The Iron Age 1884-11-20: Vol 34 Iss 21

CS lass. AND ES. ote the y other list. Ch ali gl wi lind NRE, nce x cebesipbmmet se 1S The Iron Ag READING MATTER A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. sovens N Ex TO SEMENTS PAGE Published every Thursday Morning by Davr Wrutrams, No. 83 Reade Street, New York, Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter Zi. Vol, XXXIV: No. The Original Bessemer Steel Plant at Troy.* BY ROBERT W. HUNT. In calling the attention of the society to a short description of the original Bessemer steel plant at Troy, N. Y., I cannot hope to present matter of much value; and can only crave your indulgence while placing on record the plans and practice of the first Bessemer plant that made a commercial suc- cess in America. My paper, teken in con- nection with that of Mr. Wm. F. Durfee, on the Wyandotte Works, may possess some additional interest by drawing your attention to the wonderful progress which has been made in this march of metallurgy during the last 19 years. As is well known, there were rival patents bearing upon the pneumatic process, vod Kelley and Mushet patents were owned by ‘ the Kelley Process Company, who built the Wyandotte Works ; and the various Bessemer pat- ents belonged to Messrs. Wins- low, Griswold and Holley, the latter firm erecting the Troy plant. Of course this state of 1 | things caused great jealousy and Y | rivalry. Mr. Durfee succeeded 2 in starting his plant a few K4 || months before his Troy rival, | and hence to him belongs the ; honor of having made the first heat of Bessemer steel blown in this country. Alexander L. Holley commenced the erec- tion of the Troy Works imme- | diately upon his return from 3 England in the spring of 1864, =! | and made the first conversion of steel on February 16, 1865. From the start, complete rec- ords of the works have been kept, and hence I am enabled to present the particulars of their early experience. But before so doing, let me call your atten- tion to the plate, showing the arrangement of the plant. Its \\ \ eee hem Let meme ene location was determined by the existence of a water-power and Aimy te SEW AR zs 2 wheel which had been usedto Jgipubie’ A'S Fp run a grist mill. This oppor- " a tunity for cheap power was too A "> good to be neglected, and every other consideration sank into oblivion. Of how well this re- ~ warded the owners you can a —— —— = judge by the detailed history e —— | which follows. a. Oo Two blowing cylinders, 48 a by 48, were attached to this old a Seer tae ” OA ON oy Sal wheel, and the rest of the plant es placed in a building 64 by 41.8 wer feet, built forthe purpose. The pig iron was melted in the reverbera- tory furnace J, having a bed 7 feet long by 4 feet 9 inches wide, we from which it was run through oo —— ~ - . s a gutter built in the floor to the f wrought-iron runner F, and through it into the wrought-iron converter B, which was, of course, turned down to receive it. The runner F traveled on the rail Y, at its higher end and on a corresponding rail, to which its supporting rod was attached, at the lower or con- verter end, so that after the blow was finished it could be pushed over against the end wall of the building, and hence out of the way. A represents a brick stack with a brick hood, which carries off the flame of the con- versions. The recarbonizing metal was melted in the furnace R, which is shown by the dotted . lines and which worked into the stack M, in common with the furnace J. The resulting metal from the conversion was poured into the ladle E, which was sup- ported by the cast-iron ram or crane D. This ram was cop- trolled by attaching the chain of the wooden hand-crane C to it at the hook V, and it was so swung over the molds set in the pit P. These molds and their ingots were subsequently taken from the pit by the crane C and loaded on a car standing on the railroad track shown. The vessel was New York, Thursday. November 20, 1884. 4 | ——- Meee ———— TT — | rotated by decidedly simple S apparatus, shown at U, which RS depended upon intelligent labor . for its power. SS Such was the original Troy 2- NS ton plant. And it is not now N WSS SSS surprising that many difficulties were encountered in its manage- NS ment. Mr. Holley’ ind —S - es a 3 ; coon impediments diven- S| SECTIONAL PLAN AND ELEVATION OF ORIGINAL TWO-TON BESSEMER PLANT ERECTED AT TROY, N. \ ” 1865.—SCALE, 1: 108. tages of melting in acupola, and one was erected. This was built as shown by K. It was provided with duplicate bottom sections, the extra | practice was adopted, the spiegel furnace R As before stated, the first charge was one being pushed to one side, as shown by | was torn down and the furnace J converted | made on February 16, 1865, No. 2 Crown X. He also advanced beyond the English | in one for melting the recarbonizer which | Point charcoal iron being used for the pig, method by placing the accumulating ladle 1, | was conveyed through the cast-iron gutter | and New Jersey Zinc Company’s Franklinite resting on scales, in front of the cupola. G@/H. The cupola bottoms were raised and | for the recarbonizing metal. With this the is the wrought-iron runner conveying the lowered by the screw L. O was an oven record begins: One heat was blown, using metal to the runner F. When the cupola | tor drying stoppers, and T its chimney.* | 2497 pounds pig and 175 pounds recarbon- + nnn | izer. From this there were cast three taper *The removable converter bottom had not been ingots, weighing 482, 491 and 561 canta invented ; hence there was no bottom-oven pro- : 4 , ' vided. respectively, making 1534 pounds of castings , * Read at the New York meeting of the American | 7 tame of Mechanical Engineers, November 5 and - and also 706 pounds of scrap. Certainly a rather large percentage, and which, with steel rails at $27, we could hardly stand. But it was all figured out in the record—i. e., ** castings, 54.4 per cent. ; scrap, 26,4 per cent. ; loss, 16.2 per cent.; 14-inch test piece bent double cold. Blast, 5 to g pounds. Blew well and hammered as well as possible. Scrap mostly a large scull due to slow hand- ling. Finer-fracture than the charges made $2.50 @ Year, Including Dostage. Single Copies, Zen Cents. LE | . from the same brand of iron at Bessemer’s | stopped it with water. Works, in England, on November 30, 1864 Welds pretty well, and hardens pretty well.” This entry was evidently written in a hope- ful