The Iron Age 1884-07-24: Vol 34 Iss 4

"1884, ‘|The Iron Age ees 0 A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. a NV, READING MATTER , &c. PAGE 32, PAGE 19. Published every Thursday Morning by Davin Witutams, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. ). Vol. XXXIV: No. 4. eg New York, Thursday, July 24 1884. 324.560 a Year, Including Fostage. Single Copies, Jen Cends. which throws some of its beams across into! manufacturing and supply stations. The| Government is better invested than that} Tenth and Eleventh Districts cover the lake the Province of New Brunswick, to the | most important of these establishments is on| which keeps the beacons burning on the| region; the Twelth and Thirteenth are on Brazos Santiago and the Point Isabel lights, | Staten Island. There isa complete laboratory | coasts and river banks. the Pacific coast, while the Fourteenth is the which illuminate a corner of the Republic of | for testing oils, a workshop for making and| The operations .of the service are con-|Ohio River, and Fifteenth the Mississippi Mexico. They run up and down the Pacific | repairing lamps, and an electric department | ducted in 15 districts, each in charge of an | and the Missouri. The lighthouses, lightships coast from San Diego to Cape Flattery, and! where experiments are in progress to deter- | officer of the navy as inspector and an army | and beacons are distributed as follows: Blowing Engine at the Iron and Steel Works, Reschitza, Hungary. The accompanying illustration shows an elevation of the blowing engine for the char- coal furnaces at the iron and steel works at Reschitza, Hungary. It was built by the Atlantic coast and Lake Champlain. ... .. 468 Société Cockerill in 1858, was originally eS eee, sage Gel ie Gab nscikcaveda vhs ia erected, with two similar engines, at the NS dugereressceesse. ak abviccenee Se ‘ company’s Anina iron works, and was BPO os acy cscermesccren V2 IVES brought to Reschitza in 1882. The i ey i Total aan pote pin promere, expenda iin) s Deeemeeeeeees WU ota. aa oa a lial Ht —_ single cylinder, steam jacketed, 40% inches in diameter, and the exhaust is condensed. The distribution of steam is effected by double-beat valves, worked by cams, which permit of the expansion being varied between wide limits. The stroke is 8 feet, and the normal speed 12% revolutions a minute, but the speed can easily be increased to 14 or 15 revolutions, in which case the piston speed is about 4 feet a second. The air cylinder is 9 feet in diameter. The inlet air-valves, working on rectangular grids, are contained in cast-iron boxes bolted to the cover. The delivery -valves are simple clacks of leather cove with light plates, their lift being limited by elastic stops which prevent shock and noise. They are contained in the hollow casting which is bolted to the two ai cm sages at top and bottom of the cylinder. The bed-plate is in three parts, firmly bolted and stayed together, the central portion being sunk to carry the bearings of the main shaft. The four columns of the frame, equi- distant from each center line of the cylinders, are bolted to the central portion, and also to the two side portions of the bed-plate. They form ties by which the strain is equally dis- tributed over the frame, so that the brick foundations have only to carry the weight. The power is coupled directly to the resist ance by the wrought-iron cross-head, trun nions at its ends receiving the side rods which turn the cranks. Here also the strains are equally distributed over the plummer blocks, whatever be the degree of expansion, and the weight of the fly-wheels, acting directly on either side, counteracts any tendency of the engine to rise, thus giving great stability. Since these engines were erected, 130 have been made on the same system. While the dimensions have been increased and several improvements have been introduced, such as compounding the cylinders, the main principle has been main- tained of making all the strains counteract each other within the frame, so that the foundations have only to carry the dead weight. This engine supersedes three old blowing engines of 300 horse-power collect- ively, erected near the charcoal-fired blast furnaces. EE The Sentinels of the Coast. The lighthouse service of the United States is a branch of the public administration in only a little more than $2,000,000, For the guidance and warning of Tiebtbowses the vernment maintains 755 beacons on the sea and lake coasts, 972 beacons on the Western rivers. LE «855s LT fae itt i aE i ib in & i - i ts EE i 2 Z lessly by the waves in heavy weather, and exposed to danger from ice and collison. It is a singular fact that these floating beacons are not infrequently run down by other vesgels. The Hand- Sound, was run into and some- w twice within 12 months. In .one the : E : and about 3500 buoys of the varieties known as nun, can spar. Many of these chan- nel guides have to be taken up when winter sets in and replaced in the | they are everywhere th ring, and they all require constant inspec- thon and frequent attention. This work, together with the distribution of supplies to the lighthouses and lightships, is per- formed by a little fleet of steam tend- ers. They ually and Gulf coast from West Quoddy light, the Atlantic | light-k district has one or more Se Thaw Tk Tih { ' be ed Disa BLOWING ENGINE AT mine the practicability of employing elec- tricity instead of oil in the lighthouses. Lard oil is going out of use as an illuminant. Min- eral oil has taken its place in all but a few lights of the first order, and even in these the board are substituting the mineral oil as fast as the necessary changes in ee apyetey | tus can be effected. No money spent by the | _— \ = " fi ayia’ | P| o*, 0 Vela PR Gd oa 4 - ae Oi g Liege sinia lions SMBs DAD WS Pas Me ~~ SS THE JRON AND STEEL WORKS, RESCHITZA, HUNGARY. officer as engineer. The First District in- cludes the Maineand New Hampshire coasts ; the Second reaches around Cape Cod to the Connecticut boundary ; the Third to Squan Inlet, N. J., ing the Hudson River and Lake Champlain; the Fourth to the Vir- ginia coast, and so on to the Eighth, which extends to the Mexican boundary. The Wrought-Iron Mains. The strain upon gas-mains from within is, under ordinary conditions, insignificant. If the strength of mains to resist bursting were to be more carefully considered, as it must be with cast-iron water mains, the remarka- ble resistance of thin sheet iron would be more generally recognized. The experience of Californian mining engineers is conclusive upon this point. Here it has been for 20 years customary to bring large supplies of water for hydraulic mining (now in some cases transformed into ordinary supplies for town populations) for many miles, under enormous pressures, by means of single- riveted pipes of No. 14 or 16 B.W.G., put together stove-pipe fashion, with the joints made tight by tarred strips of webbing. These pipes are frequently laid on the sur- face of the ground, protected in places by a couple of 1%-inch planks tacked together and laid over them, and thus they endure a range of temperature of from 10° to 107° F. in the shade. The last February number of the “‘ Transactions ” of the Amer- ican Society of Civil Engineers con- tains an instructive paper by Mr. Hamil- ton Smith, Jr., on this subject. The water supply for San Francisco is brought from storage reservoirs, a distance of 15 miles, in two riveted sheet-iron pipes. As an in- stance of the durability of such pipes, Mr. Smith cited two pipes—laid side by side, in 1868, by a company—each 26 inches diam- eter, of No, 16 B.W.G. iron, single-riveted, which stand an interior tensile strain of 11,500 pounds per square inch, and, although the water running through them is sandy and gritty, the pipes are nearly as good as new. All these pipes are soaked for 15 minutes in hot asphalt before leaving the workshops, The drift of all these facts is to prove that when circumstances call for the light- ness, elasticity and adaptability of a thin sheet-iron main-pipe for gas or water— when the cost of carriage is high, when the nd is hard or liable to settlement— itumenized sheet-iron will be strong enough, tight enough and last long enough for all practical purposes. It is not to be recom- mended where many tappings for services are to be expected; nor is it to be adopted merely for the sake of change, or in the absence of conditions unfavorable to the commoner type of main. For cheapness and speed of laying, the Californian style of making the pipes in 20-feet lengths very slightly taper, so as to enter each other as spigot and socket, with a wrapping of tarred or painted webbing to make all tight (the end rivets being countersunk), must bear away the palm. Surely, if pipes of this t¥pe will last for 20 years under a head of from 300 to 800 feet of water (passing, moreover, sand and gravel at tremendous veloc- ity), they ought to stand for ordi- nary pressure, in a more equable climate. The subject is of great economical and technical] interests and deserves to be kept in view, and regarded without prejudice on either side. -. EEE The so-called ‘‘ Underground bill,” relating to the burying of electric wires before December of next year, and recently signed by Governor Cleveland, has been ver extensively commented upon within the past few weeks, and its various defective points and peculiar provisions have elicited no end of ridicule. As the bill now stands it is justly open to severe criticism, but with proper changes in construction, e]. minat- ing some provisions which were evidently not intended, it will be thoroughly commendable. The different telephone, telegraph and electric light companies are given ample time to make the change, but if they fail to do it within the specified period the city govern- ment is authorized to have the work carried out at the expense of the companies. As regards the probable cost of putting the wires under ground various estimates are afloat, but nothing definite can well be said, the cost depend- ing a good deal upon how it is done. The feasibility of the plan is out of question, the telephone being the only thing about which there is any doubt, and even here with proper precautions no very great difficul- ties n be anticipated, There is no reason why projects which have been successfully carried out in other countries in this particular line should not be rewarded with success here, and the example set by France and Germany in this respect is highly to be commended and deserving of imitation. ] THE IRON AGE. July 24, 1884. The Plume&Atwood| Mfg. Company, ANSONIA BRASS AND COPPER CoO., MANUFACTURERS OF PHILIP L. MOEN, CHARLES F. WASHBURN, ger | AS | ant ROLL BRASS and WIRE “Weshhine®! Mean-Mie Co ONES '$. PATENT PLANISHED ' , as urn oen ° 0. “ean GOPPER Waterbury Brass Co. German Silver and Gilding Metal, etebiiched, tou. as 2 ds. ndsnes ESTABLISHED 1845, Copper Rivets and Burs, Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, | Conner Electrical Wire, Pins, CERMAN SILVER, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, COPPER RIVETS AND BURS,| Kerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, «c. BRASS KETTLES, Door Rail, Brass Tag*,| 1s Murray Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASKS, 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Rolling Mill, T Measures, &c. Factories, Metallic Eyelets, Shet Pouches, Tape THOMASTON, Ct. | WATERBURY, Ct. And small Brass Wares of every Descri Bpocialty. Bridgeport Brass Co, WORCESTER, MASS. WIRE DRAWERS. Patent Galvanizing, Rolling and Tempering, MANUFACTURERS OF IRON, AND IRON AND STEEL WIRE. Of Every Description. Copper Tubing, Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, O' Neiis’s Patent Nickel Plated Copper, &c., —IN— W. E. DODGE Pres’t. G. P. COWLES, V.-P. and Treas. A. A, COWLES, Secretary. Ansonia Refined Ingot Copper, Anchor Brand ; LAKE INGOT COPPER. — 19 & 21 CHM Street, NEW YORK. PHELPS, DODGE & CO., A SPECIALTY MADE OF GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE, GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WIRE, PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TIES, Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Sole Agents for the Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- ing Goods. DMIPORTERS OF —“_ Mills At o <r PATENT STEEL BARB FENCING, TIEN PLATE, [225 Brosiway New Yor. | WATERBURY, Sheet and Roll Brass, ‘as AND PUMP CHAIN. 