The Iron Age 1881-10-27: Vol 28 Iss 17

rials. “ Dae Vol. XAXVITT: No. Steam Shears. The accompanying illustration represents a heavy shear built by Messrs. Breuer, Schumacher & Co., of Kalk, near Cologne. As will be seen from the engraving, the ma- chine is intended fcr the heavy work of steel makers and others who need the most powerful machinery of the kind. The gear- ing is placed in the center of a box frame well stiffened, at the sides of which the shears are located. At tlie side or end next the observer the engines are placed, the steam ecvlinders being at the bottom. The crank-shaft is common to both, and carries a very heavy fly-wheel; also the spur wheels by which the large gears are driven. The pillow blocks are carried by brackets on the side of the frame, to the bottom of which the castings forming the guides are bolted. The cranks are not of the disk pat- tern, but carry eccentric disks, which we judge are used to balance the weight of the cranks. The cylinders are 16 inches stroke and 12 inches bore. The bearings are of bronze and are@¥ inches long, thus giving avery good bearing surface. The eccentrics are placed just inside these bearings, and drive the valves through straight connecting rods and valve stems. To accomplish this, it is necessary to make the steam passages very long, and place the valves at some dis- tance from the cylinders. The guides are of a form quite common in American portable engines, both being cast in one piece, and we judge are finished by boring out. We have no details of the motion by which the shears are moved, but from the engraving it would seem to be a cranked arrangement of some kind. The slides are counter- balanced, and one of the weights is shown lying on the ground at the left in front of the machine. Set screws and a gib afford means for taking up wear and keeping the shears at the proper distance. The weight of the double machine is 62,000 pounds. This is reduced to 33,000 pounds when only one cylinder is put on, in which case, how- ever, the machine is of somewhat smaller dimensions, An extra steam cylinder can be put on these lighter machines when desired and their puwex be groatly imowennnd This shear is particularly interesting as illus- trating the tendency of modern tool builders to use independent engines to drive large single machines, instead of carrying power to them by means of shafts and belts. we —————— Faoel Waste in Farrace Fires. At the last meeting of the Engineers’ So- ciety of Western Pennsylvania, Mr. William Metcalf, of Pittsburgh, read the following ee ; or is proposed to show by figures obtained by actual working data how much money is annually thrown away in Allegheny County by throwing money into our furnaces in the shape of coal, to be sent wasted out of the tops of stacks in the shape of dirty, useless smoke, and red and far more expensive flames. The data of old style furnaces are obtained from some of our ablest and most reliable iron manufacturers. The data of the new style furnaces are obtained from personal experience, and from a few iron makers who have tried and who are adopt ing the new style furnaces. By the old style furnace is meant the ordinary reverberatory furnace; and by the new style is meant any good regenerative gas furnace. The data of quantities of iron made are taken from the paper of Wm. P. Shinn, on ‘‘ Statistics of Pittsburgh’s Manufactures,” read before the American Institute of Mining Engineers, in May, 1879. The price of fuel is assumed as the probable average cost of the fuel laid down at the furnace. If the price should be too high or too low in any case, the cor- rection cam easily be made for auy particu- lar mill by parties interested. In stating that 40 bushels of coal are used in puddling a ton of iron, IT am well aware that many iron men say puddling can be done, and is done, with 36 bushels per ton, but on the other hand some of the very best and most experieaced men say that 40 bush- els is nearer the actual figure of the amount used, Again, I have placed the quantity of slack used in a gas furnace at 20 bushels per ton of iron, which is the highest quantity I have ever known to be used, while I do know that 1s bushels is nearer the actual consumption, and there are furnaces now building which, I believe, will produce reg- ularly a ton of muck iron with 10 bushels of slack, For the gas furnaces these figures include the consumption of fuel and wages of gasmakers from Saturday noon until Monday morning, during which time the furnaces are kept hot and are idle. ~ For heating I have used equal quantities of coal for one style and of slack for the other, as given by iron men, although I am satisfied that this is an error in favor ot the reverberatory system; but not hav- ing measured these quantities myself, | take the data of those who have made the comparison by actual measurement. I would call your attention particularly to the enormous differeaces by loss in oxida- tion or heating. We have them for pud- dling, Old style, 40 bushels coal, at 6c....... ececces CGM New style, 20 bushels, At 3C..---+++-++erreere 60 Difference im fuel......