The Iron Age 1882-05-18: Vol 29 Iss 20

VT ee: 3 ee ES The Iron Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by Davi Wittiams, Ne, 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter, Vol. XXIX : No. 20. New York, Thursday, May 18, 1882. $450 a Year, Including Pantage Single Copies, Ten Cents. Testing Machine for Axles, Journals, | it show remarkable richness and superiority. | resourees, which, with paeesvon appliances, | 12% cents, and a pair of iron-tired cart|‘‘The Americans are pushing their trade e. Boxes and Labricators, Lubrication is so important a factor in the operation of railroads that it is a matter of regret that the many investigations and ex- periments relative thereto have been hitherto conducted more or less at haphazard. The reason for this is to be found in the great difficulty attending all attempts at sys- tematic experiments with details of rolling stock in actual service. Consequently, trials of axles, boxes, journals and lubricators, in order not to interfere with the traffic, are al- ways surrounded by such a number of ex- traneous influences, as to leave the results open to ve doubts as to their accuracy and reliability. The consequence of this is seen in the diversity of construction of these details on different roads, in the number of patents relating to them with which railroad offices are annually flooded, and above all and most markedly, in the fact that one road will, ‘‘ after a thorough trial,” approve and = appliances which another road, also ‘‘ after a thorough trial,” condemns as worth- less, om, pernage, has abandoned years ago. Our illustration represents a testing ma- chine built by the Paris, Lyons and Mediter- ranean Railway Company, which renders it possible to obtain accurate and positive re- sults on this subject right in the shop. Fig. 1 represents a side view and Fig. 2 a front view of the machine. A pair of wheels with its axle, journals, boxes and lubricator, and with its proper springs, is mounted in two cast-iron guides or stands. The load and spring tension is provided for by weights suspended upon rods, which admit of a varia- tion in loading corresponding to all possible loads which can come upon a pair of wheels in practice. Instead of resting upon rails though, the wheels are set upon a pair of frietion-whedle, upon the axle of which is a fixed y. The apparatus is set in motion by a belt which runs over this pulley and over a cone-pulley on the transmission shaft by which means the speed can be regulated to any desired rate. The axle of the fric- tion-wheels a, ane - its center, a worm-gear, which drives a dynamometer of the form of an ordinary governor, pro- vided with an index needle and graduated quadrant, giving the velocity in terms of revolutions v - minute ; a second gear con- nected with governor runs an automatic register, the figures of which appear on a disk in front of the axle, and give the num- ber of miles represented by the number of revolutions aaa To allow, moreover—in a certain measure at least—for the shocks arising from the wheels passing over rail joints, frogs, &c., the friction-wheels are arranged with an eccentricity of about 1-10th of an inch, thus producing at certain inter- vals slight shocks upon the axle- ings, and an increased spring tension. In thi manner the designer of apparatus seems to have taken into consideration all possible data required, #. e., load, s ze and track, and as each and of these factors are under the control of whoever is —. the test, observations upon the behavior o any detail under different loads, at different rates of speed, and for any desired mileage, can be made, thus cagerting partenlge ¥ jue to the results obtained, The advantage of experiments carried on with such facilities, and in the shop, over the ordinary methods of sending out a car, over the movements of which control is soon lost by the requirements of the traffic, and relying upon the reports of several men at different points of the line for reports on the result, is too obvious to need argument and in this sense this new testing machine seems to supply a long-felt want in railroad economy, oa cme The Iron Mountain of Durango, Mr. John Birkinbine, Secretary of the United States Association of Charcoal Iron- workers, recently paid a professional visit to the celebrated iron mountain near the city of Durango, Mexico. In a letter recently published in the Philadelphia Star, and written at Durango, Mr. Birkinbine esti- mates the mountain to be about one mile long, one-third of a mile wide, and about 600 feet high. In order to pet to our readers f er information about this great mineralogical wonder, we quote as follows from the letter in question : ‘Nothing which I have seen, either in the Lake Superior or Lake C plain regions, in Alabama or in Missouri, compares with it for magnitude, and even our Pennsylvania Cornwall is small when placed beside it. Several estimates of its cubical contents have been made, all running into hundreds of millions of tons. I have spent three days climbing its steep sides and looking up at its precipitous faces of ore, and feel safe in the assertion that the loose boulders and stones, which everywhere cover the surface, would produce 1,000,000 tons of pig iron, or more. Should the interior of the mountain be eom- posed of as solid ore as the vertical feces, rising like turrets from the slopes made by detritus from them, an estimate of this deposit is beyond our appreciation, for ore was found far below the surface in sinking an artesian well. There are several prob lems in the formation which present a sur- mise to the structure, and here I venture no estimate of the quantity of ore available. It 4%, however, beyond doubt ample for im- mense industries, and analyses published of The Cerro de Remedios, rising from the side | may be made more valua of the stream which supplies the numerous | precious metals are utilized in the mint here,| Judging by this description the quantity of and commodious baths of the city, is sur-| and a small blast furnace and rolling mill on ' iron is practically unlimited, and ¢ Some of the | wheels with iron axle, $125.” uture and -—\ NNER | pms 4 TH Me (MAREE! HE) i GEZZLLPREE EAL LB iy te ass Fig. 1,—End Elevation, Py We (MRE at Co) | : { } eT) : mi “a WT As SSS Fig.2.