The Iron Age 1883-12-20: Vol 32 Iss 25

’ KNIVES lass. AND LES. quote the my othe: rice list. ALS r makers, sard). The Iron Age INDEX TO READING MATTER, PAGE 30. A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by Davin Writs, Vol. XXXII; No. 25. Progress of the English Working Classes in the Last Half Century. Mr. Robert Giffen, of the British Board of Trade, delivered, on the 2oth ult., the in-| augural address of the soth session of the Statistical Society, of which he is president, selecting as his subject ‘‘ The Progress of the Working Classes in the Last Half Century.” In the course of his remarks, says the Lon- don Times, he said he intended making use of the record of wages which had been main- tained for many years in the miscellaneous statistics of the United Kingdom, and pre- viously in the volumes of ‘‘ Revenue and Population Tables,” which Mr. Porter, of the | Board of Trade, one of the founders of that suciety, commenced about 50 years ago. In all cases where he had found it possible to make a comparison from the apparent similarity of the work, there was an_ enor- mous apparent rise in money wages, ranging from 33 to 85 percent. This understated, he believed, the real extent of the change. It is obvious that in all cases there was a very great rise. While the money wages of the working classes had in- creased the hours of labor were diminished. He was inclined to say that this diminution was very nearly 20 per cent. The workmen of to-day received from 30 to 100 per cent. more money for 20 per cent. less work; in round figures, he had gained from 50 to 100 per cent. in 50 years in money return. While his wages had advanced, most articles he consumed had rather diminished in price, the change in wheat being especially re- markable, and significant of a complete revolution in the con- dition of the masses. The in- creased price in. one or two articles—particularly meat and house rent—was insuflicient to neutralize the general advan- tages which the workman gained. Meat formerly was a very small part of his consump- tion, and, allowing to house rent a much larger share of his expenditure than it actually bore, the increase in amount would still leave the workman out of his increased wage a larger margin than he had be- fore for miscellaneous expendi- ture. There was reason to be- lieve also that the houses were better, and that the increased house rent was merely the higher price for a superior ar- ticle which the workman could afford. Concerning changes of prices of commodities, there seemed to be little doubt that things were much the same as they were 40 or 50 years ago. This was the general effect of the in- quiries made as to the first de- preciation of gold consequent on the Australian and Califor- nian gold discoveries, and next the appreciation of gold which had occured within the last 20 years consequent upon the new demands for gold which had arisen, and the falling off in the sup as compared with the period between 1850 and 1860. On the whole, the sovereign goes as far as it did 40 or 50 years ago, while there are many new things in exisience at a low price which could not then have been bought at all. If, in the interval, the average earn- ings of the working classes had risen between 50 and 100 per cent., there must have been an enormous change for the better in the means of the working- man, unless by some wonderful accident it had happened that his special articles had changed in a different way from the gen- eral run of prices ; but the fact was that on the balance prices of special articles were lower and not higher. * * ae * * The number of members of industrial and piovident co- operative societies in England | and Wales had increased from 90,000 in Es. CO.. 1862 to 525,000 in 1881; the share capital from £428,000 to £5,881,000; the loan capital from £55,000 to £1,267,000; the sales from £2,333,000 to £20,901,000; and the net profit from £165,000 to £1,617,000, Thus, it was apparent that in longer life, in increased consumption of the chief com- modities they used, in better education, in greater freedom from crime and pauperism, and in increased savings, the masses of the people are immensely better than they were 50 years ago. This was quite con- sistent with the fact that there was a residuum still unimproved, although ap- parently a smaller residuum in proportion | | to the population absolutely than there was 50 years ago. Discontent with the present should not make us forget that things had been much worse. But the question was | raised, Have the working classes gained in proportion with others by the development of material wealth during the last 50 years ? | Usually those who put this question had some vague idea that the “ capitalist classes,” as they were called, secured for themselves | | all the benefits of the modern advance in | wealth. The rich, it was said, were becom- jing richer and the poor poorer. At| | first sight it would appear that the enor- | |mous figures of the increase of capital which belonged, it was assumed, to the | capitalist classes, were inconsistent with |the notion of the non-capitalist classes | having had a fair share. He had previously | arrived at the conclusion that in the 10 years | 1865-75 there had been an increase of 40 per cent. in the capital of the Nation, and 27 per cent. in the amount of capital per head— oe <a MAMTA Na THE IDE i. e., allowing for the increase of population. Going back to 1843—as far back as was possible with the income-tax returns—it was found that since then the gross assessment had increased from £250,000,000 to £557,- 000,000, or much more than 100 per cent. in less than 50 years. Assuming capital to have increased in proportion, it was not to be wondered that the impression of a group of people called the “‘ capitalist classes ” getting richer and richer while the masses remained poor and became poorer shou!d be enter- tained. * * The error was | in supposing that the capitalist classes re- mained the same in number, which was not the fact. Those classes were far from sta- | tionary in that they received recruits from | | period to period—in other words, wealth, in | certain directions, was becoming more ing | | fused, although it might not be diffusing New York, T, hursday, December 20, 188 2: AUTOMATIC | vidual income of the working classes had itself as we would wish. In spite of an enor- mous increase of property passing at death between 1838 and 1881, amounting to over 150 per cent., which quite corresponded with the increase in the income-tax income, the amount of property per estate had not sen-i- bly increased. The increase of number of estates was far more than double—much greater, therefore, than the increase of pop- ulation—and yet the increase of capital per | head of the capitalists classes is, in England, ouly 18 per cent., and in the United King- dom only 14 percent. He came to the con- clusion that the number of owners of per- sonal property liable to probate duty had increased jn the last 50 years more than the increase of population, and that on the aver- age these owners were only about 14 per cent. richer than they were, while the indi- sana titMetd AAA Mn EIDE GINE Fig. 1.