The Iron Age 1885-01-08: Vol 35 Iss 2

1885. < = | a INDEX TO READING MATTER PAGE A Published every Vol. XX XV: No. 2. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL. The Structure of Coal, In a paper read by Mr. E. Wethered, at the Montreal meeting of the British Associa- tion, on the structure of English and Ameri- can carboniferous coals, the author said he had examined several seams of coal both in England and America, and pointed out that they were not always made up out of one continuous bed of coal, but often comprised several distinct well-known Welsh ‘‘4-feet’”’ seam there were four distinct strata of coals, separated by clay beds only a few inches in thickness. In the case of the ‘‘ splint coal” from the White Hill Colliery, near Edinburgh, the seam presented three clearly-defined beds of coal, but these were not separated by partings Thursday beds. In the case of the| Review of the Hardware, Iron Morning by Davin Writutams, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. French and German Experiments Against Chilled Cast-Iron Armor.* inch in diameter, and from the lower and outside surface the metal is beveled away from the hole % inch or more. We have thus practically an orifice in a thin plate. Eighteen inches above the plane of the ori BY JULIUS VON SCHUTZ, ENGINEER. fice the cylinder is marked with a heavy line (the standard head), and between the 16 and 21 inch points graduation marks are etched inch apart. In using this instrument all experiments took place at St. Chamond, readings are compared with distilled water | France, against chilled cast-iron, compound at 15.5 C. (60° F.), as being something far | and wrought-iron armor, the results of which more definite than rape-seed oil. The water | were considered by the press as a decided head is taken at 18 inches, and the quantity | victory in favor of wrought-iron armor. of flow is limited to 100 c. ec. The desired | Although the experiments do not now per head is maintained by supplying the liquid | mit of an entire and accurate conclusion to from a separatory funnel or other vessel | to be drawn, because the quality of the provided with a stop-cock. To take the/ chilled cast iron made by the Chamond viscosity of an oil: See that the tempera-/ Works is to the present quite unknown in On the 7th, 8th and gth of April, 1884, ture be normal ; take the specific gravity, | Germany, still in one respect they are of and therefrom calculate what the head | great interest, as they again show what in- += +e — 1250 -—-------- 9; Fig. 2.—Arrangement of Plate for Oblique Fire. Fig. 3.—Perspective View of Plate in Fig. 2. of any kind. The American coals examined were collected by Mr. Wethered from the Warrior coalfields of Alabama and from near Pittsburgh. The same structural affini- ties were noticed as in the English coal, and the author therefore came to the conclusion that the English and American carbonifer- ous coals had a common origin. The spores in the coal from both countries were exactly allied. Some microspores from Alabama were identical with those which occur in the lower bed of the Welsh ‘‘ 4-feet ’ seam. A feature in spores obtained from all the coals was the triradiate markings which they ex- hibited. Whether this was to be regarded as superficial or not, it was very character- istic of them, and it must therefore be con- sidered in attempting to ally them with modern vegetation. He regarded peat in the light of post-tertiary coal, lignite as peat in a transition state to coal, and coal as the remains of carboniferous bogs. The author referred to the practical application of a knowledge of the microscopic structure of coal as enabling the expert to judge of the nature of coal from an examination with a pocket lens. Au Improved Viscosimeter. Mr. W. P. Mason, writing in the Mechan- ical World, says: ‘‘ As is well known, lu- bricating oils are rated by their viscosity, the degree of viscosity being fixed by deter- taining the rapidity of flow through a small rifice and then comparing the same with the rate of flow of rape-seed oil. The prob- ‘em is a simple one, yet very widespread dis- satisfaction exists regarding results. Oil as been repeatedly shipped as ‘full test,’ returned on account of tov low viscosity, and | should be to equal 18 inches of water (it will, pon being retested at the shipping point | of course, be inversely as the specific gravity). found to vary widely from the original | Fill to and maintain the calculated head. | The difficulty lies in the fact that | Determine the time required to fill the 100| what self-evident, for, as the angle of inci- igures, Fiz. 6.—Cover Plate Exposed to Oblique Fire. ON CHILLED FRENCH AND GERMAN EXPERIMENTS fluence the vault-shaped form of the armor has upon its resisting power. This influence seems at first to be some- the conditions under which tests are made|c¢. ¢, vessel, and divide this time by that | dence of the projectile essentially depends are seldom twice alike. It is greatly to be loubted if the following questions are often | ynder standard conditions. ‘What were the dimensions of the | such as the above has been constructed and mtaining vessel, the nozzle (if one were | ysed with excellent results. isked ; ‘sed) and the orifice? and of what material were the first two made? At what temper- ature was the oil during the experiment ? what was its specific gravity ? what head ! was used? and was any change of head | cases, where the lightshi ‘llowed for on account of variation in specific | miles out respectively, soles Overlooking such vital points | cation has been established and worked to|more or gr.vity ?’ annot fail to produce total confusion. With | 1 view toward obtaining results referred to| some definite standard, and therefore com- parable, the following viscosimeter is sug- vested: A glass cylinder 22 inches long and (4 inches in diameter is fitted to a brass | bottom % inch in thickness. Through the | center of the brass plate a hole is bored y | required to fill the same vessel with water |on the curved surface of the armor, it is An instrument | evident that that armor surface is the best which offers the smallest angle of incidence. This entirely natural conclusion is neverthe- less in a surprising manner refuted by all Off the Irish and English coasts the light-| the experiments so long as chilled cast-iron ships have recently been connected with the | projectiles have been used; these shells, mainland by telegraphic cables, and in two| when striking nearly normally, were shiv- were g and 12/| ered into atoms, while, when striking ob- hone communi-| liquely, they broke up in large pieces, which less injured the armor plate and always caused a number of hair Perhaps the profile of the French rfect satisfaction. Different lightships ve also been connected by telegraph. The | cracks. service is to be extended. armor, which we _ shall describe later —— on, owes its origin to those observa- A locomotive built at Valence has just | tions, for it seems to be so calculated as to been brought into use at Spain. Hitherto| enable the guns in any position before the all the locomotives required in Spain have | * Translated from the “ Neue Militurischer BIAt- been imported. ter" for Engineering. Entered at the Post New York, Thursday, January 8, 1885 CAST-IRON and Office, New York, as armor to give normal hits. Now, the ex periments were not made with chilled cast- iron shells, but with steel projectiles, which, when fired, mostly remained entire, and this completely alters the matter, as a nearly infrangible projectile, which strikes the plate with almost its total striking energy, will give better results with a normal hit than with an oblique one. Thus, on account of the present extraordinary improvements in steel projectiles, the proper theoretical proportion between armor and projectile is only now re-established; but a mistake would be made if the component of the striking energy which really has effect on the armor should be calculated in proportion with the sine of the angle of impact, for the causes of the effect are more complex. A proper idea of the effect of the projectiles in | oblique fire can only be obtained by continued Metal Trades. sOvERT Second Class ‘The Iron Ag Matter. » L550 a lear, Lucluding Lostage. single Coptes, Ten Cents. es plates were built in casemates ard supported in a solid m inner. The dimensions can be seen from the following table : Chilled The Plate Cast Iron. Compound. Rolled Iron Hollow cyl- Hollow eyl Shape A 8 de inder seg inder seg scirbed ment 19 ment2 m m. radius radius Total 382) , ic . mm. and Thickness 600 110 im 150 mm steel Width 3.6 m 2.75 m 3.7 m Length of developed curve y™m +m ! Hight 1.45 m 1.2m 1.2m Weight 23 OOO ke 0.370 Kg 21,775 kg Gun used, long 15.5 cm. on siege-gun car riage; projectile, tempered shell of special Fig. 5.—Diagram Showing Position of Cracks. | | ARMOR. firing experiments, and we shall for this reason give the description of the French | experiment with normal fire in comparison to that of two German experiments with oblique fire. I. THe EXPeRIMENTS AT ST APRIL 7, 8 AND 9, 1884. CHAMOND ON The targets were three armor plates, of chilled cast iron, rolled iron and compound | metal, all manufactured at the St. Chamond Works. The chilled cast-iron armor corres ponds to an embrasure plate of a casemate | (see ‘*‘ Aide Mémoire,” 1883, chapter xilii., page 18). The plate (Fig. 1) had the shape of a hollow cylinder segment covered at the top, and the convex surface went in a some- | what sharp curve into the flat arching of the | cover. The profile of the surface to be fired at formed, as Fig. 1 shows, a straight vertical line whereby the angles of impact | are always obtained near to 90°. The two) other plates were parts of cylindrical turrets of about 2 m. outside radius. All three | | impact. steel from the St. Chamond Works ; weight, 41 kg.; distance, 15 m.; charge, 9 kg. powder S. P.; velocity, 465 m.; striking energy, 453 m. tons. (a) Firing Against the Chilled Cast-Iron irmor Plate —The first three rounds were fired at an angle of incidence of go’, ona vertical line 77 cm. to the left of center of embrasure ; the first hit as high as the em brasure center, the second 35 cm. under the first, and the third 43 cm. above the first. Round 1 caused five slight hair cracks, which were enlarged by round 2, while round 3 divided the plate in two parts by a vertical crack passing through the three points of Round 4 was fired at an angle of incidence of 75°, 60 cm. to the right of and as high as the center of embrasure. The result was three slight hair cracks, and another which was commenced under the right corner of the embrasure and prolonged downward toward the right lt terminated 20 em from the lower edge of the embrasure Round 5 struck at an angle of incidence of go’, 10 em. above the first. The embrasure crack caused by the fourth round was pro longed in a sharp curve to the lower edge of the plate. A horizontal crack extended from the embrasure through the point of impact No. 1 to the left edge of the plate The plate was divided (brisée) into fou pieces by these cracks. The indents caused by two rounds were 170 mm. to 175 mm, deep, those by the other rounds 70 mm, to 83 mm. Two projectiles remained entire, the ogival part of two broke, and one (No, 4) was crushed. (b) Firing Against the Compound Plate Two rounds were fired at the compound plate. The point of impact was on a ver tical line 68 cm. to the right of center line In round 1 the projectile penetrated 14 cm. deep through the steel surface, aid re- mained there intact, while in the wrought iron layer a vertical crack was visible through its whole thickness from the upper to the lower edge. Round 2 struck 13 cm. deep ; the plate then was split in two parts. (c) Firing Against the Wrought Iron Plute,— Thirteen rounds in all were fired at the wrought-iron plate, and, with the exception of two, struck on a vertical 60 cm. near to the left of the center line, rhe first three rounds penetrated 205 mm., 200 mm, and 195 mm. deep. The fourth round in creased the depth of the indent on the mid dle of the veriical cau-ed by the first round o 220 mm.; the point broke off and re mained in the plate Rounds 5 and 6 did |not enlarge this penetration, as the pro (Continued on page 3 © THBIRON AGE. January 8, 1885, The Plume &Atwood Mfg. Company, MANUFACTURERS OF ANSONIA BRASS AND COPPER CoO., MANUFACTURERS OF PURE COPPER WIRE, PHILIP L. MOEN, CHARLES F. a RN, pea rer SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, “Wachie a. O'NEILS'S PATENT PLANISHED a Washburn & Moen Mf Co. s a _ Waterbury Bras Co. German Silver and Gilding Metal, nedshindhen GE, 1 Mig: Co. ze W. £, DODGE Copper Tubing ESTABLISHED 14s Copper Rivets and Burs, WORCESTER MASS Pres't. G. P. COWLES, V.