spirit, and is in Alexander Holley’s hand- writing. The next trial was made on February $7, using the same grade of irons. But so per cent. of ingots were obtained ; 29.8 per cent. scrap and 20.2 per cent. loss, the remarks being : ‘‘ Blast 10 pounds. Blew 22 minutes. Vessel not hot enough, Ladle nozzle too small—r'¢ inches.” On the following day the third trial from the same irons gave, “" 77 per cent. of ingots ; 3.8 per cent. scrap and 19.2 per cent. loss. Vessel hot, and blew well with 8 to 10 pounds of blast. Metal came through bottom by side of tongue ; Steel all formed out of ladle’ Nozzle 1% inches diameter.” We can believe everybody went home happy that night. So the record continues from day to day, sometimes showing one heat to have been made, sometimes two, but always containing statements of greater or less difficulties encountered. On April 4 the product was _in- creased to four heats. On April 27 an ingot was made marked ‘* Baldwin,” with the following comment : ‘‘ First tire ever made in America by this process. ‘Bully Boy!’” On this same day a ‘ Philadelphia delegation were present, and were much pleased.” Between May 17 and June 5 the following changes are noted as having been made On the former date the shaft of the water-wheel was found to be rotten, which necessitated a stop. During it the vessel was lengthened 18 inches, making it 10.6 inches over all. ‘* The pit was enlarged. New tuyeres and nozzles substituted, and the Franklinite furnace raised 6 inches, to get a better flow into the vessel.” On July 20 all was ready to try the new cupola. No. 1 Crown Point charcoal pig was used. ‘*The iron melted in cupola in one hour after stopping tap-hole —half the time blower making 88 revolutions, half 100 per minute ; run out very hot-from ladle. Coal consumed, 1226 pounds ; iron melted and blown, 2997. pounds, result—ingots, 55.4 percent.; scrap, 2 percent. ; loss, 14.4 percent. On July 25 blows Nos. 132, 133 and 134 were made, and what was con- considered a great feat accom- plished. It is thus told ** Melted in one hour after stop- ping tap-hole, charged cupola in half-hour after first change, it melted in three-quarters of an hour. These three charges were melted and converted into steel ingots in 3% hours. Average loss of the three blows, 20.6 per cent.” I find it recorded, under date of July 28, that the average consumption of coal in cupola was I pound to 4.2 pounds of iron melted. About this time a small cupola was built and tried for melting the recar- bonizer. I cannot find any drawing of it, and from the re cord of its failures I think it was soon abandoned, and the old reverberatory iron melting furnace changed into a spiege! furnace. On November 25 they made an ingot, cast in a loam mold of a shape suitable to be put on top of an iron rail pile to make a steel-headed rail. The constant trouble from low blast pressure led about this time to the abandonment of the water wheel, the last charge having been blown with it on December 8. Work was resumed on March 10, 1866, with blast from a steam engine. On the first day 11% pounds of blast is reported with 35 pounds of steam pressur« On March 12 the pressure was good, but on the next heat th ‘engine worked badly, th: fires low, and the vessel had t be turned down twice.” How ever, from this on, the record is much cleaner. The product for the month of March is re ported as Steel made..14 Scrap made I find that on November 13 1865, the experiment was made of using chromium ore in the Ou pounds 65 ton 5,390 pounds vessel—the resulting metal was called ‘‘ scrap.” The experi ment was repeated on the 22d This time a triple compound f iron chromium and carbon was used The re sult remained the same. On April 3, 1566 the attempt was again made, and repeated on the 6th. While ingots were obtained which stood hammering, they cracked and crum bled badly. In those days ‘‘ standing ham mering ’’ must have been somewhat different (Continued on page 5. ema of me —~-> ©) rT ANSONIA BRASS AND COPPER Co., MANUFACTURERS OF PURE COPPER WIRE, For Electrical Purposes, oe and Covered, ones reg mo Waterbury Brass Co, Seamless Brass and DOE Copper Tubing, ESTABLISHED 1845. W, E, DODGE Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Pres't. Wire, O'Neils’s Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, G, P. COWLES, Patent Nickel- CERMAN SILVER, V.-P. and Treas. A. A. COWLES, Secretary Plated Copper, | Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire &e., BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, COPPER RIVETS AND BURS, BRASS KETTLES, Door Rail, Brass Tags, PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASKS, Metalllc Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &c. And small Brass Wares of every Description. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. Sole Agents for the Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- ing Goods. Ansonia Refined Ingot Copper; Anchor Brand ; LAKE INGOT COPPER. 19 & 21 CHM Street, NEW YORK. PHELPS, DODGE & CO., a DEPOTS, Meilis At 296 Broadway, New York. WATERBURY, TIN PLATE, 125 Eddy St., Providence, R. |. Conn. ROOFING PLATE, Sheet tron Copper, Pig Tin Wire| BODE COLE & Co. sitliditin BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, COPPER AND BRASS. No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, also Cakes, of unequaled purity and toughness. SCOVILL MFC CO BRASS, HINGES WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. DEPOTS FACTORIES, ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- per and German Silver 21 Broome St., M. Y. Waterbury, Conn. rs ceaub eth otal New Haven, Conn. (In Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), OB thn Ch, Chore NewYork Cit'Y | COPPER & BRASS RIVETS AND BURS. Rome, New York. BROWN & BROTHERS, Waterbury, Conn. DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO., Importers of Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Copper, Wire, Zinc, Etc, 29 & $1 Cliff St., cor. Fulton, DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool. NEW YORK. 81 Chambers St., N. Y. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS, COPPER AND GERMAN SILVER POLISHED COPPER) "~~ Under Patent of T. James, Sept. 12, 1876. Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 Ibs, pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANK, SILVER-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich THE NEW HAVEN COPPER CoO., SOLE MAKERS OF ALSO MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN BRAZIERS & SHEATHING COPPER, Kettles, Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, &c. 290 Pearl Street - NEW YORK.| GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. ESTABLISHED 1837. H. 8, CHASE, INCORPORATED 1876, Waterbury Mfg. S0., Co., WATERBURY, CONN., Brass Goods 98 READE STREET, New York. IOWA Tackle Stretcher, 89 LAKE STREET, Chicago. THE WIRE GOODS CO., Omer Worcester, Mass. Brignt we re Goods, Mill Wire Goods, Belt Hooks, Double-Pointed Tacks and Staples. Wire Picture Cord, 8 Line Wire, Hand Rail Sct ews, &¢ &ec ‘ires cut, bent, milled, straightened and made to any de sired shape. Orders solicited from the Trade for the full line of Screw Eyes, &c.. known as Hardware Wire Goods Qua ality guaranteed the best in the market. Special articles m ade to order, THE WIRE COODS CO., Worcester, Mass. A. W. PARMELEE, Pres't Mme LARON Of all sizes straightened and cut to order. 3 JENCKES MANFG. C0. The Plume &Atwood Mfg. Company, SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, German Silver and Gilding Metal, Copper Rivets and Burs, Copper Electrical Wire, Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c.| 33 18 Murray Street, New York. 183 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Rolling Mill, | Factories, THOMASTON, Ct. WATERBURY, Ct. Bridgeport Brass Co,, Sheet and Roll Brass, Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, Seamless and Brazed Tubing, Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS. Clocks & Fly Fan Movements, Spee & oy ae paid to to gating out Blanks THE 66 BOSS 99 and manufact' maaan Bridgeport, Conn. Stalin 19 Murray St., N. ¥. Holmes, Booth & Haydens, WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORK, BOSTON, 7 k Place, 35 inzh Fiage 18 Federal St. Manufacturers of all kinds of Brass, Copper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. BRASS & COPPER WIRE, Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. BRASS & IRON JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL, German Silver Spoons, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Kerosene Burners, &c. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Agents for Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., Dealers in Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, 100 John Street, New York. PASSAIC ZINC C0. MANUFACTURERS OF Pure Spelter FOR Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK. Also for GALVANIZERS AND BRASS FOUNDERS. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, Geo. W. Prentiss & Co., HOLYOKE, MASS., MAN FAOIURSES oF Bright, Coppered, Annealed and Tin Plated. AlsoGUN SCREW WIRE PAWTUCKET, R. I., Bright Wire Gioods, Belt Hooks, SPRING PINS, KEVS AND COTTERS, Bent Wire Goods of all kinds a Specialty. New York O@ice, SS Chambers Street, SAMUEL A. HAINES, Selling Agent. bs, 4 Tie November 20, 1884. PHILIP L MOEN, President and Treasurer. CHAS, F, WASHBURN, Vice President & Secretary. WASHBURN é ae MAN AC TURING. £0. Bstablished 1831. Bintan MASS. MANUVAOCTUREERS 0) IRON and STE. WIRE, bpp beni Barb Fencing, Patent Steel Wire Bale Ties. WIRE RODS o Round [ron Bavet ality, 3-16 in. to in., cut te any length. Owners and exclu sive Operators of the PATENT CONTINUVOU 8 ROLLING MILL, producing Iran and Bteel Witte io cotls of 100 pounds, without szam o: atent Garean zed raph Wire, Market and Stone Wire, Annealed Fence and Grape Wire in long lengths ; Coppered Pail- re «Hope icas Bolt, 8c and Chain Wire. Wire for the penetare of ‘Card sae Heddles, A specialty is nade of Clock, Machinery an corn. for particular a) from selected stamps 0 No Iron, SSiagnd od Se (say a Bacal Coes wes Beak tee dee” Petal det ee ee neline iD nen finish. Wire. Steel Wire for Springs, Needies and Drills” Market Steel Wire kept in atoce aitwe* Stool Music oo York, 16 Clif, and 241 Poet —" WAREHOUSES: . . OUSES: | cuicage. 107 and 109 Lake St. | “NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS.” HOWARD & MORSE, .MANUFACTURERS OF TUBULAR LANTERNS. The Boss. Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York. THE TRENTON IRON CO. TRENTON, NEw JERSEY, New York Office. 17 BURLING SLIP, Phi adelphia Office, 21 NORTH 4th STREET, STEEL AND ) IRON WIRE of every Description, Patent Steel Wire Bale Ties. Manufacturers of OUR UNION TIE BEFORE FASTENING. OUR UNION TIE a. The use of Wire for Bale Ties has almost entire) rseded wooden hoops and rope, as it is found much stronger, as well as more economical. T eT es which we manufacture are, we think. the best in the market, as they are mage only from Speciat Steel «hi much greater tensile strength than ordinary Steel Wire Stock Send for Circulars, Price Lists and Samples. WIRE ROPE HAZARD MFG CO WAREROOMS : S87 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK. Works: WILE ESBARRE. Fa. BRODERICK & BASCOM ROPE 60., WIRE ROPE BRODERICK& BASCOM 00) oe Oe MANUFACTURERS OF IRON & STEEL WIRE ROPE. 728 N. Main St., St. Louis, Mo. A. LESCHEN «& SONS, Manufacturers of Manila Rope, "SOUIM| Suyoeg dwey 1 WIRE ROPE Correspondence invited. Tarred Lathyarn, 903 & 905 N. Main &St., ST. LOUIS, MO, wa. fs. BESTE y , MANUFACTURER OF OF BRASS, COPPER § IRON, GALVANIZED AND STEEL WIRE, OF ALL MESHES AND GRADES sometive park Wire Cloth. Wire Werk Expert and Foundry use. Coal rena Bolting Ciotn. rk of every descripticen. NO. 86 “SULTON ST., . - Ew YORK. Iren and Scoot Sages ye a ia COMBE CAT phea cei aeeeeaiets ———s Reha ee c 7 : } 0 , , - —_ SACS ade 5 pel: nee 2 , Seanad eed ; Syne dca Seal November 20, 1884. THERE IRON AGE. 3 ©. LINDEMANN & CO., CARY £1 peameee == _) Seana | * oe pone for all purposes and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. Japanned, Brass, (a hk = Conduc tora’ =—— ; Pm Re volvisg Tin Plater <==. & 2 be Punch Flower Stand. Ww rought-t iron fence. Chair. unch, ee a and Wood 2 oy: “eS E ee S S eS BY =; S RS Ss S ee COVINGTON, Ky.. Sieeanebamen of = Sa > = CAGES BSS aS WIRE GOODS OF ALL pie — _— a : . ' dieistaitt Ge a SS Wrorght-iron Fencing, Cresting and Hardware Specialties. and ee an te >: S NS Ps A Send for Illustrated al Catalogue and Price List. Kright Metal Cages = es = constructed without —_ S NS solder. 