—Front Elevition. TESTING MACHINE FOR AXLES, JOURNALS, BOXHS AND LUBRICANTS. mounted by a chapel, and from its slopes |the river, five miles frem here, convert a | more complete developments will undoubt- considerable tin is extracted way. stab in ; : y Seuth Wales : mercury, tin, lead, and iron being among its | nails sell af 25 cents per pognd, castings at writes from Sydney, New Seu ee in @ very crude | portion of the ore from the Cerro de Mer- | edly give rise to interesting particulars. The State of Durango seems to be/|cado into iron. But even eae Landa. Stale all. minerals; ores of gold, silver, | under the shadow of this great iron deposit A correspondent of the London Time here with great energy, and in some articles have ousted, and in others are ousting, British manufacturers, It has always been a puzzle here why British dealers are elbowed out so contentedly, and why they do not take the same pains as the Americans to study the wants of their customers. The answer given is that the trade is too small. The Americans believe that small beginnings often have great endings.” a METALLURGICAL NOTES. INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL HARDENING UPON THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF IRON AND STEEL, Many investigations upon the relation be- tween the molecular conditions of iron and steel produced by heat, by torsion, and by annealing processes, and the resulting changes in magnetic conditions, have been made. It appears, however, that the effect of mechanical hardening has not been prop- erly investigated, and the results of re- searches by Mr. L. M. Cheesman will, there- fore, probably be of interest. Mr. Chees- man’s method of research consisted simply in determining the magnetic moment of the magnetic bar after it had been subjected to mechanical pressures. ‘The results obtained may be summed up as follows: Iron in a mechanically hard condition can receive more permanent magnetism than in a soft condition. The magnetic moment of a steel magnet in a mechanically hard condition is greater or smaller than in a soft condition, according as the ratio of its diameter to its length is less or greater than a certain limit. A NEW MANGANESE MINERAL, ''A new mineral, containing zine, iron and manganese, has been found in Park County, Colorado, and analyses made by Dr. Malvern W. Iles, of the Grant Smelting Works, Leadville, have given the following results : Found. Calculated. Percent. Per cent. Protoxide of iron ..........++-. 418 4-58 SOE Oe BE ined ne penance od ve 5-97 5-15 Protoxide of manganese, ...... 22.31 22.58 Sulphuric acid........... «+++. 36.07 35.62 WG cedcrescecectsénsees Seaver 31.60 32.06 The density was found to be 2.1627, and the hardness 0.75 to 1. The color is a pure milky white, and the mineral has a bitter, astrin- gent taste, and is readily soluble, even in cold water. THE PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF METALLIC CSIUM, Mr. Setterberg has made a series of trials, with a view to obtain large quantities of the salts of cesium and rubidium, and, if possible, metallic caesium itself, For this purpose he dissolved three or four hundredweights of the alums obtained as a by-product in the preparation of lithium salts frcm lepidolite, in so much water that at the boiling tempera- ture the liquid marked 20° B. This solution was decanted and allowed to stand 12 to 14 hours. The mother liquid contained no trace of c#sium or rubidium salts, but the crystals were rich in these metals. Mr. Setterberg found that each of the different alumns is insoluble in saturated solutions of the more soluble ones ; hence, so long as the solution of the alums was saturated with potassium alum, it contained scarcely a trace of the other alums, and the solution, consequently, showed no trace of caesium so long as it was saturated with rubidium alum. In about 14 days 88 pounds of rubidium alum and 44 pounds of cwsium alum, both pure, were obtained. At 17° C. 100 parts of water dis- solved 1.42 parts of rubidium alum and 0.38 parts of cesium alum. For the preparation of other salts the alums were decomposed with barium hydrate, and the filtrate neu- tralized with the acid whose salt was desired. In this way the acid tartrates and the cyan- ides were prepared. For the preparation of metallic rubidium, 1500 grams hydrogen- rubidium tartrate, 150 grams calcium car- bonate and a certain quantity of sugar were mixed and calcined, and the mixture trans- ferred to a mercury flask and distilled. Satisfactory results were thus obtained, while a kilogram of hydrogen cesium tar- trate similarly treated gave no result. Tho electrolytic method was then employed, first with the chloride and then with the cyanide of cesium. Finally a mixture of 4 molecules of cesium cyanide and 1 of barium cyanide was found to give a satisfactory result, the metal prepared showing in the spectroscope only a trace of sodium as an impurity. Cesium resembles closely the other alkali- metals. It is silver-white, malleable and very soft at ordinary temperatures. Thrown on water it bursts into flame, and swims about on the surface like potassium or rubidium. It inflames in the air when not protected. Is fuses about 26.5’, passing through a pasty condition, and its specific gravity at 15° C. is 1.88. —_————— LL -_— Refined lead from Przibram, Bohemia, is reported to be of a remarkable degree of purity, containing only small quantities of copper, bismuth, iron, zine and other objec- tionable bodies. Chemical analyses gave, on an average, the following results ; IN le tans dhdee es x xaos es o:170 Copper.........+05 eoees aaxke 90119 i cesaneseras incase os ,o018s5 Antimony.... dceunnacsvessse : ‘ -©0320 Sea was cde peaeekh can eee ,COL17 Zinc. ee Re Ae ; e128 Nickel..... a ea kalaa win acl a Trace SRE em aianee ; 99.9890 Ec cesbalesaens siudeue . 190. Q0009 ANSONIA BRASS & COPPER CO., No, 19 CHM Str set, Phe!ps Buliding, NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER In Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms. PURE COPPER WIRE For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Phosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. ANSONIA *& REFINED INCOT COPPER. PHELPS, DODGE & CO. IMPORTERS OF TIN PLATE, ROOFING PLATE, Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin Wire, Zine, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. CLIFF 8TREET, NEW YORK. SCOVILL MFC CO SRASS, HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. ——_>_—_— DEPOTS, FACTORIES, : '&421 Broome St. fn, Y: Waterbury, Conn, 177 Devonshire St., Boston. New Haven, Conn, 183 Lake St., Chicago, New York City, DICKERSON, YAN DUSEN & CO., Importers of Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, Wire, Zinc, Etc. 29 & 81 OU St., cor. Fulton, DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool. NEW YORK. THE IRON AGE. May 18, 1889, |ThePlume & Atwood Waterbury Brass 0. CAPITAL, - - $400, ooo. Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass; GERMAN SILVER, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wires BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, COPPER RIVETS & BURS, BRASS KETTLES, Door Rail, Brass Tags, PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASES, Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &e. And small Brass Wares of every Description. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Sbellg a Specialty. Sole Agents for the Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- ing Goods. DEPOTS: 296 Broadway, New York, 125 Eddy St., Providence, R, I. Detroit Copper & Brass Rolling Mills, BRAZIERS’ AND SHEATHING COPPER, ROLLED, SHEET & PLATERS’ BRASS GERMAN OR NICKEL SILVER, Copper Wire for Electrical ‘and other purposes, Brass and German Silver Wire, Copper Rivets and Burrs, COPPER BOTTOMS FOR TEA KETTLES AND BOILERS, Cor. Larned & Fourth Sts., Detroit, Mich. NEW YORK AGENCY: UNION HARDWARE CO, S87 Chambers and 6S Reade Sts. Millie At WATERBURY, Conn, ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- per and German Silver (In Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), COPPER & BRASS RIVETS AND BURS. Rome, New York. A. ©. NORTHROP, Waterbury, Conn., NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS FOR HARDWARE TRADE. on Iron and Brass Machine Screws; and Iron ately ene and Jack Chain; “Git, Turned Bomeen, Round and Square Head Cap and el Plated and Bronze Trimmings of all ; Brass a inde a Sheet Iron, Steel or Estimates on patented articies, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and promptly given. WORKS at TRENTON, N. Jd. ROEBLINO’S New York Office AND Warehouse, i 117 Liberty Street. Nifg. Company, SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, German Silver ‘and Gilding Métal, Copper Rivets and Burs, Copper Electrical. Wire, Pins, Brass Butt Hinges, Jack Chain, Kerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 18 Murray Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Factories, WATERBURY, Ct. A = | PHILIP L. MOEN, CHARLES F. WASHBURN, President & Treasurer. Vice President & Secretary, Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. Established, 1831. Capital, $1,500,000 WORCESTER, MASS. WIRE DRAWERS. Patent Galvanizing, Rolling and Tempering, WMANUFACTURERS OF TRON, AND IRON AND STEEL WIRE. Of Every Description. y Rolling Mill, THOMASTON, Ct. Bridgeport Brass Co,, Sheet and Roll Brass, Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, German Silver Metal and Wire, Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements, } PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS, Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and manufacturing Metal Goods. MANUFACTORY, _Bridgoport, Conn. THOS, W. FITCH, Prest. and Treas. A SPECIALTY MADE OF GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE, GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WIRE, PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TIES, PATENT STEEL BARB FENCING, AND PUMP CHAIN. { New York, 16 Cliff and ha WAREHOUSES | Chicago, aed sos Labs tenet Street. SS fh SS 6 Ss. == hits AL st ““NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS.” Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York. And California Wire Works Co., San E’vancisco, Cal. Manufactory, Nos. 1192, 1199, 120%, 1203, 1205, 1207, 1209 and r21r De Kalb Avenue, Brooklyn, N, Y. HOWARD & MORSE, MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS, COPPER & IRON WIRE CLOTH, Heavy Rolled Se for Malt Kiln Floors. Wire Work, Wire F e nd Guards. Also, Hand and Railroad Lanterns re Pee WAREHOUSE, 19 Murray St., N. ¥. A. A. LASAR, Secy. ST. LOUIS, MO. Holmes, Booth & Haydens, WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORK, BOSTON, 49 Chambers St. 18 Federal St, Manufacturers of aJl kinds of Brass, Copper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. BRASS & COPPER WIRE, Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. BRASS & IRON JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. German Silver Spoons, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Kerosene Burners, &c. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Agents for Plain Garden Arch. Border Garden Arches. No. 2 Semicircle. No. 11 Square. ABRAM 8, HEWITT, resident. JAMES HALL, Treasurer. WM. HEWITT,.Vice_President. E. HANSON, Secretary. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, ame N. Sed ‘Senntedtasers of iRONand STEEL WIRE OF ALL GRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED. Iron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths, THE JOHN A. ROEBLING'S SONS CO, Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., Dealers in Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, 100 John Street, New mn wrest, How Sak. ow York Office, COOPER, HEWITT & ©O., hiladelphia Office, JOHN HEWITT, easy a1 epics So 2 St. IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE WIRE ROPE], or lron, Steel and Copper, FOR Hoisting Purposes of all kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Ship Rigging, Sash Cords, Lightning Hods, &c., &c, Suspension Bridge Cables, Telegraph Wire, Market Wire, Vineyard Wire. Iron and Steel WIRE FOR Market Wire, Fence Wire, Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Rivet Wire, &c., &c. ___GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. BRODERICK & BASCOM, MANUFACTURERS OF gas aT ny STEEL ~< Wire Rope. —— 728 N. Main Manufacturers of oH DAE aa y ROPES St, St. Louis, Mo. WORCESTER WIRE co., IRON AND STEEL IRE For all Purposes. WORCESTER, MASs. j | BROWNING, SISUM & CO., 85 Chambers St. Staples, and everthing pertaining to wire bending. 949 go 9233 N. Main St., SF. LOUIS, M0, For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &c PASSAIC ZINC CO. saan, pny Bea, Manufacturers of Address: HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co., Pa. Pure Spelter |FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germany. PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables, ae SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, Galvanizers & Brass Founders. Flusseisen, Swedish and German Charcoal Wire. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'lAgents,| gay. VWANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE 313 Liberty Street, N. Y. of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and in long lengths. Geo. W. Prentiss. & Co., 9 | For Plain, Barb GALVANI Settee st a WIRE, Oiled Feacing HOLYOKE, MASS., re, round and ov Fe ae WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, TELEGRAPH CABLES. Contractors to the German and Foreign coqrameente. The oldest house in the braneh on the Cop tinent. Telegraph Address, CAKLSW ERK, COLOGNE, General Agents for U. 8. and Canada, PERKINS & CHOATE, 23 Nassau St, N. YY A. LEASCHEN cc Son, Mematechapers of WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCHIPTION. Corresponderee invited, Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK, Bricht, Coppered, Annealed y ‘ eases, Also GUN conEW WIRE Of all size straightened and eut to order, Manufacture Belt Hooks, Cetters, Spring Keys, D Rines, Factory = iE, RE, 4 [RE ths. d Fencing ° a the Cop N. Y. invited, CARY c& MOEN, 0. LINDEMANN STEEL WIPE far alt purooeer ae avers. RPPINCES -f avery daarriotian Manufacturers of all kinds of Japanned, Brass & Tin Plated BIRD CAGES. Catalogues furnished to the trade. 254 Pearl St., NEW YORK. ae ae PU cLELL i Ls U ad cs at CH ein WOLD ILE RL LCD LRELL ELL ELAL ¥ WCE RELLELELELAAL AES ~ > starket Steet Wire, Crinoline Ware, tempered and covered. Also Patent Tempered Stee! Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. 934, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, - - ° » ° a 7 a re) “So 2 pie EY ET tee a ) Las ; 40 Page Illustrated Catalogue Just Issued. Sent Free on Application. ' YALE LOCK MFG. CO., talesroome NEW YORK, MANUFACTURERS, ESGINEERS AND MACHINISTS "O00 Washes Bene” 53 Chambers Street. Gites aad Works, arket Street. 24 Franklin Street. |S LTAMEORD, CONN.) 64 tc AGo: POPE,COLE & Co. BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Also Cakes, of unequaled purity and toughness. G. Gunther, Manufacturer of Patented Brass, Silver Plated and Japanned BIRD CAGES. Can be nested for ex- port shipments. 46 Park Place, NEW YORK. variety in erns and unsurpassed in on New Iludtrated Catalogues and Price Lists on application. FOUNDRYMEN’S METALLIC emer " uP Salesrooms, A complete chemical an- alysis and thorough physical test is made in the Labora- tory of CAMBRIA IRON CO. of every heat of Steel used in the GAUTIER STEEL DE- PARTMENT. From _ these data an expert selects a quality adapted to the spe- cific duty to be performed. The New York Office of the Gautier Steel Department of Cambria Iron Co. has Pattern Letters and Figures, | .).5uid be addressed. To put on patterns of Castings, All sizes. Re duced prices. Mafd. by H. W, Knight Sennce Fells. N.Y. No, 8. FOR Wet Pulverization of Rocks, Ores, Rolling Mill Fix AND OTHER MATERIAL, EITHER COARSE OR TO AN IMPALPABLE POWDER. STEPHEN P. M. TASKER, SOLE MANUFACTURER, Care of MORRIS, TASKER & CQ,, Limited, PHILADELPHIA, U. 8. A Centrifugal force applied to a rolling ball for the purpose of pulverizing. Tested thoroughly and gnaranteed to yield a greater product of pulverized material of equal fineness in a given time with less wear, less power, less first cost and less cost for repairs than stamps or any other pulverizer. Bergen Port Spelter. MINES : WORKS & FURNACES, Lehigh Valley, Pa. Bergen Port, N. J. The only Miners and Manufacturers of PURE LEHICH SPELTER From Lehigh Ore. Especially adapted for Cartridge Metal and German Silver. Also manufacturers of BERGEN PORT OXIDE ZINC. Superior for Liquip Pamrr on account of its body and wearing properties. BERGEN PORT ZINC CO. E. A. FISHER, Agent, 13 Burling Slip, N. Y. J. A. EMERICK, HOWARD EVANS. * aoe rr io ANS . ¥ MOLDERS’ TOOLS, FOUNDRY FACING, MOLDING SAND, FOUNDRY SUPPLIES, J. A. HPMERICK & CO., 1056 to 1076 Beach St., PHILADELPHIA. —————e ee ee ESTABLISHED 18387. H. 8. Cuasz, Sec’y, © INCORPORATED 1876, C. F. Popg, Treas. Waterbury Mig. Co., WATERBURY, CONN. Brass Goods. MENDEN & SCHWERTE IRON AND STEEL WIRE WORKS, AT SCHWERTE, WESTPHALIA, GERMANY. The Wire Works in the world. Make, on 12 trains, STEEL AND TRON WIRE RODS of all dimensions down to No. 8 and 9, Stubs gauge. Also, FINE IRON, HOOP I BAR Ss Eeeensions and qualities, — ae Se SOLE AGENTS FOR THE UNITED &£TATEs: WOLTMAN & MICKERTS, ST, LOUIS, MO, CALVIN WELLS, A. MEANS, President. Manager. ILLINOIS ZINC CO., MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET ZINC, PERU, ILLINOIS. —_— =. A, FISHER, * § ° Agent, 13 Burling Slip, New York. esas SS NEW YORK removed to 13 Cedar Street, where all communications intended for said office - OMPSON’S PATENT THE IRON AGE. i ttt tte Iron from Phosphoric Pig Iron. BY SIDNEY G. THOMAS AND PERCY C, GILCHRIST. Lord Palmerston’s terse and accurate dofi- nition of dirt as ‘‘matter in the wrong lace,” may, with singular appropriateness, applied to the phosphorus, which, while itself a substance of considerable commercial value, is unfortunately so generally asso- ciated with iron ores, to the great detriment of their utility and value. Dephosphoriza- _ tion endeavors to relegate this wrongly-placed matter, if not into its right place, at least into a neutral position, where it can do no | active mischief. The actual importance and scope of dephosphorization, in its application to steel-making, is most readily realized if we bear in mind : 1. That, on a rough estimate, about nine- tenths of the whole deposits of iron ore in Europe contain more than one part of phos- phorus for every 1000 parts of iron, 2. That in the smelting of iron ore in the blast furnace to form pig iron (the first step in the conversion of iron ore to a malleable material), no phosphorus is removed, so that, practically, all the phosphorus found in the ore is found also in the pig. 3. That in neither of the two great steel- making processes, as ordinarily carried out, is phosphorus removed ; so that all the phos- phorus found in the pig is, under ordinary circumstances, found also in the stcel into which it is converted. 