125 Eddy St., Providence, R. nn. ing. w Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing WAREHOUSES | Now York, 16 Cliff and 24: Pearl Street ROOFING PLATE, Sheet Iron Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zinc, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. OLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. Seamless and Brazed Tubing, Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, OP . = san LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSEN “NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS.” _ ae Clocks & Fly Fan Movements, | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS. ” ? i aatinarealt 45 Fulton Street, New York. Particular attention = pete to to cutting out Blanks and manufacturing M And California Wire Works Co., San Wtnedneen Cal Manufactory, Nos. 119% 1199, 120%, 1203, 1205, 120%, 1209 amd rarr De Kalb Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. seer HOWARD & MORSE, Conn. | 20 arerray £¢., 3. ¥. MANUFACTURERS OF Holmes, Booth & Hayden.) pass, COPPER & IRON WIRE CLOTH, POPE, COLE & Co. BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale SCOVILL MFC CO —_>_ BRASS + INGOT COPPE —<— weird Heavy Rolled Cl Cloth for Malt Kiln Floors. Wire Work, Wire Fence, Railing HINGES WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. | +1 Cakes, of uncqualed Purity and tonghnest | 95 park Place, 18 Federal St. , —, PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. Senatacteneny 2 oft Stade ROME IRON WORKS, Brass, Copper g German Silver, BUTTONS, ———s ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. CLOTH AND METAL. Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- DEPOTS FACTORIES, BRASS & COPPER WIRE, 2 419 & 421 Broome St., NW. Y. Waterbury, Conn. per and German Silver en 177 Devonshire St., Boston, New Haven, Conn, (In Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. : Cig Rage NewYork Civ. | COPPER & BRASS RIVETS BRASS & IRON fe tee era er ee AND BURNS. JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL, Ro York. DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO., wiasethatdasieds - German Silver Spoons, Importers of BROWN & BROTHERS. | SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOOKS, Kerosene Burners, &c. @order Garden Arches. &o. 2 Semicircle. No. 11 Square. Plain @arden Aroh. ABRAM 8. HEWITT, Pres, WM. HEWITT, Vice-Pres., JAMES HALL, Treas, E, HANSON, Sec. Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Copper, Wire, Zinc, Etc. 20.861 cn oer Fanon, 81 Chambers ~) Y. — Com. | OHN D AVOL aSonNs| == TRENTON IRON co., ar acu Brookiyn Brass & Copper Oo ||RRON AND “SF ERL WIRE. BRASS, COP P ER AND Ingot Copper, *’Spelter, Lead, Tin, THE NEW HAVEN Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, COPPER CO., | GERMAN SILVER |e __ SOLE MAKERS OF im Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, PASSAIC LING C0. POLISHED COPPER; “™""2""" Dura enna en se nantvarreure sc" | Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. a ALSO MANUFACTURERS AND FOR Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes DEALERS IN PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER . “ —_ —- adowe oP i ee Plans and Estimates for Suspension Bridges Furnished on App ication, Works and Office, TRENTON, NEW JERSEY. New York Office, COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 17 Burling Slip. Philadelphia Office, 21 N. Fourth 8t. ns eerie nnn nnnnnannnpeuernteeeeneeeteet mentee WIRE ROPE BRAZIERS & SHEATHING COPPER, |"""""*" SHANK, G TEMPERED SILVER PLATED, T TABLE WARE, in ricb Kettles, Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, &c. designs. 290 Pearl Street - NEW YORK.| GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. ee et 8 ie a oe ie. ESTABLISHED 1837. H. 8. CHASE, INCORPORATED 1876, Secretary and Treasurer. Waterbury Mfg. Co., WATERBURY, CONN., Brass Goods This Advertisement Changed Weekly. IOWA BARB WIRE CO., New York Office, 98 Reade St, Chicago Office, 89 Lake st. GALVANIZERS AND BRASS FOUNDERS. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, 111 LIBERTY ST. (24 Floor), NEW YORK. Geo. W. Prentiss & Co., HOLYOKE, BASS., HAZARD MFG CO WAREROOMS : S87 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK. Works: BARRE. FA. BRODERICK & BASCOM ROPE CO, Plated, AlsoGUN SCREW WIRE . Of all sizes straightened and cut to order. au { 6, aey COM rae ay 728 N. Main St, St. Louis, Mo. A. LESCHEN & SONS, Manufacturers of MANUFACTURERS OF THE EUREKA TREE & POST HOLE DIGCER. TAUFFE ER, MACREA ADY & 00., & FUL’ Baltimore. BAKER ®& HAMIL CON, San Francisco and Sacramento, Cal. WORCESTER WIRE CO., Manufacturers of IRON AND STEEL WIRE Lathyarn, Manila Rope. 3 & 005 N. Main *t., ST. LOUIS, Mo. Correspondence invited E. JENCKES MANFG. C0. ww. Ss. BsSsTEHY, MANUFACTURER OF PAWTUCKET, R. I., Bright Wire Goods, Belt Hooks, WI ne E C LO I 4 bey | RON, GALVANIZED — @ PINS, KEYS AND aa. | ie = stn ALL © Tarred For all Purposes. Wire Goods of all kinds a Specialty. Iren and Sse! E loth. ddles for E and Found Ceal . n ait Siete “A eS Trout helen Wit Wer ove "y descripth aA , WORCESTER, MASS. " w fare Once 65 Cnmber "+ 'NO. 86 FULTON 8T.,. ~NEW YORK, Hl eh and | ples, IF c. eulrivs¢ VCH | 16 = -OoF July 24, 1884. THE IRON AGE. 3 9 0. LINDEMANN & CO. CARY & MOEN, STEEL wins for all it puaeocs a os 5h SPRINGS of onary faserinton. Manufacturers of | WOU LLLP ELLE LLL / y f A\\ Japanned, Brass, | — + Revolving { Tin Platec z Flower Stand, Wrought-i -iron Fence. Chair. P —_ h, wd Won | we FRED. | MEYERS MANUFACTURING CO. * 4 COVING TON, Ky. Manufacturers of WIRE GOODS OF ALL KINDS, Wrought-iron Fencing, Cresting and Hardware Specialties, Send for Illustrated Catalogue. mm BIRD CAGES. oO mal inventors and patentees of . Bright. Metal Cages, Pconstructed without solder. ' _ 264 Pearl St.,| Va = - ee Sey NEW YORK. Market Steel Wire, Orineline Wire, egeedd 1 and covered. Also Patent Tempered Steel ——* Geetnar, ee on hand. ul #34, 936 and 238 West 29th Street, dt) aatinoandear cers [otsSaf] IRON AND BRASS RIVETS, Studs, Pins, Screws, &c., For Manufacturers of Light Hardware. BLAKE & JOHNSON, Waterbury, Conn. inne ST anon Se ae Wire Counter — LUDLOW-SAYLOR lala 00, sT. NOT om MO. E, WIRE CLOTH, WIRE ROPER, Counter Railings, Window Guards, Iron and Wire Fences, PLAIN AND BARBED FENCING WIRE. HH ees +444 AL ite = HHH rat MANUFACTURER OF BRASS, COPPER, STEEL AND IRON WIRE CLOTH Of Every Description. CLEVELAND. - - - - GHIO. Bevast2e0ee 1 1818, Incompcnara 1874. THE GILBERT & BENNETT MFG. rd ny Street, NEW YORK. Manufacturers of lron & Galvanized Wire Sleves and Wire Cloth, Power Loom Painted and Gal- Yanized Window Screen, Wire Cloth, Galvanized Wire Cloth for Drying Fruits, World's Galvanized Web Wire Fence, Galvanized Twist Wire Poultry Netting. oO Cambria Iron Co., JOHNSTOWN, " N\A Q& PENN. < a. * NEW YORK OFFICE, oO ™~\ 104 Reade Street, PHILADELPHIA OFFICE, Da 523 Arch Street. & FOR PRICES ON Factories, Georgetown, Conn, _ FLY TRAPS, DISH COVERS, THOMPSON McCOSH, President. JOHN A, McCOSH, Sec. and Treas, BARB WIRE “carrer. WIRE CLOTH, Scrub, Shoe, Whitewash and Other Brushes, NO DANGER OF CUT ADDRESS L BRUSH Mpegs oom. HINO HANDS Of THAR Dear INd CLOTHES. "ta Merrett pas ore < SAVES THE PRICE (N ° THE LIFTER MAN & WIRE GOODS CO., | fmm”) CHARLES A. OTIS, President. SAM’L ene Vice Presi CINCINNATI. THOS, JOPLING, Treasurer ee. Bf ee, on General Manager. rowwrusisss| THE AMERICAN WIRE COMPANY, DRAWERS OF DEWITT WIRE CLOTH C0.