The Iron Age 1884-11-13: Vol 34 Iss 20

The Iron Age és: ll od 3 hey eae aR ae ¢ READING MATTER A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. AOVERTISEMENTS Published ‘A . Vol. XXXIV: No 20. The Temperature of the Solar Surface. | is twice that of the secant of 17° 12’, viz. |61° 28’, determines the minimum atmos- . | pheric absorption at New York. The result The ed oa the oe moter Sas | of observations conducted during a series of ae of aS een prove that | years shows that the maximum solar inten- ener, : ° : a the temperature of the surface of the sun is | _—- [ae “a pare age aa ee of he eed per ms hence, minimum atmospheric absorption at e summe Ss 4, IN r ’ ‘ . ‘ ° . experimental investigation, for the purpose ew York during the summer solstice is of demonstrating the temperature of the | ¢¢ .2—52°.5 = 13°.7F., or 13.7 solar surface corresponding with the temper- : 66.2 ature transmitted to the sun motor. Refer-| 11, sun's radiant energy where the rays ring to the illustrations previously published, eben the teesenteted etmanphete. it will be seen that per oe vee In order to determine the loss of energy the sun = a ae pe rod © | attending the reflection of the rays by the pee See ee ee 1D8 | diagonal mirrors, I have constructed a air, is not well adapted for an exact deter-|_°. it ’ mination of the amount of surface exposed | °P® cial apparatus, which, by a means of a to the action of the reflected solar rays. It will be perceived, on inspection, that only part of the bottom of the cylindrical heater of the motor is acted upon by the reflected rays, and that their density diminishes gradually toward the sides of the vessel ; also that, owing to the imperfections of the surface of the reflecting plates, the exact course of the terminal rays cannot be defined. Consequently, the most important point in the investigation, namely, the area acted upon by the reflected radiant heat, can- not be accurately determined. I have ac- cordingly constructed an instrument of large dimensions, a polygonal reflector (see Fig. 1), composed of a series of inclined mirrors, and provided with a central heater of conical form, acted upor by the reflected radiation in such a manner that each point of its surface receives an equal amount of radiant heat in a given time. The said re- flector is contained within two regular polygonal planes 12 inches apart, each hav- ing 96 sides, the perimeter of the upper plane corresponding with a circle of 8 feet diameter, that of the lower plane being 6 feet. The corresponding sides of these planes are connected by flat, taper mir- rors composed of thin glass silvered on the outside. When the reflector faces the sun at right angles, each mirror intercepts a pencil of rays of 32.61 square inches sec- tion ; hence the entire reflecting surface re- ceives the radiant heat of an annular sun- beam of 32.61 X 96 = 3130 square inches section. It should be observed that the area thus stated is 0.011 less than the total fore- shortened superficies of the 96 mirrors if sufficiently wide to come in perfect contact at the vertices. Fig. 2 represents a trans- verse section of the instrument as it appears when facing the sun, the direct and reflected rays being indicated by dotted lines. The volaeie and conical heater are sustained by a flat hub and eight radial spokes bent upward toward the ends at an angle of 45°. e hub and spokes are supported by a vertical pivot, by means of which the operator is enabled to follow the diur- nal motion of the sun, while a_hori- zontal axle, secured to the upper end of the pivot, and held by appropriate bear- ings under the hub, enables him to regu- late the inclination to correspond with the altitude of the luminary. The heater is com- of rolled plate iron 0.017 inch thick, and provided with head and bottom formed of nen-condacting materials. By means of a screw plug passing through the bottom and entering the face of the hub the heater may be applied and removed in the course of five minutes, an important fact, as will be seen hereafter. It is scarcely necessary to state that the proportion of the ends of the conical heater should correspond with the perimeters of the reflector; hence the diam- eter of the upper end, at the intersection of the polygonal plane, should be to that of the lower end as 8 to 6, in order that every part may be acted upon by reflected rays of equal density. This condition being fulfilled, the temperature communicated will be perfectly uniform. A short tube passes through the upper head of the heater, through which a thermometer is, inserted for measuring the internal temperature. The stem being some- what less than the bore of the tube, a small opening is formed by which the equilibrium of pressure will be established with the exte atmosphere. It should be mentioned that the indications of the thermometer during the experiment have been remarkably prompt, the bulb being subjected to the joint influence of radiation and convection. The foregoing particulars, it will be found, = 0.207 of sun, based his calculations on the result of his practical observations that the maximum temperature produced by solar radiation was one-third of that of boiling water. Modern research shows that the observer of 1680 underrated solar density only 5° for the latitude of London. The distance of the comet from the center of the sun being to the distance of the earth from the same as 6 to 1000, the author of the ‘‘ Principia” asserted that the density of the rays was as 10007 to 6? = 28,000 tor; hence, the comet was subjected to a temperature of 28,000 X 180° = 1,680,000°, an intensity exactly The dis- Fig. 1.—Perspective View of Reflector. Fig. 2.—Vertical Section of Reflector. furnish all necessary data for determining | parallactic mechanism, faces the sun at right | tance of the comet from the solar surface with absolute precision the diffusion of rays | angles during observations. It consists prin- acting on the central vessel of the solar py- | cipally of two small mirrors, manufactured rometer. But the determination of tempera- | of the same materials as the reflector, placed ture which uninterrupted solar radiation is | diagonally at right angles to each other, a capable of transmitting to the polygonal re- flector calls for a correct knowledge of atmospheric absorption. Besides, an accu- rate estimate of the loss of radiant heat at- tending the reflection of the rays by the mir- rors is indispensable. Let us consider these points separately. Atmospheric Absorption.