-+.seeeeeeeseeceees $1.80 Deduct for GAS MAINE. ses cree eerr rere ores 4p Saving in fuel in puddling ore, per ton, §z.38 he Iron Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. f7; | REHEATING. Saving in fuel per ton Loss by oxidation or scaling—old style, 10 per cent., 224 pounds per ton ; new style, 6 per cent., 134.4 pounds per ton. Saving in iron by scaling, 89.6 pounds, equal, at 214 cents a pound, to $2.24. This gives us: Difference per ton of muck bar.............. $x.38 Difference per ton in fuel for heating........ 33 Difference per ton in fuel for scaling........ $2.2 Total saving in one ton of bariron, once reheated $3.95 Mr. Shinn’s paper gives the quantity of rolled iron produced in Allegheny County in 1878 as 252,083 tons of 2240 pounds. Assuming this, and multiplying by the fig- ures just given, we have: Loss in puddling—252,083 multiplied by $1.38 equals $347,874.54. Loss in heating, in fuel—252,083 multi- | plied by 33 cents equals $83,187.39. Loss in scaling—252,083 multiplied by | $2.29 equals $564,665.92. Total loss, $995,- 85. ig ty maker who was consulted in the | matter estimated that 25 }= eent. of the | iron made is twice heated. Assuming for | this quantity one-third of the above differ- ence in scaling as a probable safe estimate, and all of the difference in fuel, we have: 74.6 loss for scaling, plus 33 cents for fuel, . $1.08 Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office Lhursday, October | : | material that scales away, less only the value of the tap cinder. The workman -—— loses the wages of this amount because it $US CCE 6S dda edb eee enees -54 . -2I would increase neither his hours nor labor | perceptibly if the additional yield were made. And finally, the manufacturer loses the profit of this amount, as its sale and dis- | tribution would not increase his expense account. These figures are erroneous and fairly open to criticism ; yet I know of one instance where a careful record of several | gas furnaces which cost from $10,000 to | $15,000 showed that each furnace paid for itself every year, and in another case where | @ furnace which is not so well arranged | as it ought to be, and which cost less than $6000, showed a daily saving of $56, or about | $15,000 per year, and of another case where | the gas system was only partially in use, where there was a saving in the total annual fuel bills per ton of product of 46 per cent. Several questions wiil naturally occur—as, | What is the wear and tear?) How much fix New York, as Second-Class Matter. a 27, I8SI. 82:50 a rear, Including Postage Single Copies, Ten Cen:n because it is difficult for the river : v mines to! want to be u ; — : dispose of a large part of their e understood as claiming to he, in ere ; : slack, and | the works with which I am connected, in acai . ( ’ ns >nark es ~—e ane a works so much! advance of the rest of the world. We still stronger than slack in the producer that i : , » 1b |} use some of the wasteful ‘} tens ne ae asteful style of furnaces, 1 be used at about the same cost per ton | and a complete emancipation from old ways of yield of furnace. The gas heat is uni- form, continuous and very soft. Iron comes from the furnace thoroughly heated through without being burnt, so that the usual excla mation of the men is: ‘‘ It is soft as butter.” The work done in the gas furnace is, on the whole, much better than that done in a reverberatory furnace, because the heat is more uniform, and it requires the grossest carelessress to burn iron in a gas furnace Besides, the work is so very much easier for the men that they naturally do much better work, because their labor is not so exhaust- ing and they take more interest in is alway 8 difficult to accomplish ; but we are making as rapid a development of the use of regenerative furnaces as we can. One field for the regenerative gas system is still un- ecupied, I refer to the firing of steam boilers. Some Germans have recently shown that by gas firing go per cent. of the fuel will evaporate double the quantity of water in a given boiler. , This simply means that any ex a cern can double its steam pro- , —s Capucity at a very trifling cost, with 10 Increase of plant. A battery of boilers $ now being fitted in this city with regener- This isa point of no little ‘on ae gas fires, and if the results claimed by ‘ _ po ort- | (he Germans are realized, the facts will b : i aa é thy acts will be a: for 4 it is easy to obtain 4 very | laid before the society at an early day. In igh quality of finish at no increasa | the mean time the su aa i of cost, and when men are contented the subject commends itself ' does the new style furnace consume? What aM ead eam troubles of the ‘* bosses” are very light et ' rn) oe <a digi ry ray Se OT Ter re | & WM leis sales nip tt tA e wD STEAM SHEARS FOR STEEL MAKERS is the cost of a gas furnace? Will not slack increase in price? What sort of heat do you get? Is the work as good # As to the wear and tear, I believe it to be much less in a gas furnace than in a reverba- tory furnace. A careful record of our run of a puddling furnace when 552 tons of muck were produced, showed that the total cost of rebuilding, including castings, bricks, fire- clay and all wages, amounted to 32 cents per ton. For heating I have no figures, but I know of one furnace that ran six years, MACHER EUTL account has been taken of the wages ques- |tion, because with the above stupendous figures it is a question not worth considering in this connection ; but it is a fact that men can do from 10 to 20 per cent. more work on |a gas furnace than onareverberatory. They