4. That the presence of more than one part of phosphorus in 1000 of steel is not permis- sible (subject to the qualifications hereafter referred to) where vilieiie quality is neces- sary ; phosphorus, as is well known, causing in steel extreme brittleness at ordinary tem- peratures. statements requires some amplification and qualification. With regard tothe exact pro- portion between the phosphoric and non- phosphoric deposits of ore in Europe our estimates must be, of course, to a certain extent, conjectural and open to error. Now, of the 18,000,000 tons of iron ore raised in 1880 in England, a trifle over 3,000,c00 tons, or about one-sixth of the whole, were non-phosphoric (by which is meant that they do not contain over one part of phosphorus for every 1000 parts of iron). In other words, five-sixths of the whole amount raised was unfit for steel-making without some process of dephosphorization. But this fraction is far from representing the actual proportion between the available deposits of the two kinds of mineral, for while the high price of hematite ore causes every known deposit to be exploited to its maximum extent, the hith- erto relatively low value of phosphoric ores has not rendered it profitable to work, except to a very limited extent, some of the largest deposits. The non-phosphoric ores are con- fined in England to Cumberland, Lancashire, the Forest of Dean, and two or three other very limited areas, such as Weardale, Mwndy and the North of Ireland. On the other hand, the whole of the ores of Scotland, Yorkshire—including the vast deposits of Cleveland, with its annual output of over 6,500,000 tons—North and South Wales, Shropshire and Staffordshire, and the great belt of country extending from Wiltshire across Oxfordshire and Northamptonshire to Lincolnshire are phosphoric, These deposits are of so enormous an extent as to render it very difficult to calculate their probable con- tent of ironstone, but an attentive exami- nation of their area justifies the conclusion that the non-phosphoric ores are in Great Britain at leas. ten times more abundant than the purer kinds. Mr. Lowthian Bell—than whom there could be no more competent authority—some years ago estimated the proportion as eight to one ; but this was before the great area of the Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire iron- stone fields was so fully ascertained as it is at present. On the Continent, also, all the largest deposits, with the exception of those of Spain and Sweden, are phosphoric. The reat phosphoric ironstone region shared Crean Luxembourg, the Meurthe-et-Mo- selle, Alsace-Lorraine and Belgium, are alone more considerable than all the other deposits of Northern Europe together. In America the deposits of Bessemer ore are very large, but are greatly exceeded in mag- nitude by the great phosphoric ore tracis of Pennsylvania, Alabama, {ennessee and Vir- ginia, and it is highly probable that the cen- ter of the steel manufacture of the United States will on this account gradually gravi- tate southward. The fact that when iron ores are sme!ted in a blast furnace the whole of the phosphorus they contain will pass into | the pig iron produced is too well known to require insisting upon. The only exception is in the case of a few small furnaces which, while producing a particular quantity of iron, will, when working on certain highly-phos- phoric ores, allow a trifling quantity of phos- phoric acid to escape unreduced with the slag, though still producing a highly-phos- phoric pig iron. Nor does it seem at all probable that in the blast furnace, which is pre-eminently and necessarily a reducing, as opposed to an oxidizing apparatus, there is the slightest chance that the conditions can ever be so altered as to allow of any appre- ciable removal of phosphorus taking place in the manufacture of pigiron. The attempts | that have been made to purify the ore before | its introduction into the blast furnace—of | which the only partially practicable one is | Jacobi’s—have also hitherto entirely failed | of commercial success. The average pro-| portion of phosphorus in our best known | varieties of pig iron may be taken roughly | to be as follows: Cleveland, 1.5 per cent.; Scotch, about 1 per cent.; Lincoluashbire, 1.25 per cent.; Staffordshire cinder pig, 2.5 per | cent.; Staffordshire mine pig, from .5 tol) per cent. ; Northamptonshire, 1.5 per cent. | and over. It will thus be seen how far re-| moved all these varieties of pig iron are from | the non-dephosphorizing steel-maker’s type, which, as we shall see, must not contain ap- preciably more than one-tenth of 1 per cent., or one part in 1000 of phosphorus, The Fact that, till the year 1878, in neither | of the two great steel-making processes, the Bessemer and Siemens, was phosphorous in | the slightest degree removed is also a matter of universal knowledge. In puddling, on the etber hand, it has long been known that < Like all general assertions, each of these | 38 The Manufactare of Steel and Ingot from 80 to 90 per cent. of the phosphorus | present in the pig iron could be removed | without difficulty. Thus, Cleveland pig iron | containing 1.5 per cent. of phosphorus will |make a puddled bar containing little more than 1-roth of this amount, Woe should not forget, however, that there is a third great system of steel] making—the crucible-steel manufacture, based on the cementation pro- cess. As this, however, starts with iron which has already been dephosphorized and decarburized by the puddling or some analo- gous process, it may be disregarded for tho present purpose, with the remark that no better mata2rial for the manufacture of cement or crucible steel could be obtained than the highly-puritied material which it will be shown can be so readily producod by the new Bessomer process. The proportions of the several kinds of stee] manufactured in | 1880 are estimated by the able Belgain metal- 'lurgist and statistician, M. Trasenster, to | be as follows: Bessemer, 81 per cent.; Sie- mens, 16 per cent.; crucible, nearly 4 por jcent. It has been said that the presence of | more than one part of phosphorus in 1000 of steel is fatal to good quality. This, too, ;needs some explanation and qualification. Steel may be roughly divided mto three | classes: hard steels, rail or medium steels jand soft stecls. In hard steels coataining | 44 per cent. of carbon and more, the pres- | ence of as much phosphorous as above men- j tioned is highly prejudicial, rendering the | material absolutely unfit for