1S > 4 ft KRM S. A al > 254 Pearist. WS oo ° " NEW YORK. YRarket Steet Wore, Crimeitme Wire, tempered and covered Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture oe ge: on hand. mat | #44, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, NEW ¥ ORK, | nd and Gras Riddle i ker Sai 131 5z=7 0) FROM AND BRASS RIVETS, Studs, Pins, Screws, &c., For Manufacturers of Light Hardware. BLAKE & JOHNSON, Waterbury, Conn. i@)) | ill MIE Py Worcestep, eeLedd Hil} IUDLOW-SATLOR WIRE CO., st. LOUIS, MO. ee A RAXE TEETH of all patterns, MANUFACTURER OF and HAY TEDDER TEETH, we sare pe guaranteed of superior quality a eae eee we of steel, perfect workmanship pueve gn? Devrtpton. | and admirable temper, made — by GAUTIER STEEL DEPART- a MENT of Cambria Iron Co., CORN POPPERS, SIEVES, Johnstown, Pa. WIRE CLOTH, &c.,, WIRE, WIRE CLOTH, WIRE ROPE, Counter Railings, Window Guards, Iron and Wire Fences, _ PLAIN AND BARBED FENCING WIRE. w. Pp, SUMNER, Pars. F. KR. MINC KLE, 8x0"r, National Wire &lronbe. Detroit, MANUFACTURERS OF Mich. Stairs, Iron Shutters, Roof Cresting, Weather Vanes, Wire Sigua Muminated Sidesuil Tile, Wire Counter Kallings, Wire Cloth, Cheese Safes Wve & Iron Fences, Stable Fixtures, Casting rushes, Counter Suppo. ta, Sand & Coal Screens, ao. ' _tarBead for Oataingaa. rz Me ntion this Paper, THOMPSON McCOSH, President, JOHN A A. McCOSH, Sec. and Treas. BARB WIRE CARRIER. Scrub, Shoe, Whitewash and Other Brushes ADDRESS New York Office: Chicago Office: Philadelphia Office: 104 BEADE sT. 100 DEARBORN 8ST. 623 ANROH 8r. THE BROMWELL BRUSH & WIRE GOODS CO., | scmae Coma penn ca an ee SUL *9 CHARLES A. OTIS, President. SAM’L ANDREWS, Vice President. SAM’L A. SAGUE, General Manager. THOS. JOPLING, Treasurer. JOHN C. ANDREWS, Secretary. NO DANGER OF CU1 CINCINNATI. THE AMERICAN WIRE COMPANY, Established 1819. DRAWERS OF —__—_—|IRON AND W [ 4 a ~ OF EVERY DEWITT WIRE CLOTH CO, |—_— visu TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE WIRE. 87 Chambers St., 708 Market St., GALVANIZED, TINNED AND COPPERED WIRE. NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, en [BE STRAICHTENED AND CUT TO LENGTHS. WESTERN OFFIC Eas Room 2 t “4 MANUFACTURERS » 34 Oe cstor f House “Omces, CLEVELAND, OHIO. Room val ian Seas Nai’ L. Bank aTTERSO! Brass and Copper Wire, WIRE CLOTH TING HANDS OR TEAR. ING CLOTHES. SAVES THE PRICE OF THE LIFTER MANY TIMES EVERY DAY. Manufactured Solely by [PaATENTED.] Hawkeye Steel Barb Fence Co., E. vu. . PaLMen Ag t. eatin! a ee cent h Malka coin ox, Agent. ; BURLINGTON, «oi — FSI PS IS The above cut represents Preston’s Patent Braided Cable Wire Fence Rail, manufactured by the HOLLOW CABLE MFG CO., Hornelisville, N. ¥Y. We also manufacture extensively four different sizes Wire Clothes Lines. Send for Circulars and Price Lists, Chamberlain & Miller, Western Agents, 89 La Lake § St. it., € © bicago, Hl, il. KELLY STEEL BARB WIRE. J. A. EMERICK. HOWARD EVANS. ae w- oo™ a NS xt “> MOLDERS’ TOOLS, FOUNDRY FACING, MOLDING SAND, SUPPLIES u~, FOUNDRY : {pees & J.A. EMERICK & CO., 1056 to 1076 Beach St. PHILADELPHIA. Estao'd 1818. TH Gilbert & Bennett Mfg. Co. 42 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK, MANUFACTURERS OF =| |ron& Galvanized Wire Sieves anu Wire Cloth. Power Loom Painted and Galva ized W-ndow Screen Wire Groth, Galvanized w ire Cloth for Dryin ane Warld’s Galvanized Tene, ene a Twist of every description, Double Selvage, Painted Wire Window Cloth, POULTRY YARDS, &c., Wire Rope for Mines, Elevators, Cables and Transmission of Power, | WIRE NETTING FOR FENCING, | | WIRE CORDS FOR PICTURES WINDOW SASHES, &¢., &c. PATENT OFFICE. F. V. BRIESEN, 82 and 84 Nassau Street, NEW YORK. AMERICAN AND FOREIGN RPATEN TS Solicited ee, and at the lowest rates. WILLIAM MANN, IR.,& CO. Incorp’d 1874. gE Barbs 3 inches apart stand in all directions, YIELDING STEEL BARB, ACTING LIKE A NATURAL THORN. Lightest Weight per Rod. Painted and Galvanized. Only one Agent in eachtown. Address TarORnN Wine HE DGH co., CHICAGO. ILL. oe ROOF CRESTING, lron Fence, Railings, Stable Fittings, BUILDERS’ SPECIALTIES, &e J. EB. BOoOLLEBSsS c& CO., DETROIT, MICH., U.S. A. Send for Catalogue Mention this Paper “WICKWIRE BROTHERS, CORTLAND, N. Y., MANUFACTURERS OF LEWISTOWN, PA., | ESTABLISHED 1848, ~ JNCORPORATED 1870, o J O cheap Railings, we offer this Com posite iron Railing « $1.50 per lineal t, 3 f&. 6 in, The Chilled fron Ornaments are red on to < Wrought Iron Kods, welding the panel into one pico without joints, rust cannot enter. The posts and br have tare | pa a Seoe base.. You can set this fenc into ground Stone foundations are not nece: sary, so that the $1, 50 or! lineal foot covers the whol vo/WIRE CLOTH and WIRE GOODS, “ace WM CABBLE EXCELSIOR WIRE MFG. CO. eS SE ees 43 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK, “CORTLAND” eo Winoow SCHEt AKES, BROAD mye Copper and Iron Wire Cloth, |Waorsem “Flour Shes Adzes, Broad Hatchets, AND BRASS AND COPPER WIRE, Etc. Etc, SPANISH AXKS AND TOOLS. | Coal and Sand Screens, Riddles, &c. fy Metallic Stove Sieve. ama FF “L THE OGDEN & WALLACE, 85,87, 89 & 91 Elm St., New York. Iron = Steel Of every description kept in stock. Agents for Park, Brother & Co.’s BLACK DIAMOND STEEL. All sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel con- stanily ou nano, PIERSON & CO. 24 to 27 West St., Cor. Morris, NEW YORK CITY. “PICKS” of all kinds. “ESOPUS” HORSE SHOE IRON, BEAMS, ANCLES, Tees, Channels, Sheets, Plates. All descriptions in stock. IRON & STEEL. a ABEEL BROS.., IRON MERCHANTS, 190 SOUTH 8T., 365 WATER 8T,, {} NEW YORK. “A.B. M.C0.” SHAFTING. ALSO GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF “ NORWAY,” *‘ULSTER,” “CATASAUQUA,” REFINED AND COMMON IRON, BAND, HOOP AND SCROLL IRON. STEFL OF ALL KINDS. TELEPHONE CALL, “ NASSAU, 379.” A. R. WHITNEY & C0, MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS lron and Steel AGENCIES: PORTAGE TRON CO., Limited, Merchant Lron and Soft Steel. ness STEEL & IRON CO., Homogeneous ates BAY STATE IRON CO., Tank, Boiler and Girder BRANDYWINE ROLLING MILL. Boiler Plates. SOE TUBE WORKS. Boiler Flues. M. BYERS & CO., Wrought Iron Pipe. CARNEULE BROS. & CO., Limited, [ron and 1 Beams, © penne, Shapes and Shafting. H. P. NAIL CO '§ Steel W THE CHESTER PIPE AND’ TUBE CO, Plans and estimates furnished and contracts made for erecting Lron Structures of every descrip- tion. Books containing cuts of all iron made sent on application by mail. Sample pieces at office. Please address 68 Hudson St. New York. BORDEN & LUVELL, Commission Merchants, 70 & 71 West St., L. N. LOVELL, C. A. GREEN — NEW YORK. gd staisk | Agents for the sale of Fall River Iron Co.’s Nalis, Bands, Hoops & Rods, AND Marshall Lefferts & Co., 90 Beekman St,, New York City, MANUFACTURERS OF Galvanized Sheet Iron, Best Bloom, Best Refined and Common. Galvanized Wire, Telegraph and ponrei Suivaniees Hoop ana Band Iron. Gilvanizea Ro? and Bar I: : a anized Nails, Galvanized Chain, Galvanized Iron pe CORRUGATED SHEET IRON For Roofing, &c,, Galvanized, Plain or Painted. Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common SHEET IRON. PL ATE AND Tank Iron, ’. H. No.1 Flange, Best Flange, Ber st ¥ Praxten. Fire box c ircies ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF TRON WURK GALVANIZED OR TINNED TO ORDER. Price list and quotations sent nt. NEE SEG EENOe. application. FOX & DRUMMOND, RAILWAY AND ROLLING MILL MATERIAL, 68 Wall Street, NEW YORE. | JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON, No. 63 Wall St., New York. Utster Iron Works, 90 Broadway, NEW YORK. ]UCKERMAN, MW uiican & Co. DANIEL ws, COONEY, BOILER | PLATES SAND "SHEET IRON, 7 Thien, ee & rire tron ‘cut alls S "splice w Iron pee tle Ww. xt banon Rohites Mitts, "Chester Pipe Tube , Albany & Rens. Iron and Stee Co.’ celebrated Boiler Rivets; Ho jomogeneous decal. Boller and Fire-Box Plates. Epw’p Cornina. 161 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. Cc, W. Leavitt. C.W. LEAVITT & CO., NEW AND SECOND- HAND RAILS, LOCOMOTIVES AND CARS. PIG AND BAR IRON, OLD _— AND ae oe IRON. ATW JOOD H HEMP CAR WHEEL EL. 60. — PARDEE CAR & MACHINE WORKS B. FF. JTUDSON, Importer of and Dealer in SCOTCH AND AMERICAN Pig Iron, Wr.ught & Cast Scrap Iron, OLD METALS. $37£459 stack sezt = NEW YORK. PHIPPS & BURMAN’S Borden Mining Company’s|/ JJQRSE CLIPPERS Cumberland Coals. VOUCGHT & WILLIAMS, MACHINERY, SPRINC STEEL. AGENTS FOR HELLER BROS.’ Clay Crucible Cast Steel. 288 Greenwice Street, NEW YORK. IMPORTED & AMERICAN) PIG IRON. LAKE SUPERIOR CHARCOAL IRON, For Malleable and Car-Wheel Purposes, aA SPECI "ECIALTY. IN STOCK. JOHN BROWER, 81 Murray St., New Yerk. DARLING, BROWN & SHARPE'S Fine Machinists’ Tools ALWAYS IN STOCK At Manufacturers’ Prices. BELCHER, 89 Chambers Street, NEW YORK. atalogues for 188s. WM. McFARLAND, lron and Brass Founder, TRENTON, N. J. CHARLES HIMROD & CO., Chilled Cast Wire Dies a Specialty. CHICAGO AND DETROIT. Any size or style made at short notice, PASSAIC ROLLING MILL CO., Manufacture and have always in stock ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Ohannels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forgings, Eye Bars, &c. PATERSON, N. J. Roem Eee Boom 65, Astor House, New York. CUT NAILS. Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c, DOVER BOILER Boiler Brace Jaws, FULLER BROTHERS & co., 139 Greenwich Street, New York. IRON COV’S RiVETs, Socket Bolts, &c. Ww. H. Wattace, Wa. Bispnam. E. C. WaLLace, wagons, where you buy your hardware, or send for cir- Jar and p: list. CHAMBERS, BROTHER & CoO., R. D. WOOD & C0. Cast Iron Pipe LAMP POSTS, VALVES, ETC. IRON AGE. November 20, 1884, OXFORD IRON AND NAIL CO., Cut Nails AND OF tio. J. 8. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81,83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK, JOHN W. QUINCY & CO., Anthracite, Charcoal, Scotch and English Pig Iron. Is Generally HARRISON &GILLOON IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 558, 560, 562 WATER ST. & 32, x4, 306 CHERRY BT., NEW YORE, have on hand, and offer for sale. the following: Scotch and American Pig Iron, Wrought, Cast and Machinery Scrap Iron, Car Wheels, Axles and Heavy tate a = old Copper, Composition, Brass, BURDEN'S HORSE SHOES. “Burden Best” Iron Cac Naltls, Tnget Copper, Fin Lead, and Boiler Rivets. THE BURDEN IRON CO. TROY, N. Y. ULSTER AND BURDEN’S H. B. & S. Bar Iron. Also Best Grades of American & English Refined Iron. Ali sizes and shapes in stock . EGLESTON BROS, & 60., $86 South St.» | NEW YORK CITY. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., IRON MERCHANTS Cor, Albany & Washington Sts., NEW YORK OITY. BOLT & RIVET CLIPPERS. For cutting off the cats of Bolts and Rivets, on | - arness, etc. Ask for them 63d St., below Lancaster Ave., Phitadeiphia, Pa. PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of FOR WATER AND @AS, Math-w’s Pat. Anti-Freezing Hydrants. 400 CHESTNUT STREET. W. D. WOOD a CO., L’d, JAMES P. WITHEROW, Engineer & Contractor, PITTSBURGH, PA. Agent for the WHITWELL HOT BLAST STOVES OVER 600 IN USE. BAT Planished Sheet Lron. Patented March r4th, 186s ; April 8th, 1873 ; Sept. oth, 1873 ; Oct. 6th, 1874 ; Jan. 11, 1876. The yeti | peewee either have them in use or onder construct Cedar Point Troe | I. 0., N.Y warner , Pa. Crane [ron Co. Pennsylvania ‘Ste sel Co. sepa ae Co te , Lebanon. Pa. Ghester Rollin Mill Co., Pa. Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to th payenpor. = het we ‘Co., Pa IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, and at a much less price. FOR SALE By all the principal METAL DEALERS In the Large Cities throughout THE UNITED STATES, And at their Office, 111 Water Street, Pittsburgh, Pa, eee SYRACUSE MALLEABLE WHEELING NAILS. IRON WORKS, Laughlin Nail Co., SyRacusE, N. y. |\V_ kK. ROSS, SOLE ACENT, 97 Chambers Street, New York. Manhattan Rolling Mill. _ LEONARD, PENNSYLVANIA NIA IRON WORKS | 445 to “451 West Sts NEW YORK, 177 & 179 Bank St., Everson, Brown & Co., MANUFACTURER OF SECOND AVE., PITTSBURGH, PA., HOR SE SHOE IRON, MANUFACTURERS OF __ Toe Calk Steel, Rods, Ovals, Half Ovals and Flats. Light Sheet fron. | KEYSTONE ROLLING MILL, Limited, ROOFING SHEET of all grades a specialty. Prices quoted promptly upon application. ° 0. a. Camp’ Sons, Ohio. Hocking Valle Jree Co., Ohio. Cleveland Rolling Mill Co,, Obie Meier Iron Co., North Chicago Steel C ne mh Union [ron and Steel DL Mower and Reaper Castings and Carriage Irons a Specialty. WwW. B. BURNS, Proprietor, Mavufacturers of IRON, Pittsburgh, Pa. Bonnell, Botstord & Co., IRON, NAILS AND SPIKES YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. JOHN CALDWELL, Treas. T. W. WELSH, Supt. W. W. CARD, Secy. CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON ROOFING & SIDING, Iron Buildings, Roof: Bhutters, nee ‘dash oth Bridees, rs, Cornices MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO., 5 Dey Street, NEW YORK. GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, Jr, Prest. H. H. WESTINGHOUSE, Gen’l Agt. T = BE — Westinghouse Air-Brake Co. PITTSBURGH, PA., VU. S.A., MANUFACTURERS OF THE WESTINGHOUSE AUTOMATIC BRAKE, Westinghouse Locomotive Driver Brake, Vacuum Brakes (Westinghouse & Smith Patents). WESTINGHOUSE FREIGHT BRAKE. The Automatic Freight Brake is essentially the same apparatus as the Automatic Brake toe that the wanvoge parts nae so combined as to form practically one piece of mechanism, and is so * a very en The saviog in accidents, flat wheeis, brakemen’s wages, veeees speed possible with perfect ee will repay the cost of its application within The ne ‘Automatic ” has proved itself to be the must efficient Train and Safety Brake known. Its application is lnstaatansens ; it can be operated from: any car in the trai desired, and should the r hose or pipe fail, it applies automatically. A GUARANTEE is given customers pen troan | PATENT SUITS on the apparatus sold them The WESTINGHOUSE BRAKE is now fitted to upward of 15,000 ENGINES AND 80,000 CARS, and is adopted by the principal Railways in all parts of the world. INFORMATION FURNISHED ON APPLICATION, IRON WORKS. KIRKPATRICK & CO., LIMITED, Manufacture of all Grades of FINE SHEET IRONS, (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, &c.) NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OFFICE, No, 143 First Ave., : Pa. CHAMPION FULL LEECHBURG WORKS, Leechburg, Pa, BROWN'S HOC AND PIC HOG RINCER RINGER ana RINGS. RINGS and HOLDER, Only double ying ever C= BILL CORN HUSKER is mae! beet | Husker in the fathe best, P"Wasae ata Ringers, 75c. ings, soc. 100. Holders, 7sc. Huskers, 15¢. ee BERING & QUINLAN, Exclusive Manufacturers, eal Ti. points = me noce 2 t0 teep it Jous J. BPOWERS, ALEXANDER BURNS, THE JERSEY CITY G. GALVANIZING Ce COo., GALVANIZED MATERIAL OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. ALVAHRIZING IN ALL ITS BRAN gebeantunh Ghost ease Bloom, Best Refined, Common. aeuerioed 7 iat Square Band and Hoop Iron, &c., &c. | | Corrugated Sheet tron a Specialty, Galvanized. Black and Taintes Iron Oorrugated for the Trade ' WORKS GREEN AND BAY STREETS, JERSEY CITY, W. 1. OFFICE AND WATEHOUSE, 98 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK 17% abide ane Rekha ‘ Ape ap Se Te: Al titi ena len es al ER | I ee le rm hk. November 20, 1884. THE IRON AGE. HENRY LEVIS & CO., Manufacturers’ Agents For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and Sheet Iron and General Railway WILLIAM R. HART & CO., AMERICAN AND FOREIGN PIG IRON, SPIEGELEISEN, Steel Blooms, Crop Ends, Tin Plates, &c. No, 224 South Third St. PHILADELPHIA. Heavy Rails, Railway F'astenings, STREET Equipments. Old Ralls, Axles, and eels bought and sold. 934 8. 4th St., Phiiadeipria. or ADDRESS: Cambria Iron Co,, Office, 218 South Fourth St., Philadelphia, Pa. Johnstown, Pennsylvania. THE PHCNIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, | > and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT IKON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, and built up shapes fo Iron Bridges. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and cvory varicty of SHAPE IRON made to order. Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty Street. BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymarek St. ALAN WOOD & CoO., MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom PLATE c& SHEET IRON, ALSO LIGHT PLATES AND SHEETS OF STEEL, No. 519 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Orders solicited especially for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, a and Boat Iron ; Last, Stamping, Ferrule, Locomotive Heaulight and Jacket Iron. WW. H.WALBAUM & CO., 206 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia, 61 Pine St., New York. NEW AND CLD RAILS, BLOOMS, BESSEMER PIC, Crop Ends, Spiegeleisen, Iron Ores and Railroad Supplies Generally. AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR THE NORTH LONSDADE IRON & STEEL 6o.. Bessemer Pig Iron, brand Malleable Pig Iron, brand * U. H M.’ MOSS BAY HEMATITE IRON & STEEL CO., Limited. Spiegeleisen, Crop Ends, &c. Also for ** Lorn” Malleable Charcoal! Pig Iron and N B AL LEN & CO.'S Dinas Fire Bricks. Also Sole Agents for the WHITE RIVER MINING CO’S. Arkansas Manganese Ore, Guaranteed so per soak Mistotls Wosapnaee j AS. ROWLAND —& C0. eel Raed ote dell nl Limited, ‘Ulverston ;”" 9290 North Delaware Ave., - PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of the m ANVIL BRAND REFINED MERCHANT BAR IRON. Also, the James Rowland & Co. Kensington Wr Nase cut from their Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel; Skelp g Iron a specialty; also Rounds, Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop Iron. PENCOYD IRON WORKS. A. céce PP. ROBERTS c& CO., MANUFACTURERS OF BEAMS, CHANNELS, DECK BEAMS, P ANGLES, TEES, ees MERCHANT BAR. of in ts SHAFTING AND ROLLED OR HAMMERED AXLES OF IRON OR STEEL. a Office, No, 36 8S. Fourth St., Philadelphia. = Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. J. WW. RPASTSON co CO., DEALERS IN MOULDING SAND, 1021 North Delaware a @eeniedemcivactellem PHILADELPHIA, PA., , MANUFACTURERS X MINERAL, CHARCOAL FACING, LEAD FAOING, XX MINERAL, ANTHRACITE FACING, RIPDLES, SHOVELS, IXL FACING, SOAPSTONE, STEEL BRUSHES. THE ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILLS, Manufacturers of Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. G neral Office, 237 South Third St., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa. SAHENANDOAH IRON, LUMBER, MINING & MFG. CO., MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERIOR COKE PIG IRON FROM NEUTRAL HEMATITE ORES. Aiso CHARCOAL PIG IRON AND BLOOMS FROM SAME ORES. Works at MILNES, PAGE Co., VA. Treasurer’s Office, 132 WALNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA. HOFFMAN, PARRY & CO., Sales Agents, 208 South 4th St., Philadelphia. Light Rails, RAILS. JUSTICE OOX, Jr. JUSTICE COX, JR, & CO., Hdward J. Htting, TRON BROKER anp COMMISSION MERCHANT PI 22323 S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. CHI AGENTS FOR B CKIES, CONEWAGO, MONTGOMERY ANI &» ar and Rallroad iron. SHENANDOAH OLD RAILS, SORAP, &o. Agent for the MOUNT SAVAGE FIRE BRICK, The Allentown Iron Co. and the Greenwood Rolling Mill. on Te WHARF AND YARD ARE AVENUE ABOVE CALLO STREET, connected by track with railroad. oe Cask advances made en Iren. CARBON ROLLING MILL CO., Limited, Best Quality Muck Bar. CATASAUQUA MFG, CO.’S Shenandoah (Va.) Best Charcoal Blooms, Jas. G. Lrypsay. TuHos, S. Parvin. LINDSAY, PARVIN & CO., Successors to Luoyp & Linpsay, 828 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. Iron Ship and oy é JEROME KEELEY & CO.. 906 Walnut Place, Philadelphia, SELLING AGENTS FOR CHARCOAL and ANTHRACITE BLOOMS, PIG IRON, BAK IRON, SHEET IRON i idy BON, SHEET IRON, STEEL and IRON RAILS Builders’ Materials, Stee} | 824 HEMATITE IRON ORES FIRE BRIC K, COAL es eneneeeep E. H. Wilson, A. Kaiser. J. B. M. Hirons, Ethelbert W atts, Jos. C. Poulterer. ETHELBERT WATTS & Co., E. H. WILSON 4& CO., 230 Seuth Third Street, Philadelphia. Iron Brokers and Commission Merchants, BROKERS AND DEALERS IN Offices, No. 220 So. Third Street, Phila, BALES AGEN CORNWALL ORE BANK CO. 2% CROMW ELL IRON CO,, ; IRON ORES, vara rantace ws CO | x om™ TRON AND STEEL. Messrs. EVERETT & POST, } Chicago and 8t. Louis, P 10 LEAD & SPELTER. Correspondence Solicited. aenentiieendiletiicpesenatiicensseceeces L. & R. WISTER & CO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 230 So, 4th St., Philadelphia. AGENTS _ Correspondence solicited. J. W. HOFFMAN & O0., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 308 South Fourth &t., Philadelphia, SELLING AGENTS, PINE IRON WORKS, Pine Brand Plat GLAS IRON CO., Plates and Muck Bars; SPRANG STERL & Kemble and Norway Foun r IRON CO, (Limited), Siemens-Martin (O R rae 'y and Forge Pig Iron. | Steel (O; en-Rearth) Wyebrooke ©, B. Charcoal Pig Iron. Buchanan ao real and Sheared Plates, Angies and Red Short Pig fron. DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF SCRAP IRON, JNO. L. HOGAN, RICH’D M., ELLIOT. HOGAN & ELLIOT, att & 413 WALNUT ST.,, PHILADELPHIA. IRON AND ORES, Old Rails, Wrought and Cast Scrap, Iron and Steel Blooms and Billets. AGENTS For: Brier Hill Iron and Coal Co. . Pig Iron Low Moor Iron Co., of Virginia, Pig Tron. Mount Hope Special Stre ngth C barcoal Pig Iron, Youngstown Steel Co. Washed Metal, for Open Hearth and Crucivle purposes. Connvllsville Coke. Low Phosphorus Bessemer P ig Lrona Specialty. MORRIS, WHEELER & co., LRON, STEEL & NAILS. WAREHOUSE and OFFICES, | SALES OFFICES 16th & Market Sts., 400 Chestnut St., PHILA., PA. PHILA., PA. New York Address, 14 OLIFF 8T. REUBEN HAINES, OoOREMIsT, 738 Sansom &St., Philadelphia. Analysis of Ores of Iron and other Metals, Pig Iron and Steel. Assay of Gold and Silver Ores. Water Analysis for Manuf’ing and Household Use. ANDOVER PIG IRON, FOR BEST MILL PRODUCTS No further orders taken for Gre y Mottled Iron. Andover Uhill Iron for Uarwnesis, do. Each pig marked exact chill depth (4% in inch), A. Wnitney & Son's cunewe = % PF. A. ComLy, Treas. J. WESLEY PULLMAN, Agent. 407 Wainat St., PHILADELPHIA. J. J. MOHR, Sole Agent for Sheridan, _Leesport, Temple, Lynchburg, Millcreek and Mt. Laurel FOUNDRY & FORGE PIG IRON, CHARCOAL PIC IRON. 430 Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA, PA. TESTED CHAINS, BRADLEE & CO., EMPIRE CHAIN WORKS, 816 Richmond 8t., PHILADELPHIA. Chains for Foundry Cranes and Slings. “*D. B. C.”’ Special Crane Chain. Steel and Iron Dredging, Slope and Mining Chains. Ship’s Cables and Marine Railway Chains. CUMBERLAND NAIL AND IRON CO. MANUFACTURERS OF "Cumberland ” Nails and Wrought Iron Pipe, 43 North Water Street and 44 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA. J. TATNALL LEA & CO.,, Successors to CABEEN & OO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, No. 4200 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. BESSEMER, MILL AND FOUNDRY PIG IRON, SKELP IRON, MUCK AND SCRAP BARS NATIVE AND FOREIGN ORES. AGENTS FOR CONNELLSVILLE COKE. LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR-WHEEL TIRES Manufactured from the celebrated OTIS STEEL BRAND ¢ STANDARD Quality and efficienc Png guaranteed. Prices as low as any of the same q We manufacture Heavy and Light Forgings, Driving ie Car Axles, Crank Pins, Piston Rods, &c. THE STANDARD STEEL WORKS, Werks at LEWISTOWN, PA. Office: 220 8. ath St., Philadeiphia, Pa. CARRETT & BLAIR, TAYLOR--LANGDON GAS-ROASTED BESSEMER ORE, Specially adapted to Sofe Foundr Highe Grades of Mill Iron. 7” - WESLEY PULLMAN, 407 Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA. NORTH BROTHERS, lron Founders, LIGHT CASTINGS A SPECIALTY. N. W. Cor. 23d and Race Streets, PHILADELPHIA, Correspondence solicited. J. BOOTH, ANALYTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMISTS, 919 and 921 Chant St. 10th St. above Chestnut St.), Philadelphia, Pa. Established in 1836, Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys of all kinds. A special department for the ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, — with all the apparatus iataeta. Tine for io saple one | acsusate apehyeis of rom, Seal, oe Slags, Limestones, Coals, s, Fire Sands, c. gen or sam Dg ores ip ew ork ap Baltimore. Price liste on application. . CHARLES K. BARNS. Foundry & Forge Pig Iron. Bar, Angle, Skelp and Sheet Iron. No. 294 So. Fourth 8t., PHILADELPHIA, RAILS and BARS, MAGNETIC and Iron Shanes and I ars, Sheet [ and ‘OKE. MUCK ron, Sheet Steel, CK BARS. Handle Old Iron and Steel Pig Iron, Muck Bars, Plate Girders for Bridges and of trea ant Coal; Operon ne and negotiate sales uildings. Contracts placed for Iron Structures sittin ally, as it descends, it increases in size, but, (Continued from page f. from our present idea. The 120 pounds of ehromium pig metal was heated to a red heat and thrown into the vessel when it was turned down after finishing blowing ; it was turned up again for a quarter of a minute, and then the metal was poured into the casting laddle. This seems to have ended the chromium experiments. An octagon ingot was cast on April 25, 1866, which weighed 2924 pounds and was 15 inches in diameter. The mold was filled to within and an iron bar 12 inches of the top, = inches in diameter and 20 inches long was lowered into the metal to the depth of 4 inches. This formed a handle for forging. Most probably this was the first large ingot made in this country. On the 26th another such ingot was made for a_ crank-shaft forging. May 1866, another experiment tried by running 1500 pounds of metal into the converter, blowing it 10 minutes, when it was entirely decarbonized. Three thou- sand pounds more of pig were then run in and the vessel again turned up, the blast being on to mix the metal. [t was then poured into the ladle and cast in the molds. These are described as being ‘‘ sixes and sevens.”’ So charges were made in the month of May, yielding : > saw 81.5 1.8 16.7 118 tons 1735 pounds Ingots ) per cent Scrap Loss : Steel made ee The 2-ton plant continued to run with in- creasing success. The patent difficulties were settled and the firm commenced the erection of a two 5-ton converter plant. This was finished early in 1867. And I find from an old statement it was ‘‘ confidently expected to produce from 20 to 30 tons of iron or steel ingots every turn of 10 hours,” Before the final abandonment of the 2-ton plant Mr. Z S. Durfee assumed charge of the works, Mr. Holley having severed his connection to finish building the Pennsyl- vania Steel Company’s plant at Harrisburg, Pa., after seeing the 5-ton plant at Troy about ready for work. Among other changes Mr. Durfee pulled down the spiegel furnace J and put in a crucible or pot furnace, in which he melted his recarbonizer. It was then called ferromanganese, and contained about 20 per cent. of manganese, This was melted in crucibles, and Mr. Durfee suc- ceeded in producing some very good low- carbon steel. While we smile over these records of a past that to some of us seems so long ago— yet in time is but as yesterday—let us real- ize what these trials meant to those conduct- ing them. Let us not overlook their earnest endeavors, their high hopes, many disappoint- ments, but never-failing courage. Strong faith was required, both by the capitalist and the engineer. Probably no industry ever made such gigantic strides, attained such advancement in the same number of years, as the Bessemer process in America. But the fire that burnt away its crudities also consumed great spirits. The bold investor, E. B. Ward, the cultivated Z. S. Durfee, the perfect gentleman, the constant patriot, John A. Griswold, have passed away, while to those of us who have been in the thickest of the fight comes more closely the death of that daring engineer, always advancing, ever right, warm, uncompromising friend, George Fritz, and, saddest of all, the loss of him whose hand recorded most of that which I have presented to you, records of the actual wearing away of his great heart. Applied science triumphed, but Alexander Lyman Holley died. I Relation of Elegance to Strength in Machinery. BY T. P. PEMBERTON. It is unfortunately true that the idea that elegance is allied to weakness, if not synonymous with it, is far too preva- lent. It finds expression in the con- stant association given to ‘‘ rudeness ”’ and ‘‘strength.” Some men seem to de- spise neatness and beauty, and boast of the rough and inelegant appearance of their pro- ductions, as if these features were the certain indications of utility and durability. The fact is that a thing may be very ugly and yet very worthless ; it may be very rough and yet utterly incompetent to bear severe strains, and it is certain that if the lines of any structure violate the principles of good taste they must also violate those principles which must guide us if we would secure strength and rigidity. Because a machine will not be seen always by critical eyes is no reason why there should be a disregard to symmetry and pleasing outline. And yet we con- stantly see machinery turned out rough and ugly in apearance, because it is to operate in some obscure place ; castings are left rough and poorly cleaned ; surfaces are unplaned and unfinished, and paint will often cover a multitude of imper- fections. We have seen engines with eccen- trics and eccentric straps finished, but the rods left as they came from the hands of the blacksmith. Curious enough, the eye will detect such slovenly work and attempts to cheapen almost at the first glance. Such incongruities mar the whole appearance. We are told “it would not pay ;"’ that ‘‘ the machine will work just as well ;"’ that *‘ the mechine is going where it won't be seen ;” that ‘it is going among a rough lot,” &c. Now, let us not be misunderstood. If a ma- chine is going into a mine, or is to be placed where the surroundings are wet, dusty or ‘dirty, it would be folly to finish and polish ; but there is no reason whatever why the , the general design—the form of frames and rods and plummer blocks and _ boiler fittings —should be unshapely masses of metal. It is a curious fact that almost all the lines developed by a careful analysis of the forces required to resist strains are beautiful curves —chiefly those derived from conic sections. | Let us, for example, examine the form of a tree as developed by the efforts of nature to resist the powerful strains exerted upon the stem by the winds. We find no straight lines here. From the point where it divides into branches and forms the head, to the point where it is anchored to the soil, the outline of the stem forms a beautiful curve ; there is not a straight line about it Gradu eer - November 20, 1884. O + 45. LRON. AGE. A. Ex. WICNEAA Ta, UANSEN HERNSHEIM & CO. 16 & 18 Exchange Place, NEW YORK. BURLINGTON, N J. STEEL RAILS, BLOOMS AND WIRE RODS, 11 recone OYE eR, Bessemer, Scotch and Charcoal Pig Iron, FERROMANCANESE SPIECEL IRON, SCRAP IRON, &c., &c. BRITTON IRON AND STEEL CO., MANUFACTURERS OF IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE, Tank, Bridge and Ship Plates, BLACK AND GALVANIZED SHEET IRON. Works foot of Wason St., cor. L. S. & M. S. R. R.., CLEVELAND, O. CHARLES HUBBARD, 46 Cliff St., New York City HEAVY STEEL AND IRON FORGINGS, For Marine and Stationary Engines. Homogeneous Steel Boller Plate, “Nashua” Brand. Best YORKSHIRE BAR, ** TAVWLOR”® IRON, for Stamped Work, Screws, etc., etc. WROUGHT IRON Boiler Tubes, Steam, Gas and Water Pipe. Oil Well Tub:ng, Casing and LINE PIPE. Cotton Presses, Forgings, Rolling Mill and General Machinery. READING IRON mony 261 S. Fourth St, Philac eign, FLANGE PIPES. "OM Apunoy jerauag casT IRON PIPES, FOR WATER AND CAS. "i ESTABLISHED IN 1848. @ MUSHET SPECIAL TOOL STEEL, requires neither tempering nor hardening. SINGER, NIMICK & CO., Limited, = PITTSBURGH, PA,, Established . - 1861. s ~ MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF THOMAS CC. “Cc. BURROWS, = < HAMMERED AND ROLLED Agent for Jersey City Stee! Company, ca ‘4 sani — Q, Ss —— EE E: LT sadnioaee S"T"RLBCL Of Al Decrptions s 4 anni — = e Z Warranted Eaual to an Tiana WAREHOUSE, 99 and 101 JOHN ST. NEW YORK. es L a ° ni deepal ecient smcieaesmacaeraastet | ? A, : =P REST REFINED TOOL CAST STEEL ae B .: For Edge and Turning Tools, Taps, Dies, Drills, Punches, Shear- ‘wo ta n Knives, Cold-Chisels and Machinists’ Tools generally. © Ss O b SA WwW P LATTES MANUFACTURERS OF - i =U 5 Fo