The Iron Age 1882-12-07: Vol 30 Iss 23

A Review of the Vol. XXX: No. 23. Chuwab’s Improved Rolling Mill. The apparatus is composed of two cast-iron | cylinders, A A, about 18 inches in diameter The apparatus for rolling iron and steel | and 4% feet long, both turning in the same | which we illustrate this week embraces some direction—that is to say, in a direction con- | very novel features, and, we think, will be | trary to that which is usually obtained with | of considerable interest to many, if not all, | ordinary rolls. These cylinders are situated of our readers. The apparatus in question | between the two portions B B, having an has been proposed by Mr. C. H. Chuwab, of | open space at the front for the insertion of Paris, for rolling round iron bars of all diam- | the bar which is to be rolled. The latter is eters, and with a view of rendering them kept between the two cylinders by the piece cylindrically true and straight at the edges. | C, which is of a length equal to that of the i 4 o] J = a~ se Sd ae] NOSE TE CZ Lee B a ae tbe Z YE i NAN Y Wy ZZ Fig 3.—Front Elevation and Section. SS MMA Sess SN _ a \ SS \ > RQ. oa Wg 00949 97y4]g MW GG Fig 3—Side View, Showing Arrangement of Saws. Published every Thursday Morning by Davin Wuattams, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. New York, Thursday, December 7, 1882. NA RRES EE WGy0y(w he Iron Age Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Single Copics, Ten Cents. | | ‘ sg pes : fais kept cool by jets of water issuing from pieces. The diameter of the piece to be | sists in the fact that the bar does not pass lead pipes placed in proper position. The | rolled is determined at the beginning of the| through the rolls in a direction at right pinions h which operate the rolls are mourted | operation by means of a regulating screw, P, | angles to the longitudinal axis of the rolls, on the shaft H, which carries the two fly- | which is shown in Fig. 1. All the neces-| but in the direction of the length of the wheels GG. These pinions gear with the | sary preparations having thus been made, | rolls. intermediate wheels E, and the latter, in turn, | the bar of iron is introduced just as itcomes; It is claimed that, with a speed of 30 revo- act upon the two small pinions «a, which /from the roughing-rolls, and may, if re-| lutions per minute, a bar of iron of a length are mounted on the extremities of the rolls | quired, be previously straightened to some | equal to that of the rolls may be turned out A A. extent by placing it under the hammer. | in a highly finished state in less than a min- The shaft D of the intermediate wheels E| This having been done, the bar is rolled| ute. The bar having been finished, the up- does not turn with them, and can be raised | along the platform N until it reaches the two | per roll is raised and the finished product Fig. 2—Top View. iN LL aS | Teer Slee Sed a = Fig. 4.—Transverse Section, Fig. 5.—Side and End View of Saws. VNNMAOy MMV wn~n~©~* wooo WOOO WO LOO SON ~ RIAA DAR HM AQAMAHAANS ASA DAL Fig. 6.—End View of Apparatus Employed in Moving the Work Belween the Rolla, CHUWAB’S IMPROVED ROLLING MILL, The work turned out is in a highly finished| rolls. The lower cylinder always remains state, and is claimed to be suitable for | in the same position, while the axis D, carry- shafts, screws of presses, and for a large | ing the intermediate wheels E, may be dis- number of other purposes. A pretty fair | placed by suitable arrangement, so as to idea of the general arrangement of the dif- | allow the intermediate wheels to gear with ferent working parts may be obtained by | the rolls in any position. The displacement an inspection of Figs. 1, 2,3 and 4, from | of the upper cylinder, so as to render the ap- which it will be seen that the appliance is | pliance suitable for rolling bars of various situated somewhat below the general level | diameters, is effected by two screws, b b, of the rolling mill. It may be placed either | which are operated by two worm-wheels and parallel with or at right angles to the train | endless screws fixed on a common shaft, d, of roughing-rolls with which it is connected ; | the latter being revolved by means of the but this, of course, depends to some extent | handles m m. The scrapers ¢ e, shown in upon special circumstances governing par-| Fig. 2, carry away all the scales which may ticular cases, attach themselves to the cylinders, and are or lowered in an oblong slot in the portion | cylinders A A, which have been sufficiently }may be taken out; or, if the piece in B, as shown in the cross-section, Fig. 4. | separated to allow its introduction. This | question is of considerable length, it may be The displacément of this shaft is effected by | having been done, the handles m m are pushed along so as to submit a new length to means of two arms, L L, the extremities of | turned, causing the upper roll to descend, | the action of the rolls. Both side an t end which are connected with the cylinders | and the bar of iron may then be rolled for | views of the apparatus employed in this op- themselves and with the axis D, which has | as long a time as may be deemed necessary. | eration are shown in Fig. 6. When very just been considered. When the distance | It should here be remarked that during ro- | large pieces, however, are operated upon— between the two rolls is varied, it will be| tation under pressure the bar is kept in | say, for instance, pieces having diameters of seen that the position of the axis D will be | such a position by means of the piece C_ that | 6 inches or more—two small windlasses at op- changed in such a way that it will always be | its axis is somewhat beyond the line, joining | posite ends of the rolls are employed for this equidistant from the rolls A A, and the in-| the centers of the rolls, and the amount of | purpose. These windlasses are placed at suffi- termediate wheels will thus always gear with | this displacement should be just sufficient to | cient distances, and, by means of chains at- the pinions which operate the rolls. The | prevent the bar from escaping at the front | tached to them and to the extremities of the i in Fig. 7 will give a somewhat | end. The main difference from the ordi-| bar operated upon, the latter may be drawn clearer idea of the displacement of those | nary method of rolling, it will be seen, con- i back and forth