The Iron Age 1881-12-01: Vol 28 Iss 22

The Iron Age A Review of: the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. New York, Thursday, December 1, 1881. — — | “al. XXV. IV: No. 22. Refrigerating Machine. 82°50 a Year, Including Postage. Single Copies, Ten Centds. — | system and which prevent accumulations | the collision of the air molecules after ex-| pounds, A temperature of 53 degrees below | little more than one-third of the railways of | of snow in cylinder ports and passages, | pansion, and coming nearly to rest, and| zero was obtained when the air pressure was | Russia. [t is added that certain lines use ; ? . iipake > ‘he “nol "OF hic as re ane 4 this issue the machinery | which, even if no water is injected into | confirms the thermodynamic theory, that air | 65 pounds, an adjustable cut-off atta hed = English ¢ _ w hic h a even pen trate : to d _ board the steamship | compressors is always formed in large | cannot be cooled by simple expansion unless | the expansion cylinder slide evabling the Moscow, where English enterprise employs on 3 ’ . We illustrate i hese se in September 1879, by the Bell- | quantities by the liquefaction and freezing | external work is performed. | pesanere to be regulated at will. These) it in the manufacture of gas Strathleven } ’ ; shanical Refrigerating Com-|of the aqueous vapor existing im ordinary The largest meat cargo machines afloat at! machines are constructed with et as _ Coleman _— - Glasgow, under the per- | at-nospherie air. the present time are those on board the| large bearing surfaces, and run equally wi A reciprocating horizontal engine, lately J Nile — of the managing part- | Mr. Coleman recently made an experi-| Orient liner Cuzco and the ship Dunedin. | at any sp sed between 30 and 200 revolu ss ee ae aoe heats = oe. 5 sonal super “Coleman and which brought | ment with a Bell Coleman machine, in which | Each of these machines has a pair of air ar : “ mans, m ee — _ — vy vat 1 , he aah ar = a a at, he ; England. | the compressed air was, as usual, cooled by | compressors 21 inches in diameter and 2 feet | their performance has not been exceeded by | esting example of t high spe é : irs of frozen meat to England. oer eren . ; . ; 3all achines he same size, larger machines light machines, It is chiefly remarkable for the first carg) & i i the age f water to somewhere about the | stroke, and both were fitted up by the Bell-| machines of the same size, larger mé s, lig : - itis chiefly ioneer of an important oan on wove bo 6 ( : : : i ' i "AVS 7 ‘ ;—reachine the velocity at which it is driven. It makes It has proved the p i j initial f air bef compres-|Colemau Mechanical Refrigerating Com-| giving alwayslower temperatures—reaching the city re 1. air of air com- | initial temperature of air before comp 1g g ) ns . ae Bae The ee het, wae als 1 nen trade. The machine 7 teokes diameter | sion, ites fo this case was 48°F. This| pany ; as also a very powerful land freezing| to 80 or 100 degress below zero. The from rie is ‘as — Pe Sear but een ee hich the air was com- | cooled and compressed air was expanded in | machine supplied to the government of New | Peninsular and Oriental machinery has been | the piston speed and power developed are and 2-foot stroke, in w } ) : : South Wal i the Sydney public abat- | designed sufficiently large to admit of work- not great, the stroke being short. The 10- ssed by the power obtained from the | the one ease in the usual way, by making it | Sout ales for the Sydney p c . ; ; ir tccced of Guaaia| ead cala an, Gul a Giclee oF ¢ vielen 08 r | . : © . 2 > r or ‘ ) ‘ stes gy or, § ( 2 5.¢ C * a linder A. The great heat generated | work a piston which returned power to the |toirs, this machine having two air com-| ing a portion of a day, g | ) ’ pany, steam cy PACA MUM LL mu err 4 tj i A Wii Cid Me Tbk ti iy he ee il mee a tee ee NA ta iy —— a am fiat 7 . = =r a ee ~ by the dry compression {the air, which would tatly increase the power quired to drive the ma- tine, was in this cese voided by vigorous injec- ton of water during the ‘t of compression, and he tepid compressed air msed to the tower ©, here it was brought into bumate contact with the ' ler spray and reduced ost to the temperature the spray. The com- ‘sed air then passed ithe pipe D to the sys- of drying pipes E E, uch were simply a set tubes placed “in the Ste air current on its from the chamber to the machine, and Xs the compressed air ile the tubes was MAIN ENCINE ROOM BULKHEAD Xe drawing. The compressed air thus Mived of moisture passed by the pipes the expansion cylinder G, where in ‘ibuting to the motive power required “ive the machine it was expanded, and “tes below the initial temperatare, reg- “hg in some portions of the voyage as - 8100 degrees below zero. Fifteen ma- ‘sof exactly the same size as the original ““uleven machine have been constructed, » “Ne total number of machines made * the superintendence of the Bell-Cole- e Mpany is 43, their aggregate cooling a cing equal to freezing 200,000 tons 4 @nnually, and it is reported that ; 8ve run 200 voyages consecutively ‘tt any serious mishap. The Bell-Cole- ~Mpany attributes much of its suc- ‘td immunity from mishaps to the dry- “PSs, which are a peculiarity of their | | MEAT CHAMBER PLAN ON GOARD 5.5, STRATHLEVEN A ey ee Fig. 2. REFRIGERATING MACHINE FOR PRESERVING MEAT CARGOES AND COOLING SHIPS’ PROVISIONS. wed toa lower temperature than that! crank-shaft working the compressor, when | pressors of 23 inches diameter and 3 feet | the full 24 hours. ‘ued by the use of sea water, and con- the temperature of the expanded air regis- | stroke. ‘ently deposited aqueous vapor, which | tered 20 degrees below zero—the density of | ‘Tewoved by automatic traps not shown | the compressed air before expansion being | were made by the Bell-Coleman Company, 2% atmospheres absolute. The machine | was then stopped and the piston block slipped off the expansion cylinder rod, started again, and the air entering the ex- pansion cylinder was throttled so that the was maintained at the same density as be- fore, viz., 24% atmospheres absolute, a little more steam being required so as to make up for the want of power caused by the expan- sion cylinder doing no work. The expand- ing air was allewed to blow through the barrel of the expansion eylinder into the | throat of the exhaust, and at a pomt where its