the manufacture of all the better class of tools. In rail steels ;one part in 1000 is considered in England | quite as much as should be tolerated, though | when the carbon is as low as 4% per cent. half as much again may be carried with safety. In fact, in Amorica the average | home-made rails do not contain less than 1 | part of phosphorus per 1000. Many of the Continental rail steels also contain 1&{ per 1000 of phosphorus and more; this being | rendered comparatively safe by tho fact that | foreign engineers prefer rails with a lower }content of carbon than is admitted in | England. The Terrenoire Company and others, tak- ing advantago of the fact that phosphorus is | less dangerous in proportion as the amount of carbon in the rails is less, have, indeed, produced rails with 2-1roooths of phosphorus }and very low carbon, which in ordinary climates are fairly reliable. For the soft steel and ingot iron containing less than 2-1000ths of carbon, which is now so largely used for manufactures other than rails, such as plates, wire, angles, rivets, sheets, and general purpoges, it is also extremely desir- able to keep the phosphorus lower than 1 per 1000. For good quality of boilor plates and {other special purposes, half this amount should be considered as a maximum. Indeed, it may be taken as a rule that the lower the phosphorus the higher the quality. It is thus seon that in admitting 1-roth of 1 per cent. of phosphorus as the average maximum allowable fur good steel, we have, if any- thing, given a high limit. It is now possible to appreciate more exactly the grounds for the statement that at least 85 to go per cent. of the iron ores of Great Britain, and prob- ably nearly the same proportion of the whole }known ore deposits of the world, are unavailable for steel making without a prac- ticable process of dephosphorization. In order to grasp more fully what this means, it may be well to examine into what forms the crude iron which is usually produced is transformed before it passes into consump- tion. For this purpose M. Trasenter’s figures may be again quoted, Assuming the world’s production of pig iron to be 19,700,000 metric tons, approximately 5,250,000 tons are con- sumed in the manufacture of steel, 9,000,000 tons in the manufacture of iron, and 5,500,- 000 tons in the production of castings. Again, taking Mr. Jeans’ carefully prepared figures for Great Britain, it appears that of the 8,370,000 tons of pig iron made in Eng- land about 2,000,000 tous were employed in the manufacture of steel, and nearly 3,000,- ooo tons in the manufacture of puddled iron. Now we have it on the excellont authority of Mr. Edward Williams, the late president of the Iron and Steel Institute, an iron aud steel maker of wide and varied experience, that the consumption of coal in manufactur- ing steel rails from pig iro’ was, over a series of years, only a trifle over one-third of that employed in the manufacture of iron rails, while the wages cost for manufactur- ing steel rails is only 28 per cent. of thav necessary for the manufacture of iron rails.* W hile there is no doubt that the economy of fuel and labor in the manufacture of steel as compared with that of iron is more con- spicuous in the case of rail-waking than in most other departments of manutacture, tho figures above quoted may be taken as closely approximating to the truth in all cases, as, while puddling has, comparatively speaking, stood still for the past Io years, economy in steel-making has mado, and is making, rapid progress. How then does it happen that there are 9,000,000 tons of piz iron annually turned into the unquestionably inferior ma- terial known as pudded iron, while only 5,500,000 tons are converted into the superior form of steel or ingot iron, particularly when so great an economy of fuel and labor could have been ellected by turning the whole into the higher class materiali May it not be fairly contended that it is really nothing but the absence of a practical and eco:omical system of dephosphorization that could jus- tify the existenco of such an anomaly i at is now proposed to show that thore is no rea- son for its continuanco, since the develop- ments and modilications introduced during the last four years enable 1 of any de- sired purity as regards freedom not only from phosphorus, but from silicon and sul- | phur, to be produced readily and economically from the must highly phosphoric kinds of pig iron. ‘the Bessomer process, with concurrent dephosphorization, as now regularly prac- ticed at the Eston Works of Bolckow, Vaughan & Co. (who, under the able guid- jance of Mr. Windsor Richards, have been jthe pioneers of the new industry) and 13 other works in France, Belgium, Germany, Austria and Russia, is carried out as follows: The Bessemer vessel is lined with magnesian lime which has been previously subjected to an inteuse white heat, and so broucht toa condition of density, tenacity and hardness as far as possible removed from the condi- *Jeurnal of the Lron and Stwel Institute, p. 435. sie” —_ oa 2.i ee - en o> Teoh Pte , AP as os a Om x od oe ~~ “Dae 4 OGDEN & WALLACE, 85, 87,89 & 91 Kim St., New York, iron and Steel Of every descnption kept in stock. Agents for Park Brother & Co.'s BLACK DIAMOND STEEL. All sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel constantly on hand. PIERSON & CO., 24 Broadway, New York City. THE IRON AGE. May 18, 1882, A. B. Warner & Son,| OXFORD IRON CO. |W D. WOOD & C0.’S IRON MERGHANTS, & 29 West and 52 Washington dis IRON & STEEL BOILER PLATE. BOILER TUBES, Angle, Toe and Girder Iron, Boller and Tank Rivets. Sole Agents for the celebrated LUKENS, PENNOCKS, ** WAWASSET,” ** EUREKA.” Brands of Iron. Alsoal! descriptions of Plate, Sheet, and Gasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive aron. Fire Box Iron a specialty. | | 28 (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) Cut Nails SPIKES. J. 8 SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. JOHN W. QUINCY & CO., 98 William Street, New York. -B SNOW SHOES fai —— [@ ROADSTER Fi PATENT = PATTERN. Planished Sheet Iron. : Patented March 14th, 1865 ; April 8th, 1873 ; Sept. 9th, 1873; Oct. 6th, 1874; Jan. 11, 1676. Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the STEEL TOE CALKS. Extra Quality Homogeneous Steel ROME MERCHANT. IRON MILLS, Manufacturers of the best grade of Bar lron, Bands and Fine Hoops. gnerolle. one. walt Ovals, pee Some Rounds, Hexagon and lron & Steel. COMMON & REFINED IRON, asks of iron ‘beande a4J.G. All I pudd dled Hoops, Rods, Scrolls, Bands, Ovals, A ‘uced by bammer. Orders may be sent to t Horse Shoe, Nail Rods, to. O. CARPENTER, our Agent, at 5 Steel, &e. Street, New York FOX & DRUMMOND; IRON, PLATES, Mill on or John Orders preety filled from stock. — ESTABLISHED L7SS. _ABEEL BROS., 190 South & 365 Water St., N. ¥., TIN “CATASAUQUA” AND METALS, 68 WALL STREET, - NEW YORK. Marshall Lefferts & Co., 90 Beckman St., New York City, MANUFACTURERS OF Galvanized Sheet 7 Pest Bloom, Best Refined and cr es co Galvanized Wire. ina on Salen ont ee: S — Chain, alvanined Ire . . R. WHITNEY & CO., Manufacturers ot and Dealers in IRON Our specialty is in Planufacturing Iron Used in the Con- struction of Fire-Proof Buildings, Bridges, &c. Agents for Carnegie Bros. & Co., Limited, Wro Iron Beams and Channel Iron. Bay a. Co., Boiler Plate and Tank Iron. Nor- M. Wrought Iron Pi H. P. Nail Co. s Wire Box Nails. Altoona Iron Co.’s Refined Bars, Rods. Hoops, Bands, &c, Samson Iron Works, Refined Plate and Tank Iron, Pians and estimates furnished, and contracts made for erecting Lron Structures of every descrip- | _ C No. 1,C H No. 1, CH ze 1 Flange, Best Flange, ion. Books containing cuts of all [ron made sent | Best Fire Box, Circ} ti on application by mail Sample eS at office. Please address 8 Hudson Street, New York. BORDEN & LOVELL, Commission Merchants 70 & 71 West St., 4 fovelt New York. N. Lovell, Agents for the sale of Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, Bands, Hoops & Rods. AND Borden Mining Company’s Cumberland Coals. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., IRON MERCHANTS Cor. Albany & Washington Sts, NEW YORK CITY. ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF Iron Work Galvanized or Tinned to Order. Price list and quotations sent upon application. JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON, No. 69 Wall St., New York. ULSTER IRON WORKS, 90 Broadway, New York. Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co CARMICHAEL & EMMENS 130, 132 & 134 Cedar St., New York, and Nos, 21, 23, 25 & a7 West Lake St., Chicago, IN DEALERS IN IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE. __Lap Welded Boiler Tubes, &c, &c. t for Otis’ celebrated Cast Steel Boller Plates, -sville " Rolling — oeus 5 Wrought Iron Beam DANIEL W. "RICHARDS & CO., FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC SCRAP IRON, RAILS, STEEL AND METALS, Yards and Office, 88 to 96 Mangin St., NEW YORK. DANIEL Ww. Ru ‘HARDS MoRTON B. Sworn. PASSAIC ROLLING MILL CO., Manufacture and have always in stoek ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Porg- ings, Eye Bars, &c. PATERSON, N. JJ. Room 45, Astor Bouse, New York, CUT NAILS, Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, “ho DOVER IRON CO.'S Bort: EF RIVE Ts, Boiler Brace Jaws, Socket Bolts, &c. FULLER BROTHERS & CO. 1390 Greenwich Street, New York. Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Ions, | 4 ccc suca tere price, Wrought Serap, Cut Nails, Copper, BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER, ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &c. IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, FOR SALE, by all the principal BOILER PLATE HARRISON& GILLOON aA ETA L D E A LE R Ss STEEL PLATES, all descriptions, IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 558, S60, 562 WATER 8T,, & 302, 304, 366 CHERRY B8T., NEW YORK, have on hand, and offer for Scotch and American Pig Machinery Scrap Iro’ Car’ aa ht Iron ; also old Cepper, Composition, Brass, ewter, Zine, &ce. - BURDEN’S ie, the following : HORSE SHOES. “Burden Best” lron’ Boiler Rivets. The Burden Iron Company Troy, N.Y. ———— EGLESTON BROS. & CO., 166 South Street, 267 Front Street, | NEW YORK CITY. BURDEN’S H. B. & S. ULSTER BAR IRON. All sizes and shapes in stock. Also Best Grades of Am. & Eng, Ref’d Iron,Common lron,&c VOUGHT & WILLIAMS, 286 & 288 Greenwich Street, NEW YORK, Dealers. in BAR IRON AND STEEL, Tire, Spring, Toe Calk, MACHINERY AND TOOL STEEL. ALL BRANDS OF HORSE NAILS, Horse Shoes, Rasps and Files, Bellows, Anrile, Vises, Blowers, Tire Benders, Upright Drills. Hammers, Sledges, Crow Bars, Pinchers. B. F. JUDSON, Importer of and Dealer in SCOTOH AND AMERICAN Pig Iron,|—. Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, OLD METALS. sesoumm ses} NEW YORK. 457 233 & $65 South 8t., —|Manhattan Rolling Mill. J. LEONARD, 445 to 451 West St, 177 & 179 Bank St., NEW YORK, HORSE SHOE IRON, Toe Calk Steel, meds, Geet Half Ovals and Flats. DANIEL F. COONE (Late of and successor to Jas. H. ONEY 4 Ce.) SS Washingten &t., N. Y. BOILER PLATES & SHEET IRON, LAP-WELDED BOILER FLUES, Boller’ Rivets, Angle & T Iron, Cut a & To ency for Glasgow Iron Co., Jos. L. Ba’ & Co., pine irom we eks, Lebanon Rolling Malis Chester Pi ube Albany & Rens. Iton & Steel Co.'s seasons Boller Rivets ; Homogeneous Steel, Boiler and lire Box Plat n, Wrought, Cast and ee sels, Axles and Heavy OFFION, No, 143 First Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. In the Large cities throughout Cut Nails and Spikes, Plate and Sheet THE UNITED STATES. lron, all descriptions, IM Water Street, PITTSBURGH, Pa. | SHOENBERGER & CO., "*vx"= Cc. RANE, _ {KEYSTONE ROLLING MILL, Limited. OLD RAILS, SCRAP IRON, STEEL, Manufacturers of PIC IRON, BLOOMS, IRON AND ORE. - Pa. PITTSBURGH, PA. Glengarnock and Carnbroe| Bonnell, Botsford & Co., SCOTCH PIG IRON. | Iron, Nails & Spikes, For spot delivery and for prompt or forward shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore or New Orleans. For sale in lots to suit by JAMES LEE & CO., Sole Agents for the United States, 72 Pine Street, - - NEW YORK. 101 Milk Street, BOSTON, MASS. Pittsburgh, - - YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, MANN & JONES, 4 Hanover St., New York, GENERAL IRON BROKERS And Commission Merchants. W. S. MIDDLETON, Broker in Machinery & Iron Agent for FORSTER’S CRUSHER & PULVERIZER, e best in market. w.s. mipenineete 52 Jehn St.,N. ¥. DESPARD BROTHERS, 60 Wall St., New York. P.O. Box 764. Importers of New and Old Rails, Steel Blooms, SCRAP IRON, &c. JOHN E. SWAN & BROS., Ld., IRON MERCHANTS Glasgow and Middlesbrough, Exporters of all brands of Scotch & English Pig Iron. e. t.1. to America“ ¢ 0. b. British ports, Old Iron Rails, Puddled Bars AND