-P, and Treas. A. A, COWLES, Secretary. Sheets, —— Kods, Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, Copper Electrical Wire, Pins, Wire, O’Neils’s Patent Nickel- CERMAN SILVER, ro . ~ PPS | Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire ir 2. oe = ac ain, COPPER RIVETS AND BURS,| Kerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c. BRASS KETTLES, Door Rail, Brass Tags,| 18 Murray Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASKS, 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Relling Mill, Factories, de. Metalic Evelote, Shot Pouches, Tape Mensuren THOMASTON, Ct. | WATERBURY, Ct. And small Brass Wares of every Description. . Bridgeport Brass Co,, Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. MANUFACTURERS OF Sole Agents for the PHELPS, DODGE & CO., Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- Sheet and Roll Brass, Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, ing Goods. Seamless and Brazed Tubing, IMPORTERS OF DEPOTS, Meilis oR 296 Broadway, New York. WATERBURY, TIN PLAT E, 125 Eddy St., Providence, R. 1. Conn. Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, ROOFING PLATE, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Sheet Iron Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, POPE, COLE & Co. Clocks & Fly Fan Movements, | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS. Zine, &c. MANUFACTUKERS OF BALTIMORE C 0 P P E R A N D B R A S S$ * Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and manufacturing Metal Goods. CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. MaNvuracTory, WAREHOUSE, Bridgeport, Conn. | 19 Murray St., N. ¥. ini No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, a ———_— SCOVILL MFC co Have always on hand and for sale r WIRE DRAWERS. Patent Galvanizing, Rolling and Tempering, MANUFACTURERS OF TRON, AND IRON AND STEEL WIRE. Of Every Description. Ansonia Refined Ingot Copper, Anchor Brand ; LAKE INGOT COPPER. 19 & 21 CHM Street, NEW YORK. A SPECIALTY MADE OF GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WI RE, GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WIRE, PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TIES, PATENT STEEL BARB FENCING, AND PUMP CHAIN. New York, 16 Cliff and 241 Pearl Street. WAREHOUSES Chicago, 107 and 109 Lake Street. se **NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS. - Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York. And California Wire Works Co., San Francise o, Cal Manufactory, Nos. 119% 1199, 120%, 1203, 1205, 1207, 1209 and rarr De Kalb Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. HOWARD & MORSE, MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS, COPPER & IRON WIRE CLOTH, Holmes, Booth & Haydens, —_~>_——_- INGOT COPPER, WATERBURY, CONN. Heavy Rolled, Cloeh for i lt Kiln Fl Wire Work, a n Floors, ire Work, W Fi BR SS oie, | ane cans o eerie party aa torhno| 9g ZEN TORE Wederal® —Le——— ee HINGES WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. 23 Murray Se. icp aeuaiaas Manufacturers of all kinds of GOODS. PHOTOGRAPHIO ROME IRON WORKS, / Brass, Copper & German Silver, B U T T oO N Ss ee + ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. CLOTH AND METAL. , Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- BRASS & COPPER WIRE, DEPOTS FACTORIES, rman Silver Spark Guard. Galvanized Wire Chair, Galvanized Wire Settee. ong es Gams. * eS aarhecnsebeireosael Wire), Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs, GP~ > 177 Devonsh re St., 08. 83 Late St, Chicige ww Yor. | COPPER & BRASS RIVETS BRASS & IRON = oo. JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL, Rome, New York. DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO., German Silver Spoons, ; a BROWN & BROTHERS, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Copper, Kerosene Burners, &c. Wire, Zinc, Etc. ee e081 a St. cor. Dulson, 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Waterbury, Conn. JOHN DAVOL, & SONS, Brooklyn Brass & Copper Oo., DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool. NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF THE NEW HAVEN “e ae ~. melon Spr, LT COPPER Co. a ee In Shoots, Holls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, PASSAIC LING C0. POLISHED COPPER) =| page unin Pure Spelter vensscaswcracronuns seo |S@amtless Brass & Copper Tubing. |... brass Gon ALSO MANUFACTURERS AND Gas Fixtures, Bronzes DEALERS IN ATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 Ibs, AND ALL FINE WORK. Also for pressure and guaranteed casiets Case, BRAZIERS & SHEATHING COPPER, PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANK, GALVANIZERS AND ND BRASS FOUNDERS. cn MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, 11) LIBERTY ST. (24 Floor), NEW YORK. @order Garden Arches. &o. 2 Semicircle. No. 11 Square. Plain Garden Arch. <r irememenaaatetteemesecencemmnii li ABRAM 8S. HEWITT, Pres., WM. HEWITT, Vice-Pres., JAMES HALL, Treas,, E. HANSON, Sec. Tan TRENTON IRON Co., MANUFACTURERS OF IRON AND SEL WIRE. Plans and Etna” for cone "Bridges Furnished on Application. Works and Office, TRENTON, NEW JERSEY. New York Office, COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 17 Burling Slip. Philadelphia Office, 21 N. ; Chicago Office, 170 Dearborn Street Spas Cae Fourth St. Kettles, Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, &c. 290 Pearl Street - NEW YORK.!| GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. WIRE ROPE ESTABLISHED 1837, H. 8. CHASE, fa ie i a INCORPORATED 1876, Sec'y & Treas. Geo. W. mene & Co., | AZARD iV, FG € O. WAREROOMS : s7 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK. Works: Wit ESBARRE. Pa. BRODERICK & BASCOM ROPE CO, WIRE ROPE BRODERICK& BASCOM ROPE CO. MANUFACTURERS OF TRON & STEEL WIRE ROPE. 728 N. Main St. St. Louis Mo. A. LESCHEN & SONS, Waterburv Mfg. Co., WATERBURY, CONN,., : Brass Goods Iowa Barb WVire Co., 98 READE STREET, EASTON, 89 LAKE STREET, New York, Pennsylvania. Chicago, Ifil. Bright, Coppered, Annealed and Tin Plated. AlsoGUN SCREW WIRE Of all sizes straightened and cut to order. te . = s & Benufacturess of 3 MANUFACTURERS OF BARB WIRE. 5< : WIRE ROPE z > Es a — 9038 & 905 N. Main &t., ST. LOUIS, MO, Correspondence invited. THE WIRE GOODS CO., _— Worcester. Mass. Brignt Wire Goods, Mill Wire Goods, Belt Hooks, Double-Pointed Tacks and Staples. Wire Picture Cord, Clothes Line Wire , Ban d Ras I Screws, &c., &c. Wires cut, bent, milled, straightened and made to any desired shape. Orders solicited from the Trade for the full hne of