—Perspective View, <A 4h — & Fig. 2.—Rear Sectional View, ENGINE, MADE BY A. L. IDE, increased from 30 to 100 per cent. Assum- ing the aggregate income of the people as about 1200 millions now, and that the wages of workingmen are per head twice what they were, the aggregates in 1843 and at the pres- ent time would compare as follows : © 8 2 L Dg 543 =O |. 4 ESO BES i d 3 S S72 60s £2 | £ Bes 885 25 | Sy Sa «2 Se fa & £ £ Capitalist classes from capital. tees 19 10 210 110 Working income in in | come-tax returns. . . 90 180 90 100 Working income not in income-tax returns....| 235 620 385 160 cL) ra 515 1,200 65 130 ~ Thus the increase of what is known as HE IDE ENGIN “c working-class income,” in the aggregate was greater than that of any other class, being 160 per cent , while the return to capi tal and the return to what are called the ‘* capitalist classes,” whether it is from cap- ital proper, or, as he maintained, a return more in the nature of wages, had only in- creased about 100 per cent. At the same time, the cavitalist classes themselves had greatly increased in number. The conse- quent accumulation of capital was, in fact, one of the reasons why the reward for labor was so high, and the masses got nearly all the benefit of the great increase of produc- tion. If the objects really aimed at by those who talked of land nationalization and the like were carried out, the people who would suffer were those who received large wages. To effect what they intended, the agitators ‘ SPRINGFIELD, ILL. | must not merely seize on the property of a few; they must confiscate what were as much earnings as those of a mechanic or a laborer. The agitation was, in fact, to level down, to diminish the reward of labor- ers who received a large wage, because they could do the work the community required, the proof being that in a market without favor they got the wage, and to increase the reward of other laborers beyond what in the same free market the community would freely give them. Whether production would be continued at all if there were any success in these attempts, common sense would tell us. Those who had done some hard work in the world would, he was sure, agree with him that it was only done under the most powerful stimulus. Take away the rewards, and even the best would probably not give themselves up to doing what the INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS, PAGE 3. No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. 84.500 a Lear, Including Tostage. Stugle Coptes, Ten Cents. community wanted and now paid them for doing, but would give themselves uf either to idleness or to doing something else. The war of the land nationalizer and socialist was, then, not so much with the capitalist as with the workman, and the importance of this fact should not be lost sight of. EE The Ide Engine. The Ide automatic engine, made by A. L Ide, of Springfield, Ill., has of late attracted a good deal of attention among engineers, and its performances have been of a de- cidedly interesting character. Our engrav- ings illustrate in a very complete manner the characteristic features of the construc- tion, and also show the general appearance of the engine when running. The machine itself belongs to the high-speed class, and has an overhung cylinder and curved bed-plate, with the usual disk-crank. As will be seen from the sectional drawings, the details have been well planned and the arrange- ment of parts worked out in a satisfactory manner. Many novelties of construction have been introduced which are highly commendable. Its feat- ures, though by no means copied from any other engine, remind us of the Hartford automatic, the Porter-Allen and the Cor- liss, but, as will be seen at a glance, very decided changes have been made and wide de- partures from the practice of either of these. The top of the frame is horizontal and is carried from cylinder to pillow- block of the full pillow-block width. A vertical web, a sec- tion of which is shown in Fig. 5, connects the upper and lower portion of the frame, and forms a very stiff girder. The guides themselves are included in this portion of the frame and are finished by boring out. The forward cylinder head, with its stuffing-box, is held between the top of the cylinder and flange of the frame by bolts. The main pillow-block has its cap put on at an angle, a construction which, with the greatest simplicity, gives an adjustment very nearly in line with the greatest wear of the parts. Following the practice of our best engineers, the shaft, which is of steel, is babbitted in place. This gives a very durable and satisfactory bear- ing, and has been used in some of the best high-speed engines. Mr. Porter has used it repeat- edly, and his experience with it has been most satisfactory. Referring to Fig. 6, one will at once be struck with the fact that the disk-crank is overhung just as little as possible, re- ducing the strain on the crank- shaft to a minimum. The fly- wheel is brought as close to this bearing as the thickness of the eccentric and the automatic governing arrangements will permit. The outboard pillow- block has its box also cut at an angle. It is formed of a plain box casting, bolted to a separate foundation. The designer’s aim in this engine has been to obtain as great an economy as is expected from much more complicate automatic engines, and at the same time make the construc tion sufficiently simple to enable it to be placed in the hands of comparatively inexperienced engineers. The portions, there fore, to which the reader’s at tention is naturally called are the governing mechanism, the ar rangement of the cylinders, its valves and ports. ‘The gen eral form of cylinder, piston and valve shown in the section in Fig. 2. The valve is of the hollow-piston type, placed directly beneath the cylinder, so as to drain it from water, and is driven by a rocker-arm and a swinging eccentric, as is shown in Fig. 2. In the latter figure the exterior surface of the valve is shown and a part of the eccentric mechanism is broken away. Fig. 5 gives the construction of the cylinder and cross-section through the rock-shaft, showing its and bearings. The construction of the cylinder has some peculiarities. The valve works in a pair of steel bushes, which are forced into holes bored in the steam-chest, which is itself cast on the lower side of the cylinder (see In order to make a successful pis Mili” 1s connections Fig. 2) ton-valve, as most of our readers know, it is necessary to have it approximate as nearly as possible to what its name indicates—in other words, it should become a piston in a cylinder rather than a plug ina hole. The use of steel bushes for this purpose enables (Continued on Page 5.) THE IRON AGE. December 20, 1883 —_——>>=—>——————EeE_——~—~—~—~—~—~x<x~x_=E&E=EEE—EeE——————— The Pp | ume & Atwood PHILIP L MOEN, President and Treasurer. CHAS. F, WASHBURN, Vice President & Secre; Mfg. Company, WASHBURN a a Peace af MANUFACTURERS OF Established 1831. ce _ MARS. Phelps Building, NEW YORK, je ee. EE) SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, BRASS AND COPPER Waterbury ‘hie Co. German Silver and Gilding Metal, Catia. Ssensoo. Copper Rivets and Burs, es Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, Copper Electrical Wire, Pins, = CERMAN SILVER, a on Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, i ie ’ BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, COPPER RIVETS AND BURS,| Kerosene Burners, BRASS KET1LES, Lamp Trimmings, &c. “Sd : Door Rail, Brass Tags, 18 Murray Street, New York. ANSONIA BRASS & COPPER CQO., No. 19 Cliff Street, Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms. PURE COPPER WIRE Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Phosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. PERCUSSION CAPS, 13 Federal Street, Boston. ANSONIA * REFINED POWDER FLASKS, 109 Lake Street, Chicago. on Rolling Mill, Factories, MANUYACTURERS OF Ne en er ccete, | THOMASTON, ct. | WATERBURY. C./TEFRONW and STEHT. wiRk. And small Brass Wares of a7 Description. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. ae Steel Barb Fencing, Patent Steel Wire Bale Ties. Sole Agents for the 5 id It B Co WIRE Round Iron, Rivet ity, 3-16 in. to in., cut te any length. Owners and rt- | sive Operators of the PATERT CONTINUOUS ROLL > exclu PHELPS, DODGE & CO.,|capeweu mtg. co.’stine orsport-|DIIOG EPO DIASS GOs, ssi sian ketene cen Site tetanic he Berean iit: 1D ing Goods. MANUFACTURERS OF and Chain Wire. Wire for the Tmanufact ture of ‘Card Clothing, Heddles, Bolt. Bere ovate Wee DEPOTS, Millis At Tinned Broo —y mein pans Tinned- — Wire “ao = eu cular pure y is made of Clock, Machinery, Gun Screw and 296 Broadway, New York, | WATERBURY,| Sheet and Roll Brass, Grarel Sozing, Wyre, ane Metees Do te Semen foe parwonicr » from selected stamps of Norway Trou 125 Eddy St., Providence, R. |. Conn. Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, Wire furnished, eo Dey ee Iwantzed or Tin Plated. Wire furnished. Detroit Copper & Brass Seamless and Brazed Tubing, INCOT COPPER. IMPORTERS OF TIN PLATE, ROOFING PLATE, Sheet Iron Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zinc, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. Vit az Btraigntened and Cut to any length. Stee ¢ Linen finish eas Steel Musie Copper and Iron Rivets. Wire. Stee) Wire for Springs, Needles and Drills. Wire, Steal’ Win kept in stock, Rollin Mills OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRINMINGS, 4 ' LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, WAREHOUSES:: {New York, 16 Cliff, and 241 Pearl = “NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS.” HOWARD & MORSE, MANUFACTURERS OF THE “BOSS” TUBULAR LANTERNS. | The Boss, | Chicago, 107 and 109 Lake St. Particular attention peta to nn out Blanks ROLLED, SHEET & PLATERS’ BRASS |“ entering Nese coos coe a GERMAN OR NICKEL SILVER, Bridgeport, Conn. | 19 Murray St., N. ¥. No. El 1 d oth SCOV! LL MFG CO) % irice'sod German siver wie | Himes, Booth & Haydens, ' ee ee WATERBURY, CONN. pr BRASS, COPPER BOTTOMS FOR TEA KETTLES AND BOILERS. NEW YORE, eceuen: HINCES WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. Cor. Larned & Fourth Sts., Detroit, Mich. | 49 Chambers st. 18 Federal St. Manufacturers of all kinds of ROME IRON WORKS, brass, Copper & German Silver, Manufacturers of ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. ilding Metal, Cop- Brest, Cee > P| BRASS & COPPER WIRE, PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. DEPOTS FACTORIES, r and German Silver 177 Domi ee Hew, ot. ae Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. Rey “ee wkCit. | COPPER & BRASS RIVETS BRASS & IRON ~ < AND BURS. —e— . JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL, | Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York. Sine DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO.,| "ome, New York. a ee | oe ow Yor * Importers of —- , Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheetlron, Copper,| BROWN & BROTHERS, | SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, —— = oe Wire, Zinc, Ete. 81 Chambers St., N.Y. Waterbury, Conn,| __“@rosene Burners, &c. + ATE fy T LOOPED WI R FS 7 DICKERSON & CO,, Liverpoo, § NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF JOHN DAVOL & SONS, ; tenia FOR TIES AND CAN OPENERS, Cut any Length required, from siz to twenty-three inches. TRENTON IRON CO., Trenton, New Jersey. BRASS, COPPER AND Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co, THE NEW HAVEN Ingot Copper, "‘ Lead, Tin, COPPER co., | GERMAN SILVER Antimony, Solder & Old Metals cum |nannamsen=meenelDASSAIP TING CO! LE POLISHED COPPER) ““""™"™" narra _eaagilll af Unter Patent of Jamon Sent. rs | eo adace Brass & Conner Tubing Pure Spelter COOPER HEWITT & CO., {7 Burling Slip. as ALSO MANUFACTURERS AND — Philadelphia Office: 21 North Fourth Street. E. A. DEALERS IN PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND copper | Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes HOUSE BOILERS. warranted to stand 200 Ibs. AND ALL FINE WORK. BRAZIERS & SHEATHING COPPER, | een eee eveceen. Also for PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHAN SILVER-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in Neb Galvanizers & Brass Founders. Kettles, Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, &c. designs. 