velocity was that of a gentle breeze its temperature was found to be very near that of the temperature after cooling by water and before expansion. No cooliag what- ever had occurred, or if any cooling did oceur it was behind the throttle valve, and compensated for by the heat produced by 800 revolutions, develops only 100 horse- power, with 75 pounds of steam and about 786 feet of piston per minute. This is good work, but cannot be re- garded as extraordinary, for higher speeds with much larger dimensions are reached in railroad work daily. The lubrica tion is effected by a re servoir containing oil, which is conveyed through a small pipe directly to the main bearings. The overflowing oil is taken up by cups bolted on the frame under the bearipgs. The cranks are disks with very large crank pins, and the connecting rods have a peculiar eccentric rod connection. There is no autumatic apparatus A Beil-Coleman machine | about these engines, which are provided with has recently been fitted and set to work on | plain slide valves, and the dynamo-machine The arrangements on board the Dunedin board the Cunard steamer Servia, and it | is connected directly with the engine shaft. which also supplied the boilers. The ma-/| chines will become more extensive as the chimery occupies less than 10 per cent. of | favorable results of their application become the space to be cooled, which latter is esti-| mere generally known. mated to carry 300 tons of meat. New | I machines of smaller dimensions for the cool- | thy redueed in temperature 140 or 150| compressed air behind the throttle valve | ing of ships’ provisions are now working on| Coal in Russia.—The distinguished Rus- cannot be doubted that the use of these ma- | the Peninsular and Oriental steamships! sian geologist, Prof. G. de Helmersen, has | Rome and Carthage, which are the largest | prepared an elaborate report upon the coal- vessels of the fleet ; one of these machines is | fields of Russia, from which it appears that | a dividend of 20 per cent. on the nominal about to be fitted on board the Kaiser-i-Hind | the annual output of coal in the empire, in place of the experimental machine which though larger than it has ever been before, the Boll-Coleman Company tirst tried in| is estimated at only 200,000,000 of puds— Indian waters. These machines have air|the pud being equal to about 36 pounds compressors of 14-inch diameter and 12-inch | The discovery, however, that the mines at stroke, and are connected with meat-storage | Kamenskoe, which were only lately declared chambers of about goo cubic feet capacity, |to be exhausted, are in fact the starting water coolers, vegetable rooms, &c. The | point of a vast region rich in coal veins and machines were carefully tried in the shops | traversed by the Siberian Railway, is ex- before being put on board, and with cooling yomes to produce very important results. water of go degrees gave temperatures of 40 | It is reported that at present Russian coal is degrees below zero, the air pressure being 55 | used only on S000 verats of railway lines, or The Revista Minera (Madrid, September 8) states that the exports of iron ore from Bilbao during the month of May amounted to 235,252 tons, of which 150,212 tons were taken by the United Kingdom. This makes the total exports for the first five months of the present year 1,090,866 tons. The mining company, La Minera Espafiola, has declared value of its shares for 1880. The amount of charcoal used in Lead ville is simply enormous. Over 500,000 bushels are used every month. Grant’s works alone use about 125,000 bushels per month. Three more smelte:s each con- sume nearly 100,000 bushels, aud the other smelters are not far behind. The price of charcoal ranges from 12 to 14 cents per bushel aa ee oe a a * — 2 mn THH IRON AGH. Deceamber 1, 188), ttals. sid Te alias — OTA ___Metata. ___‘etats. | Seite, ete. _ BRASS & COPPER CO ThePiume & Atwood : bn i‘ e9 <P Feelge Betting, i o AEW YORK. Siok 4s Mig. Company, SA pri v. Moen MANUFACTURERS OF 2 eee f MANUFACTURERS OF fy Presi sen ea urer. ee Sn \ j Vice President & Secretary, “y BRASS AND COPPER Waterbury aah (’o, | SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. K Sheets. Bolts, Rods, Wire. &c CAPITAL, - - $400,000. German Silver and Gilding Metal a aoe ‘apital, $1,500,000 ; ’ ‘ ' ’ ' : . : ORCESTFER MM . ! Seamless Brass & Copper| “+ Zo) at Mee Copper Rivets and Burs, I 1 et eae k WIRE DRAWERS. ~. Eerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, BRASS AXD COPPER TUBING, COPPER RIVETS & BURS, BRASS KETTLES, Door Rail, Brass Tags, Tubing. Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms. PURE COPPER WIRE For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Phosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. PERCUSSION CAPS, ANSONIA *& REFINED POWDER FLASSS. ae N NCOT ¢ OT COPPER PPER. __ | Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, Sc. PHELPS, DODGE & CD, smsengssseres Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. IMPORTERS OF Patent Galvanizing, Rolling and Tempering, WANUFACTURERS OF IRON, AND IRON AND STEEL WIRE, Of Every Description. 18 Murray Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Rolling Mill, | Factories, __THOMASTON, Ct. | WATERBURY, Ct. Bridgeport Brass Co,, MANUPACTUBERS OF Sheet and Roll Brass, A SPECIALTY MADE OF GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE, GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WI RE, PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TIES, PATENT STEEL BARB FENCING, Sole Agents for the Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- ing Goods and Wood’s Paper Shot Shells. TIN PLATE, | __% mt ROOFING PLATE, 296 Broadway, New York, — Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, AND PUMP CHAIN. Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, 189 Eddy St., Providence, R. |. ote German Silver Metal and Wire, ine "=a Gea ee j Zine, &c. MANUFACTUBERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK, Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, { LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS. Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and neal Troe shane 3 A ; NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS,” eee 45 Fulton Street, New York. Detroit Copper & Brass Rolling Mills, manufacturing Metal Goods, BRAZIERS’ AND SHEATHING COPPER, MANUFACTORY, WAgeHouse, Ane Calif ia Wi Ww ~ scovi LLM FG co ROLLED, SHEET & PLATERS’ BRASS _Betiernert, Seams iim errs Bia F.¥: | amas, Hom St, tnt thks Sep, is ee Bee eee x. x t. and Treas. ecy BRASS, OEIAAN Of FICKEL SILVER ia HOWARD & MORSE, HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. | “°pper Wire for Electrical 0 wien MANUFACTURERS Copper Rivets and Rurrs, PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. COPPER BOTTOMS FOR TEA KETTLES AND BOILERS, BRASS, COPPER & RON WIRE CLOTH, fanufacturers rs of BUTTONS ; Cor. Larned & Fourth Sts, Detroit, Mich. CLOTH AND METAL. —_- > — ROME IRON WORKS, DEPOTS, FACTORIES, 419 & 421 Broome St., N, Y. Waterbury, yom Manufacturers of 177 Devonshire St., Boston. New Haven, Conn. 183 Lake Stu Chicage, New You Cty. | Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- Wire Cloth, partly unrolled, DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO., -. - German Silver amines of ects, Rods, Tubing or Wire), Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, onnvett & BRASS RIVETS AND BURS. sT. LOUIS, MO., Holmes, Booth & Haydens, ‘i PO a EAVY ROLLED OLoTit TOR MALT KILN FLOORS. 29 & a Rome, New York. DICKERSON & CO. Liners * NEW YORE, " a MATERA, conn. _ Wire Work, Wire Fe ra anki Railing boy A. C. NORTHROP, Ow eden en eee ee Sa Waterbury, Conn., Brass, Copper & German Silver, | TRENTON | RO N COMPANY, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. TRENTON, N. i. J., Manufacturers mi NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS FOR HARDWARE THRADE. ey Square Head Cap pad Trimmings of all w ht Iron and Brass Machine Screws Ret Gerewss Brass and Iron setewy ane ana Jack on ee aed and Brouze rom Sheet iron, Steel or ae oe tes on patened articles, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and promptly given. BRASS & COPPER WIRE, | Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. esta and. STEEL bs AO BRASS & IRON OF ALL GRADES, a JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL, |SRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED: Tron and Steel Wire Rods; WORKS ROEBLI NC’S _, New York Office German Silver Spoons, _ aes a a _,._ | SILVER PLATED FORKS &SPOONS,| =XTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. aunneen : U Ae arehouse, | Kerosene Burners, &c. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; AANA, See! 117 Liberty Street. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. 3 ; Se — Lo i Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths. : THE JOHN A ROEBLING'S SONS GG, | Betta eo ACEO OMRR AT BS REG MANUFACTURERS OF Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tiny) ——— io— —_—_—_—_—______—— WIRE ROPE) Qiivansxo |Lron and Steel] Artimony, Solder é od mess | [RON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE f Iron, Steel and Copper | Telegraph Wire, WIRE p ASS AIC ZING C0 For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &¢ . = Wire, pay abc ‘ NSTANTLY Bure ON HAND. wroteting Purposes ot an! Market Wi i a aac Manufactarers of Address: HAZARD MFG, CO., Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co., Pa. ir — Se a E, ' kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Ship Rigging, Sash Cords, Vineyard Wire. Bridge Wire, Chain Wire Lightning Rods, &c., &c. Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Suspension Bridge Cables. Rivet Wire, &c., «¢. GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. Pure Spelter |Fe_TEN & GUILLEAUME.| —. FOR Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germany. Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes apauvxeworx. /PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, ey Q oO D E (og I Cc K = B A Ss Cc © Mi + ns Also for For Mining and Plow Kopes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables. MANUFACTURERS OF alvanizers & Brass veeennen SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, Sx p ON MANNING & SQUIER, Geu'l Agents, GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE ui oe of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and tn long lengths. Sana Geo. W. Prentiss & Co.. GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, ae For Piain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, —_ ply Green? Oy Staples, &e. Annealed nae Oiled Fenrir e, round and ov. WIRE ROFrPs:E OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. bone a TELEGRAPH CABLES. ff — Contractors to the German and Foreign govergments. The as eee in the braneh on the (0 tinent. Nelegraph Address, CAKLSW EK th, COLOGN HOLYOKE, MASS., ov Sages oe : General Agents for U. 8. and iad, WORCESTER “WIRE CO,,| Saeetemeaens | PERKINS & CHOATE, 25 Nasm S.J are anufacturers 0 right, Coppered, Annea an n u IRON AND STEEL Dice |o Fie "Uectwecnew wine | Ae SOT OO a’ = > i The | The Schoenberg Metal Mig. Co., Manufacturers of and Dealers in SOLDER, TYPE, Stereotype, Electroty pe 2nd Babbitt Metaln, ait f Bl Lead, Suelter cer. Re Hig ees id’ tor O1d Iiays OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. a 8s n Street, irece Avenusea & ot a 919 to 923 N. Main St., ST. LOUIS, MO, Correspondence is* 214 aad 2 WIR For all Purposes. WORCESTER, MASS. & C0., Manufacturers of all kinds of Japanned, Brass & Tin Plated BIRD CAGES. ’ Catajogues furnished to the trade. 254 Pearl St., NEW YORK. LIGHT HOISTI BROWN & BROTHERS, 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Waterbury, Conn. Manufacturers of BRASS, COPPER AND GERMAN SILVER, In Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, Rivets and Burs, Etc. ALSO, Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 Ibs. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANK, SILVEH-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich designs. GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. POPE, COLE & Co. BALTIMORE COPPER: WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER,_ Also Cakes, of unequaled purity and toughness. WROUGHT-IRON BEDSTEADS. Thee t and best Beds inthe market. Adopted ae United States Government. 8 SHAS 109 ron, Steel and Brass Wire Cloth, Wrought Iron Fene ing and Ornamental Iron and Wire Work, manufac tured by E. T. BARNUM’S WIRE WORKS, Detroit, Mich. ~G. Gunther, Manufacturer of Patented Brass, Sliver Plated and Japanned BIRD CAGES. Can be nested for ex- port shipments. 