Sorew Eyes. &c.. ki one as Ha we ive are -w ire Goods Quality guaranteed the best in the market. pec ial articles mac yrdeé Tr. THE WIRE COODS Cuw., Worcester, Mass. E JENCKES MANFG. C0. We. Ss. ESrm +. PAWTUCKET, R. I MANUFACTURER OF | .RL, OF BRASS, COPPER, Bright Wire Goods, Belt Hooks, IRON, GALVANIZED AND SPRING PINS, KEYS AND COTTERS. ( STEEL Te ean Bent Wi oods of pec ne @ no all kinds a Specialty. Iren and Seoed Lgcomedive Overt Wire Cleth. Riddles ter Export and Foundry use. Coal New YVerk Ofice, SS Chambers Street, ens. iron Boling Clotn. Wire Work of every description SAMUEL A. HAINES, Selling Agent. nO. ‘86 “FULTON ST., . ® © NEW YORK. A W. PARMELEE, Pres't Oe Sra cudnt: ahaa aul’ co Bra Vv Double \ Wire & WIRE CO AN Solicite WILL AXE: Ac SPANI 1885. » s sation. urth St. tk. cS | Buryreg dwey invited. THE IRON AGH. 3 CARY & MOEN, Manufacturers of STEEL WIRE forall purposes and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. January 8, 1885. R 0. LINDEMANN & CO., Manufacturers of Bright Metal Cages, constructed without solder. A SAM we AMR = f iy) PNY Japanned, Brass, a SS ks ‘a Conduc tors’ + ; Revolving dA Ss Tin Plater =a) 2 > ee = ch, Flower Stand, W rought-i1 iron Fence Chair. Punch, — & 2 <¢ — di and Wood a ‘ee THE LLNS NY = > S Sy = = C000 SS s2.= oe aN S34) [ a =: S SS SS S Ea | % COVINGTON, Ky. Manufacturers o1 , Se See = ll CAGES.| & SE S55 WIRE GOODS OF ALL KINDS, a, > = } } + tet ais aE Sa Wrought-iron Fencing, Cresting and Hardware Specialties, Original inventors Ce I Send f i > , and patentess of Saas pa 2 Send for Illustrated a Catalogue and Price List BS ec ES ne RS = Sal = pa - > Sag) AX, Mt BA SARE =| \ (and pi . A ho > aft nat a 254 Pearl St.. NEW YORK. / | Market Steel Wire, Urinoline Wire, tempered and covered Also Patent Tempered Steel ae — ee on hand. 934, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, NEW YORK, ics sav RON AND BRASS RIVETS, Studs, Pins, Screws, &c., For Manufacturers of Light Hardware. BLAKE & JOHNSON, Waterbury, Conn. Wire Counter Railing. Mie ‘@l]/) Ti} Dhiba he Ss bse LUDLOW-SAYLOR WIRE C0., st. LOUIS, MO. Notwithstanding prices have declined, the high standard of excellence acquired by’ the Gautier Steel Department of Cambria Iron Company for their various products has not been lowered, and it is their constant aim and purpose under all cir- MANUFACTURER OF BRASS, STEEL AND GALVANIZED WIRE, Foundry Riddles, Coke and Coal Screens. CLEVELAND, - - - = OHIO. WIRE, WIRE CLOTH, WIRE ROPE, Counter Railings, Window Guards, Iron and Wire Fences, PLAIN AND BARBED FENCING WIRE. FOR PRICES ON CORN POPPERS, SIEVES, W. P, SUMNER, Pres. F, Rh. MINCKLER, Sxc’y, ‘ : 7 me non 5 es <4 e ® pe a I cumstances to constantly im an age NationalWire bironty prove the quality of their goods. (oils ial v egy - . . Detroit, MANUFACTURERS OF Bich. { = Iron Stairs, Iron Shutters, Roof Cresting, Weather Vanes, Wire Sirs ’ qouminates Sidewalk Tile, Wire 7c ‘ounter Kallings, aed loth, Cheese Safex ae era es, Stablo. ‘Fixtures, Casting Brushes . Counter Suppo. ta tw Beud for Oabal: gaa, Scrub, Shoe, Whitewash and Other Brushes. ADDRESS 7 7" Mention this Paper, THOMPSON McCOSH, President, JOHN A, McCOSH, Sec. and Treas. BARB WIRE LIFTER AND THE BROMWELL BRUSH New York Office: 104 READE 81, Chicago Office: 100 DEARBORN 8ST. Philadelphia Office : 5623 ARCH 8ST. & WIRE GOODS CO., sessions Re chines : CHARLES A. OTIS, President. SAM’L ANDREWS, Vice President. SAM’L A. SAGUE, General Manager. THOS. JOPLING, Treasurer. JOHN C. ANDREWS, Secretary. THE AMERICAN WIRE COMPANY, DRAWERS OF DEWITT WIRE CLOTH C0.\n surex WT RR EE omcmeros TELEGRAPH “AND TELEPH TELEPHONE WIRE. GALVANIZED, TINNED AND COPPERED WIRE. CARRIER. NO DANGER OF CUT- TING HANDS OR TEAR. ING CLOTHES. SAVES THE PRICE OF THE LIFTER MANY TIMES EVERY DAY. CINCINNATI. Established 1819. 703 Market St., Manufactured 87 Chambers St., NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, WIRE STRAIGHTENED AND CUT TO LENGTHS. eameven) oe laa ’ ee Hawkeye Steel Barb Fence Co., Burlington, lowa. E. v. - PALMER Agent. Brass and Copper Wire, | jum seeeiiiann WIRE CLOTH of every description, EASTERN ( WESTERN OFF: Room 24, vAstor House Omices, _ CLEVELAND, OHIO. Room 24, Commercial Nat'l, Bank ew aabifiine, Chicago. ATTERSON, Agent, Our Agents, John H. Graham & (o., 113 "hambers St. carry stock of our Lifters and Will Supply at Factory prices. coe MOLDERS’ TOOLS, FOUNDRY FACING, MOLDING SAND, FOUNDRY SUPPLIES, _— J. A. EMERICK & CO., 1056 to 1076 Beach 9t. PHILADELPHIA. The above cut represents Preston's Patent Braided Cable Wire Fence Rail, manufactured by the HOLLOW CABLE MFG. CO., Hornelisville, N. ¥Y. We also manufacture extensively four different sizes Wire Clothes Lines. Send for Circulars and Price Lists, Chamberlain & Miller, Western Agents, 89 Lake St., Chicago, Lil. THORN WIRE HEDGE CO., CHICAGO, ILL., SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF KELLY STEEL BARB WIRE, AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN § and C” and Red Star Barb Wires, Staples, Gates, gc. s¥ Double Selvage, Painted Wire Window Cloth. x WIRE NETTING FOR FENCING, POULTRY YARDS, &c., Wire Rope for Mines, Elevators, Cables and Transmission of Power, | WIRE CORDS FOR PICTURES WINDOW SASHES, &¢., &€. PATENT ( OFFICE. F. V. priesen, [OX ) : 82 and 84 Nassau Street, — Write for Catalogue and Speci ial Prices. j NEW YORK. EsTaBLISHED 1618. INCORPORATED 1074. 3 — THE cit & BENNETT MFG, 4 42 Cliff Street, NEW YORK. —> NEW HAVEN NUT CO.,. AMERICAN AND FOREIGN Manufacturers of HOT-PRESSED NUTS “AND WASHERS. |, sa & <r is IN r Ss See Iron Age First Issue Each Month th Solicited promptly and at the lowest rates. | of any oles kind, but we will sell this pattern of Composite Wrought tron Railing, at the rate of $1.50 per, lineal foot 3 ft high YT Chilled Iron Ornaments are poured on to the seoght Iron Rods welding the panel into one piece without joints or crevices tor rust to enter! It is made to set n stone or to go into ground Composite Iron Works Co, $3 Reade St. N.Y lron & Galvanized Wire Slieves and Wire Cloth.” Power Loom Painted and Gal WEASTVILILE, CONN. Vanized Window Screen, Wire ee Cloth, Galvanized Wire Cloth for Ww : Cc KW l R E B R OT H E R s, CORTLAND, N. ss Drying Fruits, World’s Galvanized MANUFACTURERS OF Twist Wire Poultry Netting. Factories, Georgetown, Conn, _ Dish Covers, Corn Poppers, ~ INCORPORATED 1870. WM CABBLE EXCELSIOR WIRE MFG. CO., Coal Sieves Flour Sieves, 43 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK Etc., Etc. ———— = | WILLIAM MANN, JR.,& CO.