MANUFACTURED IRON. Duty paid or in bond. “Agency of NDS HOGLUND’S SONS & CO., Stockholm, Swedish & Norwa lron of every descri on Stock on Boston, Soe and elphia, 2S orders @ BRIMOLORVIS 2 fiat FP POTTS, Philadelphia Agent, 236 & 236 N. F. W. JESUP & co., Railway Supplies and Equipment. No. 67 Liberty St.. NEW YORK. t,. SA oo \ For Bars, Plates, Sheets & Rods of Double Extra Quality Iron, NONE BUT CHOICEST MATERIAL USED, adban, Agents NASHUA IF IRON AND STEEL CO., ST CANTON BLOOMARY CO., seer ho KGPMORTE HOS Sereno Collinsville, Conn. IRON AND STEEL LOCOMOTIVE ronemes, LEECH BU RG . LRON WwWOoRK Ss. KIRKPATRICK & CO., Manufacturers of all grades of ¢ FINE SHEET IRONS, (Refined Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Tron, ke)” NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. WORKS, Leechburg, Pe. CHARLES HvUBBARD. “Sheridan” & * Leesport” Brands Pig Iron, WHITE IRON (Anthracite & Bessemer) Stock for Making Strong Castings. “CHARCOAL” PIG IRON “MAIDEN CREEK” and “GARRICK” BRANDS. FAVORITE BRANDS OF SCOTCH PIC, IN STOCK AND TO ARRIVE. ___Old Car Wheels, Best Brands. 46 Cliff Street, New York City. JTAME oss, IMPORTER OF AND FURNACE AGENT FOR SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON, MANUFACTURERS’ AGENT OF Bar Iron, Car Wheels, Axles, Rails and Railroad Supplies. WHITAKER IRON COMPANY, OF WHEELING, W. VA., MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET IRON, TANK AND FIRE BED, 36 DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO. JouN J. SPOWERS, President, ALEXANDER BURNS, Manager THE JERSEY CITY GALV ANIZING CO., MANUFACTURERS CALVANIZED MATERIAL OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. GALVANIZING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES, Galvanized Sheet Iron—Best Bloom, Best Refined, Common. Galvanized Round, Square Band and Hoop Iron, &e., &c. All Sizes of Corrugation from 1& to 5 inches. Curragated Sheet Iron a Specialty, Galvanized, Biack and Sainted. Iron Guttnites for the Trade- Estimates furnished on applicatio: WORKS; GREEN AND BAY STREETS JERSEY CITY, N. J, OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE. 98 JOHN STREET NEW YORK. 1S. eet ‘gh, el. Pa. ron ER, N. ¥. holm. ron yh orton 236 N. gy, Pe on, s. IVE. fe ets. » Trade. May 18, 1882, Siemens’ Regenerative GAS FURNACE. RICHMOND & POTTS, 119 8. Fourth St. PHILADELPHIA, PA. The Cambria Iron and Steel Works, Having enjoyed for over TWENTY-FIVE YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality of RAILS, have now an annual capacity of 930,000 Tons of Iron and Steel Rails, Splice Bars, &c. ADDRESS, CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, No. 218 South 4th Street, Philadelphia. HENRY LEVIS & CO., Manufacturers’ Agents For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and Sheet Lron and General Railway Old Rails, Axies, and Wheels’ bought and sold. 234 8. 4th St., Philadelphia. Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. Or LENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Pine St., N. ¥. THE PHCENIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, and built up shapes for Fron Bridges, REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variety of SHAPE IRON made to order. Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty Street. BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymarch St. ALAN WOOD & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanized, Commen, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom PLATE: «& SHE aeTr TRON, No. 519 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, qank aod Boat iron ; fast Stamping, Ferric, Locomotive Headlight and Jacket tron,” SiS oe ioe. Ferrans, Locomotive Headlight and "Jacket Iron. : AB AGGOBJAS. ROWLAND & CO, Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, 920 North Delaware Ave., - PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of the ANVIL BRAND REFINED MERCHANT BAR IRON. Also, the James Rowland & Co, Kensington en cut from their Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel; Skelp Iron a specialty; also Rounds, Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop Sk =~ +¥PENCOYD IRON SNCOYD IRON WORKS ##### ™% | A. & P. ROBERTS & Co., 41 | Manufacturers of Lr CAR AXLES. BAR, ANGLE, TEE AND CHANNEL IRON. Omice, No, 265 8. Fourth St., Philadelphia. Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. QUAKER CITY FACING MILLS, Pier 45 North Delaware Avenue, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Please send for Special Price List of our celebrated Machinery Facings. Mineral Facing, X Facing, Stove Plate Facing, IXL Facing, XX Facing, Lead Facing, Charcoal Facing, Anthracite Facing, Bituminous Facing, Soapstone Facing, Lehigh Facing, Sea Coal Facing. MANUFACTURERS OF FOUNDRY SUPPLIES. Riddles, Shovels, Steel Wire Brushes, Bellows, Screens, Buckets, Bristle Brushes, Mallets, Sand | Wheelbarrows, Rammers. Re teed capacity insures prompt shipment of orders by telegram. J. Ww. PASSON co CO., DEALERS IN MOULDIN G SAN D. ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILL COMPANY, Manufacturers of Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables, General Office, 237 South Third St., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa. ‘JAMES Cc, BOOTH. THOMAS H. GARRETT. ANDREW A, BLAIR, BOOTH, CARRETT & BLAIR, Analytical and Consulting Chemists, 919 and 921 Chant St. (10th St. above Chestnut St.), PHILADELPHIA PA, Established in 1836. Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys of all kinds, A special department for the ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, fit h ratus and appliances for the rapid and accurate analysis of Iron Stee}, Iron i Slane. 7 a Coals, Clays, Fire Sands &c. Agents for sampling ores in New York and Baltimore. Priee lists on application. CHEMICALS AND APPARATUS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ORES, IRON, STEEL, FUEL, FL UXES, FURNACE GASES, &c., Our Specialty. Being direct Importers and Manufacturers we can offer superior inducements, EIMER & AMEND,/ Nos. 205 to 211 Third Avenue. NEW YORK. ) Eighteenth Street Station Elevated R, R. . lilustrated Catalogue Mailed on Application, THE IRON AGH. JUSTICE COX, Jr. CHARLES K, BARNS, JUSTICE COX, JR. & CO., AGENTS FOR CHICKIBS, ST. CHARLES, MONTGOMERY WARWICK, CONEWAGO AND KEYSTONE Foundry & Forge Pig Iron. SHAWNEE ROLLING MILL CO., Limited, Best Quality Muck Bar. CATASAUQUA MFG,