The Iron Age 1883-07-19: Vol 32 Iss 3

1883. |The Iron Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by Davip Wru.taMs, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter, Vol. XXXII: No. 3. a9 . | Loads and Strains on Hoisting Ropes. the engine, and this can only be done by Reversing Rail-Mill Engines. doubtless prove to be a considerable improve lrreat skill and experience in their trades, distinguished for cultivation and solidity of quemennn using the lightest possible trams and cages. oneenamnan ment upon the ordinary tires, both in saving In the instance above given, if the sage had We present in the accompanying engravy- | of cost of repairs and an increased durability | character. After two years in these shops been of steel instead of iron, its weight might ing, for which we are indebted to Engineer- | of the wheels the apprentices are put in the ordinary shops probably have been reduced 30 per cent. or | ing, of London, a perspective view of : | mc - and set at vatious kinds of work, and their more, and I could point out instances where | large pair of horizontal compound re > : adaptation for special kinds of work is noted. a much greater reduction has actually been | versing rail-mill engines recently turned of Railway Mechanies in Besides this practical training, the appren effected, thereby reducing the total weight | out by an English firm. The engines Prussia. tices receive instruction in schools on two week days and on Sunday of each week, in branches of knowledge calculated to help . I. . . . to be snatched at—that is, coal, tubs, cage | in question have two high-pressure cylinders, them to practice their trades independently, special regard being had to thorsughness in and chains—by about 12 per cent. But while | each 34 inches in diameter, and two low- | cages are only too often considered as a con- | pressure cylinders, each 60 inches in diam- venient stuck job, on which the colliery | eter, all having s-foot stroke. The evlinders smith may advantageously employ the odds | are steam-jacketed, and provided with pis- what is taught. In these schools the con- and ends of his time, and expend such bars | ton valves and link motions, the latter being struction of machine-tools is explained and the properties of materials, and the appren- tices are taught to make drawings of simple ; and to con- IS. SLZ.00 a Year, Including Tostage. Sugle Coptes, Ten Cents. New York, Thursday, July 19, 1883. The following interesting facts and sugges- tions relating to the above subject are com- municated to the London Engineer by Mr. W. Silver Hall, of Derby, England : Some years since, I had a winding rope broken about 3 feet above the cap, in the act of raising the loaded cage from the props ; in fact, the cage was raised and fell about 2% feet, as nearly as could be estimated. The weight of cage, tub, coal and chains, with the cap and piece of broken rope, would be 75 or 76 cwt.; the weight of rope suspended in the shaft, 32 cwt.; total, 108 cwt. The rope was a flat one, of iron wire, tapering from 43 to 444 inches wide, giving a break- ing strain of 60 tons and 50 tons, and a safe 5 working load of 136 and 112 cwt. at the up- r per and lower ends, respectively. It had only been in use a few weeks, and there was no sign of any flaw at the point of rupture. After the torn end was cut off and the rope | recapped, it continued to do its work satis factorily for the full average life of the ropes Training On the tst of July, 1882, there were 588 apprentices in 34 shops of the Prussian State railroads, 277 of whom were in shops ex- pressly designed for the instruction of ap prentices. These apprentices receive a VES of iron as he happens to have no other use | worked by a hydraulic cylinder for revers | special training for the purpose of securing for ; while they are tio often commenced, | ing. The crank-shaft, which is of the marine | thoroughly skilled mechanics for the CGov- continued and finished without any harmo- type, is made in two pieces, bolted together, ! ernment shops: it is forbidden to use them nious design or plan, but by the addition of | ~ , ' one part after another, each fulfilling its own : object and adding to the total weight, but ks not contributing to the aggregate strength : = of the structure ; while some of the parts most severely strained are too often weak- ened by injudiciously placed bolts or rivet- holes, and when they fail are replaced by stouter bars and bigger rivets, the result objects, parts of machines, &e . at that pit. The engine, although a single- . “af : >. cylinder one, was remarkably easy to handle, | © nd iene € ; 1 aon! = any a “et, e the and the engine man one of the steadiest and | 2M@ feast of all where lightness is desi ed. Perhaps the next uttempt is made in steel, with a result more disappointing than ever, and that ill-used masverial, as [ have too | often found when advocating its use, is for- ever discre lite] in the eye of the disgusted proprietor. most skillful that I have known. The rate | of winding, though smart, was not excessive, the run of 202 yards being made in 30 sec onds, and the three-decked cage changed in 30 seconds, or, allowing for occasional de- lays, say 55 runs per hour “At first sight the rope might have been expected to break at the top end, where the actual weight to be lifted was nearly 80 per cent. of the theoretical safe working load, | rather than at the bottom end, where the | weight was only 68 per cent. of the theoret ical safe load; but when it is remembered C7 Hh) i Hil . | eas that the 32 cwt. of rope is already in rapid ad ascending motion before the ** snatch comes | set to start the 76 cwt. of cage, &c., into mo- t ion, iti P ly that the rope \ or- tion, itis apparent not only tha 1e rope saw. oz. ILE 50. | i HA HN my A Hi ” \ i Ht HAH | " i Hi ‘Mi oN Sail = Ki qi | i ENGINES RAIL-MILL ENGLISH COMPOUND REVERSING & actually did break where the severest strain As there is no difficulty in making a prop- | and weighs about 13 tons. The pins are 18 | as laborers, or in any one branch of their | struct patterns after drawings and specifica came upon it, but also that that strain is erly designed steel cage, which for any inches in diameter and 15 inches long, and | trade in which they may have acquired some tions of the materials required n very much nearer to the actual breaking | given weight of coal to be lifted shall be there are four bearings, each 18 inches in| facility ; but they must receive instruction ——— diameter and 22 inches long. The connect-| and be made skillful in all thiags which per A Large Walking-Beam.