290 Pearl Street - NEW YORK.| GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen’ ‘Agents, eu IRE ROPE " A. C. NORTHROP, __ Geo. W. Prentiss & Co., pie ee So Wetertatm: Seas an s7 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK C NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS Works! WILKESBARRE, ra. _ FOR HARDWARE TRADE. This Advertisement Changed Weekly. Impe gx cto dren en Hom pcan oper arg agen Doone, Sere, Bead Onn end gree vinRaumates 00 pateuied artices, or or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and = : = 4 O W A RB A RK caf WI R a © O : ; wars , a Y P) BRODERICK & B ASCOM ROPE C E Bright, « Coppered, Annealed and in 87 Liberty St.. NEW YORK. 89 Lake St., CHICAGO. a wawopagruvemee of | Of all anes straightened end cut to order. GALVANIZED STA Pl FS alii ——— a _ — . "2 | BA E a 8 a = | We offer Galvanized Staples, manufactured by a patented process, at the lowest G. ] BRODERICK BASCOM ie ap ee | market price. Dealers will notice, on examining the Staples of other makers, that the ; galvanizing is cracked off where the staple is bent, which leaves them no better than Bra black staples. IRON WIRE ROPE, STEEL WIRE ROPE. ON THE “IOWA STAPLE” THE GALVANIZING IS AS PERFECT ON le ___ 748 &. Main St, St. Louls, Mo. THE BEND AS ON THE ARMS. HA Samples sent and price quoted on application. (lustre Also WORCESTER WIRE co., IRON AND STEEL YX A. LESCHEN & SONS, Manufacturers of GREAT BARGAINS IN NOVEL te 7. ‘New First-Class — Tools = o © Ss 6 3 _ = —+ oc Sc eee ee, Sp TET mag ty em E os a En nD nrg — eke OP ee =- “J Sold on 30 days’ trial t to res spo msible parties i : r : se 7 ze i S == = £ if de isos eS : co : ; 3 ae 2 = Earine Lathes ev in, swing, 6 and 8 ft. bed. | 2 = ’ . = : tngine Lathe 8 in. swing, 8 and ro ft. bed. - os For all Purposes. Engine L athes, 26 in. swing, 124% ft, bed. 1 pes . . , ‘kena For prices, cuts and descriptions, apply to WORCESTER, MASS. | 908 & 905 N. Main St., ST. LOUIS, ae Correspondence invited. JOSEPH B. REED, Cairo, Ill, ae o~ December 20, 1883. THE IRON AGE. —S=__c LL ————— 2 0, LINDEMANN & CO CARY & MOEN, =<f>} "’) STEEL WIRE for all purposes and STEEL SPRINGS of every description. Manufacturers of Japanned, Brass, Conductors’ i - Revolving =" Tin Platec Punch. Flower Stand, Wrought-iron Fence. Chair, Punch. and Wood THE FRED. J, MEYERS MANUFACTURING CO. COVINGTON, Ky., Manufacturers of WIRE GOODS OF ALL KINDS, Wrought-iron Fencing, Cresting and Hardware Specialties, Send for Mlustrate) Catalogue of 1883. $53 TX IRENE - Ka tune vo SA mn ‘Ss SNE Bd asc fe BIRD CAGES. on ee inventors nd patentees of . Bright PMetal Cages constructed without solder. 254 Pear! St., ee ‘* . , NEW YORK. Market Steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture a —- on hand, Send aie ora Ri ddie. = Nt 234, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, NEW YORK, ee ee Mocking Bird Cage wi IRON AND BRASS RIVETS, LUDLOW- SAYLOR WIRE 60. = S “s hs bs ~ > S > > > > ~ = = OL ILEL EL LLL MELLLLL ELE i VCR ULELLLLLLELALAA ELLA LA oe Te | 4 + Beeld ee he i doll yy sT. LOUIS, MO. Studs, Pins, Screws, &c., ti For Manufacturers of Light Hardware. 2 & BLAKE & JOHNSON, Waterbury, Conn. POPE, COLE & Co. “ones = S| iM poocncaseenen' = BALTIMORE WIRE, WIRE CLOTH, WIRE ROPER, Counter Railings, Window Guards, Iron and Wire Fences, 6 OPPER WORKS, Columbus, Ohio, Nov, 20th, 188.3. PLAIN AND BARBED FENCING WIRE. GAUTIER STEEL DEPARTMENT, 7 No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., ‘ THE GILBERT & BENNETT MFC. Co. Cambria Ir } eo, Have always on hand and for sale on Company, a | Georgetown, Conn., Joh t ’ Pe m INGOT COPPER, Gentlemen: ee During the past two years lron Wire, Sieves and Wire Cloth, Power Loom Painted Screen Wire Cloth, GILBERT'S R1vaL ASH SIEVE, Galvanized Twist Wire Netting. WAREHOUSE: 42 Ong Street, New York. WROUGHT IRON FENCES, FOR RESIDENCES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PARKS, &c., &c, Bank and Office Railing, Window Cuards, (2 IRON AND BRASS BEDSTEADS, -c=2 also Cakes, of unequaled purity and toughness. — we have used in our shops over 20,000 sets of your Tire Steel and have not had a single com- plaint against it. It welds easily, and is al- ways uniform in temper, We use it exclusively, and consider it the best Tire Steel made. MANUFACTURER OF Respectfully yours, Revolving Coal Screens, (Signed) COLUMBUS BUGGY CoO. Coal Yard Screens and Foundry Riddles, Wire Cloth of Fvery Description ale sie NEW YORK OFFICE: PHILADELPHIA OFFICE: For Prisons, Asylums, Hospitals, Jails, &c., absolutely vermin-proof. Carried in Stoc 104 Reade St. 523 Arch St, WIRE AND IRON WORK OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Cc - - - - ’ Send for Catal , stati ve ants, and we will mak timate. LEVELAND, OHIO. [No. 55.] s@™ Send for Catalogue, s ea ee seat. 1ake estimate THE E. T. BARNUM WIRE AND IRON WORKS, Bergen Port Spelter. DETROIT, MICH. U. &. A. MINES : WORKS & FURNACES, THOMPSON McCOSH, President JOHN A. McCOSH, Sec. and Treas. Lehigh Valley, Pa. Bergen Port, N. J. rs = = ae —= The only Miners and Manufacturers of CHARLES A. OTIS, President. SAM’L ANDREWS, Vice President. SAM’L A. SAGUE, General Manager. PURE THOS. JOPLING, Treasurer. JOHN C. ANDREWS, Secretary. LEHICH SPELTER THE AME RICAN WIRE COMPANY, high ° Prom Lenigh Ore. TRON AD ~OF EVERY Cartridge Metal and German Silver. __ STEEL DESCRIP DESCRIPTION Also manufacturers of BERGES FORT OXIDE Srxc. GALVANIZED, TINNED AND. AND COPPERED WIRE. Sugenter for Legume Pare on account of its body me Se High Grade and Fine Quality Wires a Specialty. BERCEN PORT ZINC CO. - 7 E. A. FISHER, Agent, 13 Burling Slip, N. Y. CLEVELAN D, OHIO. EDES, MIXTER & HEALD ZINC CO., J. A. EMERICK. HOWARD EVANS. MANUFACTURERS OF ge e po wr ean MOLDERS’ TOOLS, MOLDING SAND, = FOUNDRY SUPPLIES, Made from the Company’s Celebrated & J. A. EMERICH & CO., imperial Zine Mines. 