The Iron Age 1882-11-02: Vol 30 Iss 18

‘The Iron Age | A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by Davip Writiams, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. | IVES lass. AND >: Vol. Act . No. 18. Microscopical Examinations of Iron. Microscopical examinations of metal have at different times engaged the attention of the engineering profession, and some of the results obtained by Mr. A. Martens, of Ber- lin, Germany, who has bestowed much time and labor upon this very interesting and val- | uable subject, may therefore not be without interest. Mr. Martens submitted a record of his various experiments and results in a paper recently read before the Verein zur Befoerderung des Gewerbfleisses, an lalthough ackriowledging that so far he has not been able to obtain results which he himself would consider conclusive, he still is confident that microscopical analysis will find a place as rival to chemical analysis in the investiga- tion of qualities of metals, principally iron and steel. Certain peculiarities and charac- teristics, due especially to the various me- chanical operations the material undergoes, either during the process of manufacture or molecular changes due to the manner in state, the resulting mass would be almost uniform in chemical composition and struc- ture. We say almost uniform, because abso- lute uniformity is out of the question, even when the iron is in the molten condition, owing to the variable composition of the lin- ing of the furnace, and the variable degrees of heat in different parts, produced by a change in the composition of the combustible gases. Sudden cooling, however, undoubt- edly favors greater uniformity than slow cooling, which may be seen very clearly in connection with pig iron. separate in such a way that different parts of the iron are of different composition, or, in other words, that they behave differently when subjected to chemical or mechanical tests, then there is every reason to suppose If the elements | that the difference in composition may be de- | | tioned. |tected by closely examining the fracture. |Sometimes such difference may be detected even without the use of a magnifying glass. | Conclusions as to the use to which iron may | | be put may very often be based upon exami- which it is strained in performing its func- | nations of this kind, and the reliability of the | | ismall magnifying powers. Fractures of metals should, for this reason, be examined 'under microscopes of small magnifying power, the limit depending upon the size of the object. The conditions, however, are changed con- siderably if, instead of the fractured surface, we examine a cross-section through the piece, the surface so obtained having been ground, polished, and finally treated with acids in order to clearly develop the outlines of the different elements. Surfaces of this kind are shown in the engravings which we pre- sent in connection with this article. It sometimes happens that the outlines be- come distinct immediately after grinding and polishing, but, as a rule, they are erfectly developed only after the surfaces ave been treated with acids as above men- If, now, the same chemical or mechanical treatment would be found to yield the same observations with each element, if, in other words, similar causes would produce similar effects, then the composition of the whole | New York, Thursday, November 2, 1882. eisen, or only of rare occurrence. Fig. 1 represents an excellent example of the crys tallization of gray pig iron, the separate crystals combining to form the figure shown in the engraving. Crystals of spiegeleisen may be easily recognized by their large plane surfaces, which jn turn consist of a number of smaller crystals arranged in the same plane. These surfaces, when treated with acids for a long time, may be reduced to exceedingly small pieces, which can be detected only by the aid of the microscope. Perfectly developed crystals of spiegeleisen are of the shape shown in Fig. 4, the ends, as a rule, not hav ing a sharp outline ; but nothing definite can be said on this point, as the crystals are gen erally too small for accurate observations As shown by microscopical examinations, crystals of iron are not perfectly pure, al though it has been attempted to prove that crystals having the shape shown in Fig. 1, and which Mr. Martens calls “ fir tree crys- tals,” actually consist of pure iron. Crystals of both gray and white iron occur together, $L.456 a Year, Including PostvG Single Copies, Ten Cents. scopical investigations in this latter branch justify the assumption that microscopical eXaminations of metals may yet be a method of research by no means to be ignored. The success of the practical application of this method of investigation depends in a great measure upon the ease and convenience with which the different operations may be caried out, and a little consideration will show that there are no very great difficulties to be overcome. The preparation of the specimens requires no great degree of skill, and is, in fact, easily carried out in work- shops where the few necessary appliances are readily available. In preparing his sam- ples Mr. Martens employed the small appa- ratus used in grinding lenses for optical in- struments, making such simple changes as were found urgently necessary, and as our readers are probably familiar with the appli- ance, further explanatory remarks in re- gard to it may be omitted. The acid em- ployed in developing the different elements should be greatly diluted, and the longer the time occupied in the process of development —— so 2c = rea jote ae r other » list. } tte > * 8 € idle. " JUBLE | TING. 7 ’ Per t Pair. $1.60 ; : ath . Fig. 4.—Crystals of Spiegeleisen. Fig. 5.—Fractured Surface of Glass. Fig. 6.—Fractured Surface of Glass. Fig. 7.—Furrows on Fractured Surface of Tool Steel. 