—The beam of from 25 to 50 per cent. lighter, and shall cost no more than an iron one, it is surely time that the state of things which I have en Louis water works is 34 feet long, 7 feet deep in strain than is commonly supposed. r A mere record of facts such as the above ing-rods are 13 feet 6 inches centers. The en- | tain to their trade, without regard to the the new high-service engine of the St gines are constructed to work at a pressure | profit which the shops can make out of them ‘. is not of much value unless it leads to the suggestion of some improvement in the ap pliances, or in the method of using them, calculated to obviate similar accidents in the future. One such suggestion, and the most obvious, is the substitution of steel for iron ropes, giving, wil h a rope of the same weight, an increased strength of some 50 per cent but, of course, at a considerably increased cost. To employ a4 and, quently, heavier, iron rope would have the effect of striking an up-hand blow with a heavier hammer than before. Again, it is doubtful whether, for pits of moderate depth, the advantages obtained by a tapered rope are not purchased too dearly by the weak ness at the bottom end, where, as we have already seen, the greatest strain comes at the moment of starting. Now, the suspended weight of rope is counterbalanced by a tail rope—which, as | pointed out at the Leeds meeting of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, in August last, can probably be economically applied in cases where the depth does not exceed 500 yards or thereabouts—the weight on the rope is constant at any stage of the winding, and consequently, a parallel rope is the right thing. Sut perhaps the most important point of all is to diminish, as far as possible, the dead weight snatched at by the rapid starting of stronger, conse where deavored to describe, and which, as every mining inspector knows, is only too com mon, should cease to exist. - EE = The Cutlery Exhibition in London The competition between artisans and ap prentices for prizes given by the Cutler’s Company of London has been highly success ful, more than 150 competitors having en tered the lists. Nearly all the prizes in the sirgical instrument branches have been awarded to London men, while the prizes for general cutlery work are divided between London and Sheffield. The exhibition of the various articles of competition and other objects connected with the cutlery trade at Salters’ Hall has created much interest, and has been visited by 11,000 persons. The exhibition closed on the 25th ult., when the money prizes and certificates were handed to the successful competitors by Miss Thorne, the daughter of the Master Cutler of London, the ceremony concluding by a vote of thanks to the company for their endeavors to create a healthy spirit of competition among the artisans and apvrentices in the various moved by Mr. Wood, an artisanin the surgical branch of the Lon don trade, and seconded by Mr. Clarke, of Sheffield. branches, of g0 pounds to 100 pounds per square inch, and deliver their exhaust steam to a surface condenser, fitted with brass tubes 4 inch in ternal diameter. This condenser also serves to condense the steam of the accessory en gines always to be found in a rail-making plant, and is provided with an independent pair of horizontal engines, with cylinders 16 inches in diameter by 30 | stroke, which work two double-acting circulating pumps. inches cI A New Wheel Tire.—A new wheel tire of novel design has been patented by Messrs Merryweather & Sons, the fire-engine mak ers, of London. The object of this tire is to prevent the skidding of ordinary carriage wheels when traveling on roadways where street-car lines exist. The tire is notched on both edges, and as it overhangs the rim of the wheel, it effectively crosses and re crosses the rails without in the slightest de gree twisting the axle. An experiment with a fire engine fitted with these improved tires was recently made in the Mile End Road, where the rails stand above the level of the roadway, owing to some temporary altera tions, and the results were satisfactory. ‘To those using vehicles of any description, especially mail carts or similar conveyances for quick transit, the improved tires will rhe apprentices, as a rule, must not be less than 14 nor mcre than 16 years of age, and must have passed through the studies of an elementary school. The term of apprentice ship is four years. After appointment they are paid varying sums according to the place where employed, but never more than 20 cents per day at first, which is advanced every six months, according to the appren tice’s ability, as shown by special tests, but never so as to equal the lowest rate of wages paid to regular employees in the trade. A tenth of these is withheld until the end of the apprenticeship For the first two years the apprentices receive their training not in the great shops, but in which are fitted especially as training-shops, in which the apprentices are under direct em wages ones small supervision, and so far as possible are ployed at work fitted for their capacity at the time These sh ps are sO equipped that all the work of the trade can be done in them The machine tools used are worked by hand or foot, to avoid accidents Special effort is made in them to acquaint the ap prentices with the different methods of treat ing different kinds of materials, the use of tools, &c., and they are taught to make and repair the simpler tools rhese charge of apprentice shops are placed in foremen of constructed to ace: the center, is composed of wrought and cast The pump casting proper the cylinder and jacket weigh 28,000 pounds, the lower and upper head of the cylinder 16,000 pounds, the iron, and weizhs 63,000 pounds weighs 84,000 pounds, pounds, the air chamber 66,000 columns 000 pounds the bed plates 64,000 pounds, and the pump plunger and bucket The piston is 85% inches and the piston-rod 844 inches in diameter, with 10 feet stroke. The supporting the beam 56 