|""°* Ste, VW FR EE oomcnen 87 Chambers St., 708 Market St., TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE WIRE. NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, GALVANIZED, TINNED AND COPPERED WIRE. IRS STRALGNTENED AND CUT TO LENGTHS. Room 24, Astor H Room 2. 5 Commercial sal Nat Bank 93 Church Street, Corner Reade Street, New York. or ork. CLEVELAND, OHIO. ald COMPOSITE IRON RAILINGS. Brass and Copper Wire, en TE ee OL Farinas, asent, : au Send for Folding Gate Catalogue.” ——— KELLY STEEL BARB WIRE. Established 1819. ae pe TIMES EVERY DAY. Manufactured y Solely by [PATENTED.] Hawkeye Steel Barb Fence Co., BURLINGTON, IOWA. PATENT FOLDING IRON WINDOW GUARDS AND GATES. Can be extended and locked or protection, and folded away when not In use. MANUFACTURERS COMPOSITE IRON WORKS CO., HOWARD EVANS. sot OO MOLDERS’ TOOLS, FOUNDRY FACING, MOLDING SAND, FOUNDRY SUPPLIES, & J. A. EMERICK & CO., 1056 to 1076 Beach St., PHILADELPHIA. _—— Double Selvage, Painted Wire Window Cloth, WIRE NETTING FOR FENCING, POULTRY YARDS, &c., Wire Bope for Mines, Elevators, Cables and Transmission of Power, WIRE CORDS FOR PICTURES WINDOW SASHES, &¢., &¢. PATENT OFFICE. Barbs 3 inches apart stand in all directions, VWiELDING STEEL BARB, ACTING LIKE A NATURAL THORN. Lightest Weight per Rod. Painted and Galvanized. Only one Agent in each town. Address THaoRnN WIRE HEYDOGeH co., CHICAGO, IL. W. P, SUMNER, Puss. F. Rh. MINCKLER, Sxc’y, F. V. BRIESEN, National Wire &lroabe STON CAE, Decreases at on oe Sample Gate, with Griaidtaet, only $20. 82 and 84 Nassau Street, NEW YORK. AMERICAN AND FOREIGN PATENT S Solici romp d at the lowest rates. ched p -o ct; qnouhede suleapeiiiahic eadtents Detah: Beeiiet Gilt ui Gatae GA eemetteaentd be a HOLLOW CABLE MFG CO., Hornelisville, N. WY. We also manufacture extensively To Manufacturers Of | (our different sizes Wire Clothes Lines. Send for Circulars and Price Lists, IMPROVEMENTS IN Chamberlain & Miller, Westerm Agents, 89 Lake St., Chicago, Hil. J. E. BOLLES & CO.., Wire and Iron Works. Inventors and Sole Manufacturers, Detroit, Mich. ENTION THIS PAPER. ow A able agent wanted in each town, to whom liberal — ments will be offere THE AMERICAN BOLT & SCREW CASE CO. DAYTON, - = - OHIO, MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Revolving Bolt and Screw Cases. Ge" We are the only manufacturers of Bolt Cases and the only parties who make lists of Bolt or Screw Ce*os to suit stock of purchaser without extra charge. COMBINATION BOLT AND SCREW CASES TO ORDER. Sold by the leading Jobbing Hardware Dealers. Send for Illustrated Circular. All Cases guaranteed. Iron Iron Sh Roof we Vanes, Wire Inuminated Sidewalk Tile, Wire Counter ialings, Wire Clot Wire Cloth Chosse Fixtures, Casting Wire & ron Fences, Stable. Counter Suppate tawSend for Ostalogae. IX} Mention this Paper, ESTABLISHED 1848. INCORPORATED 1870. Builders’ Hardware, &¢.\ yay CagBLE EXCELSIOR WIRE MFG. CO, aiaes| 7eox staaen wav von= "|GAEDER, ADAMSON & CO. and sale of above Goods in this City. Sam- MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF ples, with lowest prices, solicited. ' Manufacturers of SAND & EMERY PAPER & EMERY CLOTH. B. D. WASHBURN & CO., Brass, Copper and lron Wire Cloth, Cround Emery, Corundum A rant. Glue o Ouriet! Hair, Hair Feit, & Foit AND BRASS AND COPPER WIRE ng for Covering Boilers, Pipes, &c., Cow Hide Whips. 5, FL Ne gnINn ee Oca? end Gane Govelaly abdiia Ge. scores: {PEEP ADELPMIA, 780 Market 8t.| BOWTON, 43 MUiik se, BOSTON. 4 THE IRON AGE. July 24, 1884, OGDEN & WALLACE, Marshall Lefferts & Co., 90 Bechman &i., Rew York Oity, MANUFACTURERS OF 85, 87, 89 & 91 Kim St., New York. lron and eees crengdacintonen on | Galvanized Sheet Iron, IRON AND NAIL CO., Cut Nails Hoop and ene Iron, d All sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel constantly | Galvanised Na iis, Galvanized Chain. Galvanised Lron S Fe | K E S n band, ® CORRUGATED SHEET IRON PIERSON & GO,, | rmseencec ramen Agents for Park Brother & Best B Best Re B LACK Di A MON B ove: =. Galvanized Wire Telegraph and Fence ; Galvanized rivanized Rod and Bar Iron, J. 8 SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, Planished Sheet Iron. NEW YORK. 24 To 27 WEST ST., Cor. Morris, SHEET IRON. | _ Patented March sth, 106s; Avril th, r073: STEEL TOE satis. New York City. Plate and 'l'ank Iron Sept. oth, 1873 ; Oct. 6th, 1874 ; Jan. x1, 1876. @ : : JOHN W. QUINCY & CO. Guaranteed fully equal illireapeete 10 he Extra Quality Homogeneous Steel C No. 1, C. H. No, 1, C. H. No. 1 Flange, Best Flange, Best Flange Fire Box, Circles. ro n & Stee sa saieeiiaeeiats an * iron Work Galvanized or Tinned to Order. COMMON & REFINED IRON, Price list and quotations sent upon application. oops, Kods, Scrolls, Bands, Ovals, Horse Shoe, Nail Rods, j Steel, &c. 98 William St., New York, Anthracite, Charcoal, Scotch and English Pig Iron. Tin, Lead, and Cur Nails, Kaget 0 West: IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, and at a much less price, FOR SALE by all the prineipal METAL DEALERS In the Large Cities throughout BOILER PLATE STEEL PLATES, all descriptions, Cut Nails and Spikes, Plate and Sheet ally. HARRISON&GILLOON Orders promptiy Aled from stock. RAILWAY AND ROLLING MILL = ani on hee See EO rn. | eee UNITED STATES, Iron, all descriptions, ; nd at their Offec, NORWAY IRON G8 Wall Street, NIZW ¥ OTA. | mre on nant, and oer fora the tonewteg:, | 111 Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. | SHOENBERGER & CO., "**ea."*™» ROUNDS. oseesssssssssoseeeeeee ,4ia,to;t0.| JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO.,| Wrougti ren enc SiS Sapper Competition, ase SYRACUSE MALLEABIE MALLEABL WH FELING N AILS Laughlin Nail Co., Junction Iron Co., W. Kk. ROSS, mM GENERAL AGENT. ower and Reaper Casting®! 97 Chambers Street, New York. and Carriage Irons a Manhattan Rolling Mill. ne J. LEONARD, W. B. BURNS, Proprietor, | 445 to 451 West St., 177 & 179 Bank St., NEW YORK, PENNSYLVANIA IRON WORKS Sanatesterer of eg HORSE SHOE IRON, Everson, Brown & Co.., ane ete Gteak Rods, Ovals, SECOND AVE., PITTSBURGH, PA Half Ovals and Flats. MANUFACTURERS OF " KEYSTONE ROLLING MILL, Limited. Light Sheet Iron. nies IRON WORKS, SYRACUSE, N. Y. AT Badoe + evcccesesevsesesocsése xX to 3x5 in. SCOTCH AND AMERICAN SPECIAL PRICES FOR LOTS. RDEN’S ne ormaoie cee! PLC TRON 5 “ULSTER,” “CATASAUQUA ” “A,R. M, Co.” SHAFTING, REFINED & COMMON IRON. No. 63 Wall St., New York. ‘|ULSTER IRON WORKS 66 7 Burden Best lron ABEEL BROS., - TELEPHONE CALL, “ NASSAU, 379.” 90 Broadway, New York. A. R. V WHITNEY & & CO,, Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co lron and Steel |canmenaz: & ENMENS Nos’ st, = “annie West Lake 8t., Chi , Ul. AGENCIES: FORE AGS Seat 00. Lauties, Merchant enene) G0) AND STEEL. BOILER PLATE. NORWAY STEEL & IRON CO., Homogeneous Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &c, &c. BAY STATE IRON CO., Tank, Boiler and Girder Anant for The Coatesville Iron Co. The Laurel Be Aza te ROLLING by a Plates. Beams. anaies, Tees, Rivets. £0 a _ GLASGO a Canipare ES NO in hn on DANIEL F. COONEY, Boiler Rivets. H. P MAIL CO 'S Steel Wine Nelle ROOFING SHEET Tite CHESTER PIPE AND TUBE co. BOILER. | PLATES AN AND "SHEET IRON, The Burden Iron Company oF eh dake 0 Gotting IRON made for eon a. ie ten. Ont ele & Comte. Prices quoted promptly upon application. wteeatuwnt. - tts - — - a. tion. : a cuts ae all iron made sent on cation at office. Please address n by mall Hudson Ste New York. Cc. W. Laavirt. Epw'p Cornine. BORDEN & LUVELL, 1 BROADWAY, Commission Merchants, |€.W. LEAVITT & CO.,""nxew® sons. 70 & 71 West 8t., RAILS, LO LOCOMOTIVES AND CARS. &, §. LOVELL, H. i PRERLAND, — SSW vORR. . i ALLENTOWN RC ROLLING MILLS GENCIES : 00) EMP CAR W Agents for the sale of PAKDEE CAR & MACHINE WORKS. Fall River Iron Co.’s Nalis, B. F. JUDSON, Importer of and Dealer in pista, tee Siacaym Brom Os., Jes}, Baller & Co. Troy, N. Y. ——— EGLESTON BROS. & CO. Co.'s celebrated Boiler Rivets; Hom Boiler and Fire-Box Places. 166 Sout 267 Front Stree! treet f NEW YORK CITY. BURDEN’S H. B. & S. ULSTER BAR IRON. CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON ROOFING & sna, Bonnell. nes & Co., MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO., 5 Dey Street, New York. YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. LEECH BURG IRON WORKS. BKIRKPATRICRN oe Co., Manufacturers of FIN SHEET IRONS, Bands, — & Rods, SCOTCH AND AMERICAN All sie and shapes tn stash. salines teas inetieh Geer Geer eeeee ter Gan, eon Re Borden Mining Company’s| BE? i g& Ir ON, |Am.& Eng. Refd lron,Common lron,&c| orrron, xo, 143 ries don, Pisteburgh, Pe vam As see ORES, Kesthtiieg, Fo. Cumberland Coais. Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO CHAMPION VOUGHT & witLiams,, OLD METALS. HANTS| ‘tresesioen” = MACHINERY. TIRE AND /$i7S%52setr Sts} NEW YORK pre ae ue Ha at amie Me SPRING STEEL. $$ w New WORK. Cf. Posting. No shar SeLMesa! is Ringers, 7<c. Rings, soc. too. Holders, 79¢, Huskers. CHAMBERS, BERING & QUINLAN. Exclusive Manufacturers Decatur, Ill. [w. A. IVES & Co., NEW HAVEN, - - CONNECTICUT S| THE NOVELTY ian DRILL CHUCK. CHESTERMAN’S METALLIC & STEEL TAPES, SURVEYORS’ LAND CHAINS, STEEL RULES, &c. IMPORTED BY WM. H. BELCHER. S98 Chambers Street, NEW VORK. Catalogues Bottom Rates. WM. McFARLAND, Iron and Brass Founder. AGENTS FOR HELLER BROS Clay Crucible Cast Steel. __- 388 Greenvice Street, NEW YORE. Wm. H. Wattace. Wau. Bispnam. E. C, WALLAcE. IMPORTED & AMERICAN PIG IRON. LAKE SUPERIOR CHARCOAL IRON, For Malleable and Car-Wheel Purposes, A SPECIALTY. TRENTON, N. J. GOOD and nd CHEAP. CHARLES HIMROD & CO. +2| Chilled Cast Wire Dies a Specialty. aaa CHICAGO AND DETROIT. Any size or style made at short notice, ONE DOLLAR. PASSAIC ROLLI cre eeeT CO» The New Haven ROLLED IRON BEAMS, BIT BRACE. Ohannels, Angles, Tees, ie ae Rivcted Work, Fits BD Bente isccnstructed =f Forgings, , u ab y new p - a PATERSON, N. J. Be myer aa piece of ee ee ES 3S os | eennnes| cut of onder 0 STR it’ fe the C U T N Al | S : SSS SSS POT = PEOPLE'S BRACK. “ae |THE JERSEY CITY GALVANIZING CO Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &, GALVANIZED MATERIAL OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. DOVER IRON CO’S SEEEES OS 28%, 308 SRARS @ateantaed Ghat trenton 2 Common. eon ta Refined, —- Gaeuen 3 Round, Square Band and BOILER RIVETS, se Boiler Brace Jaws, Socket Bolts, &c. A FULLER BROTHERS & CO., 139 Greenwich Street, New York. Corrugated Shest trem © Specialty, Galvanized. Black ané Painted. Irom Corrugated for the Trade. WORKS GREEN AND BAY STREETS, JERSEY CITY, N. i. OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE, 98 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK fs 2a iD ~ @ eet gh, \? stig” ad = ve 5 . z July 24, 1884, THE IRON AGH. HENRY LEVIS & CO., Manufacturers’ Agents For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and Shee Soa way ents, Old Ralls, axtes, od end Wheels’ bought and sold. No. 224 South Third St. PHILADELPHIA. 934 8. 4th St., Philadeiphia. Heavy Rails, Light Rails, Railway F'astenings, STREET RAILS. WILLIAM R. HART & CO., AMERICAN AND FOREIGN PIG IRON, SPIEGELEISEN, Steel Blooms, Crop Ends, Tin Plates, &c. ADDRESS: Cambria Iron Co,, Office, Works, 218 South Fourth St., Johnstown, Philadelphia, Pa. Pennsylvania. THE PHCNIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut t Street, P PHILADELPHIA. acturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. Largely WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, GIRDERS & k JOISTS, and all kinds of Lron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buil PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS ‘EYE BARS, and built up shapes fo Iron Bridges. REFINED BAR, SHAFPTING, and covery variety of SHAPE ITROR made to order. Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty Street. BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & OO., 19 Batterymareck St. ~ ALAN WOOD & CO, MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charceal Bloom PLATES «c SHEET IRON, ALSO LIGHT PLATES AND SHEETS OF STEEL, “No. 519 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. ted especially for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, — Took and Boat Imes Last, Stamping, Ferrule, Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Iron. 206 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia. 61 Pine St., New York, NEW AND CLD RAILS, BLOOMS, BESSEMER PIC, Crop Ends, Spiegeleisen, [ron Ores and Railroad Supplies Generally. AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR THE NORTH LONSDADE IRON & STEEL CO., Limited, Bessemer Pig tron, brand ‘* Ulverston ;” Malleable Pig Iron, brand et & yy MOSS BAY HEMATITE IRON & STEEL CO., Limited, Spiegeleisen, Crop Ends, &c. “ ” le Charcoal Iron and Also for “Lorn” Malleab as ALLEN & CO.’S Dinas Fire Bricks. LEA TEDE JAS. ROWLAND & C0., Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, 9290 North Delaware Ave., - PHILADELPHIA, ANVIL BRAND REFINED MERCHANT BAR IRON. Aico. the James Howland & Co, Kensington SY” Ratacat tom their Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Oultivator Steel; Skelp as specialty; also Rounds, Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop PENCOYD IRON WORKS. A.c P. ROBERTS c« CO., MANUFACTURERS OF BEAMS, CHANNELS, DECK BEAMS, ANCLES, TEES, PLATES, MERCHANT BAR. SHAFTING AND ROLLED OR HAMMERED AXLES OF IRON OR STEEL Office, No, 26 8, Fourth St., Philadelphia. _Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. J. W. PAXSON & CO., MOULDING SAND, 1021 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA, PA., MANUFACTURERS CHAROOAL FACING, LEAD FACING, XxX MINERAL, ANTHRACITE FACING, RIPDLES, SHOVELS, [XL FACING, SOAPSTONE, STEEL BRUSHES. THE ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILLS, Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. Genera! Office, 237 South Third 8t., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa. SHENANDOAH IRON, LUMBER, MINING & MFG. CO., MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERIOR COKE PIG IRON FROM NEUTRAL HEMATITE ORES. Also CHARCOAL PIG IRON AND BLOOMS FROM SAME ORES. Works at MILNES, PAGE CO., VA. JUSTICE COX, JH., & 00., Sales Agents, 294 South 4th St., Philadelphia, X MINERAL, Treasurer's Office, 132 WALNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA. res, Slugs, Limestones, Edward J. Htting, TRON BROKER anp COMMISSION MERCHANT, 92323 8. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pig, Bar and Rallroad tron. MOUNT SAVAGE “FIRE BRICK, The Allentown Iron Co. and the Greenwood Rolling Mill. vneee —— By 4 AND YARD DELAWARE ve CALLOWGILL connected by crack wi with re rellreed. Cash advances made on Iron. Jas. G, Linpsay. Tos, S. Parvin. = LINDSAY, PARVIN & CO., Successors to Litoyp & Linpsay, 828 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. Iron Ship and Bridge Builders’ Materials, Steel and Iron Shapes and Bars, Sheet [ron, Sheet Steel, Pig Iron, Muck Bars, Plate Girders for Bridges and Buildings. Contracts placed for Iron Structures, J. 0. RICHARDSON, No. 232 Dock St., Philadelphia, DEALER IN Pig Iron, Merchant Bar fron and tron Ores. Ethelbert W atts. Jos. C. Poulterer. StS eset WATTS & CO., ron Brokers and Comm Offices, No. = :.% me | ene * priia. =NTS FOR CORNWALL ORE BANK Co., ELL IRON ORES. VESTA FURNAC IRON CO, { M tA} PIG IRON, ESSRS. ERETT & POST Chicago and 8t. Louis, =f PIG LEAD & SPELTER. Correspondence Solicited. S. F. SHARPLESS & CO., Se'ling Agents and Commission Merchants FOR THE SALE OF Pig, Bloom, Plate, Bar, Scrap, Galwanised, Black, Sheet, Pipe and Railroad IRON, NO. 220 SOUTH THIRD ST., PHILADELPHIA. Charcoal Bloom and Pig a Specialty. L. & R. WISTER & CO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 230 So, 4th Bt., Philadelphia. AGENTS Kemble and Norway Foun. ry and Forge Pig Iron. Wyebrooke ©, B. Charcoal Pig Iron. Buchanan Red Short Pig fron. DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF SCRAP IRON, MORRIS, WHEELER & OO., IRON, STEEL & NAILS. WAREHOUSE and OFFICES, | SALES OFFICES 16th & Market Sts., 400 Chestnut St., PHILA. PA. PHILA., PA. New Work Address, 14 CLIFF 8ST. REUBEN HAINES, OCOHnEMIsT, 738 Sansom S&t., Philadelphia. Analysis of Ores of Iron and other Metals, Iron and Steel. Assay of Gold and ver Ores. Water Anal “ ag Manuf’ing and Househol TESTED JUSTICE OOX, Jr. CHARLES K. BARNS JUSTICE COX, JR., & CO., AGENTS FOR CHICKIES, CONEWAGO, MONTGOMERY ANI SHENANDOAH Foundry & Forge Pig Iron. CARBON prOuLine MILL CO., Limited, Best Quality Muck Bar. CATASAUQUA MFG, CO,’S Bar, Angie, Skeip and Sheet Iron. Shenandoah (Va.) Best Charcoal Blooms. No. 2294 So. Fourth 8t., PHILADELPHIA, JEROME KEELEY & CO., 206 Walnut Place, Philadelphia. SELLING AGENTS FOR CHARCOAL and ANTHRACITE BLOOMS, PIG IRON BAR IRON, SHEET IRON, STE ; ION GLAD. ‘STE is EL and E N RAILS an TE IRON ORES. FIRE BRICK, one — TOK Sams. 74 oe Iron and Orel c. xamin of Iron and Coal properties. a oe E. H. Wilson. A. Kaiser. J. B. M. Hirons, E. H. WILSON & CO., 330 South Third Street, Philadelphia. BROKERS AND DEALERS IN IRON AND STEEL. Correspondence solicited. J. W. HOFFMAN & CO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 208 Seuth Fourth St., Philadelphia, SELLING AGENTS, PINE IRON WORKS, Pine Brand Plates; GLASGO IRON CO., Plates and Muck Bars ; SPRANG STEEL a IRON CO. (Limited), Siemens- Martin (O; en-Rearth bes Universal and Sheared Plates, Angles an Shapes. JNO. L. HOGAN, RICH'D M. ELLIOT. HOGAN & ELLIOT, Iron Commission Merchants, 411 & 413 WALNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, Foundry, Forge and Bessemer PIG IRON, Blooms, Muck Bar, Skelp Iron, Iron Ores. Spiegeleisen, Old Rails, Wrought and Cast Scrap. AGENCIES : Brier Hill Iron and Coal Co., Pig Iron Mount Hope Special Strength Charcoal Pig Iron. Connellsville Coke. Correspondence solicited. ANDOVER PIG IRON, FOR BEST MILL PRODUCTS. Andover Ohill Iron for Oarwheels, oc. Each pig marked exact chill depth 1 inels, A. Whitney & Son's untae ton % F. A. Comiy, Treas. J. Wester emma Agent. 407 Walnut &., PHILADELPHIA. J. J. MOHR, Sole Agent for Sheridan, Leesport, Temple, Lynchburg, Millcreek and Mt. Laurel FOUNDRY & FORGE PIG IRON, CHARCOAL PIC IRON. 430 Walnut t., PHILADELPHIA, PA. CHAINS, BRADLEE & CO. EMPIRE CHAIN WORKS, $16 Richmond 8t., ~ - PHILADELPHIA, Chains for Foundry Cranes and Slings. ‘‘D. B. C.’’ Special Crane Chain. Steel and Iron Dredging, Slope and Mining Chains. Ship’s Cables and Marine Railway Chains. CUMBERLAND NAIL AND IRON 6O., MANUFACTURERS OF “Cumberland” Nails and Wrought Iron Pipe, 48 North Water Street and 44 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA. J. TATNALL LEA & CO., Successors to CABEEN & OO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, No. 4200 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. BESSEMER, MILL AND FOUNDRY PIG IRON, SKELP IRON, MUCK AND SCRAP BARS NATIVE AND FOREIGN ORES. AGENTS FOR CONNELLSVILLE COKE. Rods, &c. LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR-WHEEL TIRES Manufactured from the celebrated OTIS STEEL BRAND ¢ STANDARD ¢ Quality and efficienc a fully guaranteed. Prices as low as any of the same q Light Forgings, Driving and Car Axles, Crank Pins ity. We manufacture ote THE STANDARD STEEL WORKS, Werks at LEWISTOWN, PA. - 220 8. 4th St., Philadeiphia, Pa. BOOTH, CARRETT & BLAIR, ANALYTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMISTS, 919 and 921 Chant St. 10th St. above Chestnut St.), Philadelphia, Pa. Established in 1836, Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys of all kinds. A special department fer the ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, apparatus and appliances fer the id sis Lron Clays, Fire Bands, EN here ST Tere and Price lists on accurate analysis of Iren, Negotiable am. Having been freque ntly called upon for information on legal points connected with the meeting and indorsing of notes and like instruments, we have referred the whole subject to counsel, and have pleasure in printing the following article on the subject, which, we think, will be found to cover most of the points concerning which doubts are likely to arise in the minds of busines men : Negotiable paper is a device by which credit is made to take the place of money, and the extent to which it is used in the mer- cantile world makes it essential to understand the leading principles which govern its use and validity. Negotiable paper consists of bank notes, United States Treasury notes, bills of exchange, promissory notes, checks, &c Money in reality refers merely to gold and silver coin. Every form of currency is merely a substitute for this, and the value of such currency depends upon its easy and rapid convertibility intomoney. The green- back is the promissory note of the United States, and varies with the credit of the Government. Sothe bank bill is the prom issory note of the bank, and depends upon the credit of the bank, modified, of course, by our banking laws, by which the circulation of the bank is secured by the deposit of United States bonds. The only real differ ence between such paper, which is popularly called money, and the promissory notes of private individuals, is in the greater stability of credit which belongs to the former class of paper, and ordinary bills and notes are valuable in proportion as they approximate this stability. When any person is sued on a promissory note, either as maker or indorser, there are certain objections or defenses to the action which he may urge as reasons why the other party should not recover against him. These defenses are called in legal parlance legal or equitable, deriving their names from the courts in which formerly they could be pleaded, legal defenses being those appro- priate to a court of law, and equitable de- fenses those confined to a court of equity. With the abolition of the old system of courts which has taken place in most of the States this distinction ceases to be important. But there still remains a great and vital differ- ence. A legal defense is one which goes to the very life of the note and makes it abso- lutely void, and can be urged by any party on the note against any holder who sues him, whether he has paid a valuable consideration or not. An equitable defense is confined generally to the original parties to the note, and if the note be transferred by the payee before maturity to a purchaser for value without knowledge of the circumstances, such as want of consideration, which make the note valuless between the original parties, the purchaser may enforce the note against the maker or prior indorser, notwith- standing those circumstances. The legal defenses are infancy, the fact that the maker is a married woman or a lunatic, or a confirmed drunkard in charge of a committee judicially appointed for that purpose, or a corporation without power by its charter to make the note, alteration of the note after delivery, forgery and usury. The principal equitable defenses are want of consideration, fraud, duress or compulsion, or mistake. The maker cannot excuse himself on any of these grounds from paying the note to one who has parted with value for it, and who is ignorant of these circumstances, but he can set it up against the payee. ALTERATION. Any material alteration of a note or draft is fatal to its validity. The alteration, how- ever, must be made by one who is a rightful holder. For instance, a change of the amount of the note, or, as in one case, the addition of the words “ with interest,” if made by a party.to the note, renders it ab- solutely void. Suppose a note to be made for $1co0, and delivered to the payee, who raises the amount to $10,000, and procures the note to be discounted. It is eae that the bank could not hold the maker liable for $10,000. The question then is, Cannot the bank collect the $1000 for which the note was originally made? The decisions are uniform that it cannot, as the alteration makes the note entirely void, and the bank has no contract with the maker independent of the note. When the alteration, however, is made by a thief or other wrongful holder, the note does not become void. In an Eng- lish case a distinction was taken between alteration and spoliation, the latter being the act of a person who is not a party to the note or who did not come into possession of the paper in the ordinary way. Under these circumstances the bank or individual who pays the thief will, of course, lose. The true owner of the note may reclaim the note and sue the maker and indorsers on the original note. Alterations must be material, and the following late cases presént instances of what is material : When a note is payable with interest generally, and is altered so as to make interest payable semi-annually, it is ma- terial, and makes the note void even in the hands of holders in good faith—Dewey vs. Reed, 40 Barbour R., 16. In another case, the words “‘ to the order of” were stricken out, and ‘‘or bearer” were inserted. This was material—Barth vs. Powers, 56 New York, 22. The payee of a note made by a married woman added to the note the words ‘*T hereby charge my separate estate,” which form of language before the statute passed by the New York Legislature this _—s was in general necessary to bind the the property of a married