prevention of clinker is a matter of more importance. This is to be brought about by the reduction of the intensity of the fire, which causes the clinker to fuse. Whether we are justified in reduc ing the intensity of the ordinary furnace by causing a waste of fuel is a debatable ques tion. In a regenerative furnace, where it would seem the combustion might be con- trolled by other means, water is often used to reduce intensity, while the primary air is often heated to promote intensity ee Broken Screw-Shafts. The difficulties and dangers resulting from broken screw-shafts have given rise to the following comments in the London Engineer : A broken shaft is, taking the percentage of cases, so relatively rare an occurrence that shipowners seem to be content to run the risk of it rather than incur the cost at which it might be obviated. We say ‘‘ might be” advisedly, because there is not as yet, so far as we are aware, any practicable method devised to guard against such a con- tingency. There is a consideration far more important than that of mere economy to be given to this question—one which cannot be in the least balanced by the insurance, which covers a monetary loss only. Of course we are cognizant of the fact that everything— every improvefnent that may be proposed— must have a money basis. Shipowners will not run ships the cost of constructing which is such as to preclude a paying return, and in these days of hard times for the shipping interest every item of outlay has to be closely scrutinized, and those to whom consideration of this subject may recommend itself must have their thoughts constantly given to this primary difficulty. Yet it seems to us that, were the occurrences of shaft breaking referred to their primary cause, compara- tive immunity from them might be secured at a cost which would not be held to be prohibitory. The transmission of power between the prime mover and the screw of a steamship has to be made under conditions wholly dif ferent to those which exist on land. In the latter instances we have always a fixed and immovable base upon which to act, while in a steamship—build her as rigidly as we may we have a base which, under the wave movement of a ship, is constantly varying Unless the screw-shaft, which is, under our present practice, fixed as rigidly in a straight line as possible, can be made to possess such a modicum of elasticity as shall enable it to ac commodate itself to the change of line to which its base is constantly being subjected, accidents such as we now treat of must be of not infrequent occurrence, At present a screw-shaft has, in fact, largely to resist in its bearings the tendency of the ship to buckle, so to speak, under varying strains ; and there can be little doubt but that it is to this resistance thrown upon it that not only are such accidents to shafts frequently due, but that we may find in it to a great extent the cause why, even with the best devised machinery, there is so great a loss between the power developed by the engines and that usefully employed in propelling the ship. It is ar gued by many, who are content to regard the difficulty as insuperable, that, given the possibility of overcoming it, it can only be by means of such complicated contrivances as will by themselves be a more fruitful cause of breakdowns than is the present truly simple arrangement But we cannot shut our eyes to the fact that scarcely any improvement has been introduced with regard to steamship machinery to which an objection of this character has not been taken. When the compound engine was introduced, caviling was freely used upon the grounds we have stated, and much of it appeared almost unanswe srable. ‘There did seem to be a liability