The Iron Age 1882-10-12: Vol 30 Iss 15

The Iro; I) Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by Davip Witutams, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Vol. XXX: No. 15. New York, Thursday, October 12, 1882. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. $2.50 a Year, Including Postcg +. Single Copies, Zen Cents. The Lacquer Industry of Japan. Among the Parliamentary pees recent- ly issued is a valuable report by Mr. John J. Quin, acting British Consul at Hakodate, on the lacquer industry of Japan. This busi- ness is one in which the Japanese have al- ways greatly excelled, besides which it has hitherto been almost a monopoly in their | hands, owing to the high perfection attained | and the rigid manner in which the secrets of Mr. Quin’s the pursuit have been guarded. report now enables us to peep behind the scenes to some extent, but even after a perusal of his treatise it seems pretty plain that we do not know everything about Japanese lacquering, while the knowledge we thereby acquire adds strength to the conviction that there is little likelihood of the procesess being successfully conducted out of Japan. In the first place, almost the whole of the many different kinds of lac- quers used are the products of trees found only inthe Japa- nese islands, and in the second place the enormous amount of labor bestowed upon the work in its different sta- ges is such as to preclude imitation in any country where labor is of other than merely nominal value. Mr. Quin tells his readers that he has had great difficulty in obtaining thoroughly reliable information, owing to the ig- norance of the artificers and the subdivision of labor. Not- withstanding these difficulties, however, the report is replete with interesting particulars. and as it may be purchased at a low price, we would advise all japanners and others engaged in branches of busi- ness in which lacquers, varn- ishes, &c., are used to pro- cure a copy for perusal and reference. It appears that the various kinds of lacquers are pro- cured by tapping the lacquer tree (Rhus vernicifera), which is abundant all over the main island, and is also met with in Kiushiu and Shikoku. Spe- cial tools are used for the purpose, and it is said to need a certain ‘‘knack” to secure the exuding juice in a pure and proper condition. In its crude state the lacquer is priced at go to 100 yen, or, at the present low rate of exchange, equal to between £12 and £13 per tub of about 4 gallons. If the sub- sequent processes could be successfully carried out it might possibly pay to import the raw material into this country. The manufactured article under- goes many transformations, mixtures being prepared and sold in which seaweed- jelly, grated sweet potatoes, soot, charcoal, iron filings boiled in rice vinegar, ground sea-shells, turpentine, whetstone water, camphor, oils, oxide of iron, gold, silver or tin powder and sundry other ingredi- ents are incorporated. Mr. Quin mentionsa very remark- able property of lacquer. He says: ‘‘ If crude lacquer, which is originally of the color and consistency of cream, is exposed to the sun for a few days without adding water, it loses its creamy color and becomes quite black, or nearly so, but also becomes thinner and transparent, or rather translucent, as can be seen when it is smeared on a hite board. It will not now, however, dry if applied to an article, even if kept a month or more in the damp press. But if water is mixed with the lacquer which has thus been exposed and become black it atonce loses the black color 1 its transparency, and becomes again of a creamy Color, though slightly darker, “s if some coffee had been added, than at first. After ®vaporating this water, it can then be used like any ordinary cquer, either alone or in ‘ixtures, and will dry in the damp press, during which Process it again turns black.” _ Lacquer will not dry or 4arden properly in the open air. ‘tC must have a damp, closed atmosphere to do so, other- vise it would run and remain sticky. The vapanese use a cave, or an underground Cellar, where “practicable, or, in default, &0 air-tight case of wood with rough, Unplaned planks inside. These are thor- Sughly wetted before the lacquered arti- “le is put in to dry, the process occupying a Period of from 6 to 50 hours, according to F498 time of the year and the sort of lacquer used. This appears to be one of the secrets of the Japanese lacquerers, consequently it is of some importance to be aware of the fact. The business is one evidently requiring patience, care and cheap labor, seeing that Mr. Quin enumerates 33 different processes in applying the lacquer, with periods of dry- ing or rest between many of them of from 12 to 40 hours. The tools, brushers, smooth ers, &c., are different for the various sorts of lacquers, as well as for the articles to | Speed of Passenger Elevators. An immense amount of time is needlessly | lost, both in freight and passenger elevators, by having them run slowly. When elevators were first put in, few people seemed to have any idea of saving time. The fact that they could save labor and obviate the neces- sity of going up and down stairs in the or- dinary way, seemed advantage enough. When a man isin a hurry, however, these old elevators are found togbe great time a minute, with little or no perceptible in- crease in the cost of the work. There is more horse-power consumed, it is true, but the number of foot- pounds expended is pra tically the same in one case as in the other. There are thousands of elevators in this city which do not run any faster than the old-fashioned hand hoists, and after goods are loaded on the platform the men stand about and wait with a patience which highly commendable, but by no means profi able to the owner. In the Morse, building in Fig. 1.—Face of Fracture of Beam Strap of Steamer Kaaterskill,a Little More Than Full Size. which they are applied, gold lacquering, flat| wasters, and have really no advantage!this city the elevators have a run of 106 or raised, appearing to be the highest form whatever over the ordinary method of | fect. It is probable that many of these | getting up and down. of the art. tools and processes might be dis were machinery used, but on the whole we are disposed to think that lacquering, as de- | In fact, in many faster than the elevator. They make this distance on some | occasions, both up and down, in 40 seconds. nsed with | buildings a man can descend very much, When one of these elevators is started in a Recent machines | have been geared to run rapidly, and now | hurry, the passenger descending has tho feeling that the bottom of things generally Fig. 2.