between the rolls as desired, S240 a Year, Including Tostage. Ss, eae - ze 2eo =F s ~ n> ~ > = ee eed : = — " - : -: — rs ee eee = — << - ee : 2 18 eS eo i Py ==> - THE IRON AGE. December 7, 1889, is ANSONIA | “= The Plume & Atw o od PRILIP L MOEN, President and Treasure CHAS. F, WASHBURN, Vice President & Secretary BRASS & COPPER CO., Mfg. Company, WASHBURN & MOEN ) MANUEACTURING CO, MANUFACTURERS OF " eV | SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, BRASS AND CO PP ER Waterbury Brass Co. German Silver and Gilding Metal, CAPITAL, - - $400,000. Copper Rivets and Burs, Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass; . . , enninke caves, Copper Electrical Wire, Pins, | Brass Butt Hinges, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wires BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, Jack Chain, COPPER RIVETS & BURS, | Kerosene Burners, BRASS KETTLES, Lamp Trimmings, &c. Door Rail, Brass Tags,| 18 Murray Street, New York. PERCUSSION CAPS, 13 Federal Street, Boston. POWDER FLASES, 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Metallic Eye'sts, Shot Pouches, Tave Measures, d&c. Factories, No, 19 Cliff Street, Phelps Building, NEW:YORK, MANUFACTURERS OF IN Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms, PURE COPPER WIRE For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Phosphor Bronze Reds for Pumps, &c. ANSONIA REFINED <n t) Sree esr aa res IRON and ‘STHEr., WIRES, Rolling Mill, Patent Steel oe MEd | aoae Steel Wire Bale Ties. THOMASTON, Ct. | WATERBURY, Ct. INCOT COPPER : And small Brass Wares of every Description. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. ee es ae - ee” PHELPS DODG 0 ee ee Brass Co Operators of the PATENT CONTIN NOUS HO LING i AL, producti tren and Btoel Wie cs ., | Capewell Mfg. Co.'s Line of Sport-| DIIOGEP 4 suum he tet cone m Belinea blah ify ttesgneas by > oo ing Goods. 9 and Chain Wire. Wire for the manufacture Clothing, Heddies ‘Hens. be spade on ae Whe IMPORTERS OF Gis ie ee eS Spire! Spring Wire, ap bd Refined Wire to Pattern: of dor pastionser perp ws er g Glock, Mechs "Ot Wor Gofow as DEPOTS: > y grade of Wire furnished, Annealed, B tampa of Norway ‘ron, TENE P LATE, [296 Broadway, New York, WATERBURY, | Sheet and Roll Brass, | Burkatened and Cut 10 any length. Stoel Cr inahen tis Tecet Sirah Purvaked uleel Blast 125 Eddy St, Providence, R. 1. Conn. Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, WAREHOUSES; | New York, 16 Clif, and 241 Pearl Sea, cago, and 109 Lake St. ROOFING PLATE, Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zino, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. SCOVILL MFC CO _— BRASS 9 HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. HOWARD & MORSE, Warehouse: 45 Fulton Street, NEW YORK, Manufacturers of lron, Brass & Copper UD WA WIRE CLOTH NGuitle Wrought fron 9 P Plain and Ornamental Wire Work, Wire Fence & Railing, DOOR AND WINDOW GUARDS, 4 A #,9,4, Church Guard. Round Iron Frames, van . é Hy Detroit Copper & Brass) Copper and Iron Tits cs ; ? LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Rolling Mills, cee ee oa manufac e 5. ROLLED, SHEET & PLATERS’ BRASS] 2risocrers, conn. | 29 murray sty x. ¥. comer Wha an these aca once purposes HARRISON WIRE CO Copper Rivets and Burrs, COPPER BOTTOMS FOR TEA KETTLES AND BOILERS, German Silver Metal and Wire, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements, } PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS, BRAZIERS’ AND SHEATHING COPPER, MANUFACTORY, WAREHOUSE, Bra s and German Silver Wire, Cor. Larned & Fourth Sts., Detroit, Mich. ST. LOUIS, MO., PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL.’ DEPOTS, FACTORIES MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF Window Guard. No. STEEL AND IRON ROME IRON WORKS, & RB £t., % Y, . b "7 Sentient, acta are Manufacturers of 183 Lake St., Chicago New Yori. | Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- W ise MeL? 3 OFFICE RAILING, a 4 ° - VI/ AAA) ; : : No. ss. owen Hay- wi SN te} Window Guard. No. o —_—_— DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO.,| per and German Silver Importers o7 (in Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), Tin Plate, Pig Tin,'Sheet Iron, Copper,| COPPER & BRASS RIVETS Holmes, Booth & Haydens, Wire, Zinc, Etc., AND BURS. ( 29 & 31 Cliff St., cor, Fulton, Rome, New York. WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORK, BOSTON, DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool, NEW YORK, — so iia 49 Chambers St. 18 Federal St, Waterbury, Conn., Brass, Copper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS)... ..-s coppER WIRE, FOR HARDWARE THADE. Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs, on, Round and Square Head Cap and BRASS & IRON Wrought Iron and Brass Machine Screws; Turned, He oe @et Screws; Brass and fron ey one and Jack Chain; allt, Nickel Plated and Bronze Trimmings of all kin 1s, from Sheet Iron, Steel or sommans on patented articles, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and p omplly given JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL . “Rati, Right Hand: lron Stable Fi ixtures, ABRAM s. HEWFTT, President, JAMES HALL, Treasurer. WM. HEWITT, Vice President, E. HANSON, Secretary. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, (INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, N. J., Manufacturers of [IRON and STEELWIRE OF ALL GRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED Iron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths, German Silver Spoons, WORKS ROS BLINO'S New York Office a _SSSSSBEDIS SDS ax SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, TRENTON, Warehouse, Kerosene Burners, &c. Philadelphia Office, JOHN HEWITT. Agent’ 27 North Routh St. 17 Liberty Street} JORN PAE SONS) IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., Dealers in Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, 100 John Street, New York. PASSAIC ZINC CO. Manufacturers of Pure Spelter Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK, For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &c. CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND. Address: HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co., Pa. Armstrong’s Improved Adjustable Stock and Dies FOR PIPE AND BOLTS. tu een SUI A tae | AS THE JOHN A. ROEBLING'S SONS CO, WIRE ROPE) .,......, |Iron and Steel lron, Steel and Copper, Telegraph Wire, WIRE Hoisting Purposes of al) Market Wire, - kinds, for Ferries, Stays, . : Market Wire, Fence Wire, ante Saas, ome are) Wee Wie. | See Foe Soe Soe , , Lightning Rods, &c., Ac. Suspension Bridge Cables, Rivet Wire, &c., &c, CALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. = =p CCN) Ms He T'D ET eo a Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen’l Agents, 113 Liberty Street, N. Y. Tapped to the U. 8S. and Whitworth Standard Gauges. Adjustable to all variations in the size of fittings. Can be resharpened without drawing the — by imply grinding them. Possessing prac: tical advantages appreciated by all mechames, Circular and List sent free on application. Manufactured by F. ARMSTRONG, 30 Sterling St. Bridgenort, Conn. Pe a C.E. NEWMAN, sex RICHMOND, IND, Manufacturer of the Self-Adjusting Clothes Wringer = “RELIABLE.” Simple, Compact, Durable. FULLY WARRANTED. .PRICES LOW. Send for descriptive circular, &c, BRODERICK & BASCOM ROPE (CO., MANUFACTURERS OF ‘WIRE ROPE — — = Geo. W. |. Prentiss & Co., wer NUFACTURERS OF BRODERICK& BASCOM ROPE Co. IRON WIRE ROPE, STEEL WIRE ROPE, 728 N. Main St., St. Louis, Mo. WORCESTER WIRE CO. eee, A. TH CELE kK SON, Manufacturers of Manufacturers of Plated. Also GUN SCREW WIBE IRON AND STEEL Of all sles stralghtened and ct to order. ‘SOUIM 1 ‘Buyoeg dwoy Tarred Lathyarn, Manila Rope, BROWNING, SISUM & CO., 85 Chambers St., . Mapufacture et Hecke Gostere, a Keys, D Rings, os, and operst ing perraining to wire bepding. >? For all Purposes. OF EVERY DESCHIPTION. 9 9 923 N, Main St. SF. LOUIS, BO. Correspondence invite d. | WORCESTER, MASS, = Al MI Lehigh T LE BE Superi and w BE E. A. CA IL | yoed dwoy = & December 7, 188% THE IRON AGE. “s > 0. LINDEMANN & C0., Manufacturers of all kinds of Japanned, Brass & Tin Plated BIRD CAGES. ’ Catalogues furnished to the trade. 254 Pear! St., NEW YORK. POWER PRESSES, RIVET MACHINES, Special Machinery to Order. WOU SILELLLLULLLLLRLELAL Market Steel Wire. Crinoline Wire, tempered and CARY & MOEN, Manufacturers of STEEL WIRE for all purposes and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. 934, 936 and 238 West 29th Street, - ~ - - - a IRON and BRASS RIVETS, STUDS, PINS, &c., For Manufacturers of Light Hardware. BLAEE: & JOHNSON, WATERBURY, CONN. POPE, COLE & Co. BALTIMORE — COPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Also Cakes, of unequaled purity and toughness, G. Gunther, Manufacturer of Patented Brass, Silver Plated and Japanned BIRD CAGES. Can be nested for ex- 46 Park Place, NEW YORK. “ue in terns and unsurpassed in low p New 1 Catalogues and Price Lists on application. FOUNDRYMEN’S METALLIC Pattern Letters and Figures, To put on patterns of castings. All sizes. Re- du prices. Mofd. by H. W. Kn ght, Seneca Falls, N.Y, os ——— The “PERNOT CAST” PLOW STEEL made by the GAUTIER STEEL DEPART- MENT of Cambria Iron Co., Johnstown, Pa., is high in temper, excellent in surface, and can be used in many cases instead of Iron Center, at about half the price. No. THIOMPSON’S PATENT FOR WET PULVERIZATION OF ROCKS, ORES, ROLLING MILL FIX = thor Bergen Port Spelter. MINES : WORKS & FURNACES, Lehigh Valley, Pa. Bergen Port, N. J. The only Miners and Manufacturers of PURE LEHICH SPELTER From Lehigh Ore. Especially adapted for Cartridge Metal and German Silver. Also manufacturers of BERGEN PORT OXIDE ZINC. Superior for Liguip Pauwt on account of its body and wearing properties, E. A. FISHER, Agent, 13 Burling Slip, N. Y. CALVIN WELLS, A. MEANS, President. Manager. ILLINOIS ZINC co., | SLEIGH BELLS, DEXTER BELLS, SHAFT CHIME, GONG CHIME. Our Specialty, Fancy Bound Broadway Strap of MANUFACTURERS UF SHEET ZINC, = PERU, ILLINOIS. — &.A. FISHER, = * 8 Agent, 13 Burling Slip, New York. J. A, EMERICK, Established 1810. BERCEN PORT ZINC CO. VWErk STARR OR STEEL REFINERS. WE OFFER AUSTRIAN CHARCOAL HAMMER STEEL, In Flat Bars, deliverable in quantities to suft, in bond or duty paid AND OTHER MATERIAL, EITHER COARSE OR TO AN IMPALPABLE POWDER, STEPHEN P. M. TASKER, SOLE MANUFACTURER, Care of MORRIS, TASKER & CO., Limited, PHILADELPHIA, U. S. Centrifugal force applied to a rolling ball for the purpose of pulverizing. Tested oughly and guaranteed to yield a greater product of pulverized material of equal = . fineness in a given time with less wear, less power, less first cost and less cost for repairs than stamps or any other pulverizer. MOLDERS’ TOOLS, FOUNDRY FACING, MOLDING SAND, FOUNDRY SUPPLIES, J. A. EMERICK & CO., 1056 to 1076 Beach St., PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Every Variety of Orders by Telegraph Solicited. Correspondence solicited. Sampke Bars on hand WOLTMAN & MICKERTS, No. 5 N. Second St. St, Louis, Mo, —=sc___ - VEEL MAAR LL LEAL VEL ML LELLLLALAAALRALLEALLED covered. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. NEW YORK. HOWARD EVANS. Incorporated 1882. BROS. BELL (Successors to Vaacry & WHITE.) EAST HIAMPTON, CONN. The rolling operation having been finished, the bar may be trimmed by circular saws, of which both side and end views are cleariy shown in Fig. 5. It will be seen that in order to bring the saw into action it is simply necessary to drop the handle /, and the end of the bar may be cut off in a very short time. It will also be seen that by means of the conical ends of the spindles of the rolls, and the conical friction wheels which operate the saws, the motion of the latter may be stopped by moving the lever either to the right or to the left, as the case may be, and in order to prevent accidents each saw is provided with a semicircular hood. The friction-rolls operating the saws are made of some elastic material, so that the adhesion between them and the spindles of the rolls may be perfect. It is, of course, to be understood that not only cylindrical pieces, but also conical and shoulder pieces, may be turned out, the latter forms depending upon the shape of the rolls. The rolls themselves may be driven by means of separate engines mounted on the bed-plate of the whole appliance, but in the | ordinary rolling mill power is usually avail- able from some other source, and the ex- pense of a separate engine may therefore be avoided. The weight of the whole appliance suitable for rolling iron of the dimensions above given is stated te be about 15 tons The two cylinders weigh about 11,000 pounds, and, as already stated, are con- structed of cast iron, while the remainder of the weight is distributed among the screws, saws, bolts, &c., which constitute the other Chuwab's Improved Rolling Mill,—Fig. 7.