—The _ principal object of conducting the investigation during thermometer being applied bet ween the two, whose stem points toward the sun. The direct solar rays, entering through perfora- tion of an appropriate shade and reflected by the inclined mirrors, act simultaneously on opposite sides of the bulb. The mean result of repeated trials, all differing but slightly, show that the energy of the direct solar rays acting on the polygonal reflector the summer solstice has been the facilities | is reduced 0.285 before reaching the heater. afforded for determining atmospheric ab-|In accordancé with: the’ previous article, sorption, the sun’s zenith distance at noon | the investigation has been based on the as- being only 17° 12° at New York. The re-| sumption that the temperatures produced by tardation of the sun’s raysin passing through | radiant heat at given distances from its a clear atmosphere obviously depends on the | source are inversely as the diffusion of the depth penetrated; bence, neglecting the | rays at those distances. In other words, curvature of the atmospheric limit, the re- | the temperature produced by solar radiation tardation will be as to the secants of the|is as the density of the rays. zenith distances. Aceordingly, an observa- | remembered that Sir Isaac Newton, in esti- tion of the temperature produced by solar | mating the temperature to which the comet radiation at a zenith distance whose secant | of 1680 was subjected when nearest to the It will be | | being equal to one-third of the sun’s radius, | it will be seen that, in accordance with the Newtonian doctrine, the temperature to which it was subjected indicated a solar in- roe x 1,680,000 3° tensity o = 2,986,000° F. The writer has established the correct- ness of the assumption that ‘‘ the tempera- ture is as the density of the rays,” by showing practically that the diminution of | solar temperature (for corresponding zenith | distances) when the earth is in aphelion corresponds with the increased diffusion of the rays consequent on increased distance from the sun. This practical demonstration, however, has been questioned on the insuf- | earth’s orbit is too small, and the tem - ture produced by solar radiation too oo to furnish a safe basis for computations of solar temperature. In order to meet the objection that the diffusion of the rays in aphelion do not differ sufficiently, the solar pyrometer has been so New York, Thursday, November 13, 1 CAPTAIN ERICSSON’S SOLAR PYROMETER, ERECTED AT NEW YORK, SS4. arranged that the density—i. e., the diffusion of the reflected rays—can be changed from a ratio of rt in 5040 to that of 1 in 10,241. This has heen effected by employing heaters respectively 10 inches and 20 inches in diam- With reference to the ‘“‘low” solar temperature pointed out, it will be perceived that the adopted expedient of increasing the density of the rays without raising the converging radiation re- eter. temperature by moves the objection urged. Agreeably to the dimensions already spec- ified, the area of the 10-inch heater acted upon by the reflected solar rays is 331.65 The section of the annular square inches. every Thursday Morning by Davin Wituiams, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. sunbeam whose direct rays act upon the ‘‘ 2000 times greater than that of red-hot} polygonal reflector is 3130 square inches, as iron” at a temperature of 840°. before stated. 1884. Regarding the diffusion of the solar rays during the investigation, the following dem onstration will be readily understood. The area of a sphere whose radius is equal to the earth’s distance from the sun in aphelion being to the sun’s area as 218.1’ to 1, while $4.50 a@ Year, Including Postage. Single Copies, Ten Cents. Accordingly, the heaters of the solar pyrom- eter. did not reach maximum temperature, the highest indication by the thermometer of the small heater being 336°.5, that of the larger one being 200°.5, above the surround- ing air. No compensation will, however, be introduced on account of deficient solar heat, the intention being to base the computation of solar temperature solely on the result of observations conducted at New York during the summer solstice of 1884. It will be noticed that the temperature of the large heater is proportionately higher than that of the small heater, a fact showing that the latter, owing to its higher temperature, loses more heat by radiation and convection than the former. Besides, the rate of cooling of heated bodies increases more rapidly than the augmentation of temperature. The loss occasioned by the imperfect re- flection of the mirrors, as before stated, is 0,235 of the energy transmitted by the direct solar rays acting on the polygonal reflector ; hence the temperature which the solar rays are capable of imparting to the large heater will be 200°.5 X 1.235 = 247°.617, but the energy of the solar rays acting on the re- flector is reduced 0.207 by atmospheric absorption ; consequently, the ultimate tem- perature which the sun’s radiant energy is capable of imparting to the heater is 1.207 X 247°.617 = 298°.87 F. It is hardly ne- cessary to observe that this temperature (developed by solar radiation diffused fully ten-thousand-fold) must be regarded as an actual temperature, since a perfectly trans- parent atmosphere, and a reflector capable of transmitting the whole energy of the sun rays to the heater, would produce the same. The result of the experimental investiga- tion carried out during the summer solstice of 1884 may be thus briefly stated: The dif- fusion of the solar rays acting on the 20- inch heater being in the ratio of 1 to 10,241, the temperature of the solar surface cannot be less than 298°.87 XK 10,241 = 3,060,727° F. This underrated computation must be ac- cepted unless it can be shown that the tem- pe ature produced by radiant heat is not in- versely as the diffusion of the rays. Phys- icists who question the existence of such high solar temperature should bear in mind that, in consequence of the great attraction of the solar mass, hydrogen on the sun’s sur- face raised to a temperature of 4000" C. will be nearly twice as heavy as hydrogen on the surface of the earth at ordinary atmospheric temperatures ; and that, owing to the im- mense depth of the solar atmosphere, its