1056 to 1076 Beach St., PHILADELPHIA, It is Soft and Ductile, and of very unusual strength. Is especially adapted for Cartridge Brase, German siiver and all Fine | ————— — = Work. ESTABLISHED 1837. re ae 1876. SALES OFFICE PLYMOUTH, MASS. H. 8. Cuase, Sec’y C. F. Pore, WORKS AND MINES c ee eee — - 7 7 . SS KNOXVILLE, SENN. Wate rbu r Mic. a. O. The above cut represents Preston’s Patent Braided Cable Wire Fence Rail, manufactured by the 5 HOLLOW CABLE MFG CO., Hornellsville, N. ¥. We alsc manufacture extensively ADDRESS ALL COMMUNICATIONS TO SALES OFFICE. G. M. HOTCHKISS & CO., “———" ‘Brass Goods.|C.W. & H.W, MIDDLETON, Brass, iron & Steel Keys.) Sem ecmarciere. Locksmiths’ ae Bellhangers’ Supplies, Exhibitions of eee at Peri. issh, Pare ond? iy Ayeed ond Model Se Noiseless Steel S F } L. p p E, N A [S$ CLARK, BUNNETT & co., Limited, IRON. ; HARDWARE SPECIALTIES. Late CLARK & COMPAN pe iy ait Ship Spikes. Original Inventors and Sole Patentees of (llustrated Catalogue Furnished on Application./ = W oiseless, Self-Coiling, Revolving Steel Shutters. Also Brass and Nickel Plated Fire and Burglar Proof Also, improved Ro.itine Woop Suvutrers of various kinds, and Patent AGENTS MeTALLic VENETIAN BLINDS, Suspender Buckles, Office and Manufactory, - - i62 * 164 West 27th Street Now York. NOVELTIES OF ALL KINDS, MADE EITHER OF MENDEN & SCHWERTE IRON AND STEEL WIRE WORKS, Allis Patent ‘ Steel “Buck Thorn hee Thorn” Barb Fence, WIRE SICNS, Root Cresting, FOUNDRY FACING, Casting Brushes, Sand and Coal Screens, four different sizes Wire Clothes Lines. Se nd for Circulars and Price Lists. WATERBURY, CONN. aes hamberlain, Coxe & Millar, Western Agente, 89 Lake St., Chicago, Ill, FOR SHEET METAL OR WIRE, A SPECIALTY. AT SCHWERTE, WESTPHALIA, GERMANY. “i ——— The largest Wire Works in the werkd, Make, on op eatin, STENE. AND IRON WIRE RODS of all Merrill Merrill Brothers, . mF MF HAM |MERS, EW, RIVET, NAIL AND CHAIN RODS, SPECIALTIES. FINE Le Oe j — oad aa bee a van ee oxo =, 26 First Street, FORGINGS and ST a ae worTMAWw & Bi OC ez BE Ft RECENT CRES 7S ytiam, cyyece & Moreh, Sorepd eget | BROOKLYN. N. Y. POWER PRESSES, 90 Beckman 8t., New York City MANUFACTURERS OF 85, 87, 89 & 91 Kim St., New York. lron and Steel Of every description kept in stock. Agents for Park Brother & Co.'s BLACK DIAMOND STEEL. All sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel constantly vn hand, PIERSON & CO,, Established 1790, 24 & 26 Broadway, 77 & 79 New St. NEW YORK CITY. Ulster Iron. All Sizes and Shapes kept in Stock. NORWAY IRON Hoop and a: ron, Grivanized Rod a For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted SHEET TRON. C No. Best Ridie Fire “Box, Circles. ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF Manufacturers of the best grade of Herse Shoe Iron. Also from hers e 1 Pig a are of Iron branded J. G uced by hammer. Orders wo J. 0. Street, New York. Oecd 6a occ cvcdiccsccisscevenees ¥ in. to 1 in. ROU ARE. cccce cccsesccesss cscece x“ in, to 1% in, j FLATS.. o> 50 «knee bein es 4x to 3x% in. SPECIAL PRICES FOR LOTS. ‘ ALSO GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF ‘ULSTER,” "CATASAUQUA ” "A. R. M. Co.” SHAFTING, REFINED & COMMON IRON. BANDS, HOOPS & SCROLLS, STEEL OF ALL KINDS. ABEEL BROS., 190 SOUTH ST, a 365 WATER &T.. { NEW YORK. TELEPHONE CALL, ** NASSAU, 379.” RAILWAY MATERIAL. $= | CGH WALL SFTRERTI, A. R. WHITNEY & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN rON!. Warehouses : i NEW YORK. JAMES SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON, No. 63 Wall St., New York. 56, 58 and 60 Hudson St., 93, 95 and 97 Thomas St. AGENCIES: PORTAGE TRON CO., Limited, Merchant Iron. eT To IRON’ ae Merchant [ron. Ne Rw 1..ON AyD STEEL WURKS, Homo- cman Steel Pla’ BA Beate IRUN « x. Tank, Boiler and Girder t BRANDYW pe. BOL. Ine MILL. Beller Plates. Sespe. )W TUBE WORKS, Boiler Flues. M. BYERS & ‘ 0., Wrought aoe Pipe. CARN ROlE BROS, Limited, Wrought iron Beams, Channels and Shapes. Bessemer Steel Shafting, Plain and Polished. WIRE NAILS, Plans and estimates furnished and contracts made for erecting Lron Structures of every descrip- tion. Books containing cuts of all iron made sent on application by maii, Sample pieces at office. Please address 58 Hudson St., New York. 90 Broadway, New York. 130, 132 & 134 Cedar St., New York, and Nos. 21, 23,25& 7 West Lake St., Chicago, Il. DEALERS IN BORDEN & LOVELL,. Commission Merchants, Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &c, &c. Agent for 9 Coatesville Iron Uo. The, ee Roll- 70 & 71 West St., Deama, dnstes. Tees Rivers, sor _— N. LL, f x GREENE, — NEW yYORK.|/ PITTSBURGH TOOL CO., Successors to ALKER & CROMLISH, Twist Drills, HReamers, MACHINISTS’ SPECIAL TOOLS, Machine, Agents for the sale of Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, Bands, Hoops & Rods, AND Borden Mining Company’s Cumberland Coals. ~ WILLIAM H. WALLAGE & €0., & W LRON ME RCHAN TS weeny Shoes and Horse Nalls, Tire | Cor, Albany & Washington Sts, NEW YORK OITY., Wa. H. WatLace. rews, Boiler Rivets, &e. P. 0. Box 1060, Pittsburgh, Pa. FACTORY : Tool Steel, Drilling Machines, &c. 288 Greenwich St., New York. Ww. BispHam. Largest manufacturers ef aes Koofipg in the world. facturers of all kinds of {RON ORE PAINT AND CEMENT. 152-158 MERWIN STREET, CLEVELAND, O. IRON ROOFING Crimped and Corrugated Siding, Iron Tile or Shingle, Send for Cireuler and Fire-Proof Doors, Shutters, &c . + ye Fam PASSAIC ROLLING MILL CO., Manufacture and have always in stock ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forgings, Eye Bars, £c. PATERSON, Room 45, Astor House, New York. CUT NAILS. Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. DOVER IRON CO.8 BoiIrLaR RIVvEetTs, Boiler Brace Jaws, Socket Bolts, &c. N. J. 132 Greenwich, Street New York. Galvanized Sheet Iron, Best Bloom, Best Refined and Oommon. Galvanized wire > en. and Fence ; Galvanized nd Bar Iron, Nails, Galvanized Chain. Galvanized Iron | CORRUGATED SHEET IRON Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common Plate and ‘'L'ank Iron, C. H. No.1 Flange. Best Flange, lron Work Galvanized or Tinned to Order. Price list and quotations sent upon application. ROME MERCHANT IRON MILLS, Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops. serolls, Ovals, Half Ovals, Half Rounds, memagen an or y be se’ pa ARPENTER, 0 our Agent, at 59 John WILLIAMSON & CO., ULSTER IRON WORKS. Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co CARMICHAEL & EMMENS IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE. Taps and Cy and Bridge Bolts, Set and Cap LIGHT MACHINE FORGINGS A SPECIALTY. Correr North & Irwin Avenues, Allegheny, Pa. VOUCHT & WILLIAMS, Spring, Toe Caik, Machinery and Bolts, Rasps, Files, THE IRON AGE. OGDEN & WALLACE, Marshall Lefferts & Co., OXF Oo RD Ww. D. wood "& COS IRON AND NAIL CO., 166 South St., 267 Front St.. Cut Nails SPIKES. J. 8. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. JOHN W. QUINCY & CO., 98 William St., New York, Anthracite, Charcoal, Scotch and English Pig iron. Cut Nails, ingest Copper, Tin, Lead, and als Generall y- lron Troy, N.Y. AND BURDEN’S H. B. & §. Bar Iron. HARRISON&GILLOON METAL DEALERS IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 558, «60, 562 WATER S8T., & 3¢2, 34, 3066 CHERRY ST., NEW YORK, nave on hand, and offer for sale. the following : Scotch and American Pig Iron, Wrought, Cas “Burden Best” Boiler Rivets. The Burden Iron Company | cess nasua, IRON AND STEEL co, Also Best Grades of 112 Joha St., »NEW YORK Actual Lathes for List free w American & English Refined Iron. All sizes and shapes in stock. EGLESTON BROS, & CO., ‘| NEW YORK CITY, FRANK L, FROMENT, NY “tI, Tp “ON BARNES’ Patent Foot and Steam Power j;Machinery. Complete outfits for Workshop Business. ood or Metal, Cir- cular daws, Scroll Saws, Formers, ».. ae trial if Geatred. Dese eave Catalogue and Price ) W. F. & JOHN BARNES, Rockford, No. 2046 Main St. B F. JUDSON, | importer of and Dealer in SCOTCH AND AMERICAN Pie Iron, Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, OLD METALS. a567 & 233 & 59 Water St., 35 South &t., } NEW YORK. | Manhattan Rolling Mill. J. LEONARD, 445 to 451 West St., 177 &179 Benk St., NEW YVORK, Manufartao of HORSE SHOE IRON, Toe Calk Steel, Rods, Ovais, Half Ovals and Flats. DANIEL F. COONEY, 88 Washington St., N. ‘BOILER PLATES AND SHEET. IRON, | LAP-WELDED BOILER FLUES, Boiler Rivet. Angie & T tro on, Cut o_ & Spikes | FULLER BROTHERS & Co. : se Bie eee te ork <3, L banc on Kolling Mills, Enester Cc ated Sheet tron a Special Galvanized, Black and Painted. Irom Corrugated for the Trade. ho By Ss da — dstimates furnished on application. Jos. L. Bailey & C Iron and Ste "s celebrated Boiler Rivets; Homogeneous Steel. : | Soiter and Fire-Box Piaces. t and| 111 Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. Machinery Scrap Iron, Car Wheels, Axles and Heavy Wrought Iron ; 9 - old Copper, Composition, Brass, ewter, Zinc, BURDEN’S ROLLING MILL HORSE SHOES. SHOES. = Roadster g/ Pattern. STEEL TOE CALKS, Extra Quality Homogene:us Ste: BOILER PLATE STEEL PLATES, all descriptions Cut Nails and Spikes, Plate and Sheet lron, all descriptions. SHOENBERGER & CO., **“rs‘"*" WHEELING NAILS Laughlin Nail Co., Mower and Reaper Castings JUNCTION IRON CO, Joint Yearly Capacity Over 600,000 KEGS. Manager Sales Dep't, W. K. ROSS, 97 Chambers Street. New York, KEYSTONE ROLLING MILL, Limited. Manufacturers of IRON Pittsburg@h, <- = -« Bonnell, Botsford & Co., lron, Nails & Spikes. Planished Sheet Iron. Patented March 14th, 1865 ; April 8th, 1873; Sept. oth, 1873 ; Oct. 6th, 1874 ; Jan. 11, 1876. Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, and at a much less price. FOR SALE by all the prineipal In the Large Cities throughout THE UNITED STATES, And at their Offec, SYRACUSE MALLEABLE IRON WORKS, SYRACUSE, N. Y. and Carriage Irons a Specialty. Ww. B. BURNS, Proprietor, C. W. LEAVITT, ‘sew Youn” NEW AND SECOND-HAND Ralls and Railway Equipment PIG and BAR IRON, OLD RAILS and SCRAP. General Agent ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILLS. Agent for PARDEE CAR & MACH. WORKS. F. W. JESUP & CO., Railway Supplies and Equipment. Ne. 67 Liberty St.. NEW YORK. STEEL LOCOMOTIVE TYRES, HOMOGENEOOS STEEL BOILER PLATES, Ag ARD: — AXLES, CRANK PINs, PISTON RODS, 8 IRON AND STEEL LOCOMOTIVE FORGINGS. CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON Girgies ROOFING & SIDING, Iron Buildings, Roofs, Shyttghes, Deore, bo &e. MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO., & Dey Street, New York. Pa. YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. GLENGARNOCK AND CARNBROE SCOTCH PIG IRON, tor spot delivery, and for prompt or forward shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore or New Orleans. For sale by JAMES LEE & CO., Sole Agents for the United States. 72 Pine Street, NEW YORK. 101 Milk Street, BOSTON, MASS. 170 Washington Street, CHICAGO. LEECHBURG IRON WORGKS. KIRKPA TRICK _& CO. ufacturers of all grades FINE: sHEET "IRONS, Refined Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, ao.) NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OFFIOR, No, 143 First Ave., Pittaburgh, Pa. WORKS, Lecohburg, Pa JAMES W. ROSS, IMPORTER OF AND FURNACE AGENT FOR SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON. ENT OF Bar Iron, Car Wheels, acaan Ralls and Railroad Supplies. WHITAKER IRON COMPANY, EELING, W. VA., MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET IRON, TANK AND FIRE BED, 36 DEARBORN STREET CHICACO. BIRMINCHAM IRON FOUNDRY, BIRMINGHAM, CONN. SHEA EHS, 10 CUT FROM 4-INCH ROUND OR SQUARE, TO HOOP IRON, WITH OR WITHOUT ie ATTACHED SQUouEBAEHERS, | ROTARY OR ALLICATOR. Chilled Rolls and Rolling Machinery Generally. NEW YORK OFFICE: 95 LIBERTY STREET. Joun J. SPowERs, President. ALEXANDER BURNS, Meneger. \THE JERSEY CITY GALVANIZING CO., GALVANIZED MATERIAL OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. GALVANIZING IN ALL ITS BRANCH Galvanized Sheet Iron—Best Bloom, Best Refined, y wy Sabeeieed 5 Round, Square Band and Hoop Iron, &c., &e. All Bizes All Gauges of Corrugation and | from a eee Sizes ee 1 to 5 inches. of Sheets. | WORKS GREEN AND BAY STREETS, JERSEY CITY, N.J. OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE, 98 JOHN STREET, NEW YOR? December 20, igg3 Decet™ = sien G RIC 119° F Ca wRO pATE REFIN! Plans é Order fank and X MEIN! XX ME IXL FA A Rails, | Riv ieneral Of SHEN SU] CHA Yorks at é st 188 co Pa ED nd mber 20, 1883. D ece THE IRON AGE. siemens’ Regenerative) MENRY LEVIS & Co., GAS FURNACE. Manufacturers’ Agents For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and RICHMOND & POTTS, Sheet Iron 1 General Railway 119+ Fourth st, PHILADELPHIA, PA. OW Rails, Axles, and ~ Cambria Iron and Steel Works. eels bought and sold 934 8. 4th 8t., Philadelphia The Cambria Iron Co., The Cambria Iren Co., enjoyed a reputation for more than a | having acquired the entire ownership of the ‘Ec of a century for fair dealing and excel) WIRE AND STEEL MILLS ¢ its manufactures, has now a capacity of Of the GAUTIER STEEL CO., Limited, will con- 50. 000 Tons of lron & Steel Rails tinue to produce all their specialties, such as Mer- chant Steel, Piow Steel, Wagon and Carnage And most approved patented Springs, Rake Teeth and Harrow Teeth, Agricul- n Railway Fastenings. nav tural Implement Steel and “ALL KINDS OF WIRE, sddress x Well-known for superior quality of material and CA M BRIA IRON COMPANY, aaie excellence of workmanship. ess >18 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia, GAUTIER STEEL DEPARTMENT, or at Works, Johnstown, Pa., Puiu EB. Cuapin, Gen’! Sup’t, Johnstown. or Lenox Snuth, Selling Agent, 46 Pine St., New York Warehouse, ro4 Reade St. New York, _ York. Philadelphia Warehouse, 523 Arch St. Arch St. THE PHCENIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, and built up shapes fo Iron Bridges. gEFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variety of SHAPE IRON made to order Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty Street. BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymarch St. - ALAN WOOD & co., MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanised, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charceal Bicom PLATE cw SHEET IRON. No. 619 Arch 8St., Philadelphia, Pa. rrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, apy eo Ferruie, Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Iron. Orders colicited expeciall fank end Bost 1708; ee, and Boat Iron ; alee lren, Steel & Nail Works, 920 North Delaware Ave., - PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of the ANVIL BRAND REFINED MERCHANT BAR IRON. Also, the James Rowland & Co. Kensington WS cut from their Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel; Skelp a specialty; also Rounds, Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop PENCOYD IRON WORKS. A. cw PP. ROBERTS cc CO., MANUFACTURERS OF BEAMS, CHANNELS, DECK BEAMS, ANGLES, TEES, PLATES, MERCHANT BAR. a = SS re ee ee: SHAFTING AND ROLLED OR HAMMERED AXLES OF IRON OR STEEL. Office, No, 26 8S. Fourth St., Philadelphia. Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. J. WW. PASSON co CO., DEALERS IN ALOULDING SAND, 1021 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA, PA., MANUFACTURERS CHARCOAL FACING, XX MINERAL, ANTHRACITE FACING, IXL FACING, SOAPSTONE, ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILL COMPANY, Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, . Fish ish Bare (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. ieneral Office, 237 South Third St., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa. SHENANDOAH IRON, LUMBER MINING & MFG. CO., MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERIOR COKE PIG IRON FROM NEUTRAL HEMATITE ORES. Also CHARCOAL PIG IRON AND BLOOMS FROM SAME ORES. orks at MILNES, PAGE CO., VA. Treasurer's Office, 132 WALNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA. Ww STICE | cox. sk. « oa.. sales Agent, 224 South 4th St.. Philadelphia. LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR-WHEEL TIRES Manufactured from the celebrated OTIS STEEL BRAND ¢ STANDARD Z Quality and efficiency fully guaranteed. Prices as low as any of the same quality, We manufacture Heavy and Light Forgings, Driving and Car Axles, Crank Pins, Piston Rods, &c. THE STANDARD STEEL WORKS, Werks at LEWISTOWN, PA. - 220 &. 4th St., Philadelphia, Pa. LEAD FACING, RIPDLES, SHOVELS, STEEL BRUSHES, X MINERAL, Office: - Edward J. Etting, TRON BROKER anp COMMISSION MERCHANT. 223 8S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pig, Bar and Railroad Iron. OLD RAILS, SORAP, &o. Agent for the MOUNT SAVAGE FIRE BRICK, The Allentown Iron Co. and the Greenwood Rolling Mill. oun oronass Myf rly YARD ARE AVENUE ABOVE CALLOWHILL STREET, connected by track with railroad. Cash advances made on Iron. Established 1837. A. PURVES & SON, Dealers in Scrap Iron, Metals and Machinery, Cor. South and Penn Sts., Philadelphia, Offer for sale, in lots to suit, Red or Yellow Heavy Scrap Brass ; ingot Brass, best qualities, Ingot Gun Metal made stric tly from Oid Cannon;8 eam Pumps, Shafting Pulleys, &c. Machinery an? Tools vari. us descriptions. Cash paid for Scrap Iron and Metals. Isaac V. Luovp, Jas. G. LInpsay. LLOYD & LINDSAY, No. 828 Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA, Brokers and General Dealers in Iron and Steel, Railway Equipments and Supplies, Rar, Plate and Sheet Iron, Pig Iron, Ralls and Fastenings, Muck Bars, Blooms, Boller Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe, & Old Rails and Scrap Iron. Florida Yellow Pine, cargo lots. No. 232 Dock St., Philadelphia, DEALER IN Pig Iron, Merchant Bar tron and tron Ores. Ethelbert Watts. Jos. C. Poulterer. ETHELBERT WATTS & CoO., Iron Brokers and Commission Merchant: Offices, no. 220 So. Tnird Street, Maia SALES AGENT CORNWALL ORE BANK CO. "7 ? CROMWELL IRON © IRON ORES. VESTA FURNACE, se MARIETTA FURNACES, § PIG IRON, Messrs. EVERETT & POST, } Chicago and St. Louis, '5 PIG LEAD & SPELTER. Correspondence Solicited. FLORENCE TACK CO. FLORENCE, MABSS., TACKS AND SMALL NAILS, GOODS MADE TO SAMPLE. Also,” Fine ae Iron Tack J . and Trimmers” use acks for Upholsters L. & R. WISTER | & co., lai COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 230 So. 4th St., Philadelphia. AGENTS Kemble and Norway Foun..ry and Forge Pig Iron. Wyebrooke C. B. Charcoal Pig Iron. DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF SCRAP IRON, ANDOVER PIG LKON, FOR BEST MILL PRODUCTS, Andover Chill Iron for Carwheels, £0. Each pig marked exact chill depth (4% 1 t inch), A. Whitney & Son’s ctamdand tant. on F. A. COMLY, Treas, J. WESLEY PULLMAN, Agent. 407 Walnut S., PHILADELPHIA. — EE MORRIS, WHEELER & CO., IRON, STEEL & NAILS. WAREHOUSE and OFFICES,| SALES OFFICES, 16th & Market Sts., 400 Chestnut St., PHILA., PA. PHILA., PA. New Work Address, 14 CLIFF 87. J. J. MOHR, Sole Agent for Sheridan, Leesport, Temple, Millcreek and Mt. Laurel BESSEMER, FOUNDRY AND FORGE P1G IRON, CHARCOAL PIC IRON. 430 Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA, PA. JUSTICE COX, Jr. JUSTICE COX, JR, & CO., AGENTS FOR CHICKIES, CONEWAGO, MCNTGOMERY ANT SHENANDOAH Foundry & Forge Pig Iron. CARBON ROLLING MILL CO., Limited, Best Quality Muck Bar. CATASAUQUA MFG. CO,’S Bar, Angie, Skelp and Sheet tron. | Shenandoah (Va.) Best Charcoal Blooms. No. 224 So. Fourth 8t., PHILA L4DELPHIA, | BLAKEY & WALBAUM, 206 S. Fourth St., PHILADELPHIA, 55 & 57 Pine Street, New York, GENERAL MERCHANDISE BROKERS SPECIALTIES NEW AND OLD RAILS, BLOOMS, BESSEMER PIG, Spiegeleisen Iron Ores'| AND RAILROAD SUPPLIES GENERALLY. Sole Agents for the United States for The North Lonsdale Iron and Steel Co., Limited. Bessemer Pig Iron, brand ** YLVERSTON.” Malleable Pig Iron, brand ** UY. H. M."’ N. B. ALLEN & CO.’S DINAS FIRE BRICKS. JEROME KEELEY & CO., 206 Wainut Place, Philadelphia. SELLING AGENTS FOR CHA1 COAL and ANTHRACITE BLOOMS, PIG ROR, BAh IRON, SHEET IRON, STEEL and IRON RAILS IRON CLAD STEEL RAILS and BARS, MAGNETIC and HEMATITE IRON ORES FIRE BRICK, COAL and ‘OKE. MUCK BARS. Handle Old Iron and Steel Rails, Scrap Iron &c. Examine and negotiate sales of Iron and Coal properties. E. H. Wilson. A. Kaiser. J. B. M. Hirons, E. H. WILSON & CO., 330 South Third Street, Philadelphia. BROKERS AND DEALERS IN IRON AND STEEL. Correspondence solicited. EDMUND D. SMITH. 147 So. 4th St., Philadelphia, BROKER FOR THE SALE OF ALL GRADES FOREIGN & DOMESTIC IRON ORES, Spiegeleisen, Pig Iron and Structural Iron. J. W. HOFFMAN & CO., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 2308 South Fourth St., Philadelphia, SELLING AGENTS. PINE IRON WORKS, Pine Brand Plates; GLASGOW IRON CO, Plates and Muck Bars ; SPRANG STEEL & IRON CO, (Limited), Siemens-Martia (O} en- Hearth) Steel, Universal and Sheared Plates, Angles an apes. REUBEN CHEMIsT, 738 Sansom St., Philadelphia. Analysis of Ores of Iron and other Metals, Pig Iron and Steel. Assay of Gold and Silver Ores. Water Analysis for Manuf’ing and Household Use Danville Nail and Mfg. Co. NAILS. DAN VILI. BH, PA. INO. L. HOGAN, IRON COMMISSION MERCHANT, 413 WALNUT S8T., PHILADELPHIA. FOUNDRY, MILL AND BESSEMER PIG IRON. Plate, Bar, Railroad and Structural Iron, Spelacie teen, Ores. Connellsville Coke. Correspondence sol: TESTED CHAINS. BRADLEE & CO. EMPIRE CHAIN WORKS, 816 Richmond S8t., - ° - PHILADELPHIA. MANUFACTURERS OF THE Celebrated “ D. B. G.” Special Crane and Dredging Chains, Careful attention given to Special Dimension Chains and those requiring extra Strength | and Wearing Qualities. CUMBERLAND NAIL AND IRON CO., MANUFACTURERS OF “Cumberland” Nails and Wrought Iron Pipe, _43 North Water Street and 44 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA. J. TATNALL LEA & CO., Successors to CABEEN & OU., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, No. 400 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. BESSEMER, MILL AND FOUNDRY PIG IRON, SKELP IRON, MUCK AND SCRAP BARS NATIVE AND FOREIGN ORES. AGENTS FOR CONNELLSV iLLE COKE, BOOTH, CARRETT & BLAIR, _ ANALYTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMISTS, 919 and 921 Chant St. (10th St. above Chestnut St.), Philadelphia, Pa. Established in 1836, Analyses of Ores Waters, Metals and Alloys of all kinds. IRON AND STEEL, ANALYSIS OF A special department for the fitted with all the apparatus and appliances for the rapid and accurate analysis of Iron, Steel, Lron Cres, Slags, Limestones, Coals, Clays, Fire Sande, &c. Baltimore. ' Price lists on application. Agents tor sampling ores in New York and | CHARLES K. BARNS. | HAINES, ‘ (Continued from Page 1.) the seats to be made true, and obviates |many of the difficulties usually found in making dead-true seats in the ordinary cylinder casting, where a little variation in the hardness of the metal often causes an inconvenient amount of filing and scraping. |In case of repairs made necessary on | ac count of bad oiling, gritty water primins | over from the boiler, or numberless other causes, the arrangements are comparatively | Simple, since the two seats may be forced out and replaced, and a new valve put in with very little expense or delay The cover closes one end of the chest, and the exhaust pipe flange covers the other end, At each end a single packing ring is placed, form- ing its ends into a pair of pistons. The arrangement of the ports, as shown in Fig. 4, gives support to the rings as they pass over them, and prevents catc hing and unequal wear. As might be expect- ed, the large port area thus formed gives a very free exhaust, and the cards taken | from the engine, even when following a con |siderable portion of the stroke, show very little back pressure and a very free exhaust opening. In some of the cards the terminal line is practically vertical. From the crank end the exhaust steam, as shown by the direction of the arrows, passes out through the valve into the exhaust-pipe. From the back énd the exhaust goes over the end of the valve directly into the exhaust-pipe. Two lugs crossing each end of the valve carry the valve-stem. Passing from the valve, the mechanism which moves it calls for attention next in | The Ide Enginge.—Ffig. 3.—View of Valve Seat. order. Fig. 7 shows an automatic governor, with the eccentric sheave and the springs, weights, &c., in position in the fly-wheel. This governor belongs to the class in whieh the eccentric is held by an arm, and swings from side to side across the shaft, according as a greater or Jess throw of the valve is re- quired by the engine. The eccentric itself, as will be seen in Fig. 2, has a pocket on one side into which a steel arm, shown in Fig. 7, is bolted. This arm is pivoted nearly at the rim of the fly-wheel. o_o this pocket is a bar to which two steel arms are connected. These arms are in turn con- nected to two bent steel arms on which the fly weights are placed. As these arms move out into the position shown by the dotted lines the eccentric is carried across the shaft. Motion is obtained from the centrif- ugal force of the weights. This is controlled by long spiral springs fastened to a bush on the shaft. A cylinder containing a pision |forms a cushion to the movement of the weights. The springs hold the eccentric at a point which gives the valve full throw until the engine is up to its speed, when the centrif- ugal force of the weights is greater than the tension of the springs, and the weights fly out, moving the eccentric into such a posi- tion that it shortens the throw of the valve, and at the same time advances the lead. When the engine is running without a load the valve opens to admit steam exactly in the center, and closes before the engine has moved more than % inch. Steam is allowed to follow further and fur- ther as the work is increased. Whenthe maximum load is reached the full throw of the valve is given in order to keep up the speed. The cut-off varies from one-twenty- f