can do it easier and they can do it better; | therefore the new style gives the working- |man a chance to make money, too, without interfering with present lists, and the gas system requires as many hands as the other, if not more, therefore its introduction need equal $1.07.6 as the total loss in this opera- | alternately heatiag iron and steel, bsfore the | cause no opposition. tion, Twenty-five per cent. of 252,083 equals | 63,020 in round numbers; 63,020 plus 1076 | equals $67,809.52. Adding the above total, | $995,727.85, we re total annual price paid in Allegheny County crown gave out, and then only about one- third of it had to be replaced; and during those six years I do not think $50 all told the doors. In puddling strong pig contain- It has been suggested that the publication of this paper, if the statements given are all | correct, might injure Pittsburgh by inducing have $1.063,537.37 a8 the | were spent for little repairs, such as relining | outside manufacturers to adopt the gas sys- litem. The fact is, shrewd manufacturers for the bonfires we keep at the top of our | ing not over 2 per cent. of silicon, about 350 | from parts of the country as widaly sepa- furnace stacks. At first sight it may seem | pounds of fix, wet weight, are used per ton | rated as New England and the Pacific Slope incorrect to assume the loss in scaling at | 2% cents per peund. You will understand, | of course, that there is no way of getting at exact selling prices, and it is probable, when we consider how much iron goes into special forms, that the ‘‘ card” is about the average price. Again, the selling price is proper because the manafactorer loses the | of muck. Gas furnaces, including producers, but not including royalties, can be built for | it extensively, have written back that they | Court further holds that the othe: about the same cost per ton of capacity as| were delighted with it and were pushing! taken by defendants upon demurrer ordinary reverberatory furnaces. Slack might increase in price if all of the mills of | stances it is barely possible that it is worth | dec sion uf the court below dis: | Conypluint, but without leave to defendanta Pitteburgh would use only slack, but it is not likely that much increase wou!d occur, |have visited Pittsburgh repeatedly, have examined this system carefully, have adopted | their changes rapidly. Underthese circum- |@ur while to look to our laurels. No to every One who is interested in economy ind cleanliness. The economical side of the juestion has been shown. The cleanly side is accomplished of necessity; first in the greater cleanliness of the works, and, sec ond, from a reduction of the smoke nuisance for it is well understood by all who know how to work a gas furnace, that a smoky stack is a sure sign of a furnace that is in bad order ; therefore smoke from a gas fur nice is always inexcusable, _After the paper had been read an informal liscussion followed. Mr. Parkins said he ‘ad found the gas system successful for velding cast steel, and Mr. Metcalf, in reply 0 Inquiries, said that the gas could be use rofitably, even at present figures, for heat ng private houses, and there is no danger vhatever from explosions. Mr. Hunt stated hat there was danger of explosions only vhere a gas made from sawdust is used as n Sweden. On motion of Mr. Millar, of he Atlas Works. the subject was continued to the next meeting. tte The Law of Corporations, —=——— In the case of Jaco! , a the case of Jacob Lorillard as appellant, ween cata PCa . decision of importance in reference to the rganization of corporations under the stat- utes of this State. In June, 1874, Jacob willard and the firm of Whiliam P. Clyda x Oo. were competitors in the transp tation isiness by water between New York and Puiladelpbia, each owning vessels engaged ia that business, They then entered into an igreement to consolidate the business of oth under a corporate mapagement accor- ing to the laws of the State, with a capital f $300,000, to be represented by vessels be- onging to each, at a valuation agread to and amounting in the aggregate to $300,090 ach to receive half the amount of the stock ind Clyde & C», to havethe management of he corporation, guaranteeing that Mr. Loril- ird should have dividends amounting to ut least 7 per cent on the amount of bis stock, The plaintiff brought a suit to re sover from the suce:s ors of Clyde & Co. wo years’ divideuds under the agreement. Che defendants demurred to the complaint, slaiming that it did not constitute a cause of iction on three grounds—first, that the igreement was illegal in that only five per- 3008 formed the corporation instea:l of seven, is required by statute; second, in that the igreement provided that the property shall e taken to represent capital at a valuation ixed by the parties; and third, that the stipulation in the contract vesting the management of the corporation in William ?. Clyde & Co, was against public policy ind rendered the contract illegal, becauso it was an attempt to providein advance for the control of the corporate aflairs and withdraw it from the trustees and stock- holders, to whom it properly belonged The complaint was dismissed and the case was carried on appeal to the Court of Appeals, where it was argued by Mr. H: race Barnand on the part ot the plaintiff and Mr. Tunis Bergen on behalf of the de- fