The Iron Age 1884-10-09: Vol 34 Iss 15

) IVES AND S. yte the other list ocog 50 ge. ra 1 i 4 ee cea INDEX TO READING MATTER PAGE 34 A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. ‘The Iron Age INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENT PAGE Published every Thursday Morning by Davip Wriiuiams, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. Vol. XXXIV: No. A New Form of Spring for Electric and Other Measuring Instruments. In steam and gas engine indicators the pressure of the fluid on a piston produces a slight shortening of a spiral spring, which is magnified by a lever, and so the pressure of the steam or gas is recorded. In what are usually known as spring balances there is also occasionally a magnification of the elon- gation of a spiral spring affected by the use of a rack and pinion. Such magnifying arrangements, however, not only introduce inaccuracy by the bad fittings of hinges or by wear, but they increase the cost of measuring instruments and their liability to get out of order. As an example of the difficulty of using the wheel and pinion for the magnification of an angular motion produced by a small force, Profs. W. E. Ayr- ton and John Perry, in a paper recently read before the British Royal Society, mentioned the fact that although they used this plan for a year or more in their electric measuring instru- ments, and although the wheels and pinions were made by a good watchmaker, still the fric- tion involved in such a plan induced them to abandon it in favor of a new arrangement described below. The telescopic method employed by Weber, and the spot-of-light method due to Sir W. Thomson, for magnifying the effect of an angular motion are, of course, unequaled for stationary meas- uring instruments, but for in- struments which must be car- ried about and used quickly, without the necessity of adjust- ment, these most ingenious re- flecting methods are quite un- suitable. Ht With an ordinary qgttadrie spring having a angle between the osculating plane and a plane perpendicular to the axis, as is the case with all spiral springs such as are in practical use, it is well known that but very little rotation is produced between its ends by the somuetcn of _ axial : force. , Consequently, with such springs it is only possible to obtain magnification by the em- ployment of a system of levers, or of a rack can pinion, It occurred to the authors, therefore, to consider whether it would not be possible to make a spiral spring of such a nature that for a comparatively small axial motion of its ends there should be considera- ble rotation of one end relatively to the other, and by the employment of which all levers, racks and pinions could be dispensed with, so that no error could be introduced by wear and tear or by want of fitting of joints, and, further, so that the temperature correc- tion should be merely one affecting the rigidity of the material used as a spring, and not a correction such as had to be ap- plied in consequence of the contractions and expansions of -the various parts of an ordi- nary magnifying apparatus. The theory of the strength and stiffness of the ordinary cylindric spiral spring of small angle was given for the first time in 1848 by Prof. James Thomson, and Professors Ayrton and — ee this method in investigating the laws governing the behav- ior of spiral springs generally. They found that if the centers of all cross-sections of the wire or strip forming the spring lie on a right circular cylinder of radius r; if the spiral have everywhere an inclination, a, to the plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, and if a force, F, act at one end of the spring along the axis, the other end of the spring being fixed; if Bis the flexural rigidity of the wire in the ing plane, and if Ais the torsional ay about the spiral line at any place: if the angular mo- tion, ina horisontal , of the free end of the spring relatively to the fixed end to be called CLM it the emis) inarenns. of length be called d, and the whole length of the spring along the spiral /, then @ =1F rsina cosa (-- — ae posse pe. Fig. 1 cos*a , sin’a A B > Assuming for the general investigation that the cross-section of the wire is elliptic, is is found that the rotation of the free end of a spring, like Fig. 5 or Fig. 6, is greater the greater the inequality in the principal diameters of the elliptic section. calling a (he apptcndion ef eu ckial pil ng on of an Fig. © shows @ spring made of the same material, but the wire has been passed through rolls, so as to flatten it in the oppo- site way, and now a rotation tending to coil it up is found to be produced by the applica- tion of an axial pull. The twisting torque to which the spring is subjected is F r cos a, and the bending torqueto Frsina. But the twist must be multiplied by sin a, and the bend by cos a when we project these motions on a hori- zontal plane. So far, then, as the total rota- tion in a horizontal plane of the free end of the spring relatively to the fixed end is con- | ar .' ace. d =IFr( cerned, it may be regarded as being pro- duced by equal twisting and bending torques, each of them equal to F'r sin a cos 4 ; and the total rotation of the free end of the | spring relatively to the fixed end, which is the special feature of the springs considered, | is proportional to the difference between the | two angular rotations produced in the wire | by these equal bending and twisting torques. |The twist alone would cause an increase in | the number of coils—that is, a rotation in the direction of coiling which is the positive | direction—while the bending, or rather the | unbending, alone would cause a negative LY I ci. = Hh ll HH} I i AI | ; ee | ae i ie i ee ee .— Application of Spring in Electric Measuring Instrument. When both occur to- gether in the actual spiral spring subjected to an axial force, the total rotation is positive or negative, according as the angular twist or the angular bend is the greater. Hence the flex- ura and torsional rigid- ities of the wire alone determine whether the rotation is positive or negative. It is well known, for example, that, when a wire of circular section is subjected to equal twist- ing and bending torques, the twist is greater than the bending for almost all substances—that is, substances in which the ratio of the modulus of rigidity to Young’s mod- ulus is between one- third and one-half. Hence we may expect that in a spring made of round wire, and with the spires making an angle of 45° with a plane perpendicular to theaxis, the total rotation will be positive for an axial force applied so as to lengthen the spring. And ex- periment shows that this is the case. . If the wire be flattened and bent so that the flat side of the strip touches the cylinder on which the wire is coiled, as shown in Fig. 5, then the ar- rangement is such that the bending is greater than the twist. Hence an axial force applied so as to lengthen this spring causes a negative rota- tion, whereas if the strip be coiled as in Fig. 6, so that the edge of the strip lies against the cylinder il, | A NEW to determine the dimensions of the spring | which would give the largest amount of ro- | tation with the minimum amount of stress in | the material. Having made their calcula- tion of the greatest amount of stress, the general conclusions arrived at are that in order, with a given axial force, to obtain a |large amount of turning of the free end of |the spring, combined with small maximum | total stress in the material, and not too much New York, Thursday, October 9, 1884 > F & J Lv where / is the greatest stress in the material, » the thickness of the strip, N the modulus of rigidity, and EH Young’s modulus for the material. The authors show how theic springs may be used to determine directly the ratio of $2.50 a Year, Including Postage. Stngle Coptes, Ten Cents. | manent set in the direction in which we wish it to be afterward strained in ordinary work- | ing. , In spite of the fact that Prof. J. Thomson, |}in the Cambridge and Dublin Mathematical | Journal, November, 1848, explained the im- portance of initial strains in materials, the reason is not yet sufficiently well understood | why, when a round bar has been well twisted | beyond the limit of permanent set in a cer- | axial motion of the free end of the spring, | the modulus of rigidity of a material to its | tain direction, it has twice as much elastic | the strip of elliptic section should be as long | Young’s modulus, and they conclude their | strength to resist torsion in this direction as | and as thin as possible, should be wound in | paper by describing some practical applica- | in the opposite direction. Now, in the very ; ngs a spiral such that the osculating plane makes | tions of their springs which they have al- ’ of teeth, an inaccuracy which is aggravated | rotation, or one tending to uncoil the spring. | an angle of 40° to 45° with a plane perpen-| ready made in measuring instruments, i Tee ee) Figs. 3 and 4.— Weighing Machinery with New Form of Spring. FORM OF SPRING FOR MEASURING INSTRUMENTS. ST TT EE a ve { i i | YZ 7 7, RANE Fig. 2.—Shielded Measuring Instrument. Thus, by the employment of springs such as those described, they have suc- ceeded in making am- meters and volmeters, or currents and differences of potential, in which the pointer moves over in some cases as much as 270° of the scale, instead that can be obtained with ordinary galvanometers. One form of the instru- ment is shown in Fig. 1, where A A isa thin, hol low tube of charcoal iron attached at its lower end toa brass piece, G, guided . at the bottom in the way shown. ToG is attached the lower end of aspring made in the way de- scribed, of silver or hard phosphor-bronze, the up- instrument, which itself is fastened rigiily to the framework of the instru- ment. The rod attached to the glass, and to which the upper end of the spring is attached, also serves as a guide to the top of the iron tube. In the space F F a solenoid wire or strip is wound, its ends being attached to the terminals shown. Hence, when a current is passed through the wire, the iron tube is sucked into the solenoid, and its lower end G, to which the spring is at- tached, receives a large communicated directly to the pointer attached to the top of the iron tube. ings of the pointer is avoided by the horizon- tal scale ceiaw on look- ing-glass in the well- known way. By making the iron tube A A very thin, so that it is magnetically saturated for a compara- tively weak current, by on which it is coiled, an axial force similarly | dicular to the axis of the spiral, and so| fixing it so that it projects into the solenoid applied will now cause a positive rotation. It|that the smaller diameter of the elliptic a fixed distance which has been carefully de- is almost certain that for any strip of | section is at right angles to the axis of the | termined by experiment, and by constructing material the positive value of @ obtained | with the latter form of spring is likely to be | greater than the corresponding negative value with the former kind ; but the difficulty of manufacturing the second form of spring | compelled the authors to confine their at- tention to the former type. Having constructed some very delicate springs of the first kind, one of the first difficulties which the authors met with arose from the liability of such springs to acquire a permanent set, so that it became necessary spiral, In the springs employed by the authors’ in | measuring instruments the edges of the strip nearly touch one another in consecutive coils, so that the strip forms almost a con- tinuous cylindric surface, the angle of the spiral being 45°, the cross-section of the strip being rectangular, and they find the follow- | ing laws: | (a “) | Y\GN & the spring in conformity with the conditions worked out in this paper, so as to obtain a large rotation with minimum stress, and with not too much axial motion of the free end of the spring, they have succeeded in obtaining deflections up to 270° directly pro- portional to the current, and without any permanent set being given to the spring. To prevent a spring taking a permanent set for a large deflection, it is of great importance that the spring, after being delivered by the maker, should receive a large degree of per- 7) me instruments for measur- ing respectively electric | of only 50°, which is all | act of manufacturing these springs—that is, ‘in the bending of the strip—the material ac- quires strains which are just opposite in character to the ini- tial strains which we wish it to possess, for, as already ex- plained, if the spring be con- structed as in Fig. 5, p 5, an extension to the spring produces a rotation tending to uncoil it. Hence a spring must not be re- garded as ready for use until it receives a good set by means of a weight hung from its end. This instrument is direct-read- ing, the adjustment for sensi- bility being made by a small sliding coil, the correct position of which is initially determined experimentally by the makers, and in which position the coil is permanently fixed. Theory of the Solenoid Spring Ammeter or Voltmeter.—lf C is the current in ampéres flowing through the coil, the attractive force on the iron core is Kc? 1+SC where Sis a consonant, which is the greater as the current is smaller, for which the iron tube A A, Fig. 1, becomes saturated with magnetism. The position of this iron in the solenoid is so selected that K remains prac- tically constant throughout the small range of downward motion of the core. Since the rotation g has been produced by an axial force, we know from the theory of the spring, already given, that this axial force is p gy, where p is some constant. Hence _ Eo PP = T+5C and since SC is great in comparison with unity for such currents as we wish to meas- ure, we have Pe? Cc ft cr & & Sp J C= , K?ts that is, equal divisions of the scale corres- pond with equal additions to the strength of the current except close to the zero, and the authors do not usually graduade these instru- per end of which is at- |, tached rigidly by a thin | rod to the glass top of the | rotary motion, which is | Parallax in taking read- | ments within 5 of the zero. Shielded Measuring Instruments.—When it is desired to use the instrument close to a dynamo machine or electro-motor in action, they have adopted a different and somewhat special form of construction, which is shown in Fig. 2, by means of which the instrument is to a great extent shielded from even pow- erful external magnetic fields. In this in- strument the electro-magnet consists of a | hollow core, part of which, B B, is of char- |coal iron, and part, D E, of brass or other | non-magnetic metal. The outside tube C C jend the plates X X, top and bottom, are also of charcoal iron. The space F F is filled | with insulated wire or strip in electric con- nection with the terminal, so that when a |current is sent through the instrument an intense magnetic field is formed between D }and E, which are the poles of the electro- |magnet. To the iron tube A A, also made of charcoal iron, the spiral spring, in this case made of extremely thin, hard steel, is attached, the other end being attached to the | piece F, which is fixed relatively to the bob- bin. The spindle G G, which is fixed to the moving iron core A A, moves freely in bear- ings H H, so that the only movements of | which A is capable are one of rotation and one parallel to the axis of the bobbin. As the iron core A projects into the strong magnetic field between D and E, |it is strongly attracted toward E when the current flows, and, as before, causes a large rotation of the pointer P over the scale. As a means of varying the power of the instru- ment an adjustable iron piece, K, is provided, which can be screwed nearer to or further from the core A, and by the use of which the sensibility of the instrument can be adjusted so as to make the instrument ‘‘ direct-read- ing”—that is to say, each division of the scale can be made to correspond with 1 am- pére of current or 1 volt difference of po- tential, and the employment of a constant such as 1.34 ampéres or volts per degree, which has hitherto been necessary with our measuring instruments, is now avoided. This power of adjustment produced by the use of the movable iron piece K, combined with the ease with which more or less wire can be wound on to the instrument, which also constitutes a second adjustment of sen- sibility, is of considerable importance, since the employment of a constant has not only led to error and delay in measurements made in electric-light factories, but has caused the (Continued on page 5.) * CV ae ot —— ae - . — irae Poe. pt > ie. ~~ 4. ~- wer ar eae a Ain > r ee ee od yw? cs “_7 4s. Se SE TAS 2 THE IRON AGE, October 9, 1884, aMeomA onaae AND The Plume&Atwood PHILIP L MOEN, President ana Treasurer. CHAS. F, WASHBURN, Vice President & Secretary OMA pease, tg. Compens. WASHBURN & MOEN MANUEAGTURING Co a p i“ Established 1831. Malt tins MASS. MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, German Silver and Gilding Metal, Copper Rivets and Burs, Copper Electrical Wire, Pins,/¥ PURE COPPER WIRE, For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. O’NEILS'S PATENT PLANISHED COPPER. Seamless Brass and Copper Tubing, Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, O’Neiis’s Warhary Brass Co. ESTABLISHED 1845. Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, W.E, DODGE Pres’t. G. P. COWLES, Patent Nickel- CERMAN SILVER, B Butt Hi F nae, sing Plated Copper, | Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire —— = gow, + oy C., Secretary. ine . BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, Jack Chain, Kerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 18 Murray Street, New York. q sie re 13 Federal Street, Boston. 8 SS abe ers oe eee 109 Lake Street, Chicago. ; os ase f Rolling Mill, Factories, THOMASTON, Ct. WATERBURY, Ct. COPPER RIVETS AND BURS, BRASS KETTLES, Door Rail, Brass Tags, PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASKS, Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &c. And small Brass Wares of every Description. Ansonia Refined Ingot Copper, Anchor Brand ; LAKE INGOT COPPER. oo 19 & 21 CMM Street, NEW YORK. IRON St oo WIRE, paren Steel Barb ng ee vee — Wire Bale Ties. Cal Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. e ‘en or 8 rhs nan Md PHELPS DODGE & C0 Ca ell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- Bridgeport Brass Co., |: eu traree,’ ‘oF the ite PATENT OORT CONTIN} ous in predeatts tren nO yer and exclu. . rv eae ed Fence and i Grape Wire! in I ein Tong leng Shar nsgenetter and pene 2 Wire, IMPORTERS OF ing Goods. MANUFACTURERS OF aud Chain Wine ww erex men DEPOTS, Mailis At spiral Broom Wire and Tins Tinned pi pisted Wire of al tae, eine coe ee ery, Covering Wir 296 Broadway, New York. | WATERBURY,| Sheet and Roll Brass, ay ay Autre Baguette rancor, “er a Toauae Sertecbeened tnd Oot to omy tae ek comes Tet Wire. Steel Wire for Barings Needics aut Bonne Wire, Stee! Wire Linen ‘nian Dartvaled Steel Music New York, 16 Clif, and 241 Pearl Sts. Chicago, 107 and 109 Lake St. HOWARD & MORSE, Warehouse: naman Ht Ri 45 Fulton Street, Manufacturers of Caarch 4. , Round Iron, Brass & Copper = een TIN PLATE, ROOFING PLATE, Sheet Iron Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zinc, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. OLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. 125 Eddy St., Providence, R. I. Conn. POPE,COLE & Co. BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, Seamless and Brazed Tubing, Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements, | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS. Particular attention d to cu out Blanks and manufacturing Me Sia” MANUFACTORY, WaREHOUSE, Bridgeport, Conn. | 19 Murray &t., N. ¥. —— eee Holmes, Booth & Haydens, WATERBURY, CONN. WAREHOUSES: | SCOVILL MFC CO —_—_—_>—_———_ B R A 8 Ss 2 . NEW YORK, BOSTON, HINGES WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. | “iso Cakes, of unequaled purity and voughness. | 95 Park Pince, 18 Federal St. LOTH . J Manufacturers of all kinds of Brass, Copper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. BRASS & COPPER WIRE, PHOTOGRAPHIO GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. Plain and Ornamental Wire Work, Wire Fence & Railing, ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- Neesatetiiintetenintacd Window Guard. No. oerere FACTORIES, per and German Silver DOOR AND WINDOW GUARDS, $19.4 421 Broom Weterbery, Com. Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. OFFICE RAILING 83 Lake St., Ch cage New Yo Citv. =| COPPER & BRASS RIVETS BRASS & IRON GF a ’ AND BURS. JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL, |*%%..8 ,Sormer, Hay- lron Stable Fixtures. apts toni te.o Rome, New York. German Silver Spoons, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Kerosene Burners, &c. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Breekiyn eae Gin Oe Dealers in DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO., Importers of Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Copper, BROWN & BROTHERS, Wire, Zinc, Etc. on a 88 niet Bie» aan whale, 81 Chambers St., N.Y. Waterbury, Conn. DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool. NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF THE NEW HAVEN BRASS, COPPER AND coPPER co., | GERMAN SILVER SOLE MAKERS OF Im Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, POLISHED COPPER) ~~~ Patent of T. J Sept. 876. A . ee | Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. ALSO MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN ATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND CUPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 Ibs. and teed against vacuum. BRAZIERS & SHEATHING COPPER, | oon en nnn wpeery emawie PATENTED SPRING ERED SILVER-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich THE TRENTON IRON CO., TRENTON NEW JERSEY. = >) BRAZIER RODS, BAR IRON, s COPPERAS. New York Office, = - COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 17 Burling Slip. Philadelphia Office - - - 21 North Fourth Street. ‘ w Conn. 419 & 421 Broome St., N. Y faterbury, ds or Wire), Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, 100 John “treet, New Vork. PASSAIC ZINC CO. MANUF ACTURERS OF Pure Spelter FOR Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK. Also for GALVANIZERS AND BRASS FOUNDERS. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, 11} LIBERTY ST. (24 Floor), NEW YORK. WIRE)\)ROPE Kettles, Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, &c. 290 Pearl Street - NEW YORK.| GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. HAZARD M'F’G Co raenarenatne sete ocr « tm, | 280. W. Prentiss & Co., eae L WAREBOOMB : Waterbury Mfg. Co.,| RON ge@wire. |°7 ‘worn! \tisseminae SO WATERBURY, CONN., Brass Goods This Advertisement Changed Weekly. IOWA BARB WIRE CO., BRODERICK & BASCOM ROPE CO., WIRE ROPE BRODERICK& BASCOM RoPE Co. Bright, Coppered, Annealed and Tin Piated. AlsoGUN SCREW WIRE Of all sizes straightened and cut to order. New York Office, 98 Reade St, Chicago Office, 89 Lake st. SS eet : MANUFACTURERS OF é IRON & STEEL WIRE ROPE, : 728 N. Main St. St. Louis, Mo. | 5 e A. LESCHEN «& SONS, x = o e Manufacturers of 3 MANUFACTURERS OF THE _ o ‘ie ~c EUREKA TREE & POST HOLE DICCER. — i ae STAUFFER MACREADY & CO., New Orieans, La. _ = => gf BAKER & HAMILTON, TOLTOR. Ballimere 7 Cal 2 5 2 ; — s = = oR — 9038 & 905 N. Main &t., ST. LOUIS, MO. Correspondence invited. THE WIRE GOODS CO i] Worcester, Mass. © Brig ht Wire Goods, Mill Wire Goods, Belt Hooks, os uble-Pointed Tacks and Staples. Wire E JENCKES MANFG. CO. WF. Ss. ESTES, MANUFACTURER OF OF BRASS, COPPER mienaee » Cord, Clothes Line Wire, Hand Rail Screws, &c.., oo noe + t straightened PAWTUCKET, R. L, { IRON, GALVANIZED AND and ma ie to »any desired shape. Orc iers solicited from the Trade for the full line of Screw Eyes, &c., known as Hardware Wire Goods. Quality guaranteed the best in the market. Bright Wire Goods, Belt Hooks, VW be i : te ) STEEL WIRE, OF ALL Special articles made to order. SPRING PINS, KEYS AND COTTERS. Cs. AND GRADES THE WIRE COODS CO., Worcester, Mass. Rent Wise Gongs of of kinds @ Specialty. Iren and Syoel 1g! L-pcomotive Spark Wire Cloth. Beew for Expert and if 'Feae ry wee. Ceal A W. PARMELEE, Pres't , New York Ofice, SS Chambers treet, Screens. irea Boiting Ciotn. Werk ot every descri SAMUEL A. HAINES Selling Agent. NO. ‘86 FULTON ST., . ° NEW “YORK. SPA * ip. et. = yw) - BuyIeg GweH | cores i a : ‘October 9, 1884. THEH IRON AGE. 3 >. UNE c,| CAE Y & MOEN, Tiaes aa al STEEL WIRE forall purposes and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. ) | | ) \ - Japanned, Brass, Tin Plate and Wood BIRD CAGES Original inventors and patentees of | Bright Metal Cages, | constructed without solder. 7 Revolving Flower Stand, Wrought-iron Fence. Chair. Punch, a5 FRED. J. MEYERS MEG, C0. COVINGTON, Ky. Manufacturers of WIRE GOODS OF ALL KINDS, Wrot ght-iron Fencing, Cresting and Hardware Specialties, Send for Illustrated Catalogue and Price List. i VIdSS, ES LE LEE DECELCCLALL Ea Sand Screen. WOU I ULELLLELLLLL mt LuLu LA . 254 Pearl St. NEW YORK. M“iarket Steel Wire, Crinolime Wire, tempered and covered. Also Patent Tempered Steel oo eererere = on hand, 234, 936 and 238 West 29th Street, —_ 2EW TORK, | 6 ee we = {/==59) IRON AND BRASS RIVETS, ioe MIPS | seats Fla Fee. ae Tey Saat BLAKE & JOHNSON, Waterbury, Com.) AYG@T] [I haiiaale’ ee THE GAUTIER STEEL DE- ’ PARTMENT of Cambria Iron LUDLOW- SAYLOR WIRE CO., sT. LOUIS, MO. MANUFACTURER OF Co., al Johnstown, Pa., de- i . OS OO AY y WIRE ELEVATOR GUARDS sires t0 say to its patrons SSSA) Office Railings, Desk Railings, that it has NO BESSEMER At OKA) Sececes uit Skylight Guards and Wire ah Window Guards SPRING STEEL TO OFFER CLEVELAND, - - - - OH10 FOR SALE, as its entire pra- CWE aT es fern t duct of Spring Steel is of Pernot Open-Hearth, special LLIN FL. WIRE, WIRE CLOTH, WIRE ROPE, Counter Railings, Window Guards, Iron and Wire Fences, PLAIN AND BARBED FENCING WIRE. CORN POPPERS, SIEVES, stock, which is not put in ae awa OTnan fl aaa competition with low-class N atlond Wire & I Onb U Scrub, Shoe, Whitewash and Other Brushes importe d or domes tic Besse- i ae see ia em Ra ase ADDRESS . ° . taBend for Catalogue. >} Mention this Paper, mer, In price or qua ity. THOMPSON McOOSH, President, JOHN A, MoCOSH, ‘Bee. and Treas, N. Y. OFFICE, CHICAGO OFFICE, PHILA, OFFICE, ‘ LIFTER AND THE BROMWELL BRUSH 104 READE sT. 100 DEARBORN st. 523 ARCH sT. BA RB W | He EE CARRIER. LNo. 28s.] iicchcieelistAi A Mienilik phasic aie NM t © - & WIRE GOODS CO., CHARLES A. OTIS, President. SAM’L ANDREWS, Vice President. SAM’L A. SAGUE, General Manager THOS. JOPLING, Treasurer. JOHN C. ANDREWS, Secretary. NO DANGER OF CU1 TING HANDS OR TEAR ING CLOTHES. SAVES THE PRICE OF THE LIFTER MANY TIMES EVERY DAY. CINCINNATI. THE THE AMERICAN WII WIRE en DRAWERS OF Established 1819. DEWITT WIRE CLOTH CO.) aver, WI TR EE vescurerios TELEGRAPH AND TELEPR TELEPHONE WIRE. GALVANIZED, TINNED AND COPPERED) |WIRE. Manufactured 87 Chambers St., 703 Market St., NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, WIRE STRAIGHTENED AND CUT TO LENGTHS. parexrsn.| ee Room 24 Commercial Nat’ Bank ‘ a CLEVELAND, OHIO. *asidinge Sbicas Hawkeye Steel Barb Fence Co., w. Agent, 4 BURLINGTON, IOWA. — and Copper Wire, WIRE CLOTH of every description, HOWARD EVANS. O° OO I MOLDERS’ TOOLS, FOUNDRY FACING, MOLDING SAND, FOUNDRY SUPPLIES. J. A. EMERICK & Co., 1056 to 1076 Beach St., PHILADELPHIA. The above cut represents Preston’s Patent Braided Cable Wire Fence Rail, manufactured by the HOLLOW CABLE MFG. CO., Hornelisville, N. ¥Y. We also manufacture extensively four different sizes Wire Clothes Lines. Send for Circulars and Price Lists, Chamberlain & Miller, Western Agents, 89 Lake &t., Chicago, Ill. KELLY STEEL BARB WIRE. Double Selvage, Painted Wire Window Cloth. WIRE NETTING FOR FENCING, POULTRY YARDS, &c, Wire Rope for Mines, Elevators, Cables and Transmission of Power, WIRE CORDS FOR PICTURES WINDOW SASHES, &c., &¢. PATENT OFFICE. F. V. BRIESEN, 82 and 84 Nassau Street, NEW YORK. ———__ AMERICAN AND FOREIGN PATEN T S| Estab'd 1818. Incorp’d 1874. THE Gilbert & Bennett Mfg. Co > Barbs 3 inches apart stand in all directions, _| 42 CLIFF ST., NEW YORK, YIELDING STEEL BARB, ACTING LIKE A NATURAL THORN. Lightest Weight per Rod. Painted and Galvanized. Only one Agent in eachtown. Address = ee . < yA MANUFACTURERS OF a |. —— Iron & Galvanized Wire THORN WIRE HEDGE CoO. Power Loom Palated and aan CHICAGO. IL. Galvanized Wire Cloth for Drying ROOE CREST ING, lron Fence, Railings, Stable Fittings, BUILDERS’ SPECIALTIES, &e. J. EB. BOLLS c& CO., Wire Fence, Gelvanined Twist Wire Poultry Netting. Factories, Georgetown, Conn. Twin ws DoT HANES |. i | iq nposite ght fron Rail: DETROIT, MICH., U. 8. A. Solicited promptly and eaeey Semen o soars LA] I ing, at the rate of $1. aa oie tasd ths Send for Catalogue. Mention this Paper WILLIAM MANN, JR , & CO. Watatiatal es “ciaiy| WICKWIRE BROTHERS, om 1". Psceeecinione tity ey <AmFeOTURIEA o7 LEWISTOWN, PA., ~ ESTABLISHED 1848. — ~ ae INCORPORATED 1870, — e ¥ b 6 | 0) T d nl q W | R E t 0 0 D §, MANUFACTURERS OF ceiniiiiaa aia cae alle aera WM. CABBLE EXCELSIOR WIRE MFG. CO.. Dish Covers, 43 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK, “CORTLAND” Corn Poppers, ANES, BROAD ANES, Brass, Copper and Iron Wire Gloth, /amsoek “Fr Ses ; Etc,, Ete. Metallic Stove Sieve. Adzes, Broad Hatchets, AND BRASS AND COPPER WIRE, SPANISH AXES AND TOOLS. Coal and Sand Screens, Riddies, &c. ert at a >. Sell *. oF uw + wer ie sf ‘i THE IRON AGH. October 9, 1884. OGDEN & WALLACE,|Marshall Lefferts & Co. lron and Steel, rus Of every description kept in stock. Galvanized Sheet Ir On, Agents for Park Brother & Co.'s Best Bloom, Best Refined and Oomunon. BLACK DIAMOND STEEL. a Wire T ph and Fence ; Galva nized Toop and 8 - Sa ‘Grivantzed Rod and Bar Iron, on ha sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel constantly Galva anised Nails, Galvanized Chain. Galvanized Iron nd. CORRUGATED SHEET IRON For Roofing, &c., Galvanised, Plain or Painted. Best Oharcoal, Best Refined and Common SHEET IRON. Plate and "l'ank Iron, C No, 1, C. H. No. 1, C. H. No. 1 Flange, Best Flange, Best Flange Fire Box, Circles. ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF lron Work Galvanized or Tinned ‘to Order. Price list and quotations sent upon application. FOX & DRUMMOND, RAILWAY AND ROLLING MILL MATERIAL, 6s Wall Street, NEw YORK. JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON, o. 63 Wall St., New York. on PIERSON & CO, 24 to 27 West St., Cor. Morris, NEW YORK CITY. “PICKS” of all kinds, “ESOPUS” HORSE SHOE IRON, BEAMS, ANCLES, Tees, Channels, Sheets, Plates. All descriptions in stock. IRON & STEEL. ABEEL BROS., IRON MERCHANTS, 190 SOUTH *T., 845 WATER ot, | NEW raw | “A.B. M.CO.” SHAFTING. ALSO GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF “NORWAY, ER.” ‘CATASAUQUA,” palates tee coMMON ON, ULSTER IRON WORKS BAND, HeOoOP AND RON. 90 Broadway, New York. Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co CARMICHAEL & EMMENS 230, 132 & 134 Cedar St., New York, and Nos. 21, 23, 25 7 West Lake St., Chicago, Ul. DEALERS IN IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE. PB spe Boiler Tubes, &c. &c. The Coatesville I tren Ue. The, Laure! Roll- > iy and ae Tube uae Wrought [ron DANIEL ee COONEY, BOILER | PLATES AN AND "SHEET | IRON, STE*L OF 288 aEne, TBLEPHORE CALL, ** NASSAU. 379.” A. R. WHITNEY & C0,, CTURERS OF AN Iron and Steel AGENCIES: PORTAGE TRON CO., Limited, Merchant Lron and Steel, NORWAY STEEL & IRON CO., Homogeneous BAY STATE [RON CO., Tank, Boiler and Girder | DYWLNE Bota. ING MILL. Boiler Plates. GLasgow ae op oe KKS. Boiler Flues Y co rought Iron Pipe. GaRNEUtee ‘BROS . Limited, fron and ms, Channe's, Shapes and 8 i H. P. NAIL ¢ ‘O 4§ Steel Wire Nails. ~~ THE CHESTER PIPE AND TUBE CO. P estimates furmshed and contracts made for erecting Lron Structures of ev Pp oe ives, A a “4 rte Iron, Cut Nails . Spikes. tion. s containing cuts of all iron made sent | Agency for Glasgow Iron Co., Jos L. Baile .S Co. Co. on application by maii. Sample pieces at office | = os A a kolling iy ey | =< an a Rens. Please address 58 HMudson St. New York. Gone a 4 =k. Rivets Boller and Fire-Rox Pia Dp CORNING. BORDEN & LUVELL, ionbe st. Commission Merchants, |€.W. LEAVITT & CO. ,""xxw’ vous. 70 & 71 West St., RAILS, LOCOMOTIVES AND CARS. PIG AND BAR IRON, OLD RAILS AND SCRAP IRO Cc, W. Leavirt, tb, 3. Ovnt a A gueess, | NEW YORK. ALLENTOWN ROLLING on AGENCIES : )arw OOD HEMP CAR WHEEL CO., Agents for the sale of PAKDEE CAR & MACHINE WORKS. Fall River Iron Co.’s Nalis, B. FE. JUDSON,; Importer of and Dealer in Bands, a & Rods, SCOTCH AND AMERICAN Borden Mining Company’s & is Iron, Cumberland Coals. Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, VOUGHT & WILLIAMS, OLD METALS. E 457 & 459 Water St., memes 74 guns AND 3372333 Soucn sest ~NEW YORK. AGENTS FOR HELLER BROS.’ ARLING, BROWN & SHARPE'S Clay Cruciple Cast Steel. ' ae ee: toe 288 Gneewvicu Sraeer, NEW YORK. ALWAYS IN STOCK 89 Chambers Street, NEW YORK LAKE SUPERIOR CHARCOAL IRON,|, WM. McFARLAND, CHARLES HIMROD & CO., | Chilled Cast Wire Dies a Specialty, Manufacture and bave always in stock IMPORTED & AMERICAN. 4t Menufacturers’ Prices. Catalogues for 188s. For Matlable and Car-Whee! Puroses, [FQN and Brass Founder, CHICAGO AND DETROIT. Any size or style made at short notice, ROLLED IRON BEAMS, WM. H. BELCHE R, PIG IRON. Sa A SPECIALTY. | TRENTON, N. J. PASSAIC ROLLING MILL CO., Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Biveted Work, Forgings, Bye Bars, #0, PATERSON, N. J. a> b Boom 45, Astor House, New York. CUT NAILS. Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c, DOVER IRON CO’S BOILER RIVETs, Boiler Brace Jaws, Socket Bolts, &c. FULLER BROTHERS & CO., 139 Greenwich Street, New York. —| ULSTER pea sie eS 5 ke alias OXFORD... Wooo & Co. L IRON AND NAIL CO., Cut Nails SPIKES. J. 8. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. JOHN W. QUINCY & CO., Anthracite, Charcoal, Scotch and English Pig iron. y tc er, Tin, Lead, and = MWietnis ¢ cnorally.” 1] HARRISON&GILLOON| METAL DEALERS In the Large Cities th h IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 7 nad | Cut Nails and Spikes, Plate and Sheet 558, S60, 562 WATEK ST. & x2, xs, 306 CHERRY 8T., THE UNITED STATES, lron, all descriptions. NEW YORK, And at their Offec, have on hand, and offer for sale. the following : 117 Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA, SHOENBERGER & Ci & CO., les ~The Iron, Wrought, Cast and SNOW SHOES. Roadster Pattern. PATENT Planished Sheet Iron. Patented March 14th, 1865 ; Avril Sth, 1873; Sept. oth, 1873 ; Oct. 6th, 1874 ; Jan. 11, 1876. Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, and at a much less price, FOR SALE by all the prineipal STEEL TOE CALKS. Extra Quality Homogeneous Steel BOILER PLATE | STEEL PLATES, all descriptions. ‘ Wstught teow hns old Copper: Compodtion. Brass, | =e. —~|syancuse matveabie WHEELING NAILS |) BURDEN’S Laughlin Nail Co., | IRON WORKS, Junction Iron Co., ; WORSESOOES| <n lwomoon, El Mower and Reaper Castings| 47 Chambers Street. New York. 1 and Carriage Irons a Manhattan Rolling Mill. : r Specialty. Ww. B. BURNS, Proprietor, PENNSYLVANIA IRON WORKS Everson, Brown & Co.., SECOND AVE., PITTSBURGH, PA.,| @°¢* Ovals, Half Ovals and Fiate._ a KEYSTONE ROLLING MILL, Limited. Limited. Light Sheet Iron. “Burden Best” lron J. LEONARD, 445 to 451 West St., 177 & 179 Bank St., NEW YORK, Manufacturer of HORSE SHOE IRON, Toe Calk Steel, Ord Boiler Rivets. Manufacturers The Burden IronCompany) "°ODINS.ShS"" | rROMN Prices quoted promptly upon application. Pitteburg@h, « - - Pa. Troy, N.Y. Ot te eT hee 2 eee ere egeres—nemeee CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON! Bonnell, Botsford & Co ROOFING & SIDING, AnD Iron Dutidings Roofs . . Doors, Cornices, BURDEN’S sbyitemt,"araecra=”| ION, Nails & Spikes. 4 B & S B | MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO., . s a s ar ron. & Dey Street, New York. YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. Also Best Grades of GEORGE ‘is saamemnien s JOHN CALDWELL, = T. W. WELSH, Supt American & English Refined Iron. eee ie een 1a Me re All sizes and shapes in stock. Westinghouse Air-Brake Co. PITTSBURGH, PA., U. S. A., MANUFACTURERS OF THE WESTINGHOUSE AUTOMATIC BRAKE, Westinghouse Locomotive Driver Brake, Vacuum Brakes (Westinghouse & Smith Patents). Gor, Albany & Washington Sts) |WESTINGHOUSE FREIGHT BRAKE. a, et Wathen, We, fetes 2 Oaue. peste Automatic Frotght Brake le cosentialy the same apparatus as the Automatic Sate fas r cars, piece mechanism. and is is wold at a very low Petne saviog in acciden 7 S wh brak: “ tn | Sue on oan oe a = on enren’s -S wanes. ” has proved itself to be the must efictans Train and Safety Brake o hnewe. Its coteeties fi is instantaneous i it wate operated from cually. o oes eee. and should the re it ay plies — A ARAN is [a against loss otae a areas | PATENT ‘SUITS on the appara thew _— - The WESTINGHOUSE BRAKE is now fitted to upward of 15,000 ENGINES AND 80,000 CARS, and is adopted by the principal Railways in all parts of the world. FULL INFORMATION FURNISHED ON APPLICATION, LEECHBURG IRON WORKS. KIRKPATRICK & CO., Limited, PIN eS sHHET rRONS, Refined Cold Rolled, Show Card, Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferruie lron, &c.) EGLESTON BROS, & CO.. 3ey eeutt St | NEW YORK CITY. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., IRON MERCHANTS BOLT & RIVET CLIPPERS. Wer cutting of the ands of Batis and ax for them mueneyee ou buy your eaten. or yt CHAMBERS, BROTHER & CoO., 53d St., below Lancaster Ave., Philadeiphia, Pa. Stamping, Tea NATURAL GAS USED ” as PUEL. OFFIOGR, No, 1438 First Ave., Pitteburgh, Pa WORKS. LCerchhburg, Pa. BROWN'S HOC AND Pic ) RINGER and RINGS, . Ringers, 7<c. Rings, soc. too. Holders, 75¢. Huskers 1<c ae © Ane — & QUINLAN, Exclusive eee: eonew a IXL Fa ous J, SPOw R. D. WOOD 4 C0. THE JERSEY CITY y GALVANIZING Ce Co., Tl Philadelphia, — CALVANIZED MATERIAL OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Rails, 3 Manufacturers of = anki aon a Shean hen te IN ALL ITS BRAWN Dania = Riv Cast Iron Pipe ooo ies, 8c a eccernt On FOR WATER AND GAs, All Ganges SHEN, Lamp Posts, Vaives, &c., and Aathew’s Pat. Anti-Freezing Hydrants. Sises UF _ eee ap errr viens of Bheets. . CHAE Corrugated Sheet iron © Specialty, Galvanised. Black and Eainted. irom Corrugated for the Trade. a furnished ov application. Orrm WORKS GREEN AND BAY STREETS, JERSEY CITY, 4 OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE, 98 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK 34. I 3 & at hy Beag o Its a rs ORK H THE IRON AGE. October 9, 1884, JUSTICE COX, Jr, CHARLES K. BARNS. JUSTICE COX, JR. & CO, WILLIAM R. HART & CO..| HENRY LEVIS & Co., TRON BROKER any COMMISSION MERCHANT, AMERICAN AND FOREIGN Manufacturers’ Agents | ‘sss ritrase, Puitedeipnin Pa. | UA, Jt 5 Pig, Bar and Rallroad ICKIES, CONEWAGO, MONTGOMERY ANT PIG IRON, SPIEGELEISEN, For Iron and Stoel Raila, Oar Wheels, Boller and oS ee Se: aenee fron. amunanenat Agent for the MOUNT SAVAGE FIRE BRICK, The Allentown tron Co. and the Greenwood Rolling Mill, peawene Dee . ane YARD BR ABOVE CALLOWHILL STREET, connected by track with railroad. : Cash advances made on Iron. Foundry & Forge Pig Iron. CARBON ROLLING MILL CO., Limited, Best Quality Muck Bar. CATASAUQUA MFG. CO.’S Bar, Angle, Skeip and Sheet tron. Shenandoah (Va.) Best Charcoal Blooms, No. 294 So. Fourth 8t., PHALADELPHIA, JEROME KEELEY & CO., 906 Walnut Place, Philadelphia. Steel Blooms, Crop Ends, Tin Plates, &. ou TE cai a No, 224 South Third St. PHILADELPHIA, 984 B. Eth St., Philadelphto. Heavy Rails, Light Rails, Railway F'astenings, STREET RAILS. Jas. G, Linpsay. Tos. S. Parvin. LINDSAY, PARVIN & CO., ADDRESS: rs Successors to Ltoyp & Linpsay, SELLING AGEN vee CHARCOAL and ANTHRACITE BLOOMS, PIG IRON, ; 328 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. | BAK_|RON, SHEET IRON, STEEL and IRON RAILS ' ane ; IRON CLAD 8TEEL RAILS and BARS, MAGNETIC . ron ip and Bridge Builders’ Materials, Stee] | 824 HEMATITE [RON ORES FIRE BRICK, COAI j and Tron Shaves and Bars, Sheet Iron, Sheet Steel, | #24 “OKE. MUCK BARS. Handle Old Lron and Steel Pig Iron, Muck Bars, Plate Girders for Bridges and fine jan Soartinnmne and negotiate enles ihe, Werks, Buildings. Contracts placed for Tron Structures _ ee aig leisnniadedls hisses amie 218 South Fourth St., Johnstown, Behetbert Waste ast tish E. H. Wilson. A. Kaiser. J. B. M. Hirons. Philadelphia, Pa. Pennsylvania. | a phia, y ETHELBERT WATTS & Co., E. H. WILSON & CO., Iron Brokers and Commission Mer chants, Offices, No. 220 So. Third Street, Phila. SALES AGEN CORNWALL OFF BANE CO. | IRON onza D IRON © 8. VESTA FURNACE, _— vee MARIETTA FURNACES, ; PIG IRON, Messrs. EVERETT & POST, ? Chicago and 8t. Louis, *§ PIG LEAD & SPELTER. Correspondence Solicited. 230 Seuth Third Street, Philadelphia. BROKERS AND DEALERS IN IRON AND STEEL. Correspondence solicited. THE PHCENIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT [KON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, and built up shapes fo Iron Bridges, REFINED BAR, SHAVTING, and covery varicty of SHAPE ITROR made to order. Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORE AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty Street. BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymarechk St. ALAN WOOD & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best HKefined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom PLATE ce SHEHBT IRON, ALSO LIGHT PLATES AND SHEETS OF STEEL, No. 519 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Orders solicited especially for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, Tank and Boat Iron ; Last, Stamping, Ferrule, Locomotive Heaulight and Jacket Lron. W. H. WALBAUM & CO., 206 S. Fourth St., Philade'phia. 61 Pine St., New York. NEW AND CLD RAILS, BLOOMS, BESSEMER PIC, Crop Ends, Spiegeleisen, Iron Ores and Railroad Supplies Generally. AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR THE NORTH LONSDADE IRON & STEEL CO., Limited, Bessemer Pig Iron, brand *‘ Ulverston ;” Malleable Pig Iron, brand * U: H M.” MOSS BAY HEMA'ITE IRON & STEEL CO., Limited. Spiegeleisen, Crop Ends. &c. Also for ** Lorn” Malleable Charcoal Pig Iron and N B ALL & CO.'S Dinas Fire Bricks. Also Sole Agents for the WHITE RIVER MINING CO’S. Arkansas Manganese Ore, Guaranteed so per HABEEJAS. ROWLAND & Co. Kensington lron, Steel & Nail Works, 9290 North Delaware Ave., - PHILADELPHIA, ANVIL BRAND REFINED MERCHANT BAR IRON. Aico, the James Howland & Co, Kensington AP” Ma ct trom PENCOYD IRON WORKS. A.é«c PP. ROBERTS «c CO., BEAMS, CHANNELS, DECK BEAMS, ANCLES, TEES, PLATES, MERCHANT BAR. J. W. HOFFMAN & CO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS 408 South Fourth St., Philadelphia, SELLING AGENTS, PINE TRON WORKS, Pine Brand vlates; GLASGOW IRON CO, Plates and Muck Bars , SPKANG STEKL & IRON CO. (Limited), Siemens-Martin (O; en Hear‘h) — Universal and Sheared Plates, Angles and Shapes L. & R. WISTER & CO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 230 S80. 4th St., Philadelphia. AGENTS Kemble and Norway Foun ry and Forge Pig Iron. Wyebrooke ©. B Charcoal Pig Iron, Buchanan Red Short Pig tron. DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF SCRAP IRON, JNO. L. HOGAN, RICH'D M, ELLIOT. HOGAN & ELLIOT, att & 413 WALNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, IRON AND ORES, Old Rails, Wrought and Cast Scrap, Iron and Steel Blooms and Billets. AGENTS FoR: Brier Hill Iron and Coal Co., Pig Iron - Low Moor Lron Co., of Virginia, "iz Tron. Mount Hope Special Strength Ch»rcoal Pig Iron Youngstown Steel Co. Washed Meta: for Open Hearth and Cruci»le purposes. Conn llsville Coke. Low Phosphorus Bessemer Pig Iron a Specialty. MORRIS, WHEELER & co., IRON, STEEL & NAILS. WAREHOUSE and OFFICES, | SALES OFFICES PHILA., PA. PHILA., PA. New Work Address, 14 CLIFF 8ST. REUBEN HAINES, OoOMREMIiIstg, 738 Sansom &t., Philadelphia. Analysis of Ores of Iron and other Metals, Pig Iron and Steel. Assay of Gold and Silver Ores. Water Analysis for Manuf’ing and Household Use. ANDOVER PIG IRON, FOR BKST MILL PRODUCTS No further orders taken for Grey Mottled Iron. Anaveor Uniti iron for Uarwneess, ae bh mar Peete Waitser & Sou’ stanaata tone? ™ F. A. ComLy, Treas. 4. WESLEY PULLMAS, Agent. 407 Wainut S., PHILADELPHIA. MOHRE, TAYLOR-LANGDON GaAS-—ROASTED BESSEMER ORE, Specially adapted to Seft Foundry or Highest Grades of Mill Iron. J. WESLEY PULIMAN, dh.» fh 4o7 Walout St.. PHILADELPHIA. Bole t Agent for NORTH BROTHERS, |Sheridan, Leesport, Temple, lron Founders, Lynchburg, Millcreek and Mt LIGHT CASTINGS A SPECIALTY, Laurel N. W. Cor, 23d and Race Streets,|; FOUNDRY & FURGE PIG IRON, PHILADELPHIA, CHARCOAL PIC IRON. Correspondence solicited. 430 Wainwt St... PHILADELPHIA, PA. TESTED CHAINS, BRADLEE & CO., EMPIRE CHAIN WORKS, $16 Richmond 8t., - - PHILADELPHIA. Chains for Foundry Cranes and Slings. “‘D. B. C.’’ Special Crane Chain. Steel and Iron Dredging, Slope and Mining Chains. Ship’s Cables and Marine Railway Chains. CUMBERLAND NAIL AND IRON 6O., MANUFACTURERS OF “Cumberland” Nails and Wrought Iron Pipe, 43 North Water Street and 44 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA. J. TAWTNALL LEA & CO.,, Successors to CABEEN & CO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, No. 200 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. BESSEMER, MILL AND FOUNDRY PIG IRON, SKELP IRON, MUCK AND SCRAP BARS NATIVE AND FOREIGN ORES. AGENTS FOR CONNELLSVILLE COKE. LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR-WHEEL TIRES Manufactured from the celebrated OTIS STEEL BRAND ZF STANDARD Z Quality and efficiency fully guaranteed. Prices as low as any of the same quality. We manufacture Heavy and Light Forgings, Driving and Car Axles, Crank Pins, Piston Rods, &c. THE STANDARD STEEL WORKS, Werks at LEWISTOWN, PA. Office: - - 2208 4th Bt... Philadelphia, Pa. their Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel; Skelp Iron a speciality; also Rounds, Squares, Flate, Bands and Hoop Iron. SHAFTING AND ROLLED OR HAMMERED AXLES OF IRON OR STEEL Office, No. 26 8, Fourth St., Philadeiphia, Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. Jw. WwW. PAXSON w COo., MOULDING SAND, 1021 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA, PA., MANUFACTURERS CHARCOAL FACING, XX MINERAL, ANTHRACITE FACING, BRIPDLES, SHOVELS. IXL FACING, SOAPSTONE, STEEL BRUSHES. THE ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILLS, Manufacturers of Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes. Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. General Office, 237 South Third St., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa SHENANDOAH IRON, LUMBER, MINING & MFG. CO., MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERIOR COKE PIG IRON FROM NEUTRAL HEMATITE ORES. Aiso CHARCOAL PIG LRON AND BLOOMS FROM SAME ORES. orks at MILNFS, PAGE Co., VA. Treasurer’s Office, 132 WALNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA. HOFFMAN, PARRY & CO., Sales Agents, 2U8 South 4th St., Philade!iphia. X MINERAL, LEAD FACING, ; BOOTH, GARRETT & BLAIR, ANALYTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMISTS, 919 and 921 Chant Si. 10th above Chestnut 8t.), Philadelphia, Pa. Established in 1836, Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys of all kinds. A special department for the ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, ited with all the apparatus aod appliances for the rapid and accurate analysis of Lron. Steel, Iron Price lists on wee Siags, Limestones, \Joals. Ciays, Fire Sands, &c. Agents tor sampling ores in New York me (Continued from page 1.) breakage of the pointer or the destruction of an instrument from a far too powerful current being sent through it by an observer (often a man with little experience in the employment of instruments) having con- founded the constant of some other instru ment with that of the one he was using. In the first of these magnifying spring am- meters and voltmeters made by the authors the instrument did not show the direction of the current, but they have since added on the base of the instrument a small compass needle (not seen in the accompanying illus trations) which points out at which of the terminals the positive current enters, while the main pointer of the instrument shows as before the magnituae of the thing to be measured, Weighing Machines. —Another class of in struments in which they have practically employed this spring are weighing machines, and Fig. 3 shows one of the arrangements adopted The scale-pan is prevented from turning by the part A B being square and fitting very loosely a square hole in C, This arrangement introduces practically no fric- tion, and prevents the moment of inertia of the scale-pan and load interfering, by means of a rotatory motion, with the rapidity with which the pointer comes to rest when a load is put into the pan’ The position of the pointer P, which revolves when a weight is placed in the scale-pan, is read off upon the spiral scale D, which in the specimen shown was graduated in pounds. In another of these weighing machines, shown in Fig. 4, the arrangement is the same with the exception that a cylindrical scale, D, is fixed to the end of the spring and turns with it; the pointer P fixed on the frame of the insurument points to an indication of the weight on a spiral line drawn on the cylinder D. This second ar- A New Form of Spring for Measuring Instru-* ments, —Figs. 5 and 6.—Springs Flattened in Opposite Directions. rangement allows of the employment of springs whose ends have a relative motion of five or six revilutions. The authors also brought before the Royal Society a model showing a combination of bifilar and spiral spring suspenxion, in which great rotation and small axial lengthening or shortening are produced by an axial force. Ea Curious Railway.—Some interesting particulars regarding a curious railway at Falcon Cliff Castle, on the Isle of Man, have recently been supplied by a British railroad journal. The railway, as described, consists of an up and a down line of 4 foot gauge, running parallel for about 50 yards on a gradient of about one in three. The vehicles, two tramway cars, are moved by water poured into an iron tank upon which each car rests, and the running is controlled by a stationary hand-brake. The tank is of angular shape and rests upon four wheels of the usual railway-coach pat- tern, with a single flange on the tire. The shape of the tank necessitates two of the wheels being placed lower than the other two, while the body of the car, r-sting on the horizontal line of the angle, admits of it pre- serving a perfect level, although running on so enormously steep anincline. A cable, per- manently fixed at each end to the cars, runs in the center of the 4-foot gauge and round a wheel about 6