density would be so enormous at the stated low temperature that the observed rapid movements within the solar envelope could not possibly take place. It scarcely needs demonstration to prove that extreme tenuity can alone account for the extraordinary ve- locities recorded by observers of solar phe- nomena. But extreme tenuity is incom- patible with low temperature and the press- ure produced by an atmospheric column probably exceeding 50,000 miles in hight, subjected to the sun’s powerful attraction, diminished only one-fourth at the stated ele- vation. These facts warrant the conclusion that the high temperature established by our investigation is requisite to prevent undue density of the solar atmosphere. It is not intended at present to discuss the necessity of tenuity with reference to the functions of the sun as a radiator, yet it will be proper to observe that on merely dynamical grounds the enormous density of the solar envelope which would result from low temperature presents an unanswerable objection to the assumption of Poillet, Vicaire, Sainte-Claire Deville and other eminent savants—that the temperature of the solar surface does not reach 3000° C,—Capt. J. Ericsson, in Nature. —— Shipbuilding on the Pacific Coast.— The steamship W. G. Hall has been built by the Hall Bros., at Port Blakeley, for the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company of the Hawaiian Islands. She is 170 feet over all, 160 feet length of keel, 31 feet beam and 13 feet depthof hold. Her registered tonnage is 480.00, with a carrying capacity of about 600 tons. The steamer is schooner- rigged, and carries four 5-ton boats for the transportation of freight and passengers to and from the various landings at which she calls. She is intended for what is known as the Kau route to the volcano of Kilauea. Visitors to the islands can now see the voleano within 10 days from the date of their leaving San Francisco. The W. G. Hall will be run in connection with the steamers Alameda and Mariposa, of the Oceanic Steamship Com- pany, which leave San Francisco on the Ist 15th of each month. - rT —_ Testing a Smoke-Consumer at St. Louis.—At the Macdonald Forge and [ron , = 0.0658 | Works, at the foot of Miller street, St. Louis, a recent test was made of the smoke-con- suming device invented by Michael Kearney, the master mechanic of the Frisco Road. the reflector of the solar pyrometer inter- cepts a sunbeam of 3130 square inches sec- tion, it follows that the reflectors will receive 3130 218.1 square inch of the solar surface. Hence, as the 10-inch heater presents an area of 331.65 the radiant heat developed by ficient ground that ‘* the eccentricity of the | square inches, we establish the fact that the reflected solar rays, acting on the same, are | diffused in the ratio of 331.65 to 0.0658, or .6 : , rs = 5040 to 1, the diffusion of the rays acting on the 20-inch heater being as 673.9 to 673. 0.0658, or or = 10,241 to I, The atmospheric conditions having proved | unfavorable during the investigation, maxi- The fire-box of a new heating furnace was filled at 7 a. m., and at 11 a large quantity of fuel was still unconsumed. A pure white flame poured through the furnace from one end to the other, and thence to one of the boilers, where the tail end of the flame kept up @ pressure of 100 pounds of steam, It is stated that the stack from this furnace gave no hint of smoke or vapor, something in marked contrast to the volumes of black clouds rolling out of the other stacks close mum solar temperature was not recorded. round, —~ @ 4 2 Ue cee ees er SAO ~ rr . a ‘2 ‘A £2... 22D... ie Bi November 18, 1884. ANSONIA BRASS AND The Plume &Atwood IFS SSS Sey COPPER CO., ‘ \ PURE, COPPER. WIRE roma a cums mame, Af or ectrica a sare and ove SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE,; =f = w O'NEILS’S PATENT PLANISHED , ! ashburn & Moen Mfg. Co | os Secmnlons. Brats and Wavertory Brass Co ~~ i: hn pry og | Established, 1831. Capital, $1,500,000 | W. E, DODGE aoe Gane ale, ESTABLISHED 104s. 2 pp . 1. WORCESTER, MASS. | Pres't. Wire, O'Neits's Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, /Conner Electrical Wire, Pins, 0 Oe ae Patent Nickel- CERMAN SILVER, y -P d Treas. A 1 COWLES, Plated Copper, | Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, COPPER RIVETS AND BURS, BRASS KETTLES, Door Rail, Brass Tags, PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASKS, Metallle Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Monsures, dc. And small Brass Wares of every Description. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a pecialty. Sole Agents for the Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 18 Murray Street, New York. 183 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Rolling Mill, Factories, THOMASTON, Ct. WATERBURY, Ct. Bridgeport Brass Co.,, { WIRE DRAWERS. -; Patent Galvanizing, Rolling and Tempering, MANUFACTURERS OF TRON, AND IRON AND STEEL WIRE. | Of Every Description. Ansonia Refined Ingot Copper; Anchor Brand ; LAKE INGOT COPPER. —— 19 & 21 CHM Street, NEW ‘YORK. PHELPS, DODGE & CO., : A SPECIALTY MADE OF GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE, GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WIRE, PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TIES, ds. MANUFACTURERS OF IMPORTERS OF sanieeiite ing Goo oie PACTU PATENT STEEL BARB ore TIN PLATE, [296 Broadway, New York. —waTersury, | Sheet and Roll Brass, AND PUMP CHA? 125 Eddy St., Providence, R. 1. Conn. Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing ( Chicago, 107 and 109 Lake Street. ROOFING PLATE, Sheet Iron Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zinc, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. OLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. WAREHOvSES N¢w York, 16 Cliff and 241 Pearl Street. | Seamless and Brazed Tubing, J Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements, | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS. Particular attention paid to outing out Blanks and manufacturing Metal MANUFACTORY, WAREHOUSE, Bridgeport, Conn. | 19 Murray S8t., N. ¥. Holmes, Booth & Haydens, WATERBURY, CONN. POPE, COLE & Co. BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, SS US art hi | SS , **NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS.” Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York. And California Wire Works Co., San Fr: ancisco, Cal. Manufactory, Nos. 119% 1199, 120%, 1203, 1205, 1207, 1209 amd ratr De Kalb Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. HOWARD & MORSE, MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS, COPPER & IRON WIRE CLOTH, Heavy Rolled Ol Cloth & Re Malt Kiln Floors. Wire Work, Wire wonse, Railing SCOVILL MFC CO _—__-_<—__——_ BRASS, NEW YORK, BOSTON, Guards, Also, Hand and Railroad Lanterns HINGES WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. | Also Cakes, of unoqualed purity and toughness. | 95 park Place, 18 Federal St. Manufacturers of all kinds of Brass, Copper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. [4 ‘ , : —— , a BRASS & COP PER WIRE, oo Cone. Galvanized Wire Chair. Galvanized Wire Settee. Nursery Fender. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- DEPOTS FACTORIES, r and German Silver 419.442! Bone LW. YWatutry, Cam ne ilk atetaess ten Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. 63 Lake St. (hic ge Nw Yok | COPPER & BRASS RIVETS BRASS & IRON AND BURS. DICKERSON, Ma DUSEN SSS JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL, German Silver Spoons, No. 11 Square. tara reise com| BROWN & BROTHERS, |e tee aumens ene [SEES ae coms 81 Chambers St., N.Y. Waterbury, Conn, 1 : ae ee teas. | En JOHN DAVOL & SONS TRENTON IRON COMPANY (INCORPORATED 1847,) MAKERS ©. IRON AND STEEL = = : OF ALL GRADES. Bright, Annealed, Coppered, Tinned and Galvanized | ‘ron and Steel Wire Rods. Extra Qualities of Bar Iron and Rods. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wise; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Stee] Wir WIRE STRAIGHTENED AND cuT To LENGTHS, Agente for Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., Dealers in Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, 100 John Street, New York. PASSAIC ZING CO. MANUFACTURERS OF Pure Spelter FOR Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing, Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK, Also for GALVANIZERS AND BRASS FOUNDERS, MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, 111 LIBERTY ST. (2d Floor), NEW YORK. ~ ae mew Haven (BRASS, COPPER AND copPER co., | GERMAN SILVER SOLE MAKERS OF Im Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, POLISHED COPPER} 9 “"".2"™ Under Patent of T. James, Sept. 12, 1876, ALSO MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN ant 'ATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER USE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 Ibs. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. BRAZIERS & SHEATHING COPPER, "TADBGER rpg, Tuaaress eum Kettles, Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, &c. designs. n ric 290 Pearl Street - NEW YORK.| GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. WORKS AND OFFICE, TRENTON, NEW JERSEY. New York Orrice: esa eatteteinn OrF1 COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 17 Burling Slip. | JOHN HEWITT, Agent, a: North Fourth 8t. ESTABLISHED 1837 a a conan a. bt it Ak. TY IRE. = EY) 2 eae Geo. W, Premiss & Co.) GAMNU ern aaron MAN FAO.URSES OF WAREROOMEB : s7 LIBERTY STREET, NEW oe DBE. Works: Witte EsBaAaARNRE. BRODERICK & BASCOM ROPE C0., WIRE ROPE- BRODERICK& BASGOM ROPE Co. MANUFACTURERS OF IRON & STEEL WIRE ROPE. 728 N. Main St. St. Louis, Mo. A. LESCHEN | & SONS, WIRE ROPE 8 & 905 N. Main &t., ST. LOUIS, MO, Correspondence invited, ww. ss. BESTE YY , MANUFACTURER OF WIRE CLOTHS si 1 eh. gales, t aF d Ceal Iren and Stoel gt Locomotive zt gies e Bee Wier, Eppes and Lvoqedr a7 Base NO. 86 FULTON S&T., . : NEW YORK. Waterbury Mfg. Co., WATERBURY, CONN., Brass Goods IOWA BARB WIRE CO., Bright, Coppered, Annealed and Tin Plated. AlsoGUN SCREW WIRE Of all sizes straightened and cut to order. 98 READE STREET, New York. 89 LAKE STREET, Chicago. 7 Bright Wire Goods, Mill Wire G oods, Belt Hooks, Double-Pointed T, , acks and Staples. Wire wieture O Cord, Cle a * Line Wire, Hand Rail Ser rews, &c. , &c. Wires cut, bent, milled, “atrai ht eed — made toany desired shape. Orders solicited from the Trade for the full line of Screw yee, Se. frac - . as onan ie we mh ire Goods. Quality guaranteed the best in the market. aiar €s8 ma IOWA Tackle Stretcher, THE WIRE GOODS CO., Worcester, Mass. yarn, Manila Rope, "SOUIM | Buyoeg dwoy ee E. TENCKES MANFG. Cl C0., PAWTUCKET, R. I., Bright Wire Goods, Belt Hooks, SPRING PINS, KEYS AND COTTERS, Bent Wire Goods of all kinds a Specialty. New York Ofice, SS ¢ SS Chambers Street, SAMUEL A. HAINES, Selling Agent. = Tarred Lath THE WIRE COODS Co., Worcester, Mass. A W. PARMELEE, Pres't it i it BO ai ace ie i eal RAC A ey pane | for inc] TE Dt Doub! Wire WIRE P. F. November 13, 1884. THERE IRON AGE. 3 0: UNDEMMIN 2 C0] on eee ee Manutacturers or | 2 EEL WIRE for all purposes and STEEL SPRINGS of every description. Japanned, Brass, Tin Platec and Wood BIRD CAGES. Original inventors and patentees of s Kright Metal Cages, *constructed without solder. 254 Pearl 8t., NEW YORK. Gh Conductors’ —— - —— Revolving inch, ween Stand. Wronght-iron Fence, Chair. Punch, em FRED. J. MEYERS MFC C0., COVINGTON, Ky. Manufacturers of WIRE GOODS OF ALL KINDS, Wrought-iron Fencing, Cresting and Hardware Specialties, Send for Illustrated a Catalogue and Price List ‘ TEER ALA ALLE LLAARLL AE REEL LELLLLELLRLLLLLLLAE sad dl. a WOLD ILLELLLLLMLLLLLE ELA WEL EEELK ELLE RELALLLALAL EL ys ‘ — Ld a ma MU LLL LLnL VurMet Steel Wore, Crinvline Wire, tempered and covered Also Patent Tempered Steel Sapeery a —— on hand. | 234, 936 and 238 West 29th Street, NEW YORK, | *4nd and Grain Riddle. Ashes itt QT is 1D bikdsceedie' by VPA HHI Le, IRON AND BRASS RIVETS, Studs, Pins, Screws, &c., For Manufacturers of Light Hardware, BLAKE & JOHNSON, Waterbury, Conn. LUDLOW- SAYLOR WIRE CO, Tr. me MO. The illustrations shown below are sam- ples of a few of the styles of Horse Rake Teeth manufactured by the GAUTIER STEEL DEPARTMENT of the Cambria Iron Co. MANUFACTURER OF bux is STEEL WIRE CLOTH CCC a + t+} SPL ptet p44 ZZ Ne Layee HE | “ae “T } e Soe SS aR Hf for mining purposes, All meshes from 2 to the i tachi tb to rco-mesh made and carried in stock. = ® Z= 5 = Ne Vy CLEVELAND. OHIO. ( ; . Ta WIRE, WIRE CLOTH, WIRE ROPE, % ee ee “Miiiedias Counter Railings, Window Guards, Iron and Wire Fences, PLAIN AND BARBED FENCING WIRE. FOR PRICES ON ’ . —_ Every individual Tooth is rigidly in- spected and impartially tested by hand be- CORN POPPERS, SIEVES, fore leaving the works. They are used by Ww. re SUMNER, PRs. F. R, MINCKLER, 8xc’y. the largest builders of Rakes in this WIRE CLOTH, &c., country, and are pronounced superior to (0 ali others. Scrub, Shoe, Whitewash and Other Brushes. GAUTIER STEEL DEPARTMENT sPacwate, pressing ee of Cambria Iron Company, Brose, Sard "fe Coal Screens, Weather Vanes, stably Platures, Mou . Cresting, e 4on Fences, Lron Shutters, Counter Supports,dc ADDRESS 7 Johnstou nN, Pa. (arSend for Catalogue. iy" Mention this Paper, New York Office : Chicago Office: Philadelphia Office : THOMPSON McOOSH, President. JOHN A, McCOSH, Sec. and Treas. 7" 104 Reade St. St. 2 8 THE BROMWELL BRUSH e 100 Dearborn St 528 Arch St. BARB WIRE “carer. [No. 87.] & WIRE GOODS CO., CHARLES A, OTIS, President. SAM’L ANDREWS, Vice President. SAM’L A. SAGUE, General Manager. THOS. JOPLING, Treasurer. JOHN C. ANDREWS, Secretary. NO DANGER OF CUT CINCINNATI. THE AMERICAN TING HANDS OR TEAR N WIRE COMPANY, vo orn Established sSte. DRAWERS OF SAVES THE PRICE OF THE LIFTER MANY TIMES EVERY DAY. DEWITT WIRE CLOTH C0.(__ steer WV TR EL ottctterion TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE WIRE. Manufactured 87 Chambers St., 708 Market St., GALVANIZED, TINNED AND COPPERED WIRE. % | NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, WIRE STRAIGHTENED AND CUT TO LENCTHS. [raTenreD.] — : — Baccus ee ena WESTERN OFFICE - MANUFACTURERS Room 24, Autor Hous i CLEVELAND, OHIO. Room 24, Commercial Nat'l, Bank Hawkeye Steel Barb Fence Co., __%C. Palms Agent. EN. PATTERSON, Agent, — BURLINGTON, IOWA. Brass and Copper Wire, WIRE CLOTH of every description, The above cut represents Preston’s Patent Braided Cable Wire Fence Rail, manufactured by the HOLLOW CABLE MFG CO., Hornelisville, N. ¥. We also manufacture extensively four different sizes Wire Clothes Lines. Send for Circulars and Price Lists. Chamberlain & Miller, Western Agents, 89 Lake St. Lake St, +» Chicago, II Chicago, I KELLY STEEL BARB WIRE. Double Selvage, Painted Wire Window Cloth, MOLDERS’ TOOLS, FOUNDRY FACING, ° MOLDING SAND, Ge, FOUNDRY SUPPLIES, hem & J. A. EMERICK & CO., 1056 to 1076 Beach St., PHILADELPHIA, ESTABLISHED 18 INCORPORATED 1874. PATENT OFFICE. |THE GILBERT & BENNETT MFG. an 42 Cliff Street, NEW YORK. Manufacturers of lron & Galvanized Wire Sleves and Wire Cloth. Power Loom Painted and Gal Yanized Window Screen, Wire Cloth, Galvanized Wire Cloth for Drying Fruits, World’s Galvanized Web Wire Fence, Galvanized Twist Wire Poultry Netting. Factories, Georgetown, Conn, 4 WIRE NETTING FOR FENCING, POULTRY YARDS, &c., Wire Rope for Mines, Elevators, Cables and Transmission of Power, WIRE CORDS FOR PICTURES WINDOW SASHES, &¢., &e. Barbs 3 inches apart stand in all directions, WIELDING STEEL BARB, ACTING LIKE A NATURAL THOKN. Lightest Weight per Rod. Painted and Galvanized. Only one Agent in eachtown. Address THORN WIRD HEDGE CO.;, CHICAGO, ILL. ee ROOEF CRESTING, lron Fence, Railings, Stable Fittings, BUILDERS’ SPECIALTIES, &e. J. E. BOLILES c& CO., DETROIT, MICH., U.S. A. Send for Catalogue. Mention this Paper. ——— F. V. BRIESEN, 82 and 84 Nassau Street, NEW YORK. AMERICAN AND FOREIGN PATEN T ud Solicited ey and at the lowest rates. ‘of any other kind, but we will sell this pattern of Composite Wrought tron Railin at the rate of $1.50 per lineal foot 3 ft. high Chilled Iron Ornaments are poured 09 to the bavolll 4 Iron Rods welding the panel into one piece without joints or crevices tor rustto enter. It is made to set n stone or to go into ground. posite Iron Works Co 83 Reade 8t. N.Y WILLIAM MANN, JR.,& C0. LEWISTOWN, PA., ESTABLISHED 1848... INCORPORATED 1870. es ee tom |WM CABBLE EXCELSIOR WIRE MFG. CO, 43 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK, | AXES, BROAD AXES; brass, Copper and Iron Wire Cloth, Adzes, Broad Hatchets, AND BRASS AND COPPER WIRE, SPANISH AXFS AND TOOLS. Coal and Sand Screens, Riddles, &c. “WICKWIRE BROTHERS, ontuno, x.y. MANUFACTURERS OF WIRE CLOTH and WIRE GOODS, i ‘ Dish Covers, CORTLAND Corn Poppers, WiNoOW SCREE Coal Sieves, WIRE CLOTH. Flour Sieves, Etc,, Etc, Metallic Stove Sieve. ~ Sarre a ‘re ta ‘a= tei v tark) a /~, 2 Oe se ees or SA ~ et te 7 Se LAL * / 7: OGDEN & WALLACE, | Marshall Lefferts & Co.. 85,87, 89 & 91 Elm St., New York. 80 Beekman St., New York City, MANUFACTURERS OF lron =» Steel galvanized Sheet Iron, Of every description kept in stock. Agents for Park, Brother & Co.'s Best Bloom, Best Refined and Common. Galvanized Wire, Telegraph and Fence ; Galvanized et he y + Hoop and Band Iron. Gulvanized Roi and Bar Iron B LA C IK DI A MON D STEEL. ors anized Nails, Gaivanize od Chain, Galvanized Iron All sizes of om and Machinery Steel con- cay on hand. CORRUGATED SHEET IRON For Roofing, &c;, Galvanized, Plain or Painted. PIERS ON A, “see '§) SHEET IRON. Engineer ‘4 Contractor, PITTSBURGH, PA. Agent for the WHITWELL HOT BLAST STOVES OVER 600 IN USE. IRON AND NAIL CO., Cut Nails AND OE ams. Rod, J. 8S. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81,83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK, PATENT Planished Sheet Lron. | «:s:Smmsaste cine tre mem me o Patented March r4th 86« : 1 . Sonker ch mag "60. "Pa. ESTABLISHED 1790 > an ; NT JOHN Ww UINCY & CO rath, 1865 ; April 8th, 1873 ; Crane Iro ’ I LATE AND TAN K I RON, . Pr Sept. oth, 1873 ; Oct. 6th, 1874 ; Jan. 11, 1876. ceppezeam ec ae oleman, Lebanon Guaranteed fully equalinall respects tothe| Chester Rolling Mill Co., Pa. Davenport, Fa ae & Co., Pa. IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, | fiestas Fo and at a much less price. 98 William S8t., New York, Anthracite, Charcoal, Scotch and English Pig Iron. H. No. 1, C. H. No.1 Flange, Best Flange, 24 to 27 West St., cor. Morris, | nest Wange Fire Box, Circies. ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW YORK CITY. IRON WORK GALVANIZED OR TINNED TO ORDER. Pa. na Iron Wonka t Oh Milton Coal and | tron oi 0. Ohio io. FOR SALE Winona Furnac i i tations sent upon application. rie ie ee ee pet i la ke eso Cut Nails, Ingot iC Copper, a Lead, and ¥ ona § a ce 0. C et enera nee 08s arsha’ 9 ——_—_—_————— By all the principal a. Campbell & Sons. Ohio, Hocking Valley [ron Co., Ohio. M E TA . D fe A L E R S Cleveland fo! Rol ing Mill Go. Obie h Chi Stoel Il In the Large Cities throughout Uaion chicago Stee et Co I th Means & Culbert: THE UN . rTATESC Ashland Furaace Co 5 1E UNITED STATES, Ashland Furaace Co., Ky. And at their Office Southern States C.. Land S$ Co., Tenn ¥ Sewanee Furnace Co 111 Water Street, Pittsburgh, Pa.| onio tron Oo. acai _ Sloss ‘Furnace Co. _ Ala ULsTER IRON. FOX & DRUMMOND, All Sizes and Shapes Kept in Stocks| paijway AND ROLLING MILL MATERIAL, rT 68 Wall Street, NEW YORE. ees —_ | Wrought tron; aiso ol ola Copper, Composition, Brass, JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., | ceca! Pewter! Zinc. faa ETS, mI an. | BURDENS “ALR. M.CO.” SHAFTING. - HORSE SHOES. HARRISON&GILLOON IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 558, 560, 562 WATEK ST. & 3¢2, 34, 306 CHERRY BT., NEW YORK, have on hand, and offer for sale. the following : Sco’ teh and American Pig Iron, Wrought, Cast and SYRACUSE MALLEABLE/WHFFLING NAILS. IRON WORKS, Laughlin Nail Co., syracuse, N.¥. |W. K. ROSS, recep ae Fo geigare yn be No. 63 Wall St., New York. “ NORWAY,” * ULSTER,” " CATASAUQUA,” REFINED AND COMMON IRON, Utster Iron Works, Mower and Reaper Castings SOLE ACENT, “Burden Best” Iron Specialty. Manhattan Rolling Mill. cti—_—iitieee| |. LEONARD, PENNSYLVANIA IRON WORKS | 445 to 451 West St., NEW YORK 177 & 179 Bank St., BAND, HOOP AND SCROLL IRON. STBEL OF ALL KINDS. 90 Broadway, NEW YORK. and Carriage trons a 97 Chambers Street, New York. TELEPHONE CALL, “ NASSAUD, 379.” A. R. WHITNEY & C0, Tucxenwan, Muruican & Co. MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS lronand Steel DANIEL, F. COONEY, AGENCIES: BOILER. PLATES SAND “SHEET IRON, ; ‘ E ' PORTAGE TRON CO., Limited, Merchant Ironand| | LAP-WELDED BOILER PLUEs, Boiler Rivets. verson, Brown & Co. ’ MANUFACTURER OF NORW AY STEEL & IRON CO., Homogeneous ret atom on Jos L. Bailey & Co. SECOND AVE., PitrspuRGH, PA..;, HORSE SHOE IRO N, Steel Plates Pine [ron Works, Lebanon Rolling Mills, ones MANUFACTURERS OF BAY STATE IRON CO., Tank, Boiler and Girder Pipe and braved, 8 Co: _Ateny & hens. Iron an € F Toe Calk Steel, Rods, Ovals, Half Ovals and Flats. Boil da Fi x Places. . ° eserrun ue ti Beem |S Light Sheet Irom. | KEYSTONE ROLLING MILL, Limited M. BYERS & CO., Wrought Iron Pipe. ©. W. Leavirr. aoe > Oeapne. ROOFIN . CARNEULE DROS. & CO” Limited, iron and 161 BROA DWAY, G SHEET Manufacturers of H. preel Hearts gical Wi Shapes and Bhafting. C.W. LEAVITT &C +» EW TORE. of all grades a specialty. 6 THE CHESTER PIPE AND TUBE CO. NEW AND SECOND- HAND "| Prices quoted promptly upon application, ¥ rR, <> TT _ Elan, and exinaien curnited and contracts RAILS, LOCOMOTIVES AND CARS. carey coe > PIG AND BAR IRON, OLD RAILS AND SCRAP IRON. TROY, N. Y. CORPUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON ROOFING & SIDING, Pittsburgh, Pa eae % . tion. Books containing cuts of all iron made sent on api — roy Ag mail, Sample pieces at office. ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILLS, dso WOOD HEMP CAR WHEEL co., a | Somes: PARDEE CAR & MACHINE WORKS. BORDEN & LUVELL, B. F. JUDSON, Importer of and Dealer in Commission Merchants, SCOTCH AND AMERICAN 70 & 71 West St., Pigs Iron, & A: GREERE, xe — NEW YORK. Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, Agents for the sale of OLD METALS. Fall River lron Co.’s Nalis, Bands, Hoops & Rods, 457 & 450 wacer St"t = NEW YORK. AND Bonnell, Botsford & Co.. IRON, NAILS AND SPIKES | ne Meanee AnD 5 YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, Jr, Prest. JOHN CALDWELL, Treas. T. W. WELSH, Supt. H. H. WESTINGHOUSE, Gen’l Agt. W. W. CARD, Secy. TE BE — Westinghouse Air-Brake Co. PITTSBURGH, PA., U. S. A., MANUFACTURERS OF THE WESTINGHOUSE AUTOMATIC BRAKE, Westinghouse Locomotive Driver Brake, Vacuum Brakes (Westinghouse & Smith Patents). WESTINGHOUSE FREIGHT BRAKE. The Automatic Freight Brake is essentially the same apparatus as the Automatic B poe cars, except that the various parts are so combined as to form practically one piece of echanism, and a - a very low price. The saving in accidents, flat wheels, brakemen’s wages, and Cae avaesed agen d possible with perfect safety, Sill repay the cost of its application within j The “* Automatic "’ has proved itself to be the must efficient Train and Safety Brake known. Its coussaties 5 anno it a be 0 epecetes — ws iy. in Uy ee ‘ s sired, and should the raip hose or , it applies automat A ARANTEE is against loss oss from PATENT BUITS ¢ on the apparatus sold the elven — The WESTINGHOUSE BRAKE is now fitted to upward of 15,000 ENGINES AND 80,000 CARs, and is adopted by the o peal penwage & in all aos of the world. EGLESTON BROS. & CO. 166 South St $86 South Streets | NEW YORK CITY. BURDEN’S H. B. & S. ULSTER BAR IRON. All sizes and shapes in sfock. Also Best Grades of Am. & Eng. Ref'd lron,Common Iron,&c WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., Iron Buildings, Roofs, Shutters, Desss, Skylights, Bridges, & Coptees MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO., PHIPPS & BURMAN’S Borden Mining Company’s WORSE CLIPPERS Cumberland Coals. IN STOCK. VOUGHT & WILLIAMS, JOHN BROWER, |LRON MERCHANTS Cor, Albany & Washington Sts., NEW YORK OITY. Wa. H. WaLuace. Wa. Bispnam. E. C. WALLAce. mag ny, TIRE AND 81 Murray St., New York. AGENTS FOR HELLER BROS. BOXWOOD RULES Clay Crucible Cast Steel.| And Miscellane us Measures 288 GREEN VICH Srreetr, NEW YORK. IN FULL STOCK AT BOTTOM PRICES. IMPORTED & AMERICAN|\ WM. H. BELCHER, MANUFACTURER AND IMPORTER, IR 89 Chambers Street, NEW YORK. * CATALOGUES READY. LAKE SUPERIOR CHARCOAL IRON, |, WM. McFARLAND, For Malleable and Car-Wheel Purposes, iron and Brass Founder, BOLT & RIVET aoa For cutting off the ends of Bolts and on ns, harness, etc. Ask ae _ FULL INFORMATION FURNISHED ON APPLICATION, A SPECIALTY. TRENTON, N. J. where you buy your hardware, or send LEECH BURG IRON WO ’ R = CHARLES HIMROD & CO.,/ Chilled Cast Wire Dies a Specialty. PT {ata BROTHER & CO., diesen Purina be | KS CHICAGO AND DETRON. Any sise or style made at short notice, 523d St., below Lancaster Ave., Manufacture of all Graaes of LIMITE D, FINE SHEET IRONS, (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, &c.) NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OFFICE, No, 143 First Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. ae Leerchburg, Pa, CHAMPION BROWN’'S HOG RINCER HOC AND Pic oma = WOLDS, RINGER ana RINGS. e as owe Only singl invented. The only the marke’ thane on the outside of the nose. No anare potate Philadeiphia, Pa. ——___—_ PASSAIC ROLLING MILL CO., Manufacture and have always in stock — ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Ohannels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forgings, Bye Bars, #0, PATERSON, N. J. » Roem 45, Astor House, New York. aly een s from So the baat Husker aie © sharp market. Farmers & it im the nose to Kee it points in the nose. is the vest, Use Boot . Ringers, 7sc. ings, soc. 100. Holders, 7sc. Huskers, «sc. CHAMBERS, BERING & QUINLAN, Exclusive Manufacturers, Decatur, Ill. Jous J. SPOWERS, President. ALEXANDER BURNS, Manager. THE JERSEY CITY GALVANIZING Co., GALVANIZED MATERIAL OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. GALVANIZING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. Galvanized Sheet Iron—Best Bloom, Sen, Botnet, Commen Galvanized Round, Square Band and Hoop Iron, &c., &e. CUT NAILS. Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. DOVER IRON CO’S RD. WOOD & 00. PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of Cast Iron Pipe R FOR WATER AND @$AS, al BOLE: RIVETS, LAMP POSTS, VALVES, ETC. ae Boiler Brace Jaws, Socket Bolts, &c. opr ne Pe aye ipeteleeh ie io of Sheets. FULLER BROTHERS & CoO., 139 Greenwich Street, New York. Cossugated Gheet tren 0 Specialty, Gaiveniosé. Bock ané Painted. Irom Oorrugated for the Trade. WORKS GREEN AND BAY STREETS, JERSEY CITY, N. 4. OFFICE AND WAGEHOUSE, 98 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK, THE IRON AGE. | November 18, 1884, OX FORD. 0. woo & co., va,/sames.r,withenow, Sache sida cis agit aad aii Works ai HOF) or ipt. . for of es, hin Its the rs Pa. ic S. zy in 8 the inte p it and RK, E # y ¢ PLANS et 5th November 13, 1854. WILLIAM R. HART & CO., AMERICAN AND FOREIGN PIG IRON, SPIEGELEISEN, Steel Blooms, Crop Ends, Tin Plates, &c. No. 224 South Third St, PHILADELPHIA. H ADDRESS: Cambria Iron Co,, Office, 218 South Fourth St., Philadelphia, Pa. THE PHCENIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, and built up shapes fo Iron Bridges. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and covery variety of SHAPE IROR made to order. DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty Street. BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymareh St. ~ ALAN WOOD & CO., | MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charceal Bloom PLATE « SHEET IRON, ALSO LIGHT PLATES AND SHEETS OF STEEL, No. 519 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. , licited jally for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, et Tank and Boat Iroa ; Last, Stamping, Ferrule, Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Iron, WwW. H.WALBAUM & CO., 61 Pine St., New York, BESSEMER PIC, Plans and Specifications furnished. Address 206 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia. NEW AND CLD RAILS, BLOOMS, Crop Ends, Spiegeleisen, Iron Ores and Railroad Supplies Generally. AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES THE NORTH LONSDADE IRON & STEEL CO., Limited, Bessemer Pig Iron, brand “Ulverston ;” Malleable Iron, brand * U. H M. MOSS BAY HEMATITE IRON & STEEL CO., Limited, Spiegeleisen, Crop Ends, &c. | ites for" Lorn” Malleable Charcoal! Pig Iron and N. B. ALLEN & CO.'S Dinas Fire Bricks. Also Sole nts for the WHITE RIVER MINING CO’S. Arkansas Manganese Ore, Guaranteed 50 per cent. Metallic Manganese. ET i Iron. PENCOYD IRON WORKS. A.céc PP. ROBERTS c& CO., MANUFACTURERS OF BEAMS, CHANNELS, DECK BEAMS, ANGLES, TEES, PLATES, MERCHANT BAR. eS | OANA 8 ee — SHAFTING AND ROLLED OR HAMMERED AXLES OF IRON OR STEEL. Office, No, 26 8. Fourth St., Philadelphia. J. WW. RPASSON ce CO., DEALERS IN RAOUL DING SAND, 1021 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA, PA., MANUFACTURERS K MINERAL, CHAROOAL FACING, XX MINERAL, ANTHRACITE {XL FACING, SOAPSTONE, General Office, 237 South Third St., Philadelphia. Works at MILNES, PAGE Co., VA. HENRY LEVIS & CO., Manufacturers’ Agents For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and Sheet Iron and General Railway eels bought and sold. 934 8. 4th St., Philadcipata. Light Rails, Railway F'astenings, STREET RAILS. Old Ralls, Axles, and eavy Rails, Johnstown, Pennsylvania. JAS. ROWLAND & 60, Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, 920 North Delaware Ave., Manufacturers of the ANVIL BRAND REFINED MERCHANT BAR IRON. Nails, cut from - PHILADELPHIA, Also, the James Rowland & Co. Kensington their Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel; Skelp Iron a specialty; also Rounds, Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. LEAD FACING, RIPDLES, SHOVELS, STEEL BRUSHES, THE ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILLS, ufacturers of Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. Works at Allentown, Pa. SHENANDOAH IRON, LUMBER, MINING & MFG. CO., MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERIOR CORE PIG IRON FROM NEUTRAL HEMATITE ORES. CHARCOAL PIG IRON AND BLOOMS FROM SAME O fitted with all the apparatus Treasurer's Office, 132 WALNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, Slags, Limestones, Coals, C Fire Sand HOFFMAN, PARRY & CO., Sales Agents, 208 South 4th St,, Philadelphia. Baltimore conten THE IRON AGE. Hdward J. Htting, | TRON BROKER anp COMMISSION MERCHANT, 2232 S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pig, Bar and Rallroad tron. OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &o. Agent for the MOUNT SAVAGE FIRE BRICK, The Allentown Iron Co, and the Greenwood Rolling Mill. Deswsnn 1Aae Wainer AND YARD ABOVE CALLOW STREET connected by track with railroad,” F Cask advances made en Iren. Jas. G, Linpsay. THos. S. PARVIN. LINDSAY, PARVIN & CO., Successors to Ltoyp & Lunpsay, 328 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. Iron Ship and Bridge Builders’ Materi 3 i L I ‘rials, Stee! and Iron Shapes and Bars, Sheet Iron, Sheet Steel, Pig Iron, Muck Bars, Plate Girders for Bridges and Buildings. Contracts placed for Iron Structures. ey Ethelbert Watts. Jos. C. Poulterer. ETHELBERT WATTS & co., Iron Brokers and Commission M erchants, Offices, Ho. 220 S80. Third Street, Phila. BALES ? CORNWALL ORE BANK CO. © x IRO , ELL IRON OG’. ¢ N ORES. VESTA wORNACE, Po eee PI TTA FURNAC @ IRON. Mussns. EVERETT & POST.) Chicago and St. Louls, { PIG LEAD & SPELTER. Cerrespendence Solicited. senenaesesinspseinstsinenennssensncsincsesaeemaeieeneeeeses L. & R. WISTER & CO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 230 So. 4th 8t., Philadelphia. a AGENTS emble and Norway Foun:'ry and Forge Pig I Wyebrooke C. B. C Q I an Rea Shon is enna Pig Iron. Buchanan DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF SCRAP IRON, ee MORRIS, WHEELER & co., IRON, STEEL & NAILS. WAREHOUSE and OFFICES, | SALES OFFICES 16th & Market Sts., 400 Chestnut St., PHILA., PA. PHILA., PA. New Work Address, 14 CLIFF 8T. REUBEN HAINES, OoOBnEMIsT, 738 Sansom St., Philadelphia. Analysis of Ores of Iron and other Metals, Pig Iron and Steel. Assay of Gold and Silver Ores. Water Analysis for Manuf’ing and Household Use. TAYLOR--LANGDON GAS-ROASTED BESSEMER ORE, Specially adapted to Soft Foundry or Hiche Grades of Mill Iron. . — J. WESLEY PULLMAN, 407 Walout St., PHILADELPHIA. NORTH BROTHERS, lron Founders, LIGHT CASTINGS A SPECIALTY. N. W. Cor. 23d and Race Streets, PHILADELPHIA, Correspondence solicited. TESTED JUSTICE COX, Jr. CHARLES K. BARNS. JUSTICE COX, JR., & CO., AGENTS FOR CHICKIES, CONEWAGO, MONTGOMERY ANI SHENANDOAH Foundry & Forge Pig Iron. CARBON ROLLING MILL CO., Limited, Best Quality Muck Bar. CATASAUQUA MFG, CO.’S Bar, Angie, Skeip and Sheet Iron. Shenandoah (Va.) Best Charcoal Blooms, No. 924 So. Fourth 8t., PHILADELPHIA, JEROME KEELEY & CO., 906 Walnut Place, Philadelphia. SELLING AGENTS FOR CHARCOAL and ANTHRACITE BLOOMS, PIG BARK IRON, SHEET IRON, STEEL and IRON RAILS, IRON CLAD 8TEEL RAILS and BARS, MAGNETIC and HEMATITE IRON ORES. FIRE BRICK, COAL es —— 3 Nee an ae ae Old Iron and Steel . 0 c. Examin of Iron and Coal properties. a ao E. H. Wilson. A. Kaiser. J. B. M. Hirons, E. H. WILSON & CO., 2330 South Third Street, Philadelphia. BROKERS AND DEALERS IN IRON AND STEEL. Correspondence solicited, J. W. HOFFMAN & CO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 308 Seuth Fourth St., Philadelphia, SELLING AGENTS, PINE IRON WORKS, Pine Brand Plates; GLASGO IRON CO., Plates and Muck Bars; SPRANG STERL, & IRON co, (Limited), Siemens-Martin (O; en-Hearth Seek, - niversal and Sheared Plates, Angles an Shapes. JNO. L. HOGAN, RICH'D M. ELLIOT. HOGAN & ELLIOT, 411 & 413 WALNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, IRON AND ORES, Old Rails, Wrought and Cast Scrap, Iron and Steel Blooms and Billets. AGENTS For: Brier Hill Iron and Coal Co., Pig Iron Low Moor Iron Co., of Virginia, Pig Tron. Mount Hope Special Strength Charcoal Pig Iron. Youngstown Steel Co. Washed Metal, for Open Hearth and Crucivle purposes. Connvllsville Coke. Low Phosphorus Bessemer Pig Iron a Specialty. ANDOVER PIG IRON, s FOR BEST MILL PRODUCTA No further orders taken for Grey Mottled Iron. Andover Chill Iron for Uarwhecis, Bo. Each pig marked exact chill depth i inch), A. Whitney & Son’s Standced — % F. A. Comy, Treas. J. WESLEY PULLMAS, ent 407 Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA. a J. J. MOHR, Sole Agent for Sheridan, Leesport, Temple, Lynchburg, Millcreek and Mt. Laurel FOUNDRY & FORGE PIG IRON, CHARCOAL PIC IRON. 430 Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA, PA. CHAINS, BRADLEE & CO., EMPIRE CHAIN WORKS, $16 Richmond 8t., ~ - - - PHILADELPHIA. Chains for Foundry Cranes and Slings. “‘D. B. C.”’ Special Crane Chain. Steel and Iron Dredging, Slope and Mining Chains. Ship’s Cables and Marine Railway Chains. CUMBERLAND NAIL AND IRON CO, MANUFACTURERS OF “Cumberland” Nails and Wrought Iron Pipe, 43 North Water Street and 44 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA. J. TATNALL LEA & CO., Successors to CABEEN & OO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, No. 400 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. BESSEMER, MILL AND FOUNDRY PIG IRON, 8KELP IRON, MUCK AND SCRAP BARS NATIVE AND FOREIGN ORES. AGENTS FOR CONNELLSVILLE COKE. Rods, &c. LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR-WHEEL TIRES Manufactured from the celebrated OTIS STEEL BRAND ¢ STANDARD Quality and ene fully guaranteed. Prices as low as any of the same qualit Light Forgings, Driving and Car Axles, Crank Pins, Piston y. We manufacture Heavy and THE STANDARD STEEL WORKS, Works at LEWISTOWN, PA. - 220 8. 4th St., Philadeiphia, Pa. BOOTH, CARRETT & BLAIR, ANALYTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMISTS, 919 and 921 Chant St. 10th St. above Chestnut St.), Philadelphia, Pa. Betablished in 1836, Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys of al) kinds. A special department for the Price lists on nes. [ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, and appliances for the rapid and aecurate analysis of Lron, oval, Lron &c. Agente tor sampling cores in New York and Utilization of Slack. A somewhat novel mode of using slack is described by Mr. Herbert Strickland in a letter published in a recent issue of the Lon don Mining Journal. The method in question was applied to a reverberatory furnace working at the time in the concentration of pyrites to rich mattes. The furnace has a fireplace of the ‘‘ step-grate”’ pattern, At the back of this grate there are three cast iron semi-cylindrical retorts or coking tubes, supported on the back of the fireplace, and on an end wall further back. These tubes are open at both ends, but during working they are closed by doors at the back or charging ends. Below them is a honey comb of brickwork to serve as an accumu lator and regulator of heat. In working the furnace the black or smal! coal is fed into these retorts, and is worked forward at such a rate that it is coked in traversing the length of the retort, where it falls vver on to the step-grate and is burnt in the usual manner. Thegases from the coking issue at once into the fireplace, and are burnt to great advantage. The coking in the retorts is effected by the waste heat from the furnace itself, which is drawn back along a flue under the furnace hearth, and passes up through the honeycomb under the retorts, finally passing away to the slack by means of a flue on top of the furnace, this flue being used as a means for drying ores before smelt ing. The accounts given of the working of this furnace were very favorable, great sav ing of fuel being claimed for it. Lines of Strain in Steel. An account of some interesting experi- ments made by M. D. Chernoff appeared as a translation from the Russian in the ‘‘ For- eign Abstracts” of the British Institution of Civil Engineers. The author stated that seven or eight years ago he had noticed, in cold-sheared samples of steel subjected to a destructive tensile strain, that when the limits of elasticity w