20,000 pounds engine is tobe run by six boilers 24 feet long, of the pattern known as the drop flue return boiler. A temporary frame building is being erected over the new engine The founda tions connected with the engine have been mmodate three more en vines, and the plan is to plas e the engines in position before erecting the engine house I'he foundation of the new boiler house is designed to accommodate 24 boilers, which will generate the steam to run the four new hiyh-service engines a The steam fire envines of the city of Berlin have pipes for the discharge of compressed carbonic acid into the steam chamber. When the engine starts from the station the boile: is heated vp arriving at the fire the car bonie acid is at first employed as a motor then the gas and steam work together, and a eee or 4 LHRON jw A NS °o N | A BRASS & COPPER C@., No. 19 Clift Street, Phelps Building, NEW YORK, MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms. PURE COPPER WIRE Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Phosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. ANSONIA * REFINED INCOT COPPER. PHELPS, DODGE & CO., Mfg. Company, MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, German Silver and Gilding Metal, Copper Rivets and Burs, Waterbury Brass Co, CAPITAL, $400,000. Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, CERMAN SILVER, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, COPPER RIVETS AND BURS, BRASS KETI1LES, Door Rail, Brass Tags, PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASKS, Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &c. —_ small po ae * = e var See c Pecalty. - nice Bride eeport Brass Co. Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- j ing Goods. Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, « c. 18 Murray Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Rolling Mill, eee ae ct. Factories, WATERBURY, Ct. MANUFACTURERS OF IMPORTERS OF DEPOTS, Mills At Sheet and Roll Brass 296 Broadway, New York, WATERBURY, "ak : TIN PLATE, (125 cay st. Providence, Rt. Conn. | Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing. Seamless and Brazed Tubing, Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, ; KEROSENE BURNERS, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements, | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS. Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and manufacturing Metal Guods. WAREHOUSE, 19 Murray St., N. ¥ ROOFING PLATE, Sheet Iron Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zinc, &c. Detroit Copper & Brass . 7 MANUFACTURERS OF Rolling Mills. COPPER AND BRASS.| srazicrs: ano sHeaTHinG copreR, curr sraeer, new vor. |ROLLED, SHEET& PLATERS’ BRASS GERMAN OR NICKEL SILVER, Copper Wire for Electrical and other purposes, Brass and German Silver Wire, Copper Rivets and Burs, COPPER BOTTOMS FOR TEA KETTLES AND BOILERS. Cor. Larned & Fourth Sts., Detroit, Mich. ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- MANUFACTORY, Bridgeport, Conn HARRISON WIRE CO. ST. LOUIS, MO., SCOVILL MFC CO —__>—_—. BRASS, HINCES WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF STEEL AND IRON PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. DEPOTS, FACTORIES, ; : $19 & 421 Broome St., N. Y. Wateroury, Com, | per and German Silver . ms 177 Devonshire St., Boston. New Haven, Conn, (In Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), W iP 3 P (5 Pe i? 183 Lake St., Chicago. New York City. COPPER & BRASS RIVETS AND BURS. Rome, New York. Holmes, Booth & Haydens, WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORK, BOSTON, 49 Chambers St. 18 Federal St. Manufacturers of all kinds of Brass, Copper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. BRASS & COPPER WIRE, Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. BRASS & IRON JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. German Silver Spoons, DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO0.,; %*0me, New York. Importers of BROWN & BROTHERS, Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet lron, Copper, Wire, Zinc, Ete. 81 Chambers St., N. Y. ae wewuavew BRASS, COPPER AND GERMAN SILVER In Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, Rivets, and Burs, Etc. POLISHED COPPER ~ Under Patent of T. James, Sept. 12, 1876, Seamless Brass g Copper Tubing. SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Kerosene Burners, &c. TENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER | ————_—____________—_- HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 Ibs, JOHN DAVOL & SONS, pressure and guaranteed against vacuum, BRAZIERS & SHEATHING COPPER, PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANK, ra Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., f SILVER-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich Kettles, Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, &c. designs. ae Dealers in 200 Pearl Street - NEW YORK.| GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND ForKs, | !"got Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals. A. C. NORTHROP, 100 John Street, New York. Waterbury, Conn., PASSAIC ZINC CO. NUVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS Manufacturers of FOR HARDWARE TRADE. Pure Spelter Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK. Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen’l Agents, 113 Liberty Street, N. ¥. Geo. W. Prentiss & Co., HOLYOKE, MASS., Waterbury, Conn. THE NEW HAVEN COPPER Co., SOLE MAKERS OF ALSO MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN Wrought Iron and Brass Machine Screws; Turned, Hexagon, Round and Square Head Cap and Set Screws; Brass and [ron Safety ana Jack Chain; Gilt, Nickel Plated and Bronze Trimmings of all kinds, from Sheet Iron, Steel or Brass. anaes s on patented articles, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and rompty given. BRODERICK & BASCOM ROPE 0O.. MANUFACTURERS OF “WIRE "ROPE™ MANUFACTURERS OF Se tae BASCOM ROPE Co. RON WIRE ROPE. STEEL WIRE ROPE. 728 N. Main St., St. Louis, Mo. WORCESTER WIRE CO., Manufacturers of IRON AND STEEL WIRE For all Purposes. WORCESTER, MASS. Bright, Uoppered, Annealed and Tin Plated. Also GUN SCREW WIRE of all sizes straight ned and cut to order. BROWNING, SISUM & CO., 85 Chambers St. Manufacture Belt Hooks, Cotters, Spring Keys. D Rings