—Development of Fiber by Treatment with Acids, in Longitudinal Vertical Section through Center of A EB, Fig. 3 THE ACCIDENT TO THE BEAM STRAP OF THE STEAMER KAATERSKILL. tailed in this pamphlet, must remain a| handicraft, and will scarcely be transfer- red to the Western hemisphere with any notable success. At the same time it must be freely admitted that Mr. Quin has cleared up many disputed points, and has given us far more information on the subject than has ever before been known, there are many at work in New York in| new buildings which run so rapidly that a person cannot Catch them either in descend ing or ascending. These passenger elevat- ors are bringing about a yreat improvement in simple freight elevators. People find that there is no use in waiting four or five minutes for an elevator cage to rise through two or three stories when it can be done in| of a downright fall. has been knocked out, and his i: dropping regardless of his bod: going up the feeling is reversed, and ou legs appear to have been driven int body about 20 inches. ‘This is not as bad however, as the employees’ elevator in th Western Union building. The feeling thers on the descent is very much similar to t Though we have not the actual speed in feet per minute, yet our impressicn is that it is one of the fastest, if not the elevator that has yet been erected. fastest, ——E——— Tariff Matters in Victoria. “A Commission on Tariff has been sitting for some time past at Melbourne, and has been taking evidence on the effect which the pro- tective system of the colony of Victoria has had ou various industries. Accord- ing to the Jronmonger the opinion expressed by the colo- nial manufacturers generally was strongly in favor of tke retention of the duties. Op Pp sed to them were the views of the representatives of for- eivn firms trad‘ng in the col- ar A local manufacturer of grates and such like arti- cles was in favor of the tariff, as also were firms of lamp- makers, tin plate workers, workers in galvanized iron and stamped iron, and tin workers, with the brassfoun- ders and chandelier manufac turers. Only one witness sup- ported the retention of the duty on horse-nails, and it transpired that he was the only manufacturer of them in the colony. ‘Two firms of colonial iron smelters urged that a duty of about $10 per ton should be placed on imported pig lead, but, on the other hand, a firm of sheet lead workers opposed the duty un- less a similar advantage was obtained by the manufactur- ers. With respect to the trade materials of plumbers and gasfitters, it was admitted by the colonial manufacturer that their productions were inferior to those of the Eng- lish, and opinions seem to be divided as to the advantage or disadvantage of retaining the duties. Letters were read from two firms of manufac- turers and importers of chan- deliers respectively, who had had a dispute on the question before the Commission. An English firm importing small brass fittings, was in favor of the remission of the duty on such goods, and opposed to them was an iron safe maker of Melbourne. Several man- ufacturers of agricultural im- plements were in favor of the tariff, a partner of one of the firms advocating on his own ac- count intercolonial free trade. It was also urged by some that the duty on iron pipe and explosives should be increased, and by an importer of watch- maker’s tocls that the duty on crucibles should be remitted. ag - Kaaterskill Accident. BY ALBERT F. The Steamer HILL, The breaking of the walking-beam strap oft the steamer Kaaterskill, on the morning of August roth, when on her return trip to New York, has _ probably attracted more attention than any similar accident ever did betore. The oxceedingly narrow escape from total destruction ard frightful loss of life which the accident presented, the death of one of her deck caused by the passengers, escaping steam, coupled with the fact that at the time of the accident she was going at reduced speed, and under very low steam pressure, were circumstances of them- selves sufficient to attract attention, and became all the inore remarkabl from the fact that the mac! was entirely new, and had been constructed by firms of high repute Ihe elucidation of t | mary cause of the accident presented, under these circum- stances ertainly a vi VY ine teresting engineering problem, The writer visited the disa- bled steamer short] after she was towed to the Delamater dock, and before the broken parts of the machinery were taken out of her APPEARANCE OF THE FRAC- TURES f f both the upper and lower t ip were found to be short and la From the position of the wreck it l that the failure took place on troke, and that it first occurred in | er al 3 feet 3 inches from the cen t the forward pin, and that after tl of the cast-iron frame, the lowe: 74 inches from this point, m broke 6 feet ee Se A N Ss o N 1 A BRASS & COPPER CO., No. 19 Cliff Street, Phelps Building. NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF THE LRON AGE. BRASS AND COPPER Waterbury Brass Co, Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. Seamless Brass & Copper Tabing. Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms, PURE COPPER WIRE For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Phosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. ANSONIA * REFINED INCOT COPPER. IES PHELPS, DODGE & CO, TIN PLATE, FROOFING PLATE, Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin Wire, Zinc, &c. MANUFACTURERS QF COPPER AND BRASS. CLIFF STREET, NEW YORE, SCOVILL MFC CO BRASS, HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. —__-_>_—_ DEPOTS, FACTORIES, 419 & 421 Broome St., Mi, ¥, Waterbury, Conn. 177 Devonshire St., Boston. New Haven Conn, New York City, 183 Lake St. Chicago, DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO., Importers of AL, - - $400,000. mean ‘oa and Platers’ Brass, GERMAN SILVER, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, COPPER RIVETS & BURS, BRASS KETTLES, Door Rail, Brass Tags, PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASKS. Metallic Eye'ets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, d&c. And small Brass Wares of every Description. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. Sole Agents for the Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- ing Goods. DEPOTS: Millie At 296 Broadway, New York, WATERBURY, 125 Eddy St , Providence, R. |. Conn, Detroit Copper & Brass Rolling Mills, BRAZIERS’ AND SHEATHING COPPER, ROLLED, SHEET & PLATERS' BRASS GERMAN OR NICKEL SILVER, Copper Wire for Electrical and other purposes, Bras and German Silver Wire, Copper Rivets and Burrs, COPPER BOTTOMS FOR TEA KETTLES AND BOILERS, Cor. Larned & Fourth Sts., Detroit, Mich. ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- per and German Silver (In Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper,| COPPER & BRASS RIVETS Wire, Zinc, Ete. 29 & 31 Clg St., cor. Fulton, DICKERSON & CO. Liverpoei. NEW YORK. AND BURS. Rome, New York. A. C. NORTHROP, Waterbury, Conn., NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS FOR HARDWARE TRADE. Wrought Iron and Brass Machine Screws; Turned, He Chain; Gilt, Nic Set Screws; Brass and iron Safet — Jack rasi on Be Round and Square Head Cap and el Plated and Bronze Trimmings of all kinds. from Sheet Lron, Steel or Estimates on patented articles, or ang description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and promptly given. WORKS at ROEBLING’S New York Office Warehouse, B17 Liberty Street. THE JOHN A. ROEBLING'S SONS CO, MANUFACTURERS OF WIRE ROPE lron, Steel and Copper, Market Hoisting Purposes of all kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Ship Rigging, Sash Cords, Lightning Hods, &c., &c. Suspension Bridge © ables. Vineyard Wire. Iron and Steel WIRE Market Wire, Fence Wire, Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Rivet Wire, &c., &c, GALVANIZED Telegraph Wire, Wire, GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. BRODERICK & BASCOM ROPE C0., MANUFACTURERS OF = WIRE ROPE at ite BASCOM ROPE Co. IRON WIRE ROPE, STEEL WIRE ROPE, 728 N. Main St, St. Louis, Mo. WORCESTER WIRE CO., IRON AND STEEL WIRE For ail Purposes. WORCESTER, MASS. ‘|The Plume & Atwood Mfg. Company, MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, . German Silver and Gilding Metal, Copper Rivets and Burs, Copper Electrical Wire, Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c.| 18 Murray Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. | Factories, Rolling Mill, WATERBURY, Ct. THOMASTON, Ct. Bridgeport Brass Co,, Sheet and Roll Brass, Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, German Silver Metal and Wire, Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements, | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS, Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and manufacturing Metal Goods. MANUFACTORY, Bridgeport, Conn. HARRISON WIRE CO, ST. LOUIS, MO., WaREHOUSE, 19 Murray St., N. ¥. MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF STEEL AND IRON WIRE ROPE. Holmes, Booth & Haydens, WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORK, BOSTON, 49 Chambers St. 18 Federal St. Manufacturers of a)! kinds of Brass, Copper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. BRASS & COPPER WIRE, Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. BRASS & IRON JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. German Silver Spoons, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, _ Kerosene & Burners, 7 &c. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Agents for Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., Dealers in Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, 100 John Street, New York, Manufacturers of Pure Spelter Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK. Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders, MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'i Agents, 113 Liberty Street, N. ¥. Geo. W. Prentiss & Co.. HOLYOKE, MASS., MANUFACTURERS OF Bright, Coppered, Annealed and Tin GUN SCREW WIRE cut to order. Plated, Also of all sizes stra ight ned and 7¢ 9.6 ee =3 == ie walk BROWNING, SISUM & CO., 85 oman: St., Manufacture Belt Hooks, Cotters, Spring Keys, D Rings, Mtaples, and orerytbing per to wire bending. PASSAIC ZINC CO. October 12, 1882, PHILIP L MOEN, President and Treasurer. CHAS. F. WASHBURN, Vice President & Secreta WASHBURN & MOEN MANUEACTURING 6 Established 1831. WORCESTER, mings. MANUFACTURERS OF IRON and STEEL. WIRE, Patent Steel Barb Fencing, Patent Steel Wire Rale Ties. in. = om any length. Owners one exeta , in e) in WIRE RODS of all Grades; Round [ron OUS quality, +16 tn. to sive Operators of the ATENT CONTINUO OLLING Mi icing Iron and Ste 8 of 100 pound gt SEAM OF WELD. Pate can t Galv ioe Telegrnph Wire, Marke aud Sto me Win Annealed Fence and G srape Wire in long lengthe « Ce oppered Paile phen Rope, Bo It, Screw, Ri Buch kle and Chain Wire. Wire for the manufacture of Card Clothing, He Reeds — P lano atri ng Covertan Wire Tinned Broom Wire and paee, lated Wire of all sizes. A spec ciaty is mac te of c He oc K, Mac — ery, Gun Screw and — Spring Wire, and Ref fire to Pattern for particuiar purp om, at Norway TIror ony ied a of ad ie furnished . a Brignt, eee Wines ered, va j Tin PI ate 4 Wire furnished, any teel Crineline Wire, l’at« Li Wire. Steel Wire for Sp ring, Needles and Drills. Market Hatent 1 a ker ia stor 2 ae Steel Music WAREHOUSES: sj New York, 16 Clif, nal 241 Pearl ex 1 Chicago, 107 and 109 Lake St. sy HOWARD & MORSE, Warehouse: 45 Fulton Street, Crimped Wire Stall Partition, eee Ny mare na 4 Manufacturers of (i lron, Brass & Copper vA Wi No. «4. Doub e or Halt Circle Wrought [ron Hay Rack. WIRE GLOTH, Plain and Ornamental Wire Work, Wire Fence & Railing, DOOR AND WINDOW GUARDS, OFFICE RAILING, ALSO, lron Stable Fixtures. y\ No, 55. Corner ae Raca, Right Ha Window Guard. No.9. JAMES HALL, Treasurer ABRAM 8S, HEWITT, President, E. HANSON, Secretary. WM. KEWITT, Vice President. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, (INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, N. J... Manufacturers of IRON and STEELWIRE OF ALL CRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED Iron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Stee! Wire. Wire Straightened : and Cut to Lengths. New York Office, COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 17 Furling Slip. OMe sca Office, JOHN HEWITT. Agent. 21 Nerth Fourth St. IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &c. CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND. ___ Address: HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesbarre, Luzerne C0,, 0, Pa, FELTEN & CGUILLEAUME, Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germany. PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and in long lengths. GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, For Plain, Bart and Strand Fencing, 3, qgnt 7 -ply areens, Staples, &c. Annealed aoe Oiled Fencing ire, round and oval. WIRE ROFrt OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, TELEGRAPH CABLES. Contractors to the German and Foreign governments. The oldest house in the braneb on the Cop Telegraph Address, CAKLSWERK, COLOGNE, General Agents for U. 8. and Canada, PERKINS & CHOATE. 23 Nassau St,, N. Y. tinent. = A LESCHEN c& Sown, - = Manufacturers of © > ; rR a 3 =_ o4s5 z - on = 2 e = = : : os po OF EBVERY DESCHRIPTION. ? Corresposdence invited, 919 to 923 N. Main St, ST, LOURS, MO. Patte To put ced a pet Fred Cartri¢ BERGE BERGS \. FISHE ‘8 xclu- Wire, uckle Wire, wand ished, lusic ound |E, RE, RE ns. Fencing the Cor a _ ‘'SOUIM Js ‘Suiyoeg dwoy » invited, October 12, 1882. THE IRON AGH. 0. LINDEMANN & C0., Manufacturers of all kinds of Japanned, Brass & Tin Plated BIRD CAGES. to the trade. 254 Pearl St., Catalogues furnished | CARY «& MOEN, DLE LEELA AL EALALLLLALL EL WTETTLE COCO LCE TTA NEW YORK. POWER PRESSES, RIVET MACHINES, Special Machinery to Order. BELAFEE: & JOHNSON, WATERBURY, CONN. Market Stee! Wire. Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. 934, 936 and 23 238 West | 29th Street, LRON Manufacturers of STEEL WIRE forall vurposes and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. (’ CELL ELLEL A NEW YORK. and BRASS RIVETS, STUDS, PINS, &c., For Manufacturers of Light Hardware. POPE, COLE & Co.| BALTIMORE SOPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Also Cakes, of unequaled purity and hese conunai Sesackiciieioa G. Gunther. Manufacturer of Patented Brass, Sliver Plated and Japanned , BIRD CAGES. Can be nested for ex- port shipments. 46 Park Place, NEW YORK. Large st variety in patterns and unsurpassed in w prices, New Illustrated Catalogues and sts on application. FOUNDRYMEN’S METALLIC Pattern Letters and Figures, To put on patterns of castings. Al! sizes. Re ced prices. _Mofd. by H. MW. Kn ght, Seneca Fal s, N.Y. bergen Pe Port rt Spelter. MIN ES: WORKS & FU BRACES, h 1 Valley, Pa. Bergen Port, N The only Miners and Manufacturers a, PURE LEHICH SPELTER From Lehigh Ore. Especially adapted for Cartridge Metal and German Silver. Also manufacturers of a | BERGEN PORT OXIDE ZINC. r for Liguip Paint on account of its body | iring properties, BERCEN PORT ZINC CO. FISHER, Agent, 13 Burling Slip, N. Y. — -| VIN WELLS, A - MEANS, President. Manager. ILLINOIS ZINC CO., MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET ZINC, PERU, (LLINOIS. —_—_—— ‘A. FISHER, - - - Agent, 13 Burling Sup, Now York. The 1 dimensio ey —_ LT Ta J. A. EMERICK. ESTABLISHED 1837. H. S. Case, Sec’y. ; Waterbury Mfg. WATERBURY A. COMPLETE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS and PHYSICAL TEST is made in the Laboratory of Cambria lron Co. of every heat of steel used in the GAUTIER STEEL DEPARTMENT, at Johnstown, Pa. From these data an expert selects the quality best adapted to the purpose for which the steel is to be used. thorough [No. 18.] THOMPSON’ S PATENT roR Wet Pulverization of Rocks, Ores, Rolling Mill Fix AND OTHER MATERIAL, EITHER COARSE-OR TO AN IMPALPABLE POWDER. STEPHEN P. M. TASKER, SOLE MANUFACTURER, Care of MORRIS, TASKER & CO., Limited, PHILADELPHIA, U. S. A. Centrifugal force applied to a rolling ball for the purpose of pulverizing. Tested thoroughly and guaranteed to yield a greater product of pulverized material of equal fineness in a given time with less wear, less power, less first cost and less cost for repairs than stamps or any other pulverizer. HOWARD EVANS. MOLDERS’ TOOLS, FOUNDRY FACINC, MOLDING SAND, FOUNDRY SUPPLIES, J.A. EMERICK & CO., 1056 to 1076 Beach St., PHILADELPHIA, ee ee TED 1876. C. Pope, Treas. Co., CONN. Brass Goods. SS MENDEN & SCHWERTE, I IRON AND STEEL WIRE WORKS, | AT SCHWE ao t Wire Works in the world. ns down to No. 8 and 9, Stubs gat ig re, dimens ion S aud ¢ quauties BOLE AGENTS FOR THE UNITED &TATES: WESTPHALIA, GERMANY. on ra trains, STEEL AND IRON WIRE RODS of all , FINE IRON, HOOP IRON, BAR IRON in all WOLTMAN & MICKERTS, ST. LOUIS, MO. A straight-edge put alongside the remaining parts of the strap showed that no bending whatever had preceded the rupture, and careful measurements revealed the further fact that there was no reduction of area at the points of fracture. The appearance of the fractured faces showed no trace of fiber, and was altogether granular. An excellent photograph of the fracture of the upper arm of the strap was obtained, and is repre duced in Fig. 1. POSSIBLE CAUSES OF FAILURE. A careful consideration of all the cireum stances attending the failure, and minute ve ee ee re be lost sight of, that the mode of fracture exerts a considerable influence upon the ap pearance, For instance, fine, tibrous ire n, if pulled apart gradually by successive and in- creasing strain will undoubtedly show a fibrous fracture ; so it will also if the bar be slightly nicked first, and then gradually bent cold to the point of rupture But then take this same iron and break it suddenly, espe¢ ally by what may be termed a shearing shock, or even by the sudden application « f a load far in excess of its ultimate strength, and the fracture is sure to have instead of a fibrous, a granular, or as it is sometimes ‘termed, a crystalline appearance As was The Kaaterskill Accident.—Fig. 3.—Faces of Fracture of Test-Piece A, Fig. 9 inspection of the different parts of the en- {stated before, and as is shown in Fig tr, the gine, left no ‘doubt that the accident was entirely due to the breaking of the strap, and that no other part of the machinery had given way previously to it. The first ques- tion that presented itself then was to see if the breaking of the strap could be accounted for by defective design, i. e., lack of proper dimensions. The section of the strap was 434 by 63 inches, except in the parts tow: ard | the eyes, where these dimensions gradually increased. The section of tho part that | broke first was found to be 53 by 63% fractures of the strap were very decidedly ranular, part of it, as is seen, tolerabl y fine, part of it rather coarse. The rotee question to solve then was how much of this ap- pearance was due to the shortness of the iron, and how much to the mode of fracture. The solution of this question was sought to be ac omplished by the followi ig METHOD OF TESTING. Having secured, through the courtesy lof the Messrs. Fletcher, the short part, Fig. 4.—Faces of Fracture inches.. These dimensions, taken in connec- tion with Diameter of cylinder, inches..... wn Stroke of piston, feet .... ene sose8Sl A'lowed steam pressure, pounds piecihede wats -50 Vacuum, pounds......... alae noueae~ -13 showed that the strap was deine with | ample strength for its service, and, in fact, | rather in excess of its re quirements. Neither | was there any indication of defective con- | struction or adjustment, and to save both | space and time it might as well be stated here that the whole of the machinery bore evidence throughout of good workmanship, | of Test-Piece B, Fig. 9 AED, Fig. 7, of the broken strap, and it being desirable to begin work as close 63] 2S possible to the fracture, the section X, Fig. 10, was first cut off in the slotting machine. This gave a plate varying in thickness from ¥% inch to 1-64th inch, and containing sim- ply the fractured face of the upper arm of the strap. The back of this plate was care- fully planed, and then treated with acids to bring out the cross-grain, and to develop any evidence there mig cht be of defective weld- ing. No bad weld showed. The grain was found opened out vertically across the sec- tion, aaada in the center of the strap, Fig. 5.—Faces of Fracture of Test-Piece C, Fig. 9. and was exceedingly well put together. The exact similarity of both fractures rende red the presence of any local defect, such as a bad weld, for instance, extremely doubtful ; moreover, there was no evidence of any such flaw—and the conclusion was, therefore, almost irresistible that the strap broke either because it was made of poor, short iron throughout, or because it bad been subjected to the strain of a shock, the force of which was far in excess of that which any possible steam preueve could have exerted. Tho scope of the inquiry having thus been nar rowed to these two points, it became evident and the acid also developed a small, hard and steely spot of a little over a square inch in section, toward the lower left coruer. Adjoining this cut. and distant from it merely the width of the cutting tool, two more plates were taken trom the cross section of this arm of the strap. Each of these two plates was ao of n inch in on kness. They were carefully plane qd on both sides, and microscopic exam inati oe at ode also the opening out of ihe fibers, especially in the center, was well defined 1 e first plate—the one nearest to the break—was then cut vertically into three strips, A, B and Fig. 6.—Faces of Fracture that a thorough and searching investigation of the iron in the strap was the first thing in order. | THE MATERIAL MUST TELL ITS OWN STORY. It is always best, in an investigation of this kind, to start out with no preconceived theories. The experimenter may safely trust to the material to tell its own st« ry and it is simply his business to see that he gets the whole story out of it. To the expe rienced sye the appearance of the fracture is a tolerably sure criterion of the quality of the metal. Nevertheless, tho fact must not! & f Test-Piece D, Fig. It. 2 I n e ceeding plate was a r \ i the three strips, D, | i | Figs and 11 l n ipa in thet nei I ns ot i i I | I t frac tu a j i nad if I numerical r f t ‘ lated in Ta ] | { n of the frac l I 8. 3, .. 13 and 14 As will be seen hel ne f the br ik if the pieces A, B an d C of the tirst plate i through the center of the strap, and the torn edges in B i} t ; a, 7 i” Ay rat & wre LS wire ' ennisd Oe eo oe ee Ss yee " Sees = cs = a —SE—. =o Ss — Greene a - ’ + AR . a — oe . ed (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) 85,87, 89 & 91 Elm St., New my IRON MERGHANTS, i ron an d Stee l 28 & 29 West and 52 Washinaton dts, Agents for Park Brother & Co.'s | IRON & STEEL BOILER PLATE. BLACK DIAMOND STEEL. BOILER TUBES, All sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel constantly Angle, Toe and Girder Iron, n hand. Boiler and Tank Rivets. Sole Agents for the celebrated | LUKENS, PENNOCKS, ** WAW ASSET,” ** EUREKA.” ‘9 Brands of Iron. Alsoal! descriptions of Plate, Sheet, dGasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive 24 Broadway, New York City. e lron 4 Steel. fOME WECHANT IRON MILLS, Of every description kept in stock. SPIKES. 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. 98 William Street, New York. Wrought Scrap, Cut Nails, Copper, COMMON & REFINED IRON, | Bar iron, Bands and Fine Hoops. quality of iron branded J. All puddled balls re Steel, &c. ete sow York. Scrolls, Ovals, Half Ovals, Half Rounds, Hexagon and Hoops, Rods, Scrolls, Bands, Ovals, | Horse Shoe [ro uced o. bammer. odes s may be sent to the 7 Orders promptly filled from stock. ND. ———— Fi & DRUMMO n. Also ea Charcoal Pig a superior in e So _ to J. CARPENTER, our Agent, at 59 Jo IRON AND METAL DEALERS, I ABEEL BROS. NEW YORG, nave on hand, and offer for sale, the following: THE IRON AGE. OGDEN & WALLACE, 4 B. Warner & Son,| OXFORD IRON CO.,|W. 0, Cut Nails J. 8. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, JOHN W. QUINCY & CO., Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER, ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &c. 558, <60, 562 WATER ST., & 302, 304, 306 CHERRY ST., Scotch and American P ig Iron, Wrought, Cast and Machinery Scrap Iron, Car W heels, Axles and Heavy 190 South St. es 365 Water St. ” IR ON, Wrought Iron ; wy 0 old Copper, Composition, Brass, NEW YORK. ad, Pewter, Zin SHAFTING. an And all sizes of CATASAUQUA” *‘ULSTER” “*REFINED”’ COMMON & N NORWAY IRON Kept IN STOCK. STEEL OF ALL KINDS. A. R. WHITNEY & CO., Manufacturers ot and Dealers in LTLRON Our specialty is in Manufacturing Iron Used in the Con- struction of Fire-Proof SUN Bridges, &c. METALS, 68 WALL ormaEs, - NEW oer Marshall Lefferts & Co., 90 Beekman St., New York City, MANUFACTURERS OF Galvanized Sheet Iron, Best Bloom, Best Refined and Common, Tt. we. es and Premes Galvanized on. Hoo Ir alvanized Rod and Bar Iron, Galvanized S Walls, Galvanized Chain, Galvanised lrop Pipe. Agents for Carnegie Bros. & Co., Limited, Wrought Iron Beams and Channel Iron. Bay State Iron Co., Boiler Plate and Tank Iron. Nor- CORRUGATED SHEET IRON way Steel and Iron Works, Homogeneous Steel Roof Ivanized, Plain or Painted Plates and Compressed Steel Shafting. Glasgow ver me, On., Guivenses casio Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common ~ w —— ae ae. ‘. Z Syore 6 = ~ I fils Altoona fre ined ‘are, Thoda, SHEET IRON. Plate and "Tank Iron, “Burden Best” lron Boiler Rivets. Nails. Altoona Iron Co.’s Refined Bars, Rods, poops, Bands, &c. Samson Iron Works, Refined HORSE SHOES. W. 0, WOOD & 00'S i v SNOW SHOES 4 ROADSTER PATTERN, PpiTent Planished Sheet Iron. Patented March 14th. 1865 ; April 8th, 1878 ; Sept. 9th, 1873; Oct. 6th, 1874; Jan. 11, 1876. Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, ' | amd at a much less price. STEEL TOE CALKs. Extra Quality Homogeneous Stee! BOILER PLATE FOR SALE, by all the principal "| HARRISON&GILLOON METAL DEALERS. | steex eiares, a descriptions In the Large cities throughout | Cut N ils and Spikes, Plate THE UNITED STATES, oe yess Plate and Shee lron, all descriptions, And at their Office, ill Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. | ‘SHOENBERGER & C0., °!*eat™ Cc. KANE, _ KEYSTONE ROLLING MILL, Limited, OLD RAILS, SCRAP IRON, STEEL, PIC IRON, BLOOMS, IRON AND ORE. PITTSBURGH, Pittsburgh, - WATSON IRON WORKS. Bonnell, Botsford & co. LIGHT GRAY IRON CASTINGS ' Metal Pattern Making. Iron, Nails & Spikes, Bridgeport, Conn. OT A oe CORRUGATED AND CRiMPED IRON;| ME ANN & JONES ty ROOFING & SIDING, 4 Hanover St., New York, Ss Se il GENERAL IRON BROKERS MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO., 5 Dey Street, New York And Commission Merchants, aiaagennenencre ore W. S. MIDDLETON ie & SS . . : SE ae Be Broker in Machinery & Iron Manufacturers of The Burden Iron Company we ibe ae FORSTER'S CRUSHER & PULVERIZER, The best in market. UBL ATO IS ‘ane and estimates furnished, 2 and contvacte ave..0 ame CH Ne. 1 Flange, Best Flange. T N, Y, w.8. MIDDE Ton Mostyn so oa ion pi Paige Pure bok, Cireen rOys ETON, 68 Soha %.,N. ¥. icat “'paiuple pieces at ofice. Please ad noes appre obey For Bars, Plates, Sheets & Rod JNO. J. SHIPH ERD, Hudson Street, New" York. Iron Work Galvanized or Tinned to Order. U L y T E R of Double Extra Quality I “lIN Price list and quotations sent upon application. . sae arity Fon. VESTMENT BA N K Eg. a eee AND NONE BUT CHOICEST MATERIAL USED. aler in BORDEN & LOVELL, JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., BURDEN’S sat Pe pesiee Lake Queele po Mining Stocks, CANTON BLOOMARY CO., CLEVELAND, OHIO. SCOTCH AND AMERICAN Commission Merchants 70 & 71 West St., ry Peccete New York. Agents for the sale of Fall River lron Co.’s Nails, = Bands, Hoops & Rods. ye AND Borden Mining Company’s) Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co Cumberland Coals. el WILLIAM H. WALLACE & C0. | ae ee er faeents Nos. 21, 23, 25 & 27 West Lake St., Chicago, Il. TRON MERCHANTS) poy ano stéEt’ BoILeR PLATE. Cor. Albany & Washington Sts, Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &c, &c NEW YORK CITY. ‘Wn. H. Wallace. DANIEL W. RICHARDS & CO., FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC SCRAP IRON, RAILS, STEEL AND METALS, Yards and Office, 88 to 96 Mangin St., NEW YORK. MoRTON B SMITH. Also Best Grades of American & English Refinéd Iron. PIC IRON, No. 69 Wall St., he Hae Wet York. All sizes and shapes in stock. ULSTER IRON \N. WORKS. EGLESTON BROS, & CO., 366 South St} NEW YORK CITY, 90 Broadway, New York. 288 Greenwich Street, NEW YORK, Dealers in BELLOWS, FORGES, VISES, The Coatesville I and Union Tube Works; Wrought Iron Beams, &c Ww. Brsrnaw. | Angles, Tees, Rivets, RASPS AND FILES, Sledges. B. EF. JUDSON, Importer of and Dealer in SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PiegtIron, Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, OLD METALS. DANIEL W. RICHARDS. aA ae PASSAIC ROLLING MILL Co. Manufacture and bave always in stock ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forg- ings, Eye Bars, &c. PATERSON, N. J = Boom 45, 4 Astor House, New York. a - CUT NAILS, Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, “he DOVER IRON CO. BOILER RIVETS, Boiler Brace Jaws, Socket Bolts, &c. Manhattan Rolling Mill. J. LEONARD, 445 to 451 West St., 177 &179 Bank St., NEW YORK, Manufacturer of HORSE SHOE IRON, Toe Calk Steel, meas, ore Half Ovals and Flats. DANIEL F. “COONEY, SS Washington St., N. Y. BOILER PLATES AND SHEET IRON, LAP-WELDED BOILER FLUES, Poller R ae Angle & T Iron, Cut name & apne. pfs acy for paps Bs on Co., Jos. L. ey ue [ro a w ork Lebanon Rolling Mills. Cheater «~ and Tube Co., Albany & Reng. Iron & Steel Co.'s "| Biase Rivets; Homogeneous Steel, Boiler 139 Greenwich Street, New York. H. B. & §. Bar Iron. VOUGHT & WILLIAMS, Horse Shoes, Horse Nails, Agent for Otis’ celebrated Cast Steel Boiler Plat : Ot ee eS oe Rolling Mile, | Tuyere trons, Carriage and Tire Bolts, Drilling Machines, Hammers and a3 a a86 soucn st} NEW YORK. Collinsville, Conn. _ Correspondence solicited. = | , Agency of Railway Supplies an d Equipme at HOGLUND’S SONS & CO., Stockholm, ees ate eaten | Swedish & Norway Iron Agents NASHUA | IRON AND STEEL CO,, | of f every description. | Stock on hand at Boston STEEL LOCO Me aIVE TYRES. HOMOGENEOUS spostalay. — ee ee STEEL BOILER PLATES, IR RON AND ST steel AXLES, | GUSTAF LUNDBERG, 38 Kilby st:, Boston CRANK PINs, PISTON RODS — IRON AND STEEL LOCOMOTIVE FORGINGS, | PALPERT POTTS, Philadelphia Agent, 254 & 13’. GLENGARNOCK AND CARNBROE SCOTCH PIG IRON For spot delivery and for prompt or forward shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore or New Orleans. For sale in lots to suit by JAMES LEE & CO., Sole Agents for the United States. 72 Pine Street, NEW YORK, 101 Milk Street, BOSTON, MASS. LEECH BU RG _TRON WOoRKS. KIRKPATRICK & CO... Manufact rs of all grades of FINE SHEET IRONS. (Refined Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, Be.) NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OFFICE, No, 143 First Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. WORKS, Leechburg, Pe. CHARLES HUBBARD, “Sheridan” & ** Leesport’”? Brands Pig Iron, WHITE IRON (Anthracite & Bessemer) Stock for Making Strong Castings. “CHARCOAL” PIG IRON “MAIDEN CREEK” and “GARRICK” BRANDS. FAVORITE BRANDS OF SCOTCH PIC, IN STOCK AND TO ARRIVE. ___Old-Car Wheels, Best Brands. 46 Cliff Street, New York City. JAMES W. Oss, IMPORTER OF AND FURNACE AGENT FOR SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON, MANUFACTURERS’ AGENT OF Bar Iron, Car Wheels, Axles, Rails and Railroad Supplies. WHITAKER SOLE AGENT IRON COMPANY OF WHEELING, W. VA., MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET IRON, TANK AND FIRE BED, 36 DEARBORN STREET, CHICACO. ALEXANDER BURNS, Mavager. Joun J. SPOWERS, President. THE JERSEY CITY GALVANIZING CO., CALVANIZED MATERIAL OF EVERY D DESCRIPTION. Galvanized Sheet Iron—Best Bloom, Best Kefined, Commen. Galvanize 4 , A Square Band ane Ioop Iron, &c., &c. All Sizes All Gauges of Corrugation and from Sizes of Sheets 1 to 5 inches. Corrugated SBeet [ron a Specialty, ralvenines, Black and Eeinted. Iron Corrugated for the Trad ates furnished On applicatio WORKS, GREEN AND BAY STREETS, JERSEY CITY, N. J. OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE, 98 JOHN STREET NEW YORK October 12, 1895 Oo 12, 1889, LKS. Stee! TE iptions, id Sheet isburgh — imited, - Pa, Co., kes, ork, KERS its, »N, Iron RIZER, iD, KER, stocks, ‘ockholm, lron it Boston 1 orders , Boston 4 & 236 N. RON | phia, tes. , MASS. i Ss. ger. SOs aN. and and ets » Trade w YORK ee lead October 12, 1882, ‘ ee! elie ; Siemens’ Regenerative ene e ee ee Manufacturers’ Agents FURN A CE For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and a | Sheet Iron and General Railway RICHMOND & POTTS, Equipments, Old Rails, Axles, and Wheels bought and sold. 1198. Fourth St. PHILADELPHIA, PA. The Cambria Iron and Steel Works, Having enjoyed for over TWENTY-FIVE YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality of RAILS, have now an annual capacity of 230,000 Tons of Iron and Steel Rails, Splice Bars, &c. ADDRESS, CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, No. 218 South 4th Street, Philadelphia, Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. Or LENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Pine St., N. ¥. 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, and built up shapes for Iron Bridges, REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variety of SHAPE IRON made to order Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty Street. BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymarch St. ALAN WOOD & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom PLATE co SHEET IRON. No. 519 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. < solicited especially for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, Sank aol beak Iron ; on thasevine., Ferruie, Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Iron. Iron. | JAS. ROWLAND & (60, Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, A. & P. ROBERTS & co. = 920 North Delaware Ave., <- Manufacturers of the ANVIL BRAND REFINED MERCHANT BAR IRON. Also. the James Rowland & Co. Kensington Sic saincn from their Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel; Skelp Iron a specialty; also Rounds, Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of LP CAR AXLES. BAR, ANGLE, TEE AND CHANNEL IRON. Office, No. 265 8. Fourth St., Philadelphia, Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. J. W. PAXSON « CO., MLOUL. DING SAND, 1021 North Delaware Avenue,BPHILADELPHIA, PA., MANUFACTURERS LEAD FACING, RIDDLES, SHOVELS, ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILL COMPANY, tails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. Jeneral Office, 237 South Third St., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa X MINERAL, < XX MINERAL, A IXL FACING, Ss ‘HARCOAL FACING, NFHRACITE FACING, OAPSTONE, JAMES C, BOOTH. THOMAS H. GARRETT. ANDREW A. BLAIR. BOOTH, CARRETT & BLAIR, Analytical and Consulting Chemists, 919 and 921 Chant St. (10th St. above Chestnut St.), PHILADELPHIA PA. Established in 1836. Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys of all kinds. A special department for the ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, fitted with all the apparatus and appliances for the rapid and accurate analysis of Iron Steel, Iron res, Slags, Limestones. Coals. Clays, Fure Sands &c. Agents for sampling ores in New York and Raltimore. Price lists on application. x : a eee es _ FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ORES, IRON, STEEL, FUEL, FLUXES, FURNACE GASES, &c., Being direct Importers and Manufacturers we can offer superior inducements EIMER & AMEND,/} Nos, 205 to 211 Third Avenue. NEW YORK. ) , Eighteenth Street Station Elevated R, R, Illustrated Catalogue Mailed on Application, Our Specialty L THE LRHRON AGE. J. Bttin JUSTICE COX, Jr, Fall non. JUSTICE COX, JR. & C0., 222 8. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. AGENTS FOR . CHICKIES, ST. CHARLES, MONTGOMERY Pig, Bar and Railroad Iron. WARWICK, CONEWAGO AND KEYSTONE OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &o. Agent for the Foundry & Forge Pig Iron. MOUNT SAVAGE FIRE BRICK, SHAWNEE ROLLING MILL CO., Limited, 3est Quality Muck Bar. The Allentown Iron Co, and the CATASAUQUA MEG, COS Greenwood Ro'ling Mill. Bar, Angle, Skelp and Sheet Iron. STORAGE WHARF AND YARD I Cc Railroad Car Axles. New and Old Rails. JELAWARE AVENUE ABOVE CALLOWHILL STRERT, 224 , . connected by track with railroad, No. 333 Walnut St., Philadelphia. ee eee tneee ean PETER WRIGHT & SONS, 307 Walnut Street, Phtiadelphta, 55 Broadway, New York, Established 1837. A. PURVES & SON, Dealers in Scrap lron, Metals and Machinery Cor. South and Penn Sts., Philadelphia, Offer for sale in large or small lots, quantities to suit, Old Machinery, Red Scrap Brass (selected), Old heavy Yellow Scrap Brass, Ingot Ked Brass (best qual ity), Inzot Yellow Brass, Ingot Gun Metal made strictly from old cannon. . 44 Second Street, Baltimore, mporters of erman and English S PIEGELEISEN Pig, Scrap, FOREICN & NATIVE BESSEMER ORES.|NEW ety hg Ailes PIC IRON ENCLISH FIRE BRICK. -_ 2051 Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA. |JEROME KEELEY & CO.., D. W.R. READ & CO., Importers and dealers in 142 Pearl St, 57 Gracechurch St. 67 S, Gay St., 206 Walnut Place, Philadelphia. NEW YORK, LONDON. ~—_ BALTIMORE, SELLING AGENTS FOR | CHARCOAL and ANTHRACITE BLOOMS, PIG IRON, NORTH BROS. | bik ON, SHEET IRON, STEEL and IRON RAILS. IRON CLAD STEEL RAILS and BA RS. MAGNETIC and _MA’ > IRON ORES FIRE BRICK, COA 23d and Race Sts., Philadelphia. and ‘OKE. MUCK BARS. Handle Old Iron and Steel Rails, Scrap Iron, &c. Examine and negotiate sales of Iron and Coal properties. E. H. Wilson. A. Kaiser. J. B. M. Hirons E. H. WILSON & CO., 230 South Third Street, Philadelphia, BROKERS AND DEALERS IN IRON AND STEEL. Correspondence solicited. Fine Light and Medium-Weight GRAY IRON CASTINGS to order. Correspondence solicited Isaac V. Lioyp. 7 ~ Jas. G. LInDsay. LLOYD & LINDSAY, No. 328 Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA, Brokers aud General Dealers in Iron and Steel, Railway Equipments and Supplies, Bar, Plate and Sheet Iron, Pig Iron, Rails and Fastenings, Muck Bars, Blooms, Boiler Tubes, Wrought Iron Pipe, &c. Old Rails and Scrap Iron, Florida Yellow Pine, cargo lots. : aaa J. 0. RICHARDSON, No. 232 Dock St., Philadelphia, DEALER IN Pig tron, Merchant Bar Iron and tron Ores. J. MOHR, Sole Agent for Sheridan, Leesport, Ring- gold and Lynchburg, BESSEMER, FOUNDRY AND FORGE PIG IRON, Jefferson and Mt. Penn Cold Blast Car Wheel Charcoal Pig tron. 430 Walnut 8t., PHILADELPHIA, PA, G. A. HEBERTON. 8. FRANK SHARPLESS. BLAKEY & WALBAUM. 206 S. Fourth St., PHILADELPHIA. SPECIALTIES NEW AND OLD RAILS, BLOOMS, BESSEMER PIQG, Spiegeleisen Iron Ores AND Railroad Supplies Generally. J. THE STANDARD STEEL WORKS. HEBERTON & CO.,, Selling Agents and Commission Merchants For the sale of tig, Bloom, Plate, Bar, Scrap, Galvanized, Black, Sheet, Pipe and Railroad IRON. |LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR WHEEL TIRES, No. 220 So. 34 St., Phila. Manufactured aes aia OTIS STEEL. Charcoal Bloom and Pig a specialty. ZZ STANDARD. & JOSEPH P. REED & C6., Quality and efficiency fully guaranteed. Prices as Iron Brokers and Commission Merchants, | low as any of the same quality. We manufacture Heavy and Light Forgings, Driving and Car Axles, Crank Pins, Piston Rods, &c Works at Lewistown, Pa. 261 8S. Fourth St., Philadelphia Sole Agents for COOPER IKON MINING CO., Chester, N. J. RIDGEVIEW COAL AND COKE CO., Latrobe. Office, 2:20 S. 4th St., Philadelphia, Pa. J. D. BOYLE’S CONNELLSVILLE COKE. : HARBISON & WALKER’S FIRE BRICKS. MAGNETIC and HEMATITE IRON ORES a Specialty - ETHELBERT WATTS, ANDOVER PIG IKON, ~ | TRON BROKER AND COMMIS- FOR BEST MILL PRODUCTS SION MERCHANT, " hit 2 r ’ sheel he | ; : indover Chill Iron for Carwheels, &c. | No. 3826 Walnut St., Philadelphia. Each pig marked exact chill depth (44 inch to 7% inch) A. Whitney & Son’s standard test | Pig, Muck and Bar Iron, Scrap, Etc. Also, COKE AND BIT. COAL. Rodmin Wister, 2 N M. Shimer Ate Shimer & ( L. & R. WISTER & CO., IRON BROKERS. F. A. Comiy, Treas Agent 407 Walnut St... PHILADELPHTA. | Ww. HOFFWAN & OO., ron Merchants & Railway Equipments. 208 South Fourth St., Philadelphia. Sole agents Glasgow Iron Co. and Pine Iron Works ais “ f - cs a manufacturers of Muck Bar and all grades of Plate S« rap Iron a Spec ialty. Iron, Celebrated ““Glasgew’’ and * Pine’’ ants fx ‘ Jo.’ brands for fire boxes and difficult fanging. Pig and roc ote For tae Clearfield Wire Brick Co.’s Bar Iron, Rails and all shapes in Iron. Quotations | «xiven on Bridge and Building Specifications. No. 230 South 4th St., Philadelphia, MAKES OF - ON so ee ALL BARBED FENCE WIRE, Stretchers, Diggers, Staples, &c. And LOW H’S METALLIC The Great Raliroad Paint. CHARLES: F, McBRID , Eastern Agent, 197 Pearl Street, New York, Also, Boston, Philadelphia and Raltimore. J. TATNALL LEA & CO, Successors to CABEEN & CU., IRON COMMISSION MERCHANTS, No. 400 Chestnut Philadelphia. BESSEMER, MILL AND FOUNDRY PIG IRON, SKELP IRON, MUCK AND SCRAP BARS NATIVE AND FOREIGN ORES, A. A. HUTCHINSON & BRO.’S CONNELLSVILLE COKE J.-F’. BAILEY c& CoO., 216 South Ath J. WESLEY PULLMAN Langhorne Wister. PAINT, Street, ° Street, - - PHILADELPHIA, SELLING AGENTS, Pottsville lron & Steel Co.’s Beams, Angles, Channels, Rails and Bars, A. & P. ROBERTS & CO.°S Car Axles, Plates, Channels, Tees, Angles and Bar Iron, Universal and Sheared Plates for Bridge and Other Work. Special attention given ill kinds of Structura to 1 Irons Ou , Fig. 7 BRADLEE & CO., EMPIRE CHAIN WORKS, chat shank het 816 Richmond St., Philadelphia. separation of the Sbers. transveresly. woul Special attention given to the Manufacture f tins for | develop any trace f bad « raj i: Seine * Cranes ; Mining and Dredging Chains; “D, B, | Specia! | ciently worked is ; sania Gia. tes alicadte Crane Chain, : 5 CHARLES K. BARNS. | bear out the microscopic observation that the fibers were most loosely grouped toward the center, and had opened out vertically. This is still further borne out by the results in Table I, which average ultimate flive an CTION 434°x 634 Kaaterskill Accident.—Figq. tured End of Beam-Strap. 7.- -Frac- The strength of only 21,960 pounds per square inch for A, B and C, as against 35,735 pounds in D, Eand F. The line of break in these latter specimens started again through the middle, but in F became deviated, probably in consequence of both a slight fire-check a Fig. 8.—Perspective View of End A, Fig. 7, after Removal of Fractured Face. and also of the steely spot mentioned before as having been brought out by the acid. The difference in the resistance of the plates to vertical and horizontal cross strains was too well defined to pass without notice. In order, therefore, to see whether or not similar re- Fig. 9.—Test Pieces and Line of Break Developed in Plate next to Fracture under Transverse Pull, sults would develop in another section of the strap, a couple of plates, also inch thick, were cut from near the fracture in the lower arm of the strap, and similarly divided up and tested. The results of these tests are \ | } fe) | }H| ae | ee, Siissiaeamadmae tinea coil Fig. 10.—Top View of Part A E, Fig. 7, of Strap, showing Test Sections taken out. given in TableII. Again, we find the resist- tance to vertical cross-strain considerably less than to horizontal cross-strain, only here the difference in the re some