2.00 MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATIONS OF IKON. ¢ 2.59 \ 590 ° o- + + thod ia | 2 . lea . © . ° . ° a ‘ 3-5 tions as part of a mechanical structure, can oeeme sufficient for all practical purposes, | cross-section might be readily determined, | especially in iron which contains a large | the more satisfactory will be the result ob- 9 * catichartarily = ar ac : | » . mW ae > abe probably be best and m st sa isfactorily to Pr vic 7 the material has undergone no com-|and it would perhaps be possible to deter- proportion of manganese. tained. The acid solutions employed by Mr. i . , ar : he »Proscont ut of 985 ant shor : nah - : . . , 4 , vestigated by means of the microscope Sut p : a process of manufacture. The un-| mine the applicability of the material fox One of the most important points in con- Martens were in the proportion of about one IF Ane even the chemical composition can partly is) ia vility of the method increases, however, | certain purposes as readily by means of | nection with microscopical research is the , part of acid to one thousand parts of water. . now, and probably will as tho result of with the number of changes to which the | microscopical examinations as by chemical | preparation of the surfaces to be examined, I'he microscope employed in examining / — further search, be more exactly ascertained ir we ibjected during manufacture, and | analysis. This point, however, has not yet | These should be treated in such a way as to the crystals is somewhat different from the | . by the microscope. _ | the difficulty of arriving at correct conclu- | been reached, and Mr. Martens merely | make the separace surfaces very distinct, as, | one generally employed, and that used by Mr { _ According to Mr, Martens, the molten pig sions is due to the structure of the iron, | pointed to the possibility of obtaining results | for example, the different elements of white Marteus was of the form shown in Fig. 8 iron as it issues from the furnace may be re-| which naturally influences the character of indicated above. An examination of a speci-| and g.ay pigiron. This might be done by Ordinary microscopes are specially ad upted ‘4 garded as a solution of a number of different the fracture and prevents the examiner from men of gray pig iron showed that the sh irp | the aid of chemicals, or by heating the speci- | for transparent objects of , ry small thick ; bodies in liquid iron, som » of whi *h are in a forming a correct opinion of the probable veins of graphite in but few cases touchsu| mens in an alcohol flame. The different ness, and the range of bulk admissible under 1 » to state of chemical combination, while others nature of the material. Some portions of the the surface of the white iron, thus favoring particles, according to their composition, them is generally extremely limited. Arti i —. merely dissolved mechanically. — — nae exhibit a greater tendency to break the assumption that on cooling, the graphite | would by the latter method color more or ficial light thrown on the subject is in most tf . ies may be both in the gaseous and solid than others, and, as a consequence, these attracted the carbon combined with the iron, | less rapidly, and the surface of the spiegel- | cases considered unnecessary by Mr. Mar * —e state, shown by the occurrence of hydrogen, | sp scial portions will be more conspicuous on the specimen having the appearance shown | eisen, for instance, would be coated with a tens Ho recommends, however. the use of carbonic oxide, nitrogen, carbon, silicon, > -— of oe fracture, and will undoubt- in Fig. 2. The light portions represent! yellow oxide, while those of gray pig iron lenses which admit a distance from the ob n C . manganese, &c. These foreign elements are & ly favor the formation of erroneous con- white iron, the dark gray background, gray | would have acquired a perfectly blue tint. | ject of about 3% inch. The microscope shown "i ases. introduced with the ores, fluxes and fuel, | clusions. As an example affording a strik- iron, while the veins of graphite are indi-| In this connection it should be stated that in our engraving consists of an ordinary m ' ir i y ’ : ine illustrati - av cite » anfee ban ‘ : Srl * i , ae tn i vin sists of ¢ rdinary 1 ane their proporti ms depend upo ithe method ae rein we may cite gray pig iron, in cated by the sharply delined black lines} when looking at the samples prepa:ed inthis croscopic tabe, titted with suitable lenses of ‘ ° 7 nm < hea ‘ , . * “Ur ‘ > . , > Stee il . . - ’ R of charging and the condition of the fur- | w 1ich the fracture occurs in the planes of | which may be readily distinguished by the| way under the microscope, the yellow por- moderate power, and the novelty consists . KK. nace, and their appearance in the Solid iron the different flakes of graphite, and the lat- reader. In a specimen of spiegeleisen shown | tions, as a rule, appear lower than the blue chiefly in the way it is mounted. | It is held hi is influenced, in a great measure, by the ter is therefore more conspicuous than the in Fig. 3, the individual figures have a more ' i K method of cooling. The property of iron of dissolving impurities may be very appro priately compared to that of water, the sol- vent action of the metal depending upon its temperature, larger quantities of foreign the difficulty, moreover, being appreciably which is distributed throuzh the spiegelei-| fering greatly from that usually adopted. pinion arrangement Che table itself con- : bodies being taken up at high temperatures | increased by unavoidable defects of the mi- sen. The dark portions of Fig. 3, would, | The different structural elements must first | tains a lar od ircular openin : in which —- j than at low ones, and partly separated on | croscope employed. The field of vision is therefore, correspond to the gray pig iron, | be made easily discernible and then classified ,a half sphere, the anal covaiiiaa aa | = iW cooling. This separation may be regarded as confined within narrow limits, and if we while the light portions would represent the | according to their composition c his having | serv. san object table and be wy tw ze . a process of crystallization, the exceedingly | wish to obtain a clear and distinct image of spiegel. hese phenomena are undoubtedly | Seeds the different portions are oon urted |ing this a here the obsiect a yo or minute particles thus formed attracting other the object, the latter should be in a plane as_ closely connected with the crystallization of | either by chemical - mechanical mi un ! ught int ; ny Recioad pe sition seg . ; and similar particles, until finally the crys talline appearance is produced which is so frequently observed. ‘The separation of the different bodies requires a certain amount of | time, andif it were possible to change the iron from the fluid immediately into the solid | become blurred and indistinct, even with | iron. A protracted study of the fractured surface, even by means of magnifying glasses, can therefore afford no clue in re- gard to the probable composition of the iron, nearly at right angles to the optical axis of the instrument as possible. Any deviation from this direction causes the object to ap- pear out of proportion, and if the differences are appreciable the outlines of the object will definite shape, often resembling small fir trees which end in lines, and finally in points. Similar observations have also been made in connection with soft gray pig iron, iron, and the conditions of crystallization are for this reason worthy of further remark. The crystals of graphite consist of a series | of hexagonal scales, and the flakes, as a rule, occur in a developed state only in gray pig | iron, being either entirely absent in splegel- | ones, while in reality the latter are lower than the former. It will be readily seen that chemistry cannot be entirely dispensed with in examinations of this kind, but chem ical means must be employed in a way dif eud subjected to chemical analysis, th checking the results previously arrived at by the method given above. both methods combined thus bear a remarkable resemb lance to the method pursued in anatomical researches, And the progress made in micro observation is wipeu above the table by a knee piece, fitted at each end with a large ball-and-socket joint, which can, by means of set-screws, be tixed in any desired position, the more d ments being effected by the usual raeck-and- licate adjust the best inclination for both licht and {n order to prevent this spher- ical table from sliding too freely, its surface if ver with a little tallow Che mak ers of this modified instrument are Messrs, (Continued on page 9.) a . = =<. —— Guumquee lees | as aan —— Ee 2 THE IRON AGE. November™2, 1889, -ANSONIA BRASS & COPPER CO,, No. 19 Cliff Street, Phelps Building. NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms. PURE COPPER WIRE For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Phosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. ANSONIA REFINED INCOT COPPER. PHELPS, DODGE & CO. Mfg. Company, MANUFACTURERS OF German Silver and Gilding Metal, Copper Rivets and Burs, Waterbury “Brass Co, CAPITAL, - - $400,000. Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, GERMAN SILVER, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, COPPER RIVETS & BURS, BRASS KETTLES, Door Rail, Brass Tags, PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASES. Metallic Eyetets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, dc. And small Brass Wares of every Description. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. Sole Agents for the Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kerosene Burners, 13 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Rolling Mill, Factories, The Plume & Atwood SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, Copper Electrical Wire, Pins, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 18 Murray Street, New York. THOMASTON, Ct.| WATERBURY, Ct. Bridgeport Brass Co., CHARLES F. WASHBURN, i i. PHILIP L. MOEN, | Presi dent & Treasurer. Vice President & Secretary. Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. Established, 1831. Capital, $1,500,000 WORCESTER, MASS. ' WIRE DRAWERS. Patent Galvanizing, Rolling and Tempering, MANUFACTURERS OF TRON, AND IRON AND STEEL WIRE. Of Every Description. at ee ieee A SPECIALTY MADE OF | GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE, GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WIRE, | f 3 [ ing Goods. CRORE L PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TIES, ; IMPORTERS OF aanetes guiite At PATENT STEEL BARB FENCING, Ti Ni p LATE 296 Broadway, New York, WATERBURY, Sheet and Roll Brass, AND PUMP CHAIN. 7 9 ' ' 125 Eddy St, Providence, R. 1. © Conn, Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, ROOFING PLATE, : 5 Ww AREHOUSES} Noe fend eee Feat Serene Sect Iron, Copper, Pig Tin Wire, German Silver Metal and Wire, \ : Zinc, &c. Copper and Iron Rivets. A - es mame! " Detroit Copper & Brass , MANUFACTURERS OF} OILERS and CUSPADORES, { LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, . S LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, C 0 P P E R A N D B R AS S. 0 Ing | S; Clocks & Fly Fan Movements, | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS, NEW YORK. manufacturing Metal Goode. BRAZIERS’ AND SHEATHING COPPER, ROLLED, SHEET & PLATERS’ BRASS GERMAN OR NICKEL SILVER, Copper Wire for Electrical and other purposes, Bras and German Silver Wire, Oopper Rivets and Burrs, COPPER BOTTOMS FOR TEA KETTLES AND BOILERS, Cor. Larned & Fourth Sts., Detroit, Mich. CLIFF STREET, SCOVILL MFC CO BRASS 9 HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. ——~>——_ MANUFACTORY, WAREHOUSE, arenes, Conn. HARRISON WIRE CO, ST. LOUIS, MO., MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF ROME IRON WORKS, DEPOTS, FACTORIES, 4194421 Broome St. Mi, Y. Waterbury, Conn, Manufacturers of 177 Devonshire St., Boston. New Haven Conn. ‘ 143 Lake St.» Chicago. New Yok Civ. | Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- Sate tact Ch oe Holmes, Booth & Haydens, WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORK, BOSTON, OT teeta DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO.,} per and German Silver Importers of (in Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper,| COPPER & BRASS RIVETS Wire, Zinc, Etc. AND BURS. 29 & 31 OU St., cor. Fulton, Rome, New York. D C¥ERSON & CO., Liverposl. NEW YORK. ~ A. CG. NORTHROP, Waterbury, Conn., NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS FOR HARDWARE TRADE. roug’ Brass Machine Screws; Round and Square Head Cap and Bet pee ae oe iron Safet y and Jack énain; “gue Ni ice! Plat Plated and Bronze Trimmings of all Brass Steel or Kinds. from Sh = caeeed articles, Or or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and 49 Chambers St. 18 Federal St. Manufacturers of a)! kinds of Brass, Conper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs, BRASS & IRON — JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. WORKS ROESLINGS N York Off German Silver Spoons, = a = og" > TSILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, TRENTON, Warehouse, Kerosene Burners, &c. 117 Liberty Street. | JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Agents for Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., Dealers in Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, 100 John Street, New ¥ ork. PASSAIC ZINC CO. Manufacturers of Pure Spelter FOR Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK, Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen’l Agents, 113 Liberty Street, N. ¥. THE JOHN A, ROEBLING'S SONS CO., WIRE ROPE GALVANIZED Iron, Steel 2 and Copper, Telegraph Wire, Hoisting Purposes ot ai! Market Wire, kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Sbip Migging, Sash Cords, Vineyard Wire. Buckle Wire, Spring Wire Ligutning Rods, &c., &c. ‘ : enenenae’ Bridge Cables. Rivet Wire, &c., &c. CALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. BRODERICK & BASCOM ROPE CO., MANUFACTURERS OF Iron and Steel WIRE FOR Market Wire, Fence Wire, Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, — aad WIRE RO 3 Geo. W. Prentiss & Co.. HOLYOKE, MASS., MANUFACTURERS OF BRODERICK& BASCOM ROPE CO. IRON WIRE ROPE, STEEL WIRE ROPE, 728 N. Main St., St. Louis, Mo. WORCESTER Wink Co.. F aaa s" , emeig : ui 3 Bright, Coppered, Annealed and Tin Plated, Also GUN SCREW WIRE Of all sizes straightened and cut to order. Manufacturers of IRON AND STEEL WIRE For all Purposes. WORCESTER, MASS, ae iF” = a @ | BROWNING, SISUM & CO., 85 Chambers St., . = Manufacture == | Belt Hooks, Cotters, Spring Keys, D Rings, = § Mtaples, and overzshing pertaining $0 wire bending. Factor BROOKLYN, Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and 19 survey & St., N. ¥. BRASS & COPPER WIRE, Tarred Lathyarn, | Manila Rope. “NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS.” Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York, And California Wire Works Co., San Francisco, Cal. Manufactory, Nos, 1197, 1199, 120%, 1203, 1205, 1207, 120g and 1211 De Kalb Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. HOWARD & MORSE, MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS, COPPER & IRON WIRE CLOTH. i; ANA IY aK oe an Ag ayy Galvani ized Arbor or Summer House, Wire ee, patty Pillar Garden Arch, “Eine oe RIDDLES, COAL AND SAND SCREENS. Iron and Steel Locomotive Spark Wire Cloth, Wire Cloth for Sugar, Milk and Rosin Strainers, Dutch Wire Cloth, Square Wire Smut Cloth, Wire Bolting Cloth, Heavy Rolled Cloth for Malt Kiln Floors, Wire Work, Wire Fence, Railing and Guards, a Hand and Railroad Lanterns, ABRAM 8, 8S. HE WIT ae Pres ident JAMES HALL, Treasurer. WM. HEWITT, Vice P resident, E. HANSON, Secretary. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, (INCORPORATED 1837), TRENTON, N. J... Manufacturers of IRONand STEELWIRE OF ALL CRADES, . BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED Iron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths, New York Office, COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 1 17 Burling Slip. Philadelphia Office, JOHN HEWITT. Agent. a1 North Fourth St. RON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &€ CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND, Address : HAZARD MFG. MFG. 00., Wilkesbarre, re, Luzerne ne Co., Pa, Pa. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germany. PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables. SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, Flusseisen, Swedish and German Charcoal Wire. GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and in long lengths. GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, 4 and 7-ply Strand, Staples, &e. Annealed and Oiled Fencing jire, round and oval WiRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, TELEGRAPH CABLES. Contractors to the German and Foreign governments. The oldest house in the braneb on the Con- tinent. Telegraph Address, CAKLSW ERK, COLOGNE, General Agents for U. 8. and Canada, PERKINS & CHOATE, 23 Nassau St, N. Y. Ae LESCHEN < SON, Manufacturers ‘Soulm|s ‘Buiyoeg dwoy OF EVERY DESCHIPTION. 9 to 923 N. Main St, ST. LOUIS, M0, Correspondence invited, S 0. LINDEMANN & C0., Manufacturers of all kinds of Japanned, Brass & Tin Plated | pio CAGES. Catalogues furnished to the trade. 254 Pearl St., NEW YORK. POPE, COLE & Co. BALTIMORE « | GOPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., sis Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Also Cakes, of unequaled — and piles canoe . 6. Gunther, Manufacturer of Patented Brass, Silver Plated and Japanned BIRD CAGES. Can be nested for ex- port shipments. 46 Park Place, - NEW YORK. oth, Largest variety in patterns and unsurpassed in low prices. New lilustrated Catalogues and Price Lists on application. Se FOUNDRYMEN’S METALLIC Pattern Letters and Figures, To put on patterns of castings. All sizes. Re- ye duced prices. Mnfd. by H. W, Knight, Seneca Falls, N.Y. , Bergen Port S pelter. MINES : WORKS & FURNACES, Lehigh Valley, Pa Bergen Port, N. J. 5 The only Miners and Manufacturers of PURE E, LEHICH SPELTER From Lehigh Ore. LE Especially adapted for Cartridge Metal and German Silver. Also manufacturers of acing BERGEN PORT OXIDE ZINC. Superior for Liguip Paurt on account of its body aud wearing properties. BERCEN PORT ZINC CO. E. A. FISHER, ee 13 esses Slip, N. Y. A. MEANS, Manager. Con- CALVIN WELLS, President. : ILLINOIS ZINC CO., MANUFACTURERS OF = @ : SHEET ZINC io 2 4 = PERU, ILLINOIS. Z aS - s » ent, oe E. A. FISHER, he 18 Burling Slip, Now York, POWER PRESSES RIVET MACHINES, Special Machinery to Order. BLAFK EE: & JOHNSON, CARYW & MOEN, Manufacturers of STEEL WIRE for all purposes and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. Anis CT yy) yin OL LEE ELKLLL LL ELE ELEL LEAL ALALALLALAL ES SILLISSAIA SIS MASS VISSSITIISISISITSAATATASS Market Stee! Wire. Crinolime Wire, tempered and coverea. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. 934, 936 and 2 238 West 29th Street, - - - - - NEW YORK. IRON and BRASS RIVETS STODS, PINS, &Xc., For Manufacturers of Light Hardware. WATERBURY, CONN. SPECIAL SOFT STEELS of every desired shape for Car and Locomotive construction, Which weld as easy as iron, reduce dead weight 30 to 60 per cent., and make relative cost no greater than i:on, made by GAUTIER STEEL DE- PARTMENT of Cambria Iron Co., Johnstown, Pa. [No. 21.] THOMPSON’ S PATENT. FOR Wet Pulverization of Rocks, Ores, Rolling Mill Fix AND OTHER MATERIAL, EITHER COARSE OR TO AN IMPALPABLE POWDER. STEPHEN P. M. TASKER, SOLE MANUFACTURER, Care of MORRIS, TASKER & CO., Limited, PHILADELPHIA, U. 8. A Centrifugal force applied to a rolling ball for the purpose of pulverizing. Tested thoroughly and guaranteed to yield a greater product of pulverized material of equal fineness in a given time with less wear, less power, less first cost and less cost for repairs than stamps or any other pulveriser. J. A. EMERIOK. HOWARD EVANS MOLDERS’ TOOLS, FOUNDRY FACINC, MOLDING SAND, FOUNDRY SUPPLIES, J. A. EMERICK & CO 1056 to 1076 Beach St., PHILADELPHIA, ESTABLISHED 1837. INCORPORATED 1876. H. S. Cuass, Sec’y C. F. Pope, Treas Waterbury Mig. Co., WATERBURY, CONN. Brass Goods. MENDEN & SCHWERTE IRON AND STEEL WIRE WORKS, AT SCHWERTE, WESTPHALIA, GERMANY. The | it Wire Works in the world. Make, on 12 trains, STEEL AND IRON WIRE RODS of al! dimensions down to No. 8 and 9, Stubs gone. Also, FINE IRON, HOOP IRON, BAR IKON in all imensions and qualities. SOLE AGENTS FOR THE UNITED STATES: WOLTMAN & MICHKERTS, ST. LOUIS, MO. THE IRON AGH. Mining and Its Cost in Sweden. | is at present 800 feet. At smaller mines the paneseninaiis same power is sometimes employed for rais- Prof. R. Akerman, of Stockholm, Sweden, | ing both ore and water, but generally differ- so well known in metallurgical circles, has ©" Motors are used for these purposes. As submitted an interesting report on the above | Sweden abounds in streams, available water f which | power is, as a rule, to be found in the neigh borhood of mines, and to bring the water- power to tee mines there are employed so called ‘‘ kontsgangar,” consisting of wooden ; subject, the following translation « | appeared in a recent issue of Jron (London) Miners in Sweden are generally paid by piecework, at some place es according to the ‘quantity of rock brok« out, but mostly | pipes joined together at the end, and in jaccording to the length “of hole bored, and | Some i a wire ropes. Such ‘‘ konts sometimes these two methods of payment are ingar,” which sometimes have a length of combined, and the workmen then paid for | [9,000 feet, are very common for bringing ‘the length of hole bored by each. If day|the water-power to the pumping stations, wages ure paid, the miners receive from 37 but they are seldom employed for raising to 62 cents per day ; but, in addition to this, | the ore, steam being mostly employed for lthey have many advantages, such as free|this purpose, especially where the distance | dwelling house, fuel, potato land, fodder for | between the mine and the nearest waterfall a cow, &Cc., sv that it is difficult to give the | is too great to allow of the use of wire ropes. exact amount of their earning Single- | Steam power must, however, sometimes be handec, or ‘‘ one man’s boring,” is now gen- | employed for raising the water in certain eral, by which method one man strikes with nes. In the year 1880 there were 193 the hammer while managing the boring tool, | steam engines in use in the Swedish iron in- but at some places the so-called ‘* two men’s | dustry, of which 83 were employed in the boring” is stillin use. The bore-holes hav mines, but most of these were only of a diameter of from 8 to 9 jines, and the cost » 16 horse-power That both the num is from | ber and the power of the steam engines em- in Sweden must, in course of for downward boring, *‘ under hand,” 5 to 12 cents per foot, according as the work- | ployed at mine time, be considerably increased is certain, in uments: but for boring upward, ‘‘ over-| consequence of the increasing depth of the hand "—‘‘ dry boring ”—often twiceas much | mines and growing demand for ore. Where Steel is now exclusively used for hammers | water-power has hitherto sufficed for raising and boring tools, and the most common ex [a small quantity of ore from a limited depth, plosives used are mining powder—both vy i stronger motor will soon be required. inen, besides wages, have more or less emol round grains and in the form of cartridges If the period of prosperity for the Swedish and dynamite, as well as others mixed with | iron manufacture, which began in 1871 and nitro-ylycerine, a3, for instance, sebastine | ended in 1873, is excepted, the demand for In consequence of the numerous accidents, sh ore has from year to year been in the use of nitro-glycerine in its pure form preportion to the supply, which has been met was strictly prohibited some years agu, but ithout difficulty, on account of which also as this prohibition has of late been relaxed, he price of iron ore before the period just its use 1s again frequent lhe work a miner | Wientioned was at most mines so low—20 to is capable of pertornung naturaliy vari | pre per Cwl, (O1.29 to SI.gI per ton)—that according to the hardness of the gangue, his hd only object of the mine owner was to own skill and the explosives employed, but et} up at the lowest possible cost, for the oc- the following figures may be quoted a un } sion, the exact quantity of ore necessary approximate average Per day and per) tor the year’s demand. Such a way of work- man it is commonly 5 to 8 feet downward, | ing a mine is, however, not compatible with sometimes even 10 to 12 feet ; but with bor 1 truly rational method ; and it may further ing upward, only half as much; and per | be a question whether such a method is at all month a workman may break as much as 50 | possible in mines where, as is the case in tons of rock, while the quantity of explosive many places in Sweden, the same deposit of used of the more powerful kind is I pound | ore, in a nearly vertical position, is worked to 1 to 2 ewt. of rock, or, if mining powder, | not by a single company, but is divided 40 to 60 ewt. The cost of the dressed ore on | among several ditterent owners, who each the bank amounts to from g to 35 dre per] work in their respective holes, and are apt to cwt., or 62 cents to $2.20 per ton me into collision with each other under- The winning of the ore is ganerally carried | ground, and although at many of the larger on by sinking shafts, driving levels and un- | mining fields the available water power may derhand stoping, in such a manner that, | frequently be insufticient for raising a large when a shait has been excavated through juantity of ore, it can perhaps scarcely be the loose layer of earth, and so deep into the | denied that a greater effect might be obtained bed of the ore itself that the part of the solid | al all mines sunk on the same deposit were rock which has been bored through is consid united and worked together, so that the rais- ered to atftord a secure roof, levels are laid | ing ot ore and water might be carried on in out in the direction of the strike ; and while | a iew shafts, instead of, as is now the case, thus the main sinking or shaft ope ned from | every separate sinking hav ing its own wind- the outset is continued steadily dowuward ing gear, and being worked by itself Al the ore is taken out by underhand stopin hough it is admitted that the arrangements the necessary supports being left for th nd working at many of the Swedish mines walls of the mine. The space in the mine | 4re susceptible of improvement, it ought to from which ore has been removed is thus, in | be ported out, on the other hand, that a general, left open or unfilled, and it is only in reater part of the iron deposits in Sweden some of the iron mines whose sides, in couse ire too limited in extent, and the supply of quence of cracks and loose places, cannot be re too uncertain, to admit of any great out- kept up by supports, that close timberin AY 3 aud also that the existing state of must be resorted to; still, of late years, the lings is, to a great extent, caused by defec vacant spaces have, 1m some munes, been re tive arrangements in tlues gone by, which filled with barren rock, and the ores the: uuld not possibly be rectified without great taken out by overhand stoping. At most | difficulty and expense, and without the com- Swedish mines the latter method of workin ied action of several very divergent inter- is certainly unnecessary, but it is probabk ts. Besides this, it should also be borne that in future it will be oftener used, as 1 nund that, as regards transport, even the many mines have, with the other method more extensive mining fields in that country working, become insecure. On the other | Were, up to the last few years, devoid of rail- hand, the want of sterile rock for tilling th yay communication, and therefore the send vacaut space will prevent its adoprion at sey ng of ore any cousiderable distance was, if eral mimug fields, as nearly half as much i 10l an Umpossibility, at least attended with required for this purpose as the entire mas reat risk and expense, of rock broken out. When the shaft is pe: During the last five or ten years many pendicular, the ore is taken out of the mine | modern unprovements have, however, been in barrels (kibbles), either made of wood and | introduced into the mining industry of hooped with iron, or of Bessemer meta sweden ; and there is no doubt that, had which hold 6 to 8 cubic feet, or from 9 to 1 he high prices which Swedish ore fetched ewt. of rock, and these are hoisted to the | ‘eu years ago been maintained a little longer, bank by wire ropes. When the shaft is in- } mine owners would have borne any expense clined, there are either employed so-called | in order to increase and generally improve ‘glantways,” along which the ore is raiset | their, production, But the present unpromis in barrels, or railways, both following the | ‘ug state of the irop trade, when they have slope of the shaft, and if a railway is con-| the greatest difficulty in getting rid of their structed, the ore is, in that case, loaded int: imated yearly output—large enough only to wagons (‘‘dogs’ or ‘‘bears”) which hold | cover the cost of raising—will certainly not from 15 to 22 ewt. of rock. For the horizon ucourage the mine owners in that country tal conveyance of the ore to the place any further outlay ol! capital It ought, from where it is raised, wheelbarro however, to be added that, while the present —and, where tho distance is short, hand- | price f Swedish ore cannot of course com barrows—have hitherto been mostly used, | pare h those paid 6 or 8 years agu, but now railways begin to be m 1Z Kr. ¢ to kr. 1.7 per cewt. on the employed in their place I'he ore is further | bank (34 tu $7.30 per ton), they have not as a rule, reloaded at the shaft, and it ts onl eceded to the tixures Common 10 or 12 years when the hoisting 1s carried on with barrels as th r"¢ which theu tched on the and a railway simultaneously employed tu yank fror to 3 re per cwt. ($1.29 to$1.g1 its conveyance fromthe workin uuber to | Lol i now fetch from 30 to 4 ire pet the shaft—as is, for instance, the case with | cwt. (3! to $ 3 per ton) overhand stoping—that the vre 1 rised With regard to the improved railway com the bank without reloadin; On the othe: | wun ition in Sweden referred to above, it hand, there is not found in any Swedish iron | ought to be pomted out that this is a factor mine such an arrangement for raising }ol vital Unporlance in the iron industry of eral wagons simultaneously as is found untry, particularly as regards the nearly every mine in Knyland, and which i ransport of oré in Sweden the latter has so necessary for raising any large quantity | re ted long distances in order to be of ore at once The cause of this is, in the | sinelted, Lurnaces being erected only where first place, the way in which the wining is | there Is a plenul ipply of fuel, which is, carried on in Sweden, by which it 1 but /a a rule totally a ut in the vicinity of seldom possible to collect as much ore upon | large i deposits bor the hire of a ian, the same level as is required f th t i t is paid in veden from of hoisting ; and, se mid by t \ | of ts toy i da but for never dis of getting it raised to the hight require ta ‘ ! be pay from 1's to where water-power is employed a vi. per mil from to 8 cents for this purpose lo repla he latt« r tol f tor 7 miles, while the rates by steam would in many places be \ x tor rrying iron ore on the States railways pensive in consequence i the want oi lel ire as ful vs perton;: bor 7 mules, 1 cent a want felt in most iron tields m > dei 1 y miles, 4 cent for 140 miles, 7 cents At mining fields, however, where tl bed ind so on with a gradual ine ise for every of ore lie so near each other that tl Line nil but Ss in proportion as the dis shaft may be used for several, and at the Lr HCPeases In the year 18 the last more extensive mining fiekis, wh: ver-| for hich we possess statistics 2 iron hand stoping has been introduced miu vere worked in Sweden, trom which hoisting arrangements would be y ad Lised «) tons of ore and in which vantageous, and must even bs ployed 3 persons, among whom pulsory should the demand #/ i men and childrer Chere were cause ap increased output 30 4 lent tw 115 were fatal the raising of water in Sweden é erally effected by suction puny iced under each other by -Called | t ul f New Haver : settings,” each of which has a k i ; 1a Iponb eXamining specimens of to 36 feet, but in deeper mimes tor Cerro de M ad fa. which are much more effective we ¢ le ibed in one of our recent issues. he ployed. Some of these force pumps are | made the interesting discovery that the ore capable of raising the water to a hight of | is the species marlite—that is, metamphoric more than 700 feet, and the greatest per- magnetite, or magnetic wou Changed to pendicular depth of any Swedish iron mine specular, 8 se BP = wee ae a ee A. R. WHITNEY & CO., OGDEN & WALLACE, |. lron and Steel Of every aescniption kept in stock. Agents for Park Brother & Co.'s BLACK DIAMOND STEEL. All sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel constantly Ob vand, PIERSON & CO. 24 Broadway, New York City. lron & Steel. COMMON & REFINED IRON, Hoops, Rods, Scrolls, Bands, Ovals, Horse Shoe, Nail Rods, Steel, &c. Orders promptly filled from stock. ABEEL BROS. ~ 190 South St., 365 Water St., NEW YORK. ALLENTOWN SHAFTING. And all sizes of Seen ULSTER”’ ““REFINED” COMMON & NORWAY IRON Kerr 1x STOCK. STEEL OF ALL KINDS. N Manufacturers ot and Dealers in LTLRON Our specialty is in Manufacturing Iron Used in the Con- struction of Fire-Proof Buildings, Bridges, &c. sae yt Carnegie Bros. & Co., Limited, Wro Iron Beams and Channel iron. Bay Btat - Co., Boiler Plate and Tank Iron. Now way Steel 1 and Iron hy Homogeneous one Plates and Compressed 8 Tube Works, Boiler ie “- M. Byers & Co.’s Wrought Lron Nails. Altoona pe, S Co.'s Hoops, Bands. &c, Samson Iron Works, Bars, runs and estimates furnished, and contracts mute for erecting Lron Structures of every descrip- tion. Books containing cuts of all Lron made sent on application by mail. Sample pieces at office. Please address és Mudson Street, New York, BORDEN & LOVELL, Commission Merchants 70 & 71 West St., — New York. Agents for the sale of Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, Bands, Hoops & Rods. AND Borden Mining Company’s Cumberland Coals. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., IRON MERCHANTS Cor. Albany & Washington Sts. NEW YORK OITY. Wa. &. Wars H. Wallace. Wm, Cordon, LN. Lovell, DANIEL W. RICHARDS & CO., FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC SCRAP = RAILS, STEEL AND METALS. Yards and Office, 88 to 96 Mangin St... NEW YORK. _ Danie W. Ricwarps PASSAIC ROLLING MILL CO, Manufacture and have always in stock | # ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forg- ings, Eye Bars, &o. Room 45, Aster S Mouse, Now Work. ' CUT NAILS, Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, nn DOVER IRON CO.'S BOIL EF Boiler Brace Jaws, FULLER BROTHERS & CO. 139 Greenwich Street, New York. 68 WALL STREET, - NEW YORK. Marshall Lefferts & Co., Tele h and Fence ; Galvanized stasosa sh Se n, Salvan ized Rod and Bar Iron, THE IRON AGE. November 2, 1882, A. B. Warner & Son,| OXFORD IRON CO., IRON MERCHANTS, (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) 28 & 29 West and 52 Washineton des, C ut t N A if a IRON & STEEL BOILER PLATE. SPIKES. BOILER TUBES, J. 8 SCRANTON, Sales Agent, Angle, Toe and Girder Iron, Boller and Tank Rivets. 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. JOHN W. QUINCY & CO., LUKENS, PENNOCKS, 98 William Street, New York. * WAWASSET,” ** EUREKA.” Anthracite & Crercoal Pig Irons, srands of Iron. Alsoal! descriptions of Plate, Sheet, and Gesometer [ron. Special attention to Locomotive Wrought Sera r, Cut Naits, Copper, BLOCK TH, LEAD, SPELTER, ” err WICKEL, ae. ROME MERCHANT IRON MILLS, HARRISON& GILLOON IRON AND METAL DEALERS, Manufacturers of the best grade of 558, s60, 562 WATEK ST., & 302, 304, 3066 CHERRY S8T., Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops. NEW YORK, pcrolls, Ovals, » Malt Ovals, Half Rounds, Hexagon and Herse Shoe Iron. Also from Charcoal P’ ig a superior geatte of Iron branded J.G. All puddied bails 7 nave on hand, and offer for cale, the following: cotch and American Pig Iron, Wrought, Cast and Ma chinery Scrap Lron, Car Whe els, Axles and Heavy Wro yught ‘Tro on; als o old Copper, Composition, brass, ieee, Foe te r, Zine, c. BURDEN’S HORSE SHOES. “Burden Best” lron ag o ae Orders may 77 sentto the Millo ENTER, our Agent, at 59 Soha a wereet, New Ye York, FOX & DRUMMOND, IRON, TIN PLATES, AND METALS, 90 Beckman St., New York City, MANUFACTURERS OF Galvanized Sheet Iron, Best Bloom, Best Refined and Common. — Nails, Galvanized Chain, Galvanized lron “CORRUGATED SHEET IRON ion ane Ne iaiast aan aene SHEET IRON. Plate and Tank Iron, H No. 1, GB Be. s Manes Best Flange, Bo Face, Fire Bot, Circie: Boiler Rivets. The Burden Iron Company| bit N.Y, EGLESTON BROS. & CO.. 166 South Street, ? 267 Front Street, j NEW YORK CITY. BURDEN’S _ ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF iron Work Galvanized or Tinned to Order. Price list and quotations sent upon application. JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON, No. 69 Wall St., New York. ULSTER IRON WORKS. 90 Broadway, New York. ULSTER BAR IRON. All sizes and shapes in stock. Also Best Grades of Am, & Eng, Ref’d lron,;Common Iron, &c . VOUGHT & WILLIAMS, Tuckerman, Mulligan&Co} = ess Greenwich Street, Pee ee nee ee NEW YORK, CARMICHAEL & EMMENS 130, 132 . 134 Cedar St., New York, and Nos. 21, 23, 7 — A. ake St., Chicago, Il. IRON AND STEEL. BOILER PLATE. Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &c, &c. Agent for Otis’ celebrated Cast Stee) Boller Plates, The Coatesville tree co. The Laurel Rolling Mills, and ce 7 yay Wrought Iron seams, Horse Shoes, Horse Nails, BELLOWS, FORGES, VISES Tuyere Irons, Carriage and Tire Bolts, RASPS AND FILES, Drilling Machines, Hammers and Sledges. B. FF. JU DSON, Importer of and Dealer in SCOTCH AND AMERICAN Pigs Iron, Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, OLD METALS. 52353 Soadrst:t NEW YORK. Manhattan Rolling ling Mill, J. LEONARD, 445 to 451 West St., 177 &179 Bank St., NEW YORK, HORSE SHOE IRON, Toe Caik Steel, Rods, Ovals, Half Ovals and Flats. |DANIEL F. COONEY, SS Washington St., N. Y. BOILER PLATES AND SHEET IRON, LAP- ee HOILEK FLUES, ot r Rivets, J gle ey wen pow ae apes. tr A oe 1s aaa yn “The aa nga Mille. " cieeanen Pipe and Tu Albany & Rens. lron & Stee) Co.'s elebrated Boller Rivets; Homogeneous Steel, Boiler eS MorTox B. Ssxrra PATERSON, N. .J. RIVE TT Ss, | Socket Bolts, &c. W. D, WOOD & 0's -B SNOW SHOES 5 % ROADSTER u % PATTERN. {49 PATENT Planished Sheet Iron. Patented March 14th. 1865; April 8th, 1873 ; Se Oct. 6t an. _ anima | STEEL TOE CALKS. IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, and at a much less price. FOR SALE, by all the principal METAL DEALERS Extra Quality Homogeneous Steel BOILER PLATE STEEL PLATES, all descriptions. ae See See Cut Nails and Spikes, Plate and Sheet THE UNITED STATES. lron, all descriptions, (Il Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. SHOENBERGER & CO., ?*zxr=™> C. KANE, _ KEYSTONEROLLING MILL, Limited, Limited, OLD RAILS, SCRAP IRON, STEEL, Manufacturers of PIC IRON, BLOOMS, FR ON AND ORE. siadmeiiials © - Pa. PITTSBURGH, PA. NORTH BROS. Bonnell, Botsford & Co., lron, Nails & Spikes, Fine Light and Medium-Weight GRAY YOUNGSTOWN, OH OHIO, IRON CASTINGS to order, MANN & JONES, _Correspondence : solicited, 4 Hanover St., New York, "/ GENERAL IRON BROKERS CORRUGATED AND “CRIMPED IRON IRON And Commission Merchants. aornne e on W. S. MIDDLETON, ‘Broker in Machinery & Iron Shutters, Door | Agent for | | ae . Skylights, cons bo fo. MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF Co, FORSTER’S CRUSHER & PULVERIZER, The best in market. 5 Dev Btreet. Now York. W.S. MIDDLETON, 52 John 8t., N. ¥. JNO. J. SHIPHERD, INVESTMENT BANKER, And Dealer itn Lake Superior Iron Mining Stocks, CLEVELAND, OHIO. _Corresponde nee solicited. ~|GRAY IRON CASTINGS. JOHN KEPPELMAN, Reading, Pa., Ne. 67 Liberty St... NEW YORK. Herewith gives notice that ~4 has opened a Job- = NASHUA IRON AND STEEL CO., bing Foundry , and is ready to receive erdere for Manufacturers nds of ight Gray Iron Casti ST LOCOMOTIVE TYRE s* HOMOGEN ies STEEL + dA ER EOUS | ever as. of Machinery, O Ri Soa PLATES, KOs AND ) STEEL AXLES. filled. Please a CRANK PIN» . PiSi0>? N RODS, SLIDE JOHN TEPPEL N, IRON AND STEEL LOCOMOTIVE “FORGINGS, —_ a sae -_ GLENGARNOCK AND CARNBROE SCOTCH PIG IRON For spot delivery and for prompt or forward shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore or New Orleans, For sale in lots to suit by JAMES LEE & CO., Sole Agents for the United States. 72 Pine Street, NEW y YORK. 101 Milk Street, BOSTON, MASS, LEKCHBURG _1RON WORKS. KIRKPA TRICK & CO., Manufacturers of all grades of FINE SHEET TRONS, (Refined Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, aa)” NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL, OF FIOR, No, 143 First Ave., Pittahurgh, Pa. WORKS, Leechburg, Pa, CHARLES HUBBARD, “Sheridan” & * ILeesport”? Brands Pig Iron, WHITE IBON (Anthracite & Bessemer) Stock for Making Strong Castings. ’ PIG IRON “MAIDEN CREEK” and “GARRICK” BRANDS. IN STOCK AND TO ARRIVE. eye COLORES For Bars, Plates, Sheets & Rods | of Double Extra Quality Iron, NONE BUT CHOICEST MATERIAL USED. Address, CANTON BLOOMARY CO., le “w. sEsuP ac co., Railway Supplies and Equipment. “ CHARCOAL’ FAVORITE BRANDS OF SCOTCH Pic, __Old Car Wheels, Best Brands. : 46 Cliff Street, New York City. JAMES ROSS, oo IMPORTER OF AND FURNACE AGENT FOR SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON, MANUFACTURERS’ AGENT OF Bar Iron, Car Wheels, Axles, Rails and Railroad Supplies. WHITAKER IRON COMPANY MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET IRON, TANK AND FIRE BED 36 DEARBORN STREET, CHICACO. “AI = aDER BU am, haga ae Jo HN 3. ‘SFOWERS, President. MANUFACTURERS CALVANIZED MATERIAL OF EVERY 5 6 abel GALVANIZING cm AL - ITS BRANCHES Galvanized Sheet Lron—Best Bloom, Best Kefined, Common. Galvanized Rot ind, Square Band and Toop tro mn, &e &e All Sizes All Gauges of Corrugation and from Sizes % to s inches of Sheets. Corrugated Sheet Iron a Specialty, Galvanized, Black and Yaintes Iron Corrugated for the Trade Estimate es furnished on applicatio WORKS, GREEN AND BAY STREETS, JERSEY CITY, N. J. OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE, 98 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK, ate Te: snag, me « November 2, 1882. Siemens’ Regenerative: HENRY LEVIS & CO., ‘Edward J. Etting, os IRON BROKER anp COMMISSION MERCHANT, 222 ®. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa, Manufacturers’ Agents Pig, Bar and Railroad tron. For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and : Sheet Iron and General Railway OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &o. Equipments. Agent for the Old Rails, Axles, and Wheels bought and sold. MOUNT SAVAGE FIRE BRICK VUNG ae i a ey The Allentown Iron Co, and the Greenwood Ro'ling Mill. STORAGE WHARF AND YARD DELAWARE AVENUE ABOVE CALLOWHILL STREBRT, ran ey track with railroad. h advances made on Iron. GAS FURNACE. RICHMOND & POTTS, 119 8. Fourth St.. PHILADELPHIA, PA. | Having enjoyed for over TWENTY- FIVE YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality ao Established 1837. RR a I Ls: Fimeg, ; A. PURVES & SON, Scrap Iron, Metals and Machinery have now an annual capacity of ’ ’ Cor. South and Penn Sts., Philadelphia, 230,000 Tons of Iron and Steel Rails, Splice Bars, &c. a, ee ee ee Ot mma lene, “ss he fo ‘ heavy Yellow Scrap Brass, Ingot Ked Brass best qual ADDRESS, ity), Inzot Yellow Brass, Ingot Gun Metal made CAMB RIA IRON COMPANY, strictly from old cz anon. | No. 218 South 4th Street, Philadelphia. | D, W.R.R EAD & CO., Importers and doalers in Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. OorL ENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Ptne St., N. ¥. MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom Manufacturers of the =e rE iia gS ectt tah bs 7. ww. PAxXSO DEALERS IN RAOUL. DING SAND, 1021 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA, PA., FOREICN & NATIVE O.,/BE 4 THE PHCENIX IRON CO.,|BESSEMER ORES. 8 HILADELPHIA. 410 Walnut Street, P PIC IRON ENCLISH FIRE BRICK. hannels, Angle & Tee B me Beams, Deck Beams, C annels, ng e be ars, 142 Pearl St., 57 Gracechurch St., 67 S, Gay St., STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, NEW YORK, LONDON. BALTIMORE, WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the conatwaction of Fire Proof Buildings, 222 and 224 8. Third St., Phila, Pa. and built up shapes