Staples, and everything pe wtetning to wire bending Factory BROOKLY A. 44 Bie The Plume & Atwood Copper Electrical Wire, Pins, ss Tarred Lathyarn, Manila Rope. ae 19, 1883, PHILIP L MOEN, President and Treasurer. AS. F. WASHBURN, Vice President & Secretar WASHBURN & MOEN Manic Co Established 1831. Bais insane mass. MANUYAOTURERS OP IRON and STEEL. WIRE, Patent 2 a ro, eto Patent Steel Wire Bale Ties. WIRE RODS of all G tome 8 HOLT 3-16 in. in, to a4 in, , cut te any length. Owners and exclu L, » producing Iron and Steel WIKK nb re, Market and Stone Wire Ga Annealed Fence and Grape Wire in long lengths: Neepaek Pail. nized Telegrnp e, Bridge, Bolt, Screw, Rivet, and Chain Wire. Wire for the manufacture of Card Clothing, Heddles, } Reets, &e. at Plano- string C fovering Wir Tinned Broom Wire and Tinned-piated Wire of all sizes. A specialty is made of Clock, Machinery, Gun Screw an. gut, Polisped. c jar ok a a ie nag | nee "Ot Norway Ir Coppere alvanized or Tin Plated. Wire furnish: Straigntened. and Cut to any length. Steel Crineoline ‘atent Linen finish. J Wire. Steel Wire for Springs, Needles and Drills,” Market Steel Wine bent ta etocy et ied Steel Muar WAREHOusEs: | New York, 16 Cliff, and 241 Pearl = (Chicago, 107 and 109 Lake St. HOWARD & MORSE, Warehouse: 45 Fulton Street, NEW YORK, Manufacturers of lron, Brass & Copper WIRE CLOTH, | Plain and Ornamental Wire Work, Wire Fence & Railing, DOOR AND WINDOW GUARDS, OFFICE RAILING, lron Stable Fixtures. Window Guard. No.¢ = 48RAM S. HEWITT, President JAMES HALL, Treasurer : WM. HEWITT, Vice President. E. HANSON, Ay reas TRENTON IRON COMPANY, INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, N. J.. Manufacturers of - ee [RON and STEELWIRE OF ALL GRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED Iron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire: Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths. New York Office, COOPER, HEWITT & OO., 17 Burling Si Philadelphia Office, JOHN HEWITT, Agent. 2, North Fourth St. Crim ped, ae Stall Church ant Roun! Iron Frames, No. 54. Double or Half Circle Wrought Iron Hay Rack. Window Guard. No. WIRE ROPE HAZARD MFG GO. = s7 LIBER'TY STREET, NEW YORK. Works: WILKESBARRE, Pa. _ oe This Advertisement Changed Weekly. IOWA BARB WIRE CO. 87 Liberty St., NEW YORK 89 Lake St., CHICACO. STAUFFER, MACREADY & (CO., New Orleans, La. IOWA RING STP RICVCHEHIIER. f if A. LESCHEN * SON. Manufacturers of 919 to 923 N. Main St.. ST. LOUES, or Suiweg dway Correspondence {iuvited tary. id exclu IKK tb ne Wire . Buckle ig Wire Trew ap. ay Ir rnish: Wi wate Roum! No. 10. & **@ one UWoW July 19, 1883. CARY & MOEN, Manufacturers of STEEL WIRE for ali purposes and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. © 0. LINDEMANN & CO., Manufacturers of FA il nes SARC ===" LA, Japanned, Brass, Tin Platec and Wood BIRD CAGES. Original inventors and patentees of » Bright Metal Cages, constructed without rolder. 254 Pearl St., NEW YORK. TOU EEL MA LLLAL LL EARLS A) { — > = > = — ae I > ~ = > ~ ba S S SS 1 ad ~~ > > > > b Sr UT mt Market Steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture a ee on hand. N AND BRASS RIVETS, Studs, Pins, Screws, &c., iy (RO iV For Manufacturers of Light Hardware. BLAKE & JOHNSON, Waterbury, Conn. ° POPE, COLE & Co. BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Also “Cakes, of unequaled purity and toughness. G. Gunther, Manufacturer of Patented Brass, Sliver Plated and Japanned BIRD CAGES. Can be nested for ex- port shipments. 46 Park Place, NEW YORK. GAUTIER STEEL DEPART- MENT of Cambria Iron Co. Johnstown, Pa., produces Steel of excellent quality for THRESHER TEETH, HARROW TEETH, SLEIGH and CUTTER SHOES, TOE CALKS, and CANT HOOKS. Also, Finished CUTTER SHOES, tapered and bent to shape. Couns mH a PNo. 16.] Largest variety in patterns and unsurpassed In ow prices. low Illustrated Catalogues and Price (date on application. NEW YORK OFFICE: 104 Reade St. PHILADELPHIA OFFICE: 523 Arch St. CLEVELAND WIRE WORKS. W. S. TYLER, MANUFACTURER OF SAM’L ANDREWS, Vice President. Treasurer, CHARLES A. OTIS, President. SAM'L A. SAGUE, General M re THOS. JOPLING, eneral Manager JOHN C. ANDREWS, Secretary. THE AMERICAN WIRE COMPANY, DRAWERS OF WIRE GALVANIZED, TINNED AND COPPERED WIRE. High Grade and Fine Quality Wires a Specialty. CLEVELAND, OHIO. BRASS, STEEL AND GALVANIZED WIRE, OF EVERY DESCRIPTION IRON AND __ STEEL Foundry Riddles, Coke and Coal Screens. Cleveland, Ohio. Bergen Port Spelter. MINES WORKS & FURNACES, Lehigh Valley, Pa. Bergen Port, N. J. The only Miners and Manufacturers of PURE LEHICH SPELTER From Lehigh Ore. Especially adapted for Cartridge Metal and German Silver. Also manufacturers of BERGEN PORT OXIDE ZINC. Superior for Liguip Parr on account of its body and wearing properties, BERCEN PORT ZINC CO. E. A. FISHER, Agent, | 13 Burling Slip, N. a G. M. HOTCHKISS & CO. West Haven, Conn., MANUFACTURERS OF Brass, lron & Steel Keys, Locksmiths’ and Bellhangers’ Supplies, HARDWARE SPECIALTIES. Furnished on Application, HOWARD EVANS. MOLDERS’ TOOLS, FOUNDRY FACING, MOLDING SAND, | ? FOUNDRY SUPPLIES, J. A. EMERICK & Co., 1056 to 1076 Beach St., PHILADELPHIA, TSTABLISHED 1837. A, INCORPORATED 1876. 8S. CuHasg, Sec’y. C. F, Pope, Treas. Waterbury Mfg. WATERBURY, CONN. Co., Brass Goods. Illustrated Catalogue Brass and Nickel Plated Suspender Buckles. Also NOVELTIES OF ALL KINDS, MADE EITHER OF SHEET METAL OR WIRE, A SPECTALTY, ROLLING MILL AND MACHINERY | RIVERSIDE t CASTINGS, ROLLS, FOUNDRY | CLEVELAND, OHI. INGOT MOLDS, ANNEALING POTS, WORKS. HOT BLAST PIPE, &c. NEW MAKE OF MINE LAMP. —> FOR STEEL REF IN ERS. WE OFFER AUSTRIAN CHARCOAL HAMMER STEEL, in Flat Bars, deliverable in quantities to suit, in bond or duty pail. Cerrespondence solicited. Sample Bars on band WOLTMAN & MICKERTS, No. 5 N. Seoond St., St. Louis, Mo. LEONARD finally steam alone is used. | raising carbon to its highest state condition, i to to the lower oxide to complete saturation of carbon with oxygen, there is another of still greater significance, sesses to attack itself becoming oxidized, THE IRON AGE. | By this arrange ment the engine is brought into action four or five minutes sooner than would be other | wise possib le. eee The Value of Successive Additions to the Temperature of the Air Used in Smelting Iron. Mr. I. Lowthian Bell, in a paper bearing the above title, and read at the spring meet ing of the British Iron and Steel Institute, submitted the following, which, seen, has a bearing on the paper of Mr. W. Hawdon—‘‘ A Comparison of the Working | of a Blast Furnace with Blast Varying in Temperature from ggo to 1414 F.”’