|- i LEWISTOWN, PA., MANUFACTURERS OF beara ~~ ESTABLISHED 1848, RED WAFRHRION “CORTLAND” AKES, BROAD AXES, Brags, Copper and Iron Wire Cloth, | aoe seaeem MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF WIRE CLOTH. Adzes, Broad Hatchets, SPANISH AXES AND TOOLS. AND BRASS AND COPPER WIRE, Coal and Sand Screens, Riddles, &c. | Metallic Stove Sleve. i THE IRON AGH. January 8, 1885, OGDEN & WALLACE, Marshall Lefferts & Co.. OXFORDW... wooD B26. 14, |Amas P. wrrnenow, 85, 87,89 & 91 Elm St., New York. 90 Beekman St., New York City, PITTSBURGH, PA. maaevsipeaape 6 IRON AND NAIL CO.. e Engineer & Contractor, Agent for the [ron %® Steel galvanized Sheet Iron, Cut Nails Of every dawetic mn kept in stock A gente for Park, Brother & Co.'s Best Bloom, Best Refined and Common. ye, W H 5 T WwW Ee L L am. : ~~ Galvanized Wire, Telegraph and Fence ; Galvanized AND < j ) «hs 7 Hoop and Band Iron, Gulvanized Rod and Bar Iron, , - : - BI LAC IK | IIA M< N D Mo | EEL Galvanized Nails, Galvanized Chain, Galvanized [ron S P ] kK }- S ne All sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel con Pipe. ™ J w/e panes ate CORRUGATED SHEET IRON — J. 8. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, For Roofing, &c,,Galvanized, Plain or Painted. ° e PIER I Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common 81,83 and 85 Washington Street, s . j SHEET IRON. NEW YORK. PATENT OVER 600 IN USE. Planished Sheet Lron. ander construction: Dunbar Furnace Co., Pa. 4° 7 "EST ST s 24 TO 27 WEST ST., Cor. Morrts, PL ATE ANI ie ANK Iron, Patented March 14th, 1865 ; April 8th, 1873 ; Crane Iron Co., Pa. s P / Sil f Ss 22: Oc ns of Pennsylvania Steel Co., Pa. New York City. ; 7 HARRISON& GILLOON ept. oth, 1873 ; Oct. 6th, 1874 ; Jan. 11, 1876. Neshannock Iron Co., Pa. P ak No. 1, C. H. No, 1, C.H, No.1 Flange, Best Flange, Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the Chester Rolling aneeee- Pa. Bes st Flange Fire Box, Circies IRON AND METAL DEALERS, ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF 558, 560, 562 WATER 8ST. & 3¢2, 3¢4, 306 CHERRY BT., ron Pel. TRON WORK GALVANJZED OR TINNED TO ORDER. \ ) Tr [An x Davenport, Fa rbairn & Co., Pa IMPORTED RUSSIA IR¢ IN, peabelia Furnace Co.. Pa. and at a much less price. Spearman Iron Co., Pa. na [ron Works, Ohio. Milton Coal and Iron Co., Ohio. NEW YORK, nave on hand, and offer for sale. the following : Price list and quotations sent upon application. a if , ’ Scotch and American Pig Iron, Wrought, Cast an OR SALE Winona Furnace Co., Ohio. COMMON & REFINED IRON, Machinery Scrap Iron, Car Wheels, Axles and Heavy rs Moss & Marshall, Ohio. By all the principal fl. Campbell & Sons, Ohio. Wrought [ron ; also old Copper, Com position, Brass, Lead, rewter, Zine, &c. Hocking Valley [ron Co., Ohk M E TA L D Ee A L E R S peverane Bow ing Mill Co., hie North Chicago Stoel Co., DL Hoops, Rods, Scrolls, Bands, Ovals, FOX & DRUMMOND, Horse Shoe, Nall Rods, BURDEN'S Steel, &¢, L In the Large Cities throughout Union Iron and Steel Co., [IL Orders promptly filled from stock. RAILWAY AND ROLLING MI L 7 I E U N we _ ten re pee 1 Furas a Ky. HE UNITED STATES, | setiand Furasce,Go., by. And at their Office, Southern States C.. I. and 8. C o., Tenn Sewanee Furnace Co., Tenn. 111 Water Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. Ohio inwn Cox Zaaenviis. OO Sloss s Furnace Co., i SYRACUSE MALLEABLE WHFFLING NAILS. IRON WORKS, Laughlin Nail Co., syrmacusn, nN. yy. |\V. KK. ROSS, Mower and Reaper Castings SOLE ACENT, 97 Chambers Street, New York. 7 MATERIAL, ABEEL BROS.., 68 Wall Street, NEW YORK. 7 JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., IRON MERCHANTS, accom amp smnsonas ie SOURH MTs | IEW WORK. A RLM.CO.” SHAFTING.| P 1 G IRON, ALSO GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF No. 63 ' Wall Ll St., Ni New York. “ NORWAY,” “ULSTER,” ‘ CATASAUQUA,” " REFINED AND COMMON IRON, Uisterlron Works, BAND, HOOP AND SCROLL IRON. HORSE SHOES. “Burden Best” [ron TELEPHONE CALL, " NASSAU, 370.” REET, aren Seer’, : . _ ona tebe i i — crn NEW YORK. Boiler Rivets. Specialty. Manhattan Rolling Mill. A. R. WHITNEY & CO,, WILLIAM MULLIGAN, MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN Iron and Steel paNniet F. COONEY, 88 Washington St., N. ¥. AGENCIES: BOILER PLATES AND SHEET IRON, PORT AGE TRON CO., Limited, Merchant Lron and LAP-WELDED BOILER FLUES, Boiler Rivets, Angle & T Iron, Cut Nails & Spikes. W. B. BURNS, Proprietor, J. LKEONARI ), PENNSYLVANIA NIA IRON WORKS - to 451 Mest Sty NEW YORK, 7 & 179 Bank St., Everson MANUFACTURER OF SECOND AVE., Brown & Co... HORSE SHOE IRON, Soft Steel. NORW AY “STEEL & IRON CO., Homogeneous piaseney for Glasgow Iron Co., Jos L. Bal hey & Co. Steel Pla Pine [tron rn capgnce Rolling Mills, Chester Ms * MANUFACTURERS 0 ; BAY STATE T IRON CO., Tank, Boiler and Girder | Pipe and Tube Go. A Ibany & Rens. Iron and Steal | TROY, N we . RER F Toe Calk Steel, Rods, Ovals, Half Ovals and Flats, Faas oa eee wi. L ht a BRANDYWINE ROLLING MILL. Boiler Plates, | Soller FGL STON BROS. 2 2 CO.. ig eet fron. KEYSTONE ROLLING MILL, Limited, GLASGO oiler Flues - om A. M. BYERS & CO., Wrought Iron Pipe Cc, W. Leavitt. Epw'p CorNINa. E lla a CARNEUIE BROS. & CO. Limited, Iron and W. LEAVITT & CO 161 BROADWAY, ROOFING SHEET Mavufacturers 0 Steel Beams, Channels, Shapes and Shafting. +»5 NEW YORK. 166 South Street, t NEW YORK CITY. of all grades a specialty. H. P. NAIL CO 'S Steel Wire Nails. NEW AND SECOND-HAND 267 Front Street, Pri : a THE CHESTER PIPE AND TUBE CO. : rices quoted promptly upon application. - Plans and aa | et aang pe opens RAILS, LOCOMOTIVES AND CARS. BU RDEN S$ canna ai ceemuaamniaaanaiein aamaan rpadde for erecting Iron Structures pf,cver3 descrip: | pi@ AND BAR IRON, OLD RAILS AND SCRAP IRON. : NG & SIDING, Pittsburgh, Pa, on application by mail. _ pieces at office. A \ AA PTOWN BOLING mts oO és - Geena Mntede Ss . STES : ~ ua 4 * Please address 68 Hudson St. New York, | Acrnc ) PARDEE CAR & MACHINE WORKS. . e a Bonnell, Botsford & Co. & Co. | AND ’ BORDEN & LOVELL, B. F. JUDSON, Importer of and Dealer in Commission Merchants, SCOTCH AND AMERICAN 70 & 71 West St., Pie iIron, & GREENE f — NEW YORK. Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, H. t.. FREELA sen for ect OLD METALS * Fall River tron Co.’s Nalis, Bands Hoops & Rods, i383 a 356 Sonck set NEW YORK. ’ pranks sx epinsenicecietatinss SAMI «ttt a¥D PHIPPS & BURMAN’S Borden Mining Company’s, HORSE CLIPPERS Cumberland Coals. IN STOCK VOUGHT & WILLIAMS, JOHN BROWER, DEALERS IN NEW YORK. MACHINERY, TIRE AND SPRINC STEEL. AGENTS FOR HELLER BROS.’ CHAS. ) ol 4 : OMBARD © ¢ al Clay Crucible Cast Steel. ; em BOLT & RIVET CLIPPERS. $68 Gnserwvics Granee, EW 7 ORE. For cutting off the ends of Bolts and Rivets, on ULSTER BAR IRON. All sizes and shapes in stock. Also Best Grades of ee TRON, MAILS AND SPIKES MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. 5 Dey Street, NEW YORK. Iron Bulidtagy, Bests, Shutters, Doors, Cornices ~ WILLIAM H. WALLACE & 00, IRON MERCHANTS Cor, Albany & Washington Sts., NEW YORK OITY. Wa. H, Watiace, Wu. Bispnam. E. C,. WALLACE GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, Jr, Prest JOHN CALDWELL, Treas. T. W. WELSH, Supt. H. H. WESTINGHOUSE, Gen’l Agt. W. W. CARD, Secy. T = EB — Westinghouse Air-Brake Co, PITTSBURGH, PA., U. S.A., MANUFACTURERS OF THE WESTINGHOUSE AUTOMATIC BRAKE, Westinghouse Locomotive Driver Brake, Vacuum Brakes ) (ectinghaass & Smith Patents). (|WESTINGHOUSE FREIGHT BRAKE. The Automatic Freight Brake is essentially the same apparatus as the Automatic Brake fo: passenger cars, except that the various parts are so combined as to form practically one piece of mechanism, and is sold at a very low pene. The saving in accidents, flat wheels, brakemen’s wages avd y short me. speed possible with perfect safety, will repay the cost of its application within a very short time The “ Automatic” has proved itself to be the must efficient Train and Safety Brake known. Its mu e LZ Ce La carriages, wagons, harness, etc. Ask for them | application is instantaneous ; it can be operated from any car in the train if desired, and should the IMPORTED & AMERICAN 1S iN ie thaie Pa Dhavey you tor your hardware, or send for cir | train eopasete, or hose or pipe fail, it applies automatically. A GUARANTEE is given customers Jar and price list. against loss from PATENT SUITS on the apparatus sold them. The WESTINGHOUSE BRAKE is now fitted to upward of 15,000 ENGINES AND 80,000 CARS, and is adopted by the peta Reliways in all anne of the world. FULL INFORMATION FURNISHED ON APPLICATION, LEECHBURG IRON WORKS. KIRKPATRICK & CO., LIMITED, Manufacture of all Graces of FINE SHEET IRONS, (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovei, Ferrule Iron, &c.) NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OFFICE, No, 143 First Ave. 4 : i, Pa. WORKS, Leechburg, Pa. CHAMPION | BROWN’S HOC RINCER HOC AND PIC RINGS and HOLDER. Pn = oY RINGER ang RINGS. Only doublh ' Onl Only dozhlo sins ever EAGLE BILL aly Stage Bing in Ping that will effectu- CORN HUSKER aby, een Roan =a. & is the best Husker In the } y the market that closes market. Farmers say it on the ,putetde of the nose. No sharp points in the nose to keep it points in the nose. isthe best. Use no other. sore. Ringers, 7sc. Rings, soc. 100. Holders, 7sc. Huskers, sc. CHAMBERS, BERING & | QUINLAN, Exclusive Manufacturers, Decatur, Ill PIG IRON. = AA/LROAD CASTINGS. EUR oe ee 523d St., below Lancaster Ave., LAKE SUPERIOR CHARCOAL IRON,|, WM. McFARLAND, Philadelphia, Pa. For Malleable and Car-Wheel Purposes, ‘Iron and Brass Founder. A SPECIALTY. | TRENTON, N. J. CHARLES HIMROD & CO., Chilled Cast Wire Dies a Specialty. CHICAGO AND DETROIT. Any size or style made at short notice, PASSAIC ROLLING MILL CoO., Manufacture and have always in stock ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Ohannels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forgings, Bye Bars, £o. PATERSON, N. J. Roem % Astor House, New York, CUT NAILS. Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c, DOVER IRON CO’S PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of Cast Iron il FOR WATER AND @AS, Jous J, SPOWERS, President. ALEXANDER ‘BURNS, Mavager. THE JERSEY CITY GALVANIZING Co., GALVANIZED MATERIAL OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. GALVANIZING IN ALL ITS BRANCH Galvanized Sheet Iron—Best Bloom, non mn ly eye mena Round, Square Band apd LAMP POSTS, VALVES, ETC. Mathew’s Pat. Anti-Freezing Hydrants. (400 CHESTNUT STREET, ‘VARIETY METAL BOOM. iron Foundry and Machine Shop. STEAM HEATING BY DIRECT RADIATION and BoiLEBR RIV EES, | wicks mociaing, Casting and Platshing. Noiseless oat 4 Vertical Engines, Hydrants, Fire Plugs, &c. B | B J FRAS. B. BANNAN Biaes oller Brace Jaws, Socket Bolts, &c. PR sm can ey bgt FULLER BROTHERS & CO., He 139 Greenwich Street, New York. Corrugated Sheet [ron a Specialty, Gaiventacs, Mocs end Painted. Irom Oorrugated for the Trade WORKS GREEN AND BAY STREETS, JERSEY CITY, N.J. OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE, 98 JOHN STREET NEW YORK: The following parties either have them in use or Burd “eso petits ache ca ae <P. al oe nant BEd et WR PA’ REF: Pla Pai =. Orders X MIN! XX MI! [XL FA T Rails, } Riv Goneral Of mn use or K E. uke for ylece of wages within vn. Its uld the tome rs d apd YORK. Sule r eleaneey St am tie Si a oO a - cf x ¢ faa ees January 8, 1885. WILLIAM R. HART & CO.,| HENRY LEVIS & Co., AMERICAN AND FOREIGN Manufacturers’ Agents PIG IRON, SPIEGELEISEN, For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and . Sheet Iron and General Railway Steel Blooms, Crop Ends, Tin Plates, &c. Equipments. No. 224 South Third St. PHILADELPHIA. Old Ralls, Axles, and eels bought and sold. 234 8. ath St., Philadeiphia. Heavy Rails, Railway Fastenings, Light Rails, ADDRESS: Cambria Iron Co,, Office, 218 South Fourth St., Philadelphia, Pa. THE PHCENIX IRON CO.. 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars. STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, and built up shapes fo Iron Bridges. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variety of SHAPE IRBOR made te order Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty Street. BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymareh St. ALAN WOOD & CoO., MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom PLATE & SHEET IRON, ALSO LIGHT PLATES AND SHEETS OF STEEL, No. 519 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. solicited es ially for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, — Tank ond Beas Iree : Last, Stamping, Ferrule, Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Lron, Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Ww. H.WALBAUM & CO., 206 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia. 61 Pine St., New York, NEW AND CLD RAILS, BLOOMS, BESSEMER PIC, Crop Ends, Spiegeleisen, Iron Ores and Railroad Supplies Generally. AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR THE NORTH LONSDADE IRON & STEEL CO., Limited, Bessemer Pig Iron, brand * Ulverston ;” Malleable Iron, brand * U. H M."’ see et ; MOSS BAY HEMATITE IRON & STEEL CO., Limited. Spiegeleisen, Crop Ends, &c. — Also for “* Lorn” Malleable Charcoa! Pig Iron and N. B ALLEN & CO.'S Dinas Fire Bricks. Also Sole Agents for the WHITE RIVER MINING CO’S. Arkansas Manganese Ore, Guaranteed 50 per cent, Metallic Manganese. Leen ne EEE JAS. ROWLAND & 60., Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, 9290 North Delaware Ave., - PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of the ANVIL BRAND REFINED MERCHANT BAR IRON. Also, the James Rowland & Co. Reosington =e cut from ene Rowan Sa a as co Bo Iron. PENCOYD IRON WORKS. A. &c PP. ROBERTS cc CO., MANUFACTURERS OF BEAMS, CHANNELS, DECK BEAMS, ANGLES, TEES, PLATES, MERCHANT BAR. | ; SHAFTING AND ROLLED OR HAMMERED AXLES OF IRON OR STEEL. Office, No, 26 8. Fourth St., Philadelphia. Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. J. WW. PASSON ceo CO., DEALERS IN MZOUL.DING SAND, 1021 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA, PA., MANUFACTURERS LEAD FAOING, RIPDLES, SHOVELS, STEEL BRUSHES. CHARCOAL FACING, ANTHRACITE FACING, SOAPSTONE, X MINERAL, XX MINERAL, IXL FACING, THE ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILLS, Manufacturers of Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. Gsneral Office, 237 South Third St., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa. RIVERSIDE IROonNnW WOoREHS, MANUFACTURERS OF RIVERSIDE TEEL NAIL Pig Lron, Bar Iron, Bar Steel, Steel Blooms, Steel Billets,* Smal] T Rails, Flat Rails of tron or Steel, Fish Bars of Iron or Steel, BwWHEELING,=SW. VA. ‘*» BD $16 Richmond 8t., - - - e LRON AGE. JUSTICE OOX, Jr. JUSTICE COX, JR. & CO., Hdward J. Htting, a TRON BROKER anp COMMISSION MERCHANT 2232 8. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. OHICEIRs AGENTS FOR , CONEW » NTGO Pig, Bar and Rallroad tron. —ieo OLD RAILS, 8ORAP, &o. Agent for the MOUNT SAVAGE FIRE BRICK, The Allentown Iron Co, and the Greenwood Rolling Mill. STORAGE WHARF AND YARD DELAWARE AVENUE ABOVE CALLO STR: connected by track with railroad’ Cask advances made on Iren. CARBON ROLLING MILL CO., Limited, Best Quality Muck Bar. CATASAUQUA MFG, CO.’S Shenandoah (Va.) Best Charcoal Blooms. Jas. G. Linpsay. THos. S. PARVIN LINDSAY, PARVIN & CO., Successors to Luoyn & LINDSAY, 828 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. Iron Ship and Bridge Builders’ Materials, Steel and Iron Shapes and Bars, Sheet [rop, Sheet Steel Pig Iron, Muck Bars, Plate Girders for Bridges and Buildings. Contracts placed for Iron Structures 906 Walnut Place, Philadelphia. SELLING AGENTS FOR CHARCOAL and ANTHRACITE BLOOMS, BAK IRON, SHEET IRON, STEEL and I RAILS, Rails, aon Iron &c. C of Iron and Coal properties, E. H. Wilson. A. Kaiser. E. H. WILSON 4 CO., 330 Seuth Third Street, Philadelphia. BROKERS AND DEALERS IN Ethelbert W atts. Jos. C. Poulterer ETHELBERT WATTS & CO., Iron Brokers and Commission Merchants Offices, No. 220 S80. Third Street, ‘Phila. pane BALES AGEN CORNWALL ORE BANK CO - es (0 CROMWELL IRON © ; IRON ORES, VESTA WORNACE, — 5 ARIETTA FURNACES "IG IRON, Messrs. EVERETT & POST,) ..' Chicago and 8t. Louis, '{ PIG LEAD & SPELTER, Correspondence Solicited. essences L.& R. WISTER & CO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 230 So. 4th St., Philadelphia. AGENTS Kemble and Norway Foun: ry | 1 'y and Forge Pig Iron. Ww yebrooke ©, B. Charcoal Pig Iron, Buchanan Red Short Pig fron. DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF SCRAP IRON, Correspondence solicited. J. W. HOFFMAN & CO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 208 South Fourth St., Philadelphia, SELLING AGENTS, PINE IRON WORKS, Pine Brand Plates; GLASGOW IRON CO. Shapes. JNO. L. HOGAN, RICH'D M, ELLIOT. MORRIS, WHEELER & CO., IRON, STEEL & NAILS. WAREHOUSE and OFFICES, | SALES OFFICES 16th & Market Sts., 400 Chestnut St., PHILA., PA. PHILA., PA. New York Address, 14 OLIFF 8ST. REUBEN HAINES, OCOBREMIsT, 738 Sansom S&t., Philadelphia. Analysis of Ores of Iron and other Metals, Pig Iron and Steel. Assay of Gold and Silver Ores. Water Analysis for Manuf’ing and Household Use. TAYLOR-LANGDON GAS—ROASTED BESSEMER ORE, Specially adapted to Soft Foundry or Highest Grades of Mill Iron. WESLEY PULLMAN, ‘240 So. 3d St., Philadelphia. NORTH BROTHERS, lron Founders, LIGHT CASTINGS A SPECIALTY. N. W. Cor. 23d and Race Streets, PHILADELPHIA. Correspandence solicited. 411 & 413 WALNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, IRON AND ORES, Scrap, Iron and Steel Blooms and Billets. AGENTS FOR : Iron. Low Moor Iron Co., of Virginia, Pig Iron. Mount Hope Special Strength Charcoal Pig Iron. Hearth and Crucible purposes. Connellsville Coke, Low Phosphorus Bessemer Pig Iron a Specialty. ANDOVER PIG IRON, FOR BEST MILL PRODUCTS. | Andover Ohill Iron for Oarwheols, &o. Each pig marked exact chill depth inch inch, A. Whitney & Son's Stamdana oo ed F. A. Comiy, Treas. J. WESLEY PULLMAm, Agent. 240 Se. 3d S&., Philadelphia. J. J. MOTR, 430 Walnut St,, PHILADELPHIA, PA, Sole Agent for Sheridan, Leesport, Temple, Lynch- burg, Millcreek and Mt, Laurel FOUNDRY and FORGE PIG IRON, CHARCOAL Pic IRON, Also WOODBRIDGE CLAY MINING CO.’S FIRE BRICK. TESTED CHAINS, BRADLEE & CO., EMPIRE CHAIN WORKS, PHILADELPHIA. Chains for Foundry Cranes and Slings. **D. B. C.’’ Special Crane Chain. Steel and Iron Dredaing, Slope and Minine Chains. Ship’s Cables and Marine Railway Chains. CUMBERLAND NAIL AND IRON CO., MANUFACTURERS OF f . ° " Cumberland” Nails and Wrought Iron Pipe, 43 North Water Street and 44 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA. J. TATNALL LEA & CO,, Successors to CABEEN & CO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, No. 400 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. J. BESSEMER, MILL AND FOUNDRY PIG IRON, SKELP IRON, MUCK AND SCRAP BARS NATIVE AND FOREIGN ORES. AGENTS FOR CONNELLSVILLE COKE. LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR-WHEEL TIRES Manufactured from the celebrated OTIS STEEL BRAND ¢ STANDARD ¢ Quality and ee fully guaranteed. Prices as low as any of the same quality. We manufacture Heavy and _—_ Forgings, Driving and Car Axles, Crank Pins, Piston s, &e. THE STANDARD STEEL WORKS, Werks at LEWISTOWN, PA. Office: - - 2208. 4th 8t., Philadeiphia, Pa. BOOTH, CARRETT & BLAIR, ANALYTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMISTS, 919 and 921 Chant St. 10th St. above Chestuut St.), Philadelphia, Pa. Established in 1836, Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys of all kinds. A special department for the ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, fitted with all the apparatus and appliances for the rapid and accurate analysis of Iron, Steel, Lron Ores, Slags, Limestones, Coals, Clays, Fire Sands, &c. Agents for sampling ores in New York and Baltimere, Price lists on application. CHARLES K. BARNS. Foundry & Forge Pig Iron. Bar, Angle, Skelp and Sheet Iron. JEROME KEELEY-& CO., I@ IRON, IRON CLAD STEEL RAILS and BARS MAGNETIC and HEMATITE IRON ORES. FIRE BRICK, COAL and VOKE. MUCK BARS. Handle Old Iron and Steel Examine and negotiate sales J. B. M. Hirons, IRON AND STEEL. IRON CO., Plates and Muck Bars ; SPRANG 8TEEL & (Limited), Siemens-Martin (0; en-Hearth) Steel, Universal and Sheared Plates, Angles and HOGAN & ELLIOT, Old Rails, Wrought and Cast Brier Hill Iron and Coal Co., Pig Youngstown Steel Co. Washed Metal, for Open (Continued from page I.) jectile broke in striking the pieces of the other shells in the plate. Round 7 hit be tween the second and first rounds, and pen: trated Three hair f 350 mm cracks from 10 em. to 30 em. long were produce: lon the back of the plate Round 8 increased the indent of the first, fourth, fifth and sixth rounds to 300 mm found g caused three short cracks on the back ; the ogival part of the projectile remained in the plate and was removed by the tenth round, which at the same time increased the indent to 340 mm the width of the cracks on the back of the plate was increased to 30 mm, The elex enth round struck on the same place, pierced the through and tore a round piece from back of the plate 50 cm. in diameter and cm, thickness in the thickest part Rounds 12 and 13 were fired with an angle of dence of 75° and 65° on the left side of thy plate. Result: Slight indents; the pro jectiles broke up In the report before us of the above ex Chamond Works, it is ‘ould and periments at the St concluded that chilled cast-iron armor not resist, even a short time, normal oblique fire ; that the compound plates were good for ships when they are provided with wood backing, but not for turrets and case- mates. It is said that the only efficient means to protect the latter were rolled-iron plates of the same quality as made by the St. Chamond Works. We, for our own part, have very few words to add relative to these conclusions. It was hitherto the rule in ex periments to try such armor and ordnance against each other as were in good propor tion, as only under such circumstances can results be arrived at demonstrating the effectiveness of both. The St. Chamond Works have made an exception to this rule, as they fired with a 15.5 cm. gun against a rolled-iron plate 45 cm. thick, while an ar- mor plate 30 cm. thick would have suffi ciently resisted that kind of projectile. They exposed this plate to a severe trial, as seven rounds were concentrated on one point, but the severity of this experiment is only apparent, as three rounds struck on pieces of old projectiles, in which case the result, according to experience, isa min imum one. Had the rounds struck in the neighborhood of the point of impact, the effect would have perhaps been greater, as the seventh round shows (350 mm. penetra tion), and a breach quicker attained. We mention this en passant, not doubting at all that the plate was of a very good quality As, however, part of the press represent the behavior of the wrought-iron plate as ex traordinary, we must oppose this opinion, and cannot help saying that these critics lack the necessary knowledge of the numerous results obtained on practice grounds against armor. Similar results as those at St. Cha mond take place whenever there is an ex cess of strength on the side of the plate, and, although the experiments carried out on this basis are not numerous, it is always possible to mention a few ones where the relation between the effect of gun and the security given by the armor was such that only a great number of hits on a small sur face were able to effect a breach. We beg to remind our readers of the experiment in 1866, at Mayence, against Schumann’s gun carriage. One of Brown’s rolled-iron plates 6 inches (15 cm.) thick required to be fired at with 51 chilled cast iron and steel projectiles out of the 15 cm. gun, witha charge of 6 pounds, be fore a breach could be made ; the projectiles were concentrated on a surface of | gm ‘lhe small energy of the 15 cm. projectile then used gave the,proportional thin plate a similar excess of strength, as noticed at St Chamond. The results of the following ex periments were more advantageous. In 18370 a Cammel’s front plate of a turret was fired at by a 15 cm. gun with a 6-pound charge The thickness of the plate, apart from a backing behind of 12 cm., was 21cm. Sev- enty-four rounds which struck it in groups failed to breach the front plate, and only later on was it possible to make a breach in the weaker side plate. ‘The relation between effect and protection was about the same as at St. Chamond. We mention these experiments as exam ples, so as to avoid the erroneous idea that the trials at St. Chamond have been an im portant occurrence for rvlled-iron armor : they only confirm the results of experiments long since known. Nevertheless, will ingly agree that the St. Chamond rolled-iron plate was a very good one, as it must be, being of the small hight of 1.2 m. This con siderably facilitated its manufactur we are now of opinion that both the above named English tirms or the Dillinger Works are capable at any time of supplying plates of the same quality. This favorable opinion cannot, of course, be expressed concerning the compound plate. That the wrought iron layer, which generally remains entire up to the last, of a compound plate 320 mm. thick, should be torn by a projectile out of the 15.5 cm remarkable, and that the steel layer re mained entire until the second round the opinion only a little in favor of th ve and whole single gun, is very alters plate. Even the omission of the does not explain the effect of such a shot and we think we are, therefore, entitled t say of this experiment that pl