woman. In this particular case such a form had not been necessary, for the reason that the note had been given for a debt contracted in the sepa- rate business of the married woman, and for her own benefit. Yet this alteration, being made without the knowledge or consent of the maker, was deemed material, and the note was void. Striking out the name of one of several payees of a note, even without any fraudulent intent, is sufficient to avoid a note. Alteration of the date is also suf- ficient, as in the case of Rogers vs. Vosburgh, 87 New York Court of Appeals Reports, 228, where the note was dated April 1, 1872, and was changéd to April 1, 1873, thus postpon- ing the period of payment one year. The addition of the word “surety” after the name of an indorser is sufficient. The maker of the note uiay alter the note, and 6 THE IRON AGE. July 24, 1884. ~-2 Ex RT RPITEz AT. JANSEN HERNSHEIM & CO. WROUGHT IRON A. HEX. McNIELA. fos, $8 Bites Pubs tear Volk. Bo} BURLINGTON, N J. ‘STEEL RAILS, BLOOMS AND wire rops,/BOller Tubes, Bessemer, Scotch and Charcoal Pig Iron, . FERROMANCANESE SPIECEL IRON, SCRAP IRON, &c., &c. Steam, Gas and Water Pipe. Qil Well Tubing, Casing and BRITTON !tRON AND STEEL CO., AANUTACTURENS OF LINE PIPE. IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE, ; Tank, Bridge and Ship Plates, Cotton Presses, Forgings, BLACK AND GALVANIZED SHEET IRON. ROLLING MILL AND Works foot of Wason St., cor, L. S. & M. S. R. R.. CLEVELAND, O. CHARMS HUBBARD, |“enera! Machinery. ST TRON PIPES, mui “FTEEQI,.| wxanme exo mom |READING IRON WORKS cAasT IRON PIPE 9 “CHARCOAL” PIG IRON, “MAIDEN CRFEK” and ‘NEW RIVER MINERAL” BRANDS. 261 S F rth St Phil d hi : . Fou 1 Philadelphia. FLANGE PIPES. “YOM MIpunoy jelauay FOR WATER AND CAS. FAVORITE BRANDS OF SCOTCH PIC IN STOCK AND TO ARRIVE. aS eee ee Old Car Wheels, Best Brands. 46 OUG Street, New York City. y ———— — ’ PITTSBURGH, PA. ) ) THOMAS CC. BURRO WW Ss, ° , Agent for Jas. R. Thompson & Co., MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF Manufacturers ot Sone” a "ES a Of All Descriptions, WAREHOUSE, 99 and 101 JOHN ST. NEW YORK. CALUMET IRON & STEEL CO., MANUFACTURERS OF OPEN HEARTH STEEL, PIC METAL, MERCHANT BAR, IRON AND NAILS, on OPEN HEARTH STEEL CASTINGS FOR AILROAD, MACHINERY AND ACRI- CULTURAL PURPOSES. Offices, First National Bank Building, Chicago, Il. t Works at Cummings, Cook County, Ill. HAMMERED AND ROLLED STEEL... Warranted Equal to an Produced. BEST REFINED TOOL CAST STEEL For Edge and Turning Tools, Taps, Dies, Drills, Punches, Shear- Knives, Cold-Chisels and Machinists’ Tools generally. SAW PLATES " ‘Sheet Steel For Springs, Billet Web and Hand Saws, Shovels, Cotton Gin Saws, Stamping Cold, &c., &c. SIEMENS-MARTIN (Open-Hearth) PLATE STEEL FRANKLIN S. MILES, Brass, Iron, Steel and German Silver SCREWS, 205 Quarry Street, Philadelphia. 0 3. com Pe rides DC. BRADLEY Pree and Gen'l Man. J. M. BROWN, Sec’y & Treas. fF For Bollers, Fire-Boxes, Smoke-Stacks, Tanks, &c. sosnesnosiscuneptetnenareiierectiemtaiaieeiaatttadiaeiadhii itive Don tl Tard at he a eae All our and cues _ being rolled by a Patented Improvement, is unequaled for Grove Dt a Nm ‘ace finish and exactness ROUND MACHINERY CAST STEEL ,G vier & Co, Limite, JAMES P. WITHEROW, ! For Shafting, Spindles, Rollers, &c., &c. ; ; File, Fork, Hoe, Rake, R. R. Frog, Toe-Oath, Bleigh-Shoe and Tire Btesl, Be. j Makers of Engineer & Contractor, pring } PITTSBURGH, PA. Iron pet Cote Flow Stes . Stocl Rte | Agricultural Stcel cut to any patiern desired. wt Open Hearthr Steel Plates, Agent for the cottd Bott Center ” Cast Plow _ Se PO mane te « WH ITWE L L For Locomotive and Maxine Boilers, Ship and Represented at 343 Pear! & 18 Clif Sts., New York, i ede Wea, 417 Commerce &t., Philadelphia, by HOGAN & SON, General Agents for Eastern and New England States, THE MIDVALE STEEL COMPANY, CRUCIBLE AND OPEN-HEARTH STEEL. TIRES and ASLES Banh Bate, Spring, Tire Machinery, — |HOT BLAST STOVES Agricultural Steel, &e, 4 OVER GOO IN USE. Office : The following either bave them ip use or 330 Walwut Street, - Philadelphia. “fearon Ee XY ro} 7 OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. sgcsse ' ; j rug : aii: Furnace and Mills, Dawwille, La. 4 wgttat et Pe lets ="| STANDARD STEEL CASTING CO = Bai " ar aod 5 mii THURLOW, PA., a <Et|\Open Hearth and Crucible KS = SS # re i saeeee STEEL CASTINCS. dee Tool, Machinery and Spring Stee! te CASTINGS made to any Pattern weighing from a fraction of a pound up to 20,000 pounds. 2 28s Castings and Forgings. QUALITY EQUAL TO STEEL FORGINGS WORKS AND MAIN OFFICE, BRANCH OFFICE, Can be Bent, Welded or Forged. Nicetown, Philade!phia, Pa. 333 Walnut St.. Philadelphia, Pa. STEEL INGOTS, Best Stock, Furnished to Order. Ship Patterns direct to Thurlow, Pa., via. P. W. & B. R. R., or via. P. & R. R. R. We are prepared to make all kinds of Heavy or Medium Weight STEEL CASTINGS OPEN HEARTH METAL. . asa We wish to give special attention to making Cast Steel Rolls of all sizes, Mill crac sor Weta Sane. ararigs wees c eads, Shafts, Geari h Cast Steel itabl Also ha fer these endl Meeieg Weadeb oti eh Gress BALL ENGINE CoO., "Being desirous of securing « share of ublic patronage, we will endea to product equal in quality to any in the market. wan to male Gur ERIE, PA. MACKINTOSH, HEMPHILL & CO., Limited,| CARRIAGE HARDWARE. LARGEST LINE OF PITTSBURGH, Fa. WROUGHT CARRIAGE FORGINGS FOR STEEL CASTINGS. eee ee oe Send for Catalogue and Discount Sheet. We are licensing steel Companies for the f Steel Castings. Reference ap 4 be had d.to the Gsie Ieee ee Ss The E. D. CLAPP MFG. co., Co., Cleveland, Ohio ; & Co, Newark, N. J., and the AUBURN, N. Y. calorie Rese Wossesenee case, aes © mamiactarng COWING STEEL CASTING CO., COLD ROLLED Stee! Figures CLEVELAND, ONTO. and Letters. SEND FOR CIRCULAR. Bellows & Dickey, “THE FRANKFORD STEEL WORKS, STEEL FORGINGS, NONPAREIL TOOL STEEL, MACHINERY STEEL. FRANKFORD, PHILADELPHIA, PA.” ESTABLISHED 1847. A. WHITNEY & SONS, PHILADELPHIA, CHILLED RAILROAD WHEELS For every kind of service, including Street, Mine and Lumber Tramways. Wheels furnished {n rough bored or on axles. Chilled castings made to order. PENNSYLVANIA STEEL COMPANY, Steel Rails, Frogs, Crossings & Switches. Forgings for Piston Rods, Guide Bars, Wrist Pins and Machinery Pwrposes. $< PEN To 7 STEEL COMPANY, 208 a rest Sian | Philadelphia, D. SA U iv b t RS’ s Ol NS S MANU THE “VULCAN” SHUTTER voerer ee OF 145 Seneca St., Cieveland, 0.