—read at the same meeting and published in our issue of July 5: The occasion which has led to the con tribution of the paper by Mr. Hawdon is, in my opinion, very important, and in some re- spects the most satisfactory possible, when taken in connection with the subject of | which it treats. Very ofte n, when the value | of air heated from 1200° to 1600’ F. in fire brick stoves has been compared with that of air heated to less elevated temperatures by the use of metal pipes, the comparison has been attempted on a mistaken basis. Old furnaces, with dilapidated hot-air apparatus, have been contrasted with renovated fur naces fitted with the most perfect means of heating the blast with which we are ac quinted. In such cases a saving of 4 to 5 ewt. of coke per ton of iron was no doubt | often effected, all of which has been some- times placed to the credit of what may be conveniently distinguished as superheated air. To-day we enjoy the privilege of com paring the performance of the identical fur- nace, smelting the same kind of ironstone, with the same quality of coke, but by means of air at different temperatures, according as it was heated by the two kinds of stoves | in question. Under ordinary circumstances I should have been content to take my share in the discussion on the paper when read ; but it has fallen to my lot, here and elsewhere, to contest so many of the propositions ad- vanced by authors of papers on fire-brick stoves that by some of my friends I am re- garded as opposed to the principle involved in their use. When our president kindly offered me an opportunity of verifying the action of this particular furnace, before and after the change from metal to fire-brick stoves, he expressed himself in favor of the present occasion being used for considering generally the principles upon which the use of hot blast is dependent. Many of those whom I have the honor of addressing can only know from books the disbelief which greeted Neilson’s discovery that 100 pounds of coal burnt in heating the blast was able to save 300 or 400 pounds of fuel burnt in the furnace. After this fact had been estab- lished beyond the power of contradiction, science attempted to explain the apparent anomaly, So far as I am aware, no expla- nation was considered satisfactory, which was probably due to the circumstance that few, if any, scientific men had sufficient »pportunity for a lengthened study of the only really useful source of information, viz., the blast furnace itself. Every iron smelter of the present day knows—what, in- deed, has been known for many years—that the office of the fuel on the blast furnace is of a dual character ; besides fusing, it has to | act chemically on the substances exposed to its influence. Full consideration, however, had perhaps not formerly been given to the amount of time required for both these oper- ations, nor to the loss which might ensue from the period of exposure being insuffi cient in point of duration. Due allowance, however, must be made, in considering the want of success which attended these investigations of the earlier writers on the metallurgy of iron, for their less perfect knowledge of what was really required in the furnace itself. In our time little in this respect is left to speculation, for, owing to the services ren dered to our work by pure scientific inquiry, we in our day have gained a great advan- tage in being able to estimate the actual | quantity of heat needed for smelting an ore of any given richness and composition In addition to this, we are able to calculate with considerable nicety the quantity of heat evolved by fuel of known quality. These two sets of factors, furnished by physical science, do not, however, supply the iron smelter with all the information necessary for a complete solution of the problems he has to deal with ; but this want has, during the last few years, been supplied by gentle men practically engaged in the management of blast furnaces. It will be most convenient to consider, in the first place, the source of | the heat required for the fusion of the iron and slag in the hearth of the furnace. This | heat is, of course, generated in all cases by as it will be | | calorific | under no circumstances present any advan- |} absorbed by the iron, | pounds away from the iron, | prives the combustion before the blast of the solid carbon of the fuel, for, even if raw coal is used, all its volatile constituents are expelled before it reaches the vicinity of the tuyeres. There being two oxides of carbon, it is essen tial to remember that when this substance is | burnt under the conditions which obtain in a blast furnace, it is the lower oxide alone (car- | bonic oxide, or CO) which is the ultimate product of the combustion in the hearth, This, from a heat-producing point of view, | is a great loss, because one unit of carbon burnt to the higher oxide (carbonic acid, or CO.) affords 3% times as much heat as the same amount when only burnt to the state of the lower oxide. This impossibility of of oxida in a solid from this substance at high temperatures, being able carbonic acid and it And, besides this barrier tion arises act on reduce the power which heated iron also pos earbonic acid, and in like it to carbonic oxide, while If, then, there were any notable quantity of carbonic acid near the tuyeres of a blast furnace, the ore, viz., manner to reduce or a portion of it, which has been reduced in the upper zone hearth. substance likely, used in the blast furnace, accept as a condition precedent that it must be susceptible of two states of oxidation, to would be reoxidized in the So far as concerns any combustible as a matter of cost, to be we may, I think, | two states of cxidation | which 8 one of which it is raised at the tuyeres by means of the blast; while its conversion, partial conversion, to the other state caused by its action on the oxide of iron in the zone of reduction situate in the upper region of the furnace. Let us take the case of hydrogen gas, which, as