— The Treatment of Steel for the Con struction of Ordnance and Other Purposes, The improvement which, within late years, has been effected in the manufacture of steel, anid the control which has been attained over the quantity produced, would seem to justify its exclusive employment in the con- struction of ordnance, The conditions unde which it can be most favorably used for that and other purposes demand some considera- tion, and the following extracts from a paper recently read before the British Asso- ciation, by Sir William G. Armstrong, will therefore be found valuable. The author first considered the want of a proper defini- tion of steel, the term having been formerly confined to iron containing a much higher proportion of combined carbon than is found in the so-called mild steels of the present day. The chief distinction between iron and steel, it was stated, now seems to lie in the process of manufacture, steel being operated upon in a state of fusion, while iron is dealt with in a state of agglutinization. But even in the mild state, steel contains more carbon than is generally to be found in wrought iron, and this excess, small as it is, appears to exercise a very important influ- ence upon its qualities. These qualities have been very distinctly brought out in some investigations which Sir William re- cently had occasion to make on the welding, tempering, drawing and annealing of steel, and the results possess a general interest, independently of gun making, As a matter Diagram Showing Method of Displacing the Gear Wheels. portions of the apparatus. It will be seen that Mr. Chuwab has made a radical de- parture from the ordinary method of rolling iron and steel, and, judging from all indica- tions, it would appear that the method pro- posed by him will give successful results. ——————— Growth of the World’s Wealth. The London Saturday Review remarks that, while the amount of first-class securi- ties has been steadily decreasing, the wealth and population of the world have been as steadily increasing, and continues: ‘‘ In the United Kingdom, the United States, and to a less extent in the principal countries in Europe, wealth has been growing during the past generation at an unprecedentedly rapid rate. It is estimated by high authorities that between 1865 and 1875 the growth of wealth in the United Kingdom was at the rate of 200,000,000 a year, and probably the | rate in the United States was not much less. | Even if we assume that the rate of growth since 1875 has slackened, there can be no doubt at all that the accumulation of wealth has continued at a very rapid rate, not only here at home, but in all the more advanced countries of the world. And some portion of this annually saved wealth must have been invested in Stock Exchange securities. The larger part, no doubt, went to extend business, to improve land, to build houses, to construct public works, and so on, but some portion of it was invested in Stock Exchange securities. And the steady in- vestment of new wealth year after year has had a great effect upon the prices of securi- ties. While there has been a great diminu- |of every-day practice, we know that steel very low in carbon is capable of welding and it has frequently been maintained that without departing from the system of con- structing ordnance known as the “ civil system,’’ great advantage would be realized by substituting mild steel for wrought iron in the making of welded coils. Several years since, Sir William was fur- nished with a sample of metal steel specially prepared for this purpose. It was very low in carbon, containing only about 0.10 per cent. A test piece cut from the bar as it came from the maker showed the limit of elasticity, or point at which permanent stretch commenced, to be 13.5 tons per syuare inch, being not much greater than that of wrought iron, and it broke at 23.3 tons, showing that its ultimate strength was also very similar to that of iron; but its ductility was so great that it stretched to the extent of 37.5 per cent. of a length of 2 inches before breaking. A similar test piece tempered in oil had its elastic limit raised to 24 tons per square inch, and it broke at 28.6 tons per square inch, while its ductility remained nearly as before, the elengation being 36 per cent., instead of 37.5. It will be perceived, tnerefore, that the material was of a very fine quality, and if the results attained with the tempered specimen could have been realized in a welded coil, its superiority over wrought iron would have been very marked indeed Two welded coils of equal dimensions were made from this material, and there was no appearance in either case of defect in the welding. Both of these coils were tem pered in oil, and one of them was applied as a jacket to a steel cylinder closed at both ends and used for the purpose of determin ing the pressure exerted by different charges tion in the debts of the United States and of | of gunpowder fired in confinement An ex- the United Kingdom, there has been in another way a diminution in the securities held in the richer countries, owing to the ac- cumulation of wealth in the poorer ones. For example, until lately the bonds represent- ing the debt of Italy were chiefly held abroad, and more particularly in France. It is said, however, that the growth of wealth in Italy of late years has been such that the Italian people have been able to buy from foreigners a large portion of the Italian bonds held abroad. This has had the necessary effect of dimin ishing the supply of securities in England, France and Holland, where the Italian bonds were chiefly held. And, in a less degree, the growth of wealth in other backward countries has been acting in the same way. Each country invests by preference in its own securities, and as the wealth of each country increases, the supply of foreign bonds in the more advanced countries di minishes. Thus the permanent tendency is toward a rise in the prices of safe Stock Exchange securities. This tendency must | naturally continue to gain force, though it | may be checked every now and then, until, _|from some cause or other, there is a large creation of new first-class securities. A war, for example, involving several great European countries, would lead to large loans—that is, to the creation of new Stock Exchange securities of the first class—and would thus tend to lower prices, while the destruction of wealth by the war would act duplicate of this cylinder was jacketed with a coil of wrought iron of the same di- mensions as the steel one, and the two eyl- inders were used in comparison with each other. Contrary to all expectations, it was found that the cylinder with the steel jacket began to stretch laterally under a pressure which produced no change in the wrought-iron coil, The experiment was considered con clusive against the use of steel for welded coils, and no further attempt was made to use it for that purpose. The duplicate of this steel coil was laid aside, and Sir Wil- liam’s attention having been lately recalled to the subject, he applied himself to discover the cause of the inferiority displayed after undergoing the process of coiling and weld ing. A piece was cut from the coil in the longitudinal direction of the bar of whieh was made, and the elastic limit was found to be only 12.5 tons per square in th, against 24 tons in the previous tempered test piece, while the breaking point was 19.1, against 28.6 in the former case The loss of duc- tility was still more decided, the elongation being only 7.5 per cent. instead of 36 per cent. A test piece wasthen cut across the welds, and this broke, not at a weld, but through the solid metal, showing that the welding was perfect. In this case the elas- tic limit was 12 tons per square inch, the breaking point 20.1 tons, and the elongatium | 6 per cent. ; | . . lessen the growth of wealth, and would also| In order to determine whether the de- have a tendency to lowe prices,” | ¢rioration which the material had sustained : ' Dan. W Bocmarps. THE IRON AGH. (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) IRON MERCHANTS, lro n and Stee I 28 & 29 West and 52 Washinaton de. Com a IRON & STEEL BOILER PLATE. Agents for Park Brother & Co.’ BLACK DIAMOND STEEL. BOILER TUBES, » Koe and Girder Iron, All sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel constantly | Amgle nan Boller and Tank Rivets. PIERSON & (CO, [!8vStem- 2 LUKENS, PENNOCKS, Established 1790, “ WA WASSET,” “ EUREKA.” 24 & 26 Broadway, 77 & 79 New St. | ROME MERCHANT IRON MILLS, Brands of Iron. Alsoal! descriptions of Plate, Sheet, and Gasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive aron. Fire Box Lron a specialty. | Sisal P a oa grade of | Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops. poo Ovals, Half Ovals oe iron, Also rom ‘eae von Hig’. pups su ne quaaty of oe branded 41 All i puad ag Ray duced mmer. Sedens ay be se the Mill or ARPE _ ER, "our Teen 2 at 59 John Be Lisek “low York FOX & DRUMMOND, RAILWAY AND 85,87, 89 & ¥1 Kim 8t., New came SPIKES. 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. 98 William Street, New York. NEW YORK OITY. Wrought Sorap, Cut Natls, Copper, IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 558, s60, 56a WATER 8T., & 302, 304, 306 CHERRY SBT., NEW YORK, have on hané, and offer for gale, the following : Scotch and Ame — Machinery Scrap Pheels, axits and Heavy Cai Seat St tego ta Phen ae Beeld Copper, Composit ion, Brass, BURDEN’S All Sizes and Shapes kept in Stock. ABEEL BROS., 190 SOUTH ST., . RK. 365 WATER 8T, | NEW YO “ULSTER” IRON, ‘‘CATASAUQUA”’ IRON, ROLLING MILL ALLENTOWN SHAFTING, MATERIAL. And full assortment of sizes of the best brands of a ee IRON, Band, Boop, Serell and Angle Iron. Cast, Spring | 68 WALL STREET, - NEW YORK. mauernone caLt,“Nassav.s».” | Marghall Lefferts & Co., A. R. WHITNEY & CO., 90 Beckman St., New York City, ufacturers ot and Dealers in MANUFACTURERS OF TRON (Galvanized Sheet Iron, Our specialty is in Best eee one Refined and Common. Mianufacturing Iron Used in the Con- gatas 4 Fence ; Galvanized struction of Fire-Proof Buildings, alvanized = Ei and Bar tron, “Burden Best” lron Galvanized W Boop and = 1 thon, — CORRUGATED SHEET IRON For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted + Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Conmumon SHEET IRON. Plate and Tank Iron, C No. 1,C H No. 1, C H No, 1 Flange, Best Flange, Boiler Rivets. Ww) Nails. — Snet Ee, © Cc. Rasen Iron Reined Bars, Tod .r8. ans and contracts Troy, N. Y. i Struct f > desert male for nD ures 0 every Pp tion. Books con cuts of all ron made sent | Best Flange Fire Box, Circles. on applicatio ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF ————— Sample pieces at office. z : Hudson ‘Street, New York. Iron Work Galvanized or Tinned to Order. U i S T a R Price list and quotations sent upon application. BORDEN & LOVELL, | james wiLLIAMson & ©0., BURDEN’S CommissionMerchants) — “7™°7-""""___/H. B. &-S. Bar Iron. PIG IRON, No. 69 Wall St., New York. ULSTER IRON WORKS. 90 Broadway, New York. Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co CARMICHAEL & EMMENS oe Noes 2,5 87 West Like &t, Ghigo, ™ | Haree Shoes, Horse Nails, IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE, Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &c, &c. BELLOWS, FORGES, VISES Tuyere Irons, Carriage and Tire Bolts, riApessio, Os falas Cott sare) eligi NEW YORK CITY. @ Costesville Iron i Polling, Mills ts, &o RASPS AND FILES, Drilling Machines, Hammers and and ay ught Wu. & Wattace Wu Brsrnaw. | Angles, Tees, Rivets Sledges. DANIEL W. RICHARDS & CO, FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC SCRAP IRON, RAILS, STEEL AND METALS. Yards and Office, 88 to 26 Mangin St., NEW YORK. Morrow B. Surrn. American & English Refined Iron. All sizes and shapes in stock. EGLESTON BROS, & CO., 486 South St? NEW YORK CITY, VOUGHT & WILLIAMS, 288 Greenwich Street, 70 & 71 West St., rye} =6 —— ~=—s New York. Agents for the sale of Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, Bands, Hoops & Rods. AND Borden Mining Company’s Cumberland Coals. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., IRON MERCHANTS Cor. Albany & Washington Sts. —— B. F. JUDSON, Importer of and Dealer in SCOTCH AND AMERICAN Pig Iron, Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, J» LD METALS. $34 335 soum se} NEW YORK. 85 South St get |e Rolling Mill. J. LEONARD, 445 to 451 West St, 177 & 179 Bank St., NEW YORK, HORSE SHOE IRON, PASSAIC ROLLING MILL CO,, Manufacture and bave always in stock ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Channels, Angles, Tees, Morchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forg- ings, Bye Bare, £o. PATERSON, N. J. Room 45, Astor House, New ¥ork, ~ CUT NAILS, — Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, “ke DOVER IRON CO. Meda, Ovals, Half Ovals and Flats. BER RIVE TF mete Jaws, Socket Bolts, & sas DAN ta Was COONEY, Boiler Brace Jaw C. BOILER "PLATES. AND SHEET IRON, WELDED BOILER FLUES, FULLER BROTHERS & CO. .22:cois 8 ees 4goD J LB Ll a | pate tna ww om es “ito Ling Milla, Chester Steel Co.'s 189 Greenwich Street, New York. | calsbrated tee Leslra eres OGDEN & WALLACE, A. B. Warner & Son,| OXFORD IRON CO.,/W, Cut Nails J. 8. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, JOHN W. QUINCY & CO., and | BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER, ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &c. HARRISON&GILLOON METAL DEALERS) sex pirates, at descriptions. n, Wrought, Cast and HORSE SHOES. The Burden Iron Company D, WOOD & C0,’S sla, - + ROADSTER & PATTERN. & PATENT Planished Sheet Iron. Patented March r4th, 1865 ; April 8th, 1873; Sept. gth, 1873 ; Oct. 6th, 1874 ; Jan. 11, 1876. Guaranteed fully equal inall respects to the Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons,|__,'MPORTED RUSSIA IRON, STEEL TOE CALKs. Extra Quality Homogeneous Steel BOILER PLATE FOR SALE by all the principal In the Large Cities throughout Cut Nails and S ikes Plate d Sh THE VISE 2. 5+ ee Iron, all deterigtions, eo 111 Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA.| SHOENBERGER & CO., ****sbzt=*» Cc. RANE, __KEYSTONE ROLLING MILL, Limited, OLD RAILS, SCRAP IRON, STEEL, Pree PIC IRON, BLOOMS, IROoO nr AND ORE. Pisestnical. NORTH BROS. Bonnell, Botsford & Co. 934 and Race Sts., Philadelphia. Fine Light and Medium-Weight GRAY| Tron, Nails & Spikes, IRON CASTINGS to order. Correspondence solicited. YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED 1RON/M ANN & JONES, 4 Hanover St., New York, am ROOFING & SIDING, siytesis aries” GENERAL IRON BROKERS MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO,, & Dey Street, New York. And Commission Merchants. W. S. MIDDLETON, Broker in Machinery & Iron FORSTER’S CRUSHER & | & PULVERIZER, w.s. meameeen wn Jehn St., N. ¥. WM. McFARLAND,. lron and Brass Founder, TRENTON, N. J. CANTON BLOOMARY CO., | Chilled Cast Wire Dies a Specialty , Collinsville, Conn. Any size or style made at short notice. W. JESUP & CO., |GRAY IRON CASTINGS. Railway Supplies and Equipment. _JOHN KEPPELMAN, Reading, Pa, No. 67 Liberty St., NEW Agents NASHUA IRON AND STEEL ‘CO., is ready to receive td ‘orders a TYRES. ySTERE AXLES, iisz “po sera tae ae” Casting? ; aleo, geeatgae STEEL sree adateas on eo eM Rate Heres whl IRON AND STEEL a FORGINGS, GLENGARNOCK AND CARNBROE SCOTCH PIG IRON. For spot delivery and for prompt or forward shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore or New Orleans. For sale in lots to suit by JAMES LEE & CO., Sole Agents for the United States. 72 Pine Street, NEW YORK. 101 Milk BOSTON, "ass LEECH BU RG "TRON WoRKS. KIRKPATRIOK _& CO. EINE SsHEnT __ZRONS, (Refined Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea NATURAL GAS usu ry— = OFFIOR. No, 143 First Ave., Pitteburgh, Pa. WORKS, Lecohburg, Pa. CHARLES IO BBAaARD, “SHERIDAN,” “LEESPORT,” “MT. LAUREL” & TEMPLES BRANDS PIG IRON. “ CHARCOAL” PIG IRON, “MAIDEN CREEK” and “NEW RIVER MINERAL” BRANDS. FAVORITE BRANDS OF SCOTCH PIG IN STOCK AND TO ARRIVE. Oid Car Wheels, Best Brands, 46 Cliff Street, New York City. JANIE: Ross, IMPORTER OF AND FURNACE AG SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON, MANUFACTURERS’ AGENT 0; Bar Iron, Car Wheels, Axles, —y and "Railroad Supplies. WHITAKER IRO lat Bai ea 4 Oe AVOn iss For Bars, Plates, Sheets & Rods of Double Extra Quality Iron. NONE BUT ae MATERIAL USED. IRON COMPANY WHEELING, W. VA., MANUFACTURERS O SHEET “IRON, TANK AND FIRE BED, 36 DEARBORN STREET, nein Joun J. 8POwxens, President. THE JERSEY CITY ’ GALVANIZING CO., GALVANIZED MATERIAL OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 4ALVANIZING IN ALL ITS BRANC Galvanized Sheet Iron—Best Bloom, Best Refined, Common. aoe cai Square Band and » &. Hoop Iron, ‘ee. All Sizes All Gauges of Corrugation and from Bizes of Sheets. 1% to 5 inches. Coerrugated Sheet [ron @ spectalty, Gatvaniaed, Bisek ens and Painted, Irom Corrugated for the Trade turn pplication. WORKS GREEN AND BAY STREETS, JERSEY CITY, Ni, J, OFFICE A AND WAREHOUSE; 98 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK. December 7, 1989, ug et th, ] IP San y December 7, 1882, Siemens’ Regenerative) HENRY LEVIs & Co., GAS FURNACE. Manufacturers’ Agents For Iron and Steel Raila, Car Wheels, Boiler and RICHMOND & POTTS, Sheet Iron and General Hailway Equipments. Old Rails, Axles, and Wheels bought and sold. 119 8. Fourth St. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 234 8. 4th 8t., Philadelphia, pe a TL ee 2 eS ee ho Cambria | d Steel Work The Cambria Iron and Steel Works, Having enjoyed for over TWENTY-FIVE YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality of RAILS, have now an annual capacity of 230,000 Tons of Iron and Stee! Rails, Splice Bars, &c. ADDRESS, CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, No. 218 South 4th Street, Philadelphia. Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. Or LENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Pine St., NW. ¥. THE PHCENIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and al) kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, and built up shapes for Iron Bridges. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every wartety of BHAPE IRON made to order, Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH. 95 Liberty Street. BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymarch St. ALAN WOOD & CoO., MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom PLATE & SHEET IRON. No. 519 Arch 8St., Philadelphia, Pa. for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, Ordere solemes ping, Ferruie, Locomotive Headlight and "Jacket Iron. Teak aad Best hee; Leh, Se cH AMEE JAS. ROWLAND & CO,, Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, ANVIL BRAND REFINED MERCHANT BAR IRON. Also, the James Rowland & Co. Renato Was from their Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivater Stee!; Skelp Iron a specialty; also Rounds, Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop Iron. PENCOYD IRON WORKS. A. & P. ROBERTS & CO., +! al Manufacturers of E CAR AXLES. BAR, ANGLE, TEE AND CHANNEL IRON. Office, No. 265 8. Fourth St., Philadelphia. Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. J. WW. PASSON ceo CO., DEALERS IN ALOUVUILDING SAND, 1021 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA, PA., MANUFACTURERS LEAD FACING, RIDDLES, SHOVELS, STEEL BRUSHES. CHARCOAL FACING, ANTHRACITE FACING, SOAPSTONE, X MINERAL, xX MINERAL, IXL FACING, ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILL COMPANY, anufacturers of Rails, Bars, Axles, ghafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. General Office, 237 South Third 8t., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa. JAMES C. BOOTH. THOMAS H. GARRETT. ANDREW A. BLAIR. BOOTH, CARRETT & BLAIR, Analytical and Consulting Chemists, 919 and 921 Chant St. (10th St. above Chestnut St.), PHILADELPHIA. PA. Established in 1836. Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys of all kinds. A special department for the ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, tted paratus and appliances for the rapid and accurate analysis of Iron Steel, Iron — we TN cers Coals, Clays. Fire Sands &c. Agents for sampling ores in New York and Baltimore. Price lists on application. CHEMICALS AND APPARATUS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ORES, IRON, STEEL, FUEL, FLUXES, FURNACE GASES, &c., Our Specialty. Being direct Importers and Manufacturers we can offer superior inducements, EIMER & AMEND, Nos. 205 to 211 Third Avenue. NEW YORK. Eighteenth Street Station Elevated R. R. Eildetetsed Catalegue Mailed ou Appitoesion, Edward J. Hiting, IRON BROKER ann COMMISSION MERCHANT, 222 &. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pig, Bar and Railroad Iron. OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &o. Agent for the MOUNT SAVAGE FIRE BRICK, The Allentown Iron Co, and the Greenwood Rolling Mill. STORAGE WHARF AND YARD DELAWARE AVENUE ABOVE CAlLLOWSILL STRE&T, sonnected by track with railroad. Oash advances made on Iron. Established 1837. A. PURVES & SON, Dealers in Scrap Iron, Metals and Machinery, Cor. South and Penn Sts., Philadelphia, Offer for sale, in lots to suit, Red or Yeliow Heavy coreg Brass ; ngot Brass, best qualities, Ingot Gun Metal made strictly from Oid Cannon; 8' eam Pumps, Shafting Pulleys, &c. Machinery an? Tools vari us descriptions. Cash .paid for Scrap Iron and nd Metals. — D.W.R. READ & CO., tmporters and dealers in FOREICN & NATIVE BESSEMER ORES. PIC IRON ENCLISH FIRE BRICK. 205 3 Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA. 442 Pearl St. 57 Gracechurch St, 67 S, Gay St., NEW YORK. LONDON, BALTIMORE, SITES & GILL, 222 and 224 8. Third 8t., Phila, Pa. DEALERS IN SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON, Old Rails, Scrap and Railroad Supplics. SCRAP IRON A Specialty. Iaaac V. Luoyp, Jas. G. Linpsar. LLOYD & LINDSAY, No. 328 Walnut &t., PHILADELPHIA, Brokers and General Dealers in Iron and Steel, Railway Equipments and Supplies, Bar, Plate and Sheet Iron. Pig Iron, Ralls and Fastenings, Muck Bars, Blooms, Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe, £0. Old Rails and Scrap Iron. Florida Yellow Pine, cargo lots. J. 0. RICHARDSON, No. 232 Dock St., Philadelphia, DEALER IN Pig tron, Merchant Bar tron and Iron Ores. J. MOHR, J. Sole Agent for Sheridan, Leesport, Temple, Millcreek and Lynchburg, BESSEMER, FOUNDRY AND FORGE PIG IRON, CHARCOAL PIC IRON. 430 Walnut St, PHILADELPHIA, PA. ~ a A. HEBERTON. S. FRawx SHARFLESS. HEBERTON & CO., Selling Agents and Commission Merchants For the sale of Pig, Bloom, Plate, Bar, Sorap, Galvania d, Black, Sheet, Pipe and Railroad IRON. No. 220 So. 3d Bt. Phila. Charcoal Bloom and Pig a specialty. JOSEPH P. REED & CO., Iron Brokers and Commission Merchants, 261 S&S. Fourth St., Philadelphia. Sole Agents for COOPER IRON MINING CO., Chester, N. J. RIDGEVIEW COAL AND COKE CoO., Latroba J.D. BOYLE’S CONNELLSVILLE COKE. HARBISON & WALKER’S FIRE BRICKS. MAGNETIC and HEMATITE | TRON ORES a Specialty. Langhorne Wister. Rodman Wister, vie, Shimer L. & R. WISTER & CO., IRON BROKERS. Scrap Iron a Specialty. Agents for the Olearfield Fire Brick Co.’s | Fire Bricks. _ ee 230 South am 4 ath St., Phtladelphia. THE LRON AGE. CHARLES K. BARNS. } JUSTICE COX, Jr. JUSTICE COX, JR. & CO., acznrs FOR CHICKIES, ST. CHARLES, MONTGOMERY Sunnae CONEWAGO AND KEYSTONE oundry & Forge Pig Iron. Best Quality Muck Bar. CATASAUQUA MFG. CO.'8 1 "ee ROLLING MILL CO., “Limited, ' Bar, Angle, Skelp and Sheet Iron. Railroad Car Axles. New and Old Rails. No, 224 So. Fourth St., «+ Philadelphta. BLAKEY & WALBAUM, 206 S. Fourth St., PHILADELPHIA, GENERAL MERCHANDISE BROKERS. SPECIALTIES, NEW AND OLD RAILS, BLOOMS, BESSEMER PIG, Spiegeleisen Iron Ores Railroad Supplies Generally. Sole Agents for the United Statens for The North Lonsdale Iron and Steel Co., Limited. Bessemer Pig Iron, brand ‘ * Ulverston." Malleable Pig Iron’ brand ‘ U. H. M.’ B. B. S. ALLEN & ©0O.’3 DINAS FIRE BRICKS JEROME KEELEY & CO., 906 Walnut Place, Philadelphia, SELLING AGENTS FOR CHARCOAL and ANTHRACITE BLOOMS, PIG TRON, BAK IRON, SHEET IRON, STEEL and IRON RAILS TRON CLAD STEEL RAITS and BARS, MAGNETIC and HEMATITE TRON ORFS FIRE BRICK, Coal fats, — i oe Handie Old Iron and Stee) ron. Am. Xamine and n ti of Iron an Coal properties. a E. H. Wilson. A. Kaiser. J. B. M. Hirons E. H. WILSON @ CO., 230 South Third Street, Philadelphia. BROKERS AND DEALERS IN IRON AND STEEL. @orrespondence solicited. J. W. HOFFMAN & C0., lron Merchants & Railway Equipments. 208 South Fourth 8St., Philadelphia. Sole agents Glasgow Iron Co. and Pine Iron Wor manufacturers of Muck Rar and all grades of Plate Celebrated “Glasgow ” “ gine’, brands for fire boxes and dificult @uaein and Bar [ron, Rails and all shapes in [ron. Saccalinns given on Bridge and Building Specificationa. SS SSSNSESeeeeennnnee THE STANDARD STEEL LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR WHEEL TIRES, Manufactured from ithe celobrated OTIS STEEL. STANDARD. Quality and efficiency fully aranteed. Prices as low as any of the same quality. We manufacture Hea Light For; Drivi 4 Crank Pir Pins, Piston be as aS Ce Se Works at Lewistown, Pa, Office, 220 S. 4th St., Philadelphia, Pa. ETHELBERT WATTS, IRON BROKER AND COMMIS- SION MERCHANT, No. 326 Wainut St., Philadelphia, | Pig, Muck and Bar Iron, Scrap, Etc. | Also, COKE, IRON ORES, BIT. COAL. | _—-—_— - ee ANDOVER PIG IRON, FOR BEST MILL PRODUCTS. | Andover Chill Iron for Carwheels, &c. | Each pig mar exact chill depth (4% Inch to 1% inch), A Waiteee & Son's standard test. . F. A. Comiy, Treas. J. Wescey Putuman, Agent 407 Walnut St... PHIL ADEL ‘PHI A. CUMBERLAND NAIL AND IRON 60. MANUFACTURERS OF Cumberland Nails and Wrought Iron Pipe 43 North Water Street and 44 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA J. TATNALL LEA & Cc 0., Buccessors to CABEEN & CU., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, No. 400 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. BESSEMBR, MILL AND FOUNDRY PIG IRON, SKELP IRON, MUCK AND SCRAP BARS NATIVE AND FOREIGN ORES, A. A. HUTCHLNSON & BRO.'S C CONNELLSVILLE COKE J. FE". BAILEY & co., 216 South 4th Street, - SELLING Pottsville Iron & Steel Co.’s Beams, Angles, Channels, Rails and Bars, - PUILADELPIIIA, AGENTS, A. & P. RBOBERTS & CO.’S Car Axles, Plates, Channeis, Tees, Angies and Bar Iron. Universal and Sheared Plates for Bridge and Other Work. ll attention give n to all kinds of Structural tro CHAINS. Cranes } i BRADLEE & CO., EMPIRE CHAIN WORKS, 816 Richmond St., Philadelphia. Special attention iven to the Manufacture of Chains for ’ Special Mining and Dredging Chains; “DD, B. G Bh crane Omain, se 5 was permanent, or whether this quality could be restored, a portion of the welded coil was hammered out in length, and re- duced from a piece of about 5 inches and 2 inches thick to a section of 1 inch square. A test piece from this bar showed a com- plete restoration of the fine qualities of ths steel. The limit of elasticity rose to 21 tons, the breaking point to 27 tons, and the elonga- tion to 36.5 per cent. It was remarkable, however, that after this treatment no fur- ther increase of strength was obtained by = renewal of the tempering process. The fracture of the test piece from the original bar was slate colored, and of the character usually called fibrous. The test pieces from the coil showed a coarsely granular fracture, but in the restored state, effected by ham- mering, the fracture again become slate colored and fibrous. Thinking it possible that the coil might have been overheated im the welding process, Sir William had a pile made with a number of small slabs of the restored material, and welded at a somewhat lower heat than had been applied on making the coil, but test pieces cut across the pile in variably failed at the junctions with a ve insignificant strain, showing that the oak ing heat could not be reduced consistently with sound welds. In order to ascertain whether it was the heating or the hammering that had injured the welded coil, a piece of the material was cut from the coil and restored to a good con- dition by drawing under the hammer, and then, heated up to the welding point, allowed to cool without being hammered for weld- ing. In this case the fracture showed no change of crystalline structure, nor was there any decided alteration in quality, ex- cept that the hardening effect of the ham- mering was removed. It began to stretch at a low limit, viz., 12.5 tons per square inch, but its breaking point was 25.2, which was higher than in the original bar. The elonga- tion remained nearly the same, being 34 per cent., so that the mere heating to a welding temperature without disturbing the particles by hammering had no serious detrimental effect. Sir William then took a piece of the steel in the restored condition, and after heating it to the welding point, delivered upon it in that state a single blow of a ham-~ mer sufficient to crush it into half its thick- ness. The result was that the flattened pi divided into fissures all round the es. For the purpose of comparison, a piece of wrought iron was selected at random from a scrap heap and treated exactly in the same manner. The result was that the iron bore the blow, flattening it to the same extent as the steel without showing the slightest fis- sure on its edges. An examination of the specimens showed that the steel, though dif- fering little from the iron in the amount of carbonization, was in a state of fusibility when heated to the welding point, while the iron remained perfectly plastic. The conclu- sion was thus confirmed that it is the disturb- ance of the particles in this friable state, and not the mere heating, which exercises the injurious effect in the welding process. Sir William was not surprised to find that the coil itself had derived no benefit from the tempering, because, although steel so low im carbon as this sample is considerably im- proved by tempering when the piece sub- jected to the process is of small dimensions, yet, when the bulk is considerable, the cool- ing in the oil is not sufficiently rapid to pro- duce any decided effect. Experiments were then made upon a block of gun steel containing 34 per cent. of car- bon, and which had been rejected on accounts of its deficient tensile strength. A test piece, cut from the block as received from the maker, began to stretch permanently at Ir tons per square inch, breaking at 29.4 tons per square inch, with an elongation of 24.25 per cent.; but a piece of the same steel, drawn out under the hammer at a red heat from a thickness of 5 inches to a thickness of 1% inches, resisted 19 tons, instead of 11, without a stretch, and a breaking strain of 27.5, against 24.25. A piece of the same steel, 5 inches long by 4 inches thick, having been tempered in oil, gave a test piece show~- ing a further increase of strength, with little diminution of ductility. It began to stretch at 23 tons, breaking at 36.5 tons, and elonga~- ting 21 per cent. Various attempts were made to weld this steel in a pile of slabs, but it was found impossible to make sound joints, and the steel was even more deteriorated than had been the case with the previous sample ; but a piece of this material, spoiled in the attempt to weld it, having been drawn out into a bar of 1 inch square, proved to be far stronger than in the original state. Iti stood 24 tons per square inch before stretch- ing, against 11 tons in the previous untem- pered state, and 33.6 tons before breaking, against 29.4, but the elongation was reduced from 24.25 per cent. to 15 per cent. The fracture in this case was of the same charac- ter asin the original piece, and showed no indication whatever of the previous