46 Park Place, | NEW YORK. | patterns and unsurpassed in | est Variety in h ton eae New Iilustrated Catalogues and Price | Lists on application. Schenectady Molding Sand Co. i i ALBANY AND SCHENECTADY MOLDING SAND delivered on cars or boats at low rates. All grades guaran All orders will receive prompt atten- Uon . J. G. GREENE, Sec. 2e Wall St,, SCHENECTADY, N. Y. | G. S. Vernge, Pres; J. G. Greene, Sec. and Treas. The Morris Sash Lock Mfg. Co. Manufacturers of The Morris Sash Lock, Pat. Combined Sash Lift & Lock, Pat. Self-Locking Shutter Bar, And specialties &@ Builders’ Hardware. 214 and 216 ELM STREET CINCINNATI, OHIO, U. 8 A | 0. LINDEMANN CARY c& NOEN, Manufacturers of STEEL WIRE for all our | | | CEE LLEA LE LLLELLLLAL EL SAMI IIS ILA SSIS CELL LLLRECELELELLE VISGISILIVIVITITITSTINLAN fy wUL LLL Market Steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. THE LRON AGH. poses and STEEL SPRINGS of every description. Fire Protection in Mills and Factories.” BY ©. J, H. WOODBURY (Coneluded.) SPRINKLERS. For many years the more hazardous por- tions of mills have been defended against fire by parailel lines of perforated pipes, ex tending across the room near the ceiling, and connected with a water supply furnished by pumps, reservoir, or tanks, so that the room may be showered by opening a valve on the outside of the building. The arrange- ment is particularly valuable in rooms diffi- cult of access from the outside, where the smoke is too pungent for human beings, as that of loose cotton. contents are very combustible, or where the | New York, a Boston, - o New Catalogue Just Issued. Sent Free on Application. Also, Wood’s Patent Bolt Threading Machine. Worcester. Mass. 934, 936 and 238 West 29th Street, ° o e . o NEW YORK, system of sprinklers, the quantity must not merely be ample to cause a stream to flow from each orifice, but also with a force to YALE LOCK MFC.CO. Office and Works, STAMFORD, CONN. Salesrooms, 63 Chambers Street, 36 Pearl Street, 607 Market Street, Philadelphia, - 7 G4 Lake Street. Chicago This Advertisement is Ghanged Every Week. GAUTIER STEEL DEPARTMENT) — 4 CAMBRIA IRON CO. | Star f Z PHILIP E. CHAPIN, Gen’! Superintendent. = : j STHE TL... ine WIRE AND SPRINGS. Sample of our Toe Calk Steel, showing one end bent over and flattened down cold; a piece of iron solidly welded to the steel wita the use of sand only, and the other end hammered to an edge, and then hardened sufficiently to cut glass. be made by any blacksmith from our Toe Calk Steel, or seen at WORKS, JOHNSTOWN, PENN. Eastern Warehouse, 81 John St., N. Y.; Phila. Warehouse, 523 Arch Street, MOULDING SAND, Albany Sand a Specialty. FOUNDRY FACINGS, Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. WHITEHEAD BROS. AMERICAN FACING CO. Similar samples can impinge strongly against the ceiling above. In experiments made upon sprinklers at Holyoke, the writer found that in some cases the various frictional elements reduced the head from 150 to 2 feet ‘The efficiency of sprinklers is liable to be impaired by rust and paint obstructing the orifices. When the pipes are being painted, much time and trouble can be saved by placing tacks in each hole, and removing them when the paint is dry. The matter of rust is antici- pated by boring larger holes than necessary, and then driving in a brass bushing. The sprinkler valves should be clearly labeled Notwithstanding the absolute necessity of such apparatus, the use of this system has been open to serious objections. Property is sometimes damaged by water let on the sprinklers by accident or malice ; the orifices in the sprinkler pipes are liable to be ob- structed by paint or rust. The efficiency of the best plauned system of pipe sprinklers is WM. WHITEHEAD, Treas., 617 W. 15th St., New York, FIRE SAND AND CLAYS. | J. A. EMERICK. HOWARD EVANS, J. A. EMERICK & CO. 1056 & 1076 Beach Street, ms PHILADELPHIA, ** MANFRS” FOUNDRY. FACINGS MOLDING SANDS and Foundry Supplies. ig. 11.— Whit limited by the vigilance of the one discover- | ing the fire, and the presence of mind which opens the right valve. Within a few years there has been another type of sprinklers, termed from the method of their operation ‘‘ automatic.”” They each consist of a rose-head for throwing water in an upward direction, with even distribution, over as large an area as practicable. These beads are kept closed by thin metal caps, secured by bismuth solder, which melts at 165° F. For dry rooms and similar places an alloy which fuses at 250 degrees is used. The first fire ever extinguished by means of fusing metal was probably at the Cathedral Building in Boston in 1870, where a fire caused by spontaneous combustion gained considerable headway, and melting a lead water pipe, was extinguished by the water which flowed from the open pipe. The ac- companying diagram (Fig. 10) of a part sec- tion of a mill shows the general arrange ment of automatic sprinkle1s. The water pres- sure remains constantly upon the sprinklers, and, when the heat in any portion of the building exceeds the melting point of the solder, the head is opened and the water flows from the nearest sprinkler. The first “* Abstract of a paper partly read at the New York meeting of the American Society of Meehani- qu Soempers To be shortly published in booed | ert by John Wiley & Son. Established 1810. N. &G, TAYLORCO,, PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in ODD AND REGULAR SIZES TIN AND ROOFING PLATES, | Black and Galvanized Sheet Iron, Metals, Wire, Copper, Stamped Ware, Hegisters, &c. ie WOOD, JENNISON & CO.,— Manufacturers of SHAFTING, PULLEYS AND HANGERS—A Specialty, To furnish an adequate water supply to a} supply is usually from a tank placed in the mill-tower, and this is supplemented by a reserve supply furnished by pump or reser- voir. The lowering of the water in the tank sounds an alarm, by means of an ap- paratus which rings abell or blowsa whistle. In some establishments this alarm is used to blow the whistle at morning, noon and night, by opening a faucet and drawing a little water from the tank, thus serving the double purpose of marking the hours of labor and giving frequent assurance of the condi- tion of the protective apparatus. Of the automatic sprinklers in general nse, the first was invented by H. S. Parme- l-e, of New Haven, Conn., and cor sists of a reaction turbine, covered with a c p soldered near its lowerend. These sprink'ers have been extensively introduced by the Providence Steam and Gas Pipe Company, Some experiments on the discharge of these revolving heads zive : Pressure Discharge 2% pounds 638 cubic feet per minute ro pounds. 1.483 cubic feet per minute 20 pounds ° 127 Cubic feet per minute ! There have been 24 fires in mills put out $$ 6 i} <—T"l == ‘4 Fig. 10.—Arrangement of Automatic Sprinklers in a Manufactory. {by automatic sprinklers, and in no case, where properly supplied by water, have thay proved inadequate to serve their purpose. The Standard and the Hub sprinklers, in vented by Mr. Francis W. Whiting (Fig. 11) of Chelsea, Mass., consists of rosettes with the cap saldered on at an annular flange. The Hub differs slightly in shape, aud quicker action is obtained by a sheet of felt, which serves as a non-conductor between the cap and the head. The Burritt sprinkler, Fig 12, also consists of a rosette with a thim »le soldered in the neck below the head. When the thimble is released by heat, the water causes it to whirl rapidly arounl the inside of the head, dislodging sca'e anl sediment, which would otherwise clog the orifices. These three sprinklers are now manufac tured by the A. Burritt Hardware Company, of Waterbury, Conn. The Bishop, Fig. 13, made by Foskett & Bishop, New Haven, ‘Oonn., is a tube with a cap soldered at the ing Sprinklers. top. When the solder melts, the inne: sleeve rises and distributes the water through the helical slots, shown in the engraving All the previous sprinklers have sealcd heads; the Granger, made by A. M Granger, Boston, consists of a reaction tur bine, from which the water is shut out by a valve packed with vulcanized fiber; the valve is kept closed by a spring, which is released by the melting of the ring of solder against its outer end, permitting the direct force of the water to openthe valve. <All of these sprinklers have been tested by experi mental fires in buildings especially con structed for the purpose. In some experiments made by the insur ance companies these automatic sprinkleis all performed their work efficiently, aud the preference between the various kinds must be decided by questions of mechanical con struction of the several heads and the assur- ance that the contracting parties will put in a pipe service wisely designed to adequate!y couduct the maximum quantity of water which may be required of it, and that the workmanship will be so thorough that thee will be no damage to the property caused by leaking or breaking of the apparatus. Thus far consideration has been limited to tle subject of extinguishiug fires, but in the defense of property agaiust damage by fire i. a a? ? Fe = esd. ~ <i ¥ ; wa. & 2. ae alia ene -— 4 —_— 3° Bes ee ——— = is A. THE 1RO AGE ; | i | xeon. | Xow. | Xrow. / 7 OGDEN & WALLACE, A.B. Warner & Son,|JOHN W. QUINCY & CO., $5, 87,89 & ¥1 Elm St., New York, 98 William Street, New York. iron and Steel Of every description kept in stock, Agents for Park Brother & Co.'s BLACK DIAMOND STEEL. 7 —_ of Cast and Machinery Steel er "PIERSON & CO, Established 1790, IRON MERGHANTS, 28 & 29 West and 52 Washington Sts. BOILER PLATE, Boiler Tubes, Angle, Tee & Girder tren Boller and Tank Rivets. Sole Agents for the celebrated NEW YORK, “Eureka,” = Pennocks, “Wawasset,” Lukens, | viitst Serica been, Wren, Brands of Iron. Alsoal! descriptions of Plate, Sheet, Lead. 1 Pewter. dtne ane. | andGasometer Lron. Special attention to Locomotive | (B. G. CLARKE, Reeeiver,) Wrought Scrap, Cut Nails, Copper, IRON AND METAL DEALERS, | sron. Fire Box Iron a specialty. 24 & 26 Broadway, 77 & 79 New St. | ‘ROME MERCHANT IRON MILLS, NEW YORK CITY, E, N. ¥, shinies of the neat, grade of ‘Bar lron, Bands and Fine Hoops. All Sizes and Shapes kept in Stock. Scrolls, Ovals, Half Ovals, Half Rounds, Hexagon and Horse Shoe lron. Also from Charcoal Pig @ superior ABEEL BROTHERS, quatit of Iron branded J.G. All puddied baljs re Established 176, by ABEEL & BYVANCK, duced’ by am me r. Orders may be sent to the a ” RPENT lron Merchants, ER, our Agent, at 59 Jo 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. ULSTERIRON, A 0 ae a all sizes constantly on hand. Old Rails, Scrap Iron, Crop Ends, 3 Old Car Wheels, &c. | Serces, ‘Now ¥ ‘or " &rouwony PIG P Also, SPIKES. 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. In lots to suit. “Burden Best” lron Boiler Rivets. Channel Iron Bay State Iron Co., Boston, Mass., Boiler Plate and Tank fron. Naylor & Co., Boston, Mass., Homogeneous Steel Plates and Compressed Steel Tire Steel, ote. MARSHALL LEFFERTS & (CO., Our specialty is in Ist and 24 Qualities. ya "CORRUGATED SHEET IRON Plate and Tank Iron, Horse-Shoe Iron, Common Iron, FOX & DRUMMOND, Norway Nall Rods, 68 WALL ST., NEW YORK. Norway Shapes, A ALR. W . WH i T N rE ws 90 Beekman St., New York City, s Manufacturer ot and Dealer in MANUFACTURER AND DEALER. turing I Used in the € iscraction ofire-Proot Buildings, ore os Wire, bce rr L Sepeorenet Carnegie Bros. & Co., Limited, Pittsburgh, Ga «» Wrought Tr ron Beams an For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted. Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common 1,C H No. 1, C H No. 1 Flange, Best Flange Bast atee Fire Box, Circles. afti Plates Rolled to foo Inches. Plans and eutinasten furnished, and contracts made oe — n Structures of ev ery descrip- tion. ee cuts of all [ron made sent Troy, N. Y, Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER, ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &c. HARRISON & GILLOON 558, 560, 562 WATER 8T., and 302, 304, 306 CHERRY BST., ug! Axles and i= - oid car whee Composition, Brass, IRON CO., 2 Cut Nails AND J. 8. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, BURDEN’S HORSE SHOES. — ~—_ -_ Band, Hoop and Scroll Iron, _ Spring and ' and Tire Steel, etc. po LIRLONI] (Galvanized Sheet Iron, dges, Kc. Galvanized Walls, Ga Galvanized Chain, Galvanized Irou SHEET IRON. BOILER IRON ou ‘epplteation by rae. PA leat 8. t office. ease 8 ample Ps Hudson Street, New York. Stamped and Guaranteed. EGLESTON BROS. g CO. All ane of Iron Work Galvanized or Tinned to _ Price li list band. ‘quotations sent upon | application. 166 South Street, 267 Front Street, { NEW YORK CITY. BORDEN & LOVELL, ._ . JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., ’ CommissionMerchants! scores ax assexacax Wy Bs& S. 70 & 7\i West St., pi C j RON, b New York. Wm, Borden uh coca f Agents for the sale of Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, ULSTER IRON WORKS, Bands, Hoops &Rods. | Borden Mining Company’s Cumberland Coals. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., TRON MERCHANTS Cor. Albany & Washington Sts. NEW YORK CITY. M BH. WaLLace ULSTER BAR IRON, All sizes and shapes ip stock. Also Best Grades of No. 69" Wall St., New York. _ 90 Broadway, New York, Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co CARMICHAEL & EMMENS 130, 132 & 134 Cedar St., New York, DEALERS IN IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE. Lap- Welded Boiler Tubes, &c., ¢c. Agent for Otis’ solebrased Cast Steel Lolle r Plates, The Coatesville [ron Pottstown Iron », The Laurel Rolling Mills, he "Union Tube Works ; Wrought wu. BisPHAM. Iron Beams, Angles, Tees, Rivets, &c Two UNCUT ROLLS FOR A “16- INCH MILI, ABOUT 10 TONS 1%-IN. SQUARE BAR IRON. ABOUT 4 TONS 1%-IN. SQUARE PAR LRKON. BALE LION, SCOTCH PIG IRON. shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baitimore or New Orleans. For sale in lots to suit by JAMES LEE & CO., Sole Agents for the United States, 72 2 Pine Street, New York. DESPARD BROTHERS, 6O Wall St., New York. P.O. Box 764. Importers of New and Old Rails, Steel Blooms, SCRAP IRON, &c. Duty paid < or in bond. BE. JU! SON, importer of and Dealer in SCOTCH AND AMERICAN |\Pig Iron, Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, OLD METALS. 457 & 459 Water St. >} NEW YORK. 233 & 235 South 8t, ABOUT 7 TONS 1,-IN. SQUALT:: Also, a small lot of other ~-ic«cs. by DANIEL W. RICHARDS & CO., 92 iain St., PASSAIC ROLLING MILL CO.,, Manufacture and bave always in stock ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forg- ings, Eye Bars, &e. PATERSON, NN... Room | 45, Astor House, New New York, CUT NAILS, Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, “he pin DOVER IRON C0.'8 Ww BOILER RIVETS, , Boiler Brace Jaws, Socket Bolts, &c. nourer “arene IRON, FULLER BROTHERS & CO. Horse sHoe Toe Calk Steel, Rods, Ovals, Half Ovals and Flats. » N.Y. J. LEONARD, 445 to 451 West St., 177 &179 Bank St., 139 Greenwich Street, New York, Am, & Eng. Ref’d lron,Common Iron,&c Glengarnock and Carnbroe For spot delivery and for prompt or forward Manhattan Rolling Mill. December 1, 1881, con. PITTSBURGH. Ron. PITTSBURGH. W. D. WOOD & CO’S SNOW SHOES m ROADSTER , PATTERN. Planished Sheet Iron. Patented March 14th. 1865 ; April 8th, 1878 ; Sept. 9th, 1873; Oot. 6th, 1874; Jan, 11, 1876, Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, and at a much less price. FOR SALE, by all the principal METAL DEALERS In the Large cities throughout THE UNITED STATES. And at their Office, Ii! Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. STEEL TOE CALKS. Extra Quality Homogeneous Steel BOILER PLATE STEEL PLATES, all descriptions. Cut Nails and Spikes, Plate and Sheet Iron, all descriptions, SHOENBERGER & 00., Pisbere, KEYSTONE ROLLING MILL, Limited, Manufacturers of IRON, Pittsburgh, - ———————— Cc. BANE, OLD RAILS, SCRAP IRON, STEEL, PIC IRON, BLOOMS, AND ORE. PITTSBURGH, PA, Bonnell, Botsford & Co. lron, Nails & Spikes, YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. Wu. Rea, Prest. Sam. Bawey. Jr., Secy. FP. B. Lavesuiy, Vice-Prest. W. A. Shaw, Treas. UNION STORAGE CO, RECEIVE ON ——— .— a ceeeteaaapesieneenseeeneee Storage and Issue Warrants MARSHALL IRON CO.., ON e Manufacturers of Best Charcoal Bloom, Best Refined & Commor SHEET IRON. Office and Mills, PIG IRON, BLOOMS, INGOTS, MUCK BAR, RAILS, &c. Correspondence relative to establishment of yarteat at —— solicited. General Office, PITTSBURGH, PA. Newport, Delaware. The Burden ron Company| Sable tron and Nail Works. SS ZUC & CO., Manufacturers of the Celebrated SableNails ‘Office and Works, PITTSBURGH, PA. | LEBCH BURG IR IRON WORKS. KIRKPATRICK & CO., Manufacturers of all grades of FINE SHEET IRONS, (Refined Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, &c.) NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OFFICER, No, 143 First Av., att Pa, DANIEL F. COONE EY, (Late of ~ oe to Jas. se Heldane a Ce.) Washington 5 | -_ N. M. HOGLUND’S SONS & CO., Stockholm BOILER ‘PLATES & SHEET IRON, Se tie psiteteee. iowedisn & Norway lron Boiler Rivets, Angle & T Iron, om Nails & Spikes. lot every fesert Stock on hand at Boston Agency for Glasgow Iron Co., Jos, L. Bailey & Co., | Yo a Pidinde elphia. Importation orders ¢ Pine ae mn Works, Lebanen itolling Mills, "chester special. Pp and Tube Co., pplveny & & Rens. Iron & Steel celebrated Boller Rivets ; ances neous Steel, Boller | GUSTAF LUNDBERG, ;3 Kilby st., Boston and Fire Box |! | palzae? POTTS, Philadelphia Agent, 234 & 236 N. reet. ADAMS & x HORM, ANNE, &. 60 Bi CHARLES HUBBARD, “Sheridan” & “ Leesport” SCOTCH AND ENGLISH IRONS, Brands Pig Iron, Agents for American Charcoal and Anthracite Furnaces, ae ane etree, Mew ores com, | WHITE IRON (Anthracite & Bessemer} Stock for making strong castings. Huau W. ADaMs. DaNIEL L. Cos ‘CHARCOAL PIG IBON,” “Maiden €reek” and ‘' Garrick” brands. ae dias a | Favorite brands of Scotch Pig Iron, RIDGEVIEW COAL AND COKE C@., Latrobe. In stock and to arrive. J. D, BOYLE’S CONNELLSVILLE ine bucks, | OLD CAR WHEELS, BEST BRANDS. HARBISON & WALKER’S F MAGNETIC and HEMATITE IRON ORES a Specialty, 46 Cliff St., New York City. cone Leechburg, Pa Agency of Joseph P. Reed. R, Hope acai |«s JOSEPH P. REED & CO., Iron Brokers and Commission Merchants, 265 8. Fourth St., Philadelphia. December 1, 1881. Rvo. Ron. _ kvow. ~—s PHILADELPHIA. PHILADELPHIA. Edward J. Etting, HENRY LEVIS & C0., ‘Manufacturers’. Agents d Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and oe Sheet Ivon and General Railway ments. Old Rails, Axles, and Wheels bought and sold. 234 8. 4th St., Philadelphia. Siemens’ Regenerative GAS FURNACE. RICHMOND & POTTS, 119 8. Fourth St. PHILADELPHIA; PA. IRON BROKER axnp COMMISSION MERCHANT, 230 S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pig, Bar and Railroad Iron. OLD RAITLA, SGRAP, &c- Agent for the MOUNT SAVAGE FIRE BRICK, The Allentown Iron Co, and The Coleraine Furnaces. STORAGE WHARF AND YARD DELAWARE AVENUE ABOVI; CALLOWHILL STREET, connected by track with railroad. Cash advances made on Iron. J. Wesley Pullman, 407 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Exclusive SALES AGENT Chester Iron Co.'s Blue, Red and Hoft ORES. ___ Also celebrated *¢ Brotherton” Ore, T. HORACE BROWN. D. W. R. READ. D.W.R. READ & CO Importers and dealers in FOREICN & NATIVE BESSEMER ORES. 205% Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA. 142 Pearl St., 57 Gracechurch St., 67 S, Gay St., _NEW YORK, _ __LONDON, a _ BALTIMORE, J. O. RICHARDSON, IRON COMMISSION MERCHANT, No. 232 Dock St., Philadelphia. Pig Iron, Railroad Iron Iron Ores. Sole Agent for the MONOCACY FURNACE CO, DEALER IN MOSELEM, ROCKHILL, WARWICK, And other Favorite Brands, ___SILVER GREY IRON A SPECIALTY, J. W. HOFFMAN & CO., Iron Merchants & Railway Equipments, 208 Seuath Fourth St., Philadelphia, Sole agents Glasgow Iron Co. and Pine Iron W manufacturers of Muck Bar and all gredee of Plate Iron. Celebrated “Glasgow” and ** Pine” brands for fire boxes and difficult flanging. Pig and Bar Iron, Rails and all shapes in Iron. Quotations given on Bridge and Building Specifications. : WROUGHT IRON Boiler Tubes, Steam, Gas and Water Pipe. Oil Well Tubing, Casing and LINE PIPE. Cotton Presses, Forgings, ROLLING MILL AND General Machinery, READING IRON WORKS. 261 S. Fourth St, Philadelphia, G. A. HEBERTON. S. FRANK SHARPLESS. HEBERTON & CO., Selling Agents and Commission Merchants tn a For the sale of + Bloom, Plate, Bar, Scrap, Galvanized, Black, Sheet, Pipe and Kailroad IRON. No. 333 Walnut St., Phila. Charcoal Bloom and Pig a specialty. The Cambria Iron and Steel Works, Having enjoyed for over TWENTY-FIVE YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality of RAILS, have now an annual capacity of 150,000 Tons of Iron and Steel Rails, Splice Bars, &c. ADDRESS, CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, No. 218 South 4th Street, Philadelphia, - Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. Or LENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Pine St., N. ¥. THE PHCENIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. WROUGHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Bolidings, J PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, and built up shapes for Iron Bridges. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variety of SHAPE IRON made to order, Plans and Specifications furnished, Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty Street. BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymarch St. ALAN WOOD é& CO., MANUFACTURERS OF and Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom PLATE cw SHEET IRON. No. 519 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. ici ecially for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, Tank ond Beat noe 3 ast, Stamping, Ferruie, Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Iron. h PENCOYD IRON WORKS. A. & P. ROBERTS & 00.,_71 | JAS. ROWLAND & CO. Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, 920 North Delaware Ave., - - PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of the Anvil Brand Refined Merchant Bar Iron, Also. the James Rowland & Co. Kensington Nails, cut from their Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel, Rounds, Squargs, Flats, Bands and Hoop Iron. Correspondence with Dealers solicited. Manufacturers of CAR ASLES. I LP aN BAR, ANGLE, TEE AND CHANNEL IRON. Office, No, 265 S. Fourth 8t., Philadelphia, Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. SCRAP OF ALL KINDS A SPECIALTY. First Quality Muck Bars. SHIMER & CO., Late of and successors to W. HUTTON & CO., 250 8. Third St., Philadelphia. J. J. MOHR, Iron Commission Merchant, No. 430 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. ; os; 53) Vohvam me ne) See e nerd eae a eee ons) nonce = FOUNDRY STEEL, | THE IRON AGE. Ko. JUSTICE COX, Jr. JUSTICE COX, JR. & CO., AGENTS FOR CHICRIES, ST. CHARLES, MONTGOMERY WARWICK, CONEWAGO AND KEYSTONE Foundry & Forge Pig Lron. SHAWNEE ROLLING MILL CO., Limited, Best Quality Muck Bar. CATASAUQUA MFG, COS | Bar, Angle, Skelp and Sheet Iron. Railroad Car Axles. New and Old Rails. No. 333 Walnut St., Philadelphia. PETER WRIGHT & SONS, 307 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, 19 Broadway, New York, 44 Second Street, Baltimore, Importers of German and English SPIEGELEISEN, Pig, Scrap, NEW AND OLD RAILS, And tron Ore. E.W.CLARK & Co. Bankers and Stock Exchange Brokers, No. 35 South Third St., Philadelphia, CLARK, POST & MARTIN, No. 34 Pine St., New Yark, Bankers and Railway Commission Merchants, Importers of Pig Iron, New and Old Rails, Scrap Iron, &c, STANDARD STEEL WORKS. LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR WHEEL TIRES, Manufactured from the celebrated OTIS STEEL. BRAND ZSTANDARD. & Quality and efficiency fully guaranteed. Prices as low as any of the same quality. We manufacture Heavy and Light Forgings. Driving and Car Axles, Crank Pins, Piston Rods, &c. Works at Lewistown, Pa. Office, 220 S. 4th St., Philadciphia, Pa. ltalian and Spanish — CHARCOAL IRON, CHILL-GRADED, For Car Wheels, &c. FOR SALE BY ALFRED EARNSHAW, 203 Walnut Place, PHILADELPHIA. LANGHORNE WISTER. RODMAN WISTER, L. & R. WISTER, IRON BROKERS. Agents for the Clearfield Fire Brick Co.’s Fire Bricks. No. 230 South 4th St., Philadelphia, Sole Agent forthe Shegdan and Leesport Furnaces. | A. PURVES & SON, Corner South & Peno Streets, Phila., Dealers in Scrap Iron & Metals, Machinery, Tools, | Shafting & Pulleys, Steam Engines, Pumps & Bollers, Copper, Brass, Tin, Babbit Metals, Foundry | | ‘GNVS SONIC INOW Facings. Best Quality Ingot Brass, a Cash paid for all kinds of Metals ana Teols. | FRANCIS WISTER, Sole Eastern Agent for 4. A. HUTCHINSON & BRO. CONNELLSVILLE COKE. | ORES, Native and Foreign. 1 230 South Third Street, Philadelphia. | MANUFACTURERS’ <=; = = = == el <.oSa German Lead, Ameriean Lead, Graphite, Plumbago, Bitumen, Anthracite, Charcoal, Mineral, Sieves, hovels, Brushes, Crucibles, Machinery Sand, Brass Sand, Chandelier Sand, Stove Plate Sand. J. W. PAXSON & CO. Philadelphia, Pa. "ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILL COMPANY. Manufacturers of Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. General Office, 237 South Third St., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa. 216 South 4th St., Philadelphia, Selling ATKINS BRO’S—BEAMS, JAMES C, BOOTH. THOMAS H. GARRETT. ANDREW A, BLAIR, BOOTH, CARRETT & BLAIR, Analytical and Consulting Chemists, 919 and 921 Chant St. (10th St. above Chestnut St.), PHILADELPHIA, PA. Established in 1836. Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys ef all kinds. A special department for the ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, 2 »paratus and appliances for the rapid and accurate analysis of Iron Steel,“Iron — ee eae tree Fue Sands. &c. Agents for sampling ores in New York and Baltimore, Price lists on application. BRAD KEYSTONE HORSE SHOE CO., 816 Richmond St., Phitadelphia, Pa, Manufacturers of the Keystone Patent Solid Steel Calk Horse and Mule Shoes. These Shoes are made of superior iron and steel, completely finished and ready for cold shoeing; nave clip and solid steel calx. The holes are punched through at the proper angles and free from burrs. Same number of Shoes per keg as in kegs of unfinished shoes. J.-F. BAILEY cw Co., 562 Wall St., (Room 8) New York, Agents CHANNELS, RAILS, &c. A. & P. Roberts & Co.—Car Axles, Plates, Channels, Tee, Angle and Bar Iron. WILLIAM McILVAIN & SONS—Boiler, Ship and Bridge Plates. BERWICK R. M. BARS AND SHAPE IRON. Advarces on Consignments of Old Material and sales promptly made. 816 Richmond Street, LEE & C0., Philadelphia. Manufacturers of Special Crane Chain. Steel Chain and the Celebrated **‘D. B. G.” All Chains carefully tested and examined and certificate of proof furnished. Dredging, Mining and Crane Chains, Kafting Chains, - Dog oggles; Bye Botts and Log Dog | CHARLES K, BARNS, n the ounce of prevention outweighs the pound of cure. It is wise foresight to an- ticipate the most probable causes of prevent- able fires. The Boston Manufacturing Mutual Fire Insurance Company have a record of all tha known circumstances connected with each fire on mill property insured by them. As a basis for considering some of these causes, and showing the relative frequency of dif- ferent classes of fires, reference is made to this list of 555 mill fires which have occurred during the 3t years between October 1, 1850, and October 1, 1881, giving the number due to each cause. It is no easy task to determine the origin of fires, because in many instances the fires either destroy all evidence of the cause of their origin, or the witnesses are unwilling to give any information tending to reflect on their judgment and honesty. The following fires were due to the causes named below: 137, foreign substances in picker ; 127, friction ° om Fig. 12.~—The Burritt Sprinkler. 98, spontaneous combustion of oils; 40, matches ; 36, lighting apparatus ; 23, sparks and defective chimneys ; 17, known or sus- pected incendiary ; 13, steam-heating pipes ; 13, spontaneous combustion of dyed cloth or varn ; 11, broken lanterns ; 9, lightning; 6, fireworks ; 4, stoves; 3, pipes and cigars ; 3, window glass, acting as lens, concentrat- ing the rays of the sun ; 2, spontaneous com- bustion of bituminous coal; 2, electricity from belt; 2, electric light ; 2, water induc- ing rapid oxidation of iron turnings, which set fire to sawdust mixed with it. One of these was caused by a freshet ; 2, hot iron, 1, heat from furnace ; 1, wood in contact with the boiler setting ; 1, cutting iron hoop on cotton bale with ax, a spark set the cot- ton on fire ; 1, result of boiler explosion ; 1, a man accidently droppod an open penknife on a small bunch of cotton cardwasts, which burst into flames, After the fire was extin- guished, a quartz pebble, about one-eighth of an inch in diameter, was found on the floor; the steel blade hitting this pebble struck the spark which ignited the cotton. A dear-bought experience has shown iron to be absolutely unfit for fire-proof doors. The heat of a light fire will cause an iron door to sink by its own weight, while the writer has seen double ‘air space" doors, made of thin corrugated iron, shrivel like the withered leaves of autumn, where the fire was insufficient to destroy the paint onthem. The most efficient fire door is constructed of two thicknesses of tongued and grooved inch boards laid diagonally across each other, and nailed with wrought-iron nails driven flush, and clinched on the other side, This door is then covered on sides and edges with sheets of tin locked together like a tin roof. The lintel should be tinned and securely fastened to the masonry. If a swinging door, the hinges should be se- curely bolted on, and not merely fastened with screws. The latch of such a door must be of substantial character, and the catch securely PAAAAA VWWVVW \ Fig. 13.—The Bishop Sprinkler fastened. If a sliding door, cleats should be fastened securely on the floor each side of the doorway, to keep the door in position against any draft tending to swing it when shut. Doors of this construction, although exposed to many severe fires, have never been known to fail. The covering does not receive enough heat to be melted, and by protecting the inclosed wooden door from the air, its combustion is prevented, and an examination of such doors, after an exposure of several hours to the flames, show that the wood has been slowly carbonized, the char- coal extending to a depth of only a fraction of an inch. As an example of the behavior of tinned wooden doors compared to iron doors in resisting the action of fire, the writer takes this detailed statement from his memoran- dum, made after the fire in the print works of the Pacific Mills, February 7, 1878. At the west end of the steaming room, where the fire originated by the spontaneous combus- tion of dyed goods is an 18-inch brick fire- wall, in which are double doors, 2 inches thick, made of wood and tinned on both sides. The flames were in direct contact with one door during an hour, or an hour and a half, in which time the building on fire was destroyed, but no flame entered the other room, and only a portion of the paint on the other door, 15 inches distant, + et ot SBS “ee. he > & re - fs ~— i ee mm 2, -= as = > eo =e — = a THE IRON AGE. December 1, 1881 A. H. McNEAL, /ROANE IRON COMPANY, CHAS. G. LUNDELL, Manufacturers of and Dealers in | Pig and Railroad Iron. CHATTANOOGA, = - TENN. E. HERNSHEIM, e Importer and Commission Merchant, 105 John Street, NEW YORK. NEW AND OLD STEEL AND IRON RAILS, STEEL RAIL BLOOMS, Bessemer and Spiegel Iron, Ferromanganese. Bole Agent for the United States for the CAST — PIPES STEEL AND IRON WIRE RODS (CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON FOR WATER AND GAS. EBC. AND FOR THE ' ROOFING & SIDING, gepeekebineds. HUTTENBERG (AUSTRIA) IRON WORKS, Se erbee ees) Tron n Buildings, Roof, SINGER, NIMIGK & CO., Limited,|CHARCOML PIG IRON FOR CHILLED CAR WH