a source of heat, offers the greatest inducement as a substitute for coke, inasmuch as it generates by its com or Is bustion more than 14 times as much heat as carbon does when burnt to carbonic oxide, and 41% times as much as carbon when burnt to carbonic acid. Oxidized hydrogen, ever, or vapor of water, resembles carbonic how acid in its behavior to iron; it would be formed at the tuyeres with the evolution of much heat, but all or a great part of this heat would subsequently disappear by its en tire or partial reconversion into hydrogen, accempanied by a large amount of reoxida- tion of the iron. After what has been just said, it is needless to say that the admission of carbonic oxide at the tuyeres as a com bustible would be attended with results similar in point of principle to those accom panying the use of hydrogen. With these facts before us, it is clear that any attempt to use what is known as water gas in the blast furnace can only end in dis appointment. This substance is easily made, and, when pure, consists of equal volumes of carbonic oxide and hydrogen. It is usually procured by passing steam over highly- heated carbon. Notwithstanding the high power of the hydrogen, it would tage asa source of heat, because the same amount of heat as is evolved by burning this gas must, in the first place, be obtained by the combustion of a much Jarger weight of carbon, to which has to be added the un | avoidable loss always attending similar pro cesses. As already mentioned, the genera tion of carbonic acid in the blast furnace is due to the action of carbonic oxide on the ore, by means of which the reduction of the iron oxide is effected. A small amount of this acid is also produced by a pec uliar change experience d by a portion of the car bonic oxide, in which carbon is at the same time precipitated. I have estimated that for each ton of pig iron made, carbon, in its highest state of oxidation, is generated by these two processes to a weight of 6.78 ewt., or thereabouts. The usual measure ment of quantities of heat being the thermometric degrees by which one unit of water has its temperature raised, we will assume that to smelt 20 units of pig iron go,00o Centi- grade calories,* as the units in this form of measurement are designated, are required. Now, as one unit of carbon, burnt with air at o C, (32° F.) to carbonic acid gives off 8000 90,000 of calories, we have 11.25 units 5000 carbon required for the generation of this quantity of heat. If to this we add carbon say .60 unit, we have 11.85 units as the total carbon required, which represents, therefore, about 12 ewt. of coke per ton of iron. The quantity of heat just named—go,ooo calories—suffices, it is true, for smelting such ironstone as that found in Cleveland ; but we know quite well that fully 10 ewt. more than the weight of coke just named is consumed per ton of iron, even when burnt with air at 1000? F. Now, the reason why so much more eoke is con- sumed than the 12 ewt. just spoken of is the existence of a limit beyond which the action of carbonic oxide, the reducing agent, is an- nihilated by the admixture of the resulting carbonic acid, which latter has an opposite te ndency to that of carbonic oxide, being an oxidizing instead of being a reducing agent. Whatever the limit in question may be, it constitutes the first and most important im pediment to lowering, beyond a certain point, the quantity of fuel employed for smelting iron. Having given to this supposed limit a great amount of attention, I hope that I may be permitted to lay before this meeting a very brief account of the conclusions I have formed on the subject. If we take 80 pounds of peroxide of iron, 56 pounds of this will consist of iron and 24 pounds of oxygen. Now we have only to conceive that the first |half of this oxygen is held by the iron less firmly than the second half, in order to ac- count for the limit referred to, as affecting the probable extent to which carbonic oxide can withdraw oxygen from oxide of iron Let us suppose that 4% pounds of carbon could separate the first 12 pounds of oxy- enn, but that the second 12 pounds of oxy- gen, being held to the iron by double the force which retained the first 12 pounds, the presence of twice as much carbon, or g pounds, will be required to tear the last 12 This is not the way in which carbon actually de iron of oxygen in the blast furnace, but it constitutes an easy way of explaining the process of reduction. The result of the two operations will be to give us one part by weight of carbon in the form of carbonic acid, or one volume of the gas, accompanied by two parts by weight of carbon or car- bonic oxide, or two volumes of the gas, the oxygen being equally divided between the in which these two found.¢ Without precise quantities of carbon are insisting on the view as really regu lating the behavior of carbon with oxide of iron, | would simply remark that when the two carbonic oxide and carbonic acid, approach the proportion just given as they leave the furnace, the mixture a pacitated from further action on iron ore Further, a vast number of analyses, made under my own superintendence, and a still greater by other authorities, have the extreme probability of condition of saturation of with oxygen in coke furnaces is not likely will be exceeded no doubt, cases mentioned, charcoal furnaces, where the proportion of carbonic acid exceeds the limit just laid down; but these, I think, are exceptional, and would re quire more time to explain than can be devoted to the subject at the presen moment. Adopting the figures just assumed abov e Lrases, SeCTnS Lec number on u satisfied me this forming these pases it here are, some particularly in * Fach Centigrade degree being equal to 1.8° F., the Centigrade seale gives much smaller numbers to deal with. This, and the facility afforded by decimal notation, is the cause of the Centigrade scale being adopted in my calculadons +t One equivalent of carbonic acid contains 6 of carbon and 16 of oxyzen. Two equivalents of carbonic oxide contain 1a of carbon and 16 of oxygen Se ek oe lita an chest ~~ oy, rea? 4 THE IRON AGE. July 19, 1883, OGDEN & WALLACE, Marshall Lefferts & Co. Q XF ORD W.D. wood & CO's ihe Bee ea saxcracrummnsor | TRON AND NAIL CO., | ‘ lron | on and Stee Galvanized Sheet lron;iCO ut Nails Agents for Park Brother & Co.'s Dest Bloom, Best Refined and Common. SPIKES. Gal ized Wire Tele h iF Gal ized 8 o A c K vb l A M ON dD STE E L. me x ‘and "and ir mn Grivanized Rod ‘and var Tron, J. S. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, | MANUFACTURERS OF | SNOW SHOES |; Ra | ROADSTER — J PATENT —@ PATTERN. 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, Planished Sheet Iron. CORRUGATED SHEET IRON ? IERSO N & CO. For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted ay Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common All sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel constantly on hand, __ NEW Y YORK. : 24 & 26 Broadway, 77 & 79 New St.. SHEET IRON. Patented March 14th, 1865 ; Avril 8th, 1873 ; Sept. oth, 1873 ; Oct. 6th, 1874 ; Jan. 11, 1876, NEW YORK CITY. Plate and ‘Tank Iron, JOHN W. QUINCY g CO., éieiaee aia to the STE EL TOE CALKS. H No, 1 Flange, Best Flange, = PICKS” of all kinds, ol Piciide Fare Wott Senetan ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF ESOPUS HORSE SHOE IRON, Iron Work Galvanized or Tinned to Order. 63 EAM S, AN CSC LES, Price list and quotations sent upon application. 98 William Street, New York. IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, Extra Qualitv Homogeneous Steel Anthracite & Charcoal Pig lrons, | ana at a much less price, ane ee rigpaer 9 by wn Tee ae | BOILER PLATE BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER, ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &c. by all the prineipal | Tees, Channels Sheets, Plates, | ROME MERCHANT IRON MILLS, | | E Me cing anmntecinwe .|HARRISORSGILLOON |" Sf een | mae Or ie a IRON & STEEL. ‘Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops.| , ROM AND METAL ae THE UNITED STATES, (7) "iron, all descriptions. And at their Ofec, naye on hans, and omer or sae. ehe tonowing: | 111 Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. | (SHOENBERGER & CO., "**#s:"*™ Sex rte ‘h and Ame rie ‘an Pig yn, Wr ght, Cast <cruteeeecyppeeseeereneereeneenetceesesctetneseseeseenetireteeeeeseeeentenisemntaaiaeanetiaasiea metas Machine ry Serap re mn, er Whe la, ani and Heav ; Wro ught Tro mn; als old « opper, ‘Compe osition, Brass, WH EELINGC Lead, le er, Ziue whe BURDEN’S |__ IRON WORKS, N AILS SYRACUSE, N. Y. HORSE SHOES. Mower and Reaper Castings | caaeiae peony and Carriage Irons a | berolis, Ovals, Half Ovals, Half Rounds, Hexajron and anak Horse Shoe Iron. Also from Charcoal Pig a su erior e uality of Iron betnaed o G. All puddiled ball A B Cc E Z ” R Os., i os ad e CAPE Orders may be sent to the Mill or 190 SOUTH ST., | SnneERNEEO RUE a ee DRUMMOND, “ ULETER” IRON, Pants yERteR, our Agent, at 59 John *“CATASAUQUA” IRON, RAILWAY ALLENTOWN SHAFTING, COMMON IRON, And full assortment of sizes of the best brands of R oO L L i N Cc M j L 2. REFINED IRON, Band, Houp, Scrol! and Angle Lron. Cast, Spring, M A 7 E Re I A a. Poe-Calk and &. 8, Steel TELEPHONE CALL, “* NASSAU, 379 ” Cos WALL STREET, AND Joint Yearly Capacity Over Specialty. 7 4 _e" “Burden Best” | wunereeeconoon | 600,000 KEGS: C. W. LEAVITT, 163 Brenéway, Manager Sales Dep't, lron NEW AND SECOND-HAND Railsand Railway Equipment | PIG and BAR IRON, OLD RAILS and SCRAP. General Agent ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILLS. | Agent for PARDEE CAR & MACH. WORKS. 97 Chambon! Street. New York, Boiler Rivets. ~ KINNEIL ~| KEYSTONE ROLLING MILL, Limited, Manufacturers of The Burden Iron Company SCOTCH PIG IRON. IRON Troy, N.Y, Pittsburgh, - - - Pa. FOR SALE IN LOTS TO SUIT, §|————“>_"_-_-__™ EDWARD J. wesseE_s |B0Mnell, Botsford & Co., SOLE AGENT FOR THE = lron, Nails & Spikes. BURDEN’S UNITED STATES, 4 B. & S Bar lron. 17 Cedar St., ° * NEW YORK. ie YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. Yar aia, aaa 7 eee R a _ seeve_ 6 co., ’ CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON ) ee eo | ENTERPRISE MANUFACTURING CO.| American & English Refined Iron, "2!WaY supplies and Equipment. Bm ROOFING & SIDING, Sh aENE, | —— NEW YORK. sintteni ceddeanes tanned Agents NASHUA, IRON. AND STEEL CO, pros, Ruliaings, Beste, Ageuts for the sale of ALKER & CROMLISH, a nei ent mutacturers of couieidianiann bs , skylights, Sane i EGLESTON BROS, & C0., STHEL HOILEH PLATES IhON AND STERL AXLES | MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO., Se &» & WE 6 OO. —_—_ Manufacturers ot and Dealers in JAMES - WILLIAMSON & -C0., j RON SCOTCH AND AMERICAN eS ale PIG IRON, PORTAGE IRON CO., Limited, Merchant Iron. SAMSONDALE IKON’ WORKS. Merchant Iron, No. 63 Wall St., New York. NORWAY IRON AND STEEL WOkKKsS, Homo eous Steel Pilates. BAY STATE IRON CO., Tank, Boile: ard Girder U LS T E Q | fn 0 N wo R KS Plates. of. hand SO, Wie Bel ails. AND INE ROLLING MILL, Boiler Plates, ALASGOW TUBE WORKS, Boiler Flues 90 Broadway, New York A. BYERS & CO., Wrought Lron P pe Cc ARNAGIE BROs, & CO., Limited, Wrought Iron Beams, Channels and Shapes Pans and estimates furnished, and contracts mate for erecting Iron Structures of eve ry de eae. Tuckerman, an, Mulligan & Co tion. Books containing cuts of all [ron made se siesta Muample pieces at office, Please address CARMICHAEL & EMMENS T 58 Hudson Street, New York. 130, 132 & 134 Cedar St., New York, and U L 5 E te Nos. 21, 23, 25 7 West Lake St., Chicago, I. DEALERS IN BORDEN & LOVELL, IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE. Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &c, &c. Commission Merchants, Agent for The Cooteere Works 7 pee ing Mills, and Union Beams, Angles. Tees, Rivets, &ec Fall River iron Co.'s Nalis, lron and Steel Forgings. 166 South St., t NEW YORK CITY. IRON AND STEEL LOCOMOTIVF FORGINGS. 5 Dey Street, New York. Bands, Hoops & Rods, | ie wachieyFersngs a Spy, | 20! Pomt St.) SSN TOA TUS _| G7 ENGARNOCK AND CARNBROE SCOTCH PIG IRON, : nes corneas, ond of werk executed FRANK ae FROMENT, F. deli , and f fi d shi to N York. Bo , Philadelphi ae eed Coat *| sow 15 0 217 main Steet, [FRO y 52 | mM momar om ren Cumberland Coals. ALLEGHENY, PA. AND NEW YORK | JAMES LEE & CO., Sole Agents for the United States. Stee! d | wae STE 101 Milk Street, Boston, “.,” wise saaiiieeinn Street, CHICAGO. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., WIRE RODS, _ an : ron eeers See E LEECHBURG IRON WORKERS [RON MERCHANTS Superior Value. F. ent Beit Water Cosy fran Beams Hoop & Band on. “ KIRKPATRICK & CO.,, Cor. Albany & Washington Sts. Particulars from WwW. Ss. MIDDLETON, Manufacturers of all grades of , FINE SHEET IRONS, BP ae YORK — se A. C. LESLIE & cO., Broker | in Machinery & lron. Refined Cold Rolled, now Coed, Snes ty —— Ferrule Iron, &<.)” Lee oe Agent for OF FIOR, No, 143 First Ave,, Pitteburgh, Pa. WORKS, Lecohburg, Pa. ORFORD NICKEL AND COPPER COMPANY, | FORSTER'S CRUSHER A RUWERIZER, 6 CHARLES HUBBARD, W.S. MIDDLETON, 52 John St.,N.¥.| “SHERIDAN,” “LEESPORT,” } : ak tm wie: = €§€=~ 1 ae “TEMPLE” BRANDS PIG IKON. SMELTERS AND REFINERS OF COPPER. THOS. J. POPE & BRO., Agents, 292 Pearl St., New York. e 7 © oe = s CHARCOAL” PIG IRON, “MAIDEN CREEK” and “NEW RIVER MINERAL” BRANDS. porter Deale | Copper Ore, Mattes or Bullion purchased. Advances made on consignments for refining and sale. SCOTCH AND AMERICAN FAVORITE BRANDS OF SCOTCH PIC IN STOCK AND TO ARRIVE. Smelting and Refining Works at Bergen Point, near New York. Offices, 37 &£ 39 Wall St., New York. a | __Old Car Wheels, Best Brands. ; 46 Cliff Street, New York City. => PASSAIC ROLLING MILL CO., =i 7 JAMES W . Ross, Manufacture and have always in stock IMPORTER OF AND FURNACE AGENT FUR ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forgings, Eye Bars, &ce. PATERSON, N. J. =~, Room 45, Astor House, New York, CUT NAILS OLD METALS. SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON. MANUFACTURERS’ AGENT OF 953 & 459 Wet &- >} NEW YORK. Bar Lron, Car Wheels, Axles, Baltes and Railroad Supplies. Manhattan Rolling tl.) S32" O30 Pe coro Ys SHEET IRON, TANK AND FIRE BED, J. LEONARD, | 36 DEARBORN STREET CHICAGO. os ALEXANDER BURNS Man pager. 445 to 451 West St., 177 &179 Benk St., Joun J, SPOWERS, President. Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c, erro | THe ey Cee eer {eee 00. penne | GALVANIZED MATERIAL OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. DOVER IRON CO. HOR Se Se LRN | rantaes tent ont Bk mB ee, Comes Garand Round, Sua Band an BOILER RIVETS, oor | All Stee All Gauge " DANIEL F. COONEY, °crcaion Tues : «9 Boiler Brace Jaws, Socket Bolts, &. SS Washington St. N.Y. tr nate ener mm es ’ 21 " , ; = 'BOILER PLATES AND SHEET IRON, . — eed LAP-WELDED BOILER FLUES, 1& to 5 ipches. ; , ; 7 ——— s 8. FULLER BROT HERS & CO.) ee Angle « T Iron, Cut Nails & Spikes —_— me ine Tron. we <= gir ‘on See a. a he san r Corrugated Sheet tron 4 Specialty, Galvanized, Biack and Painted. irom Corrugated for the Trade. iF Mi and Tube Co a b & nens. Lron and Steel Est tim, ates furnished or application. 139 Greenwich Street, New York. ee ey ies oan he rx ‘vets; Homogeneous Steel, worKs GREEN AND RAY STREETS. JERSEY CITY. NJ OFFICE AND WARFHOUSE, 98 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK, 1883, July 19, ae HE TRON AG I: 4e oe e HENRY LEVIS & CU., Manufacturers’ Agents For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and Sheet Iron and General Railway Equipments, Old Rails, Axles, and Wheels bought and sold. 934 8. 4th 8t., Philadelphia. Siemens’ Regenerativ GAS FURNACE. RICHIMIOND & POTTS, 1198, Fourth St. PHILADELPHIA, PA. Cambria. Iron and Steel Works. The Cambria Iron Co.,, than a | having acquired the entire ownership of the WIRE AND STEEL MILLS Of the GAUTIER STEEL CO., Limited, will con- tinue to produce all their specialties, such as Mer- chant Steel, Plow Steel, Wagon and Carriage Springs, Rake Teeth and Harrow Teeth, Agricul- tural Implement Steel and T ™ WIRE, ALL KINDS OF Well-known for superior quality of material and excellence of workmanship. The Cambria Iron Co., having enjoyed a reputation for more quarter of a century for fair dealing and exce 1- lence of its manufactures, has now a capacity of 150,000 Tons of Iron & Steel Rails And most approved patented Railway Fastenings. Address CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, 218 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia, or at Works, Johnstown, Pa., or l.enox Snuth, Selling Age t, 46 Address GAUTIER STEEL DEPARTMENT, PHiure EK, “Hap, Gen’l Sup’t, Johnstown. New York Warehouse, 104 Rea le St. New York. Philadelphia Warehouse, Arch St. THE PHCENIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, | and built up shapes for Iron Bridges, | REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variety of SHAPE IRON made to order Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty Street, BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & C0., 19 Batterymarch t, ALAN WOOD & CoO., MANUFACTURERS OF Pine St., Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charceal Bioom PLATE cc SHEHT IRON. No. 519 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. licited _ ecially for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, ank and Boat iron | L ; ast, Stamping, Ferrute, Locomotive Headlight and * Jacket Iron. 920 North Delaware Ave., Manufacturers of the ANVIL BRAND REFINED MERCHANT BAR IRON. | Scrap Brass ; Sheridan, Also, the James Rowland & Co. Kensincon Hr cut from heir Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel; Skelp | ba Iron a specialty; also Rounds, Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop | Secinaen lron, Steel & Nail Works, Iron. ——————BENCOYD IRON WORKS. PHILADELPHIA, A. ace PP. ROBERTS cc CO., MANUFACTURERS OF BEAMS, CHANNELS, DECK BEAMS, ANGLES, TEES, PLATES, MERCHANT BAR. SHAFTING ‘AND ROLLED OR HAMMERED AXLES OF IRON OR STEEL. Office, No, 26 26 8. ‘Fourth St., Philadelphia. _Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Tron. J. W. PASTSON KH CO., DEALERS IN MOoOUT.DING SAND, = 1021 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA, PA., MANUFACTORERS RAL CHARCOAL FACING, LEAD FACING, . ’ RIDDLES, SHOVELS, r ; JING XX MINERAL, ANTHRACITE FACI 9 : XL FACING, SOAPSTONE, STEEL BRUSHES, _| ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILL COMPANY, Manufacturers of tails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. 3eneral Office, 237 South Third St., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa JAMES ©. BOOTH. THOMAS H, GARRETT. ANDREW A. BLAIR, | BOOTH, CARRETT & BLAIR, Analvtical and Consulting Chemists, | 919 and 921 Chant St. (10th St. above Chestnut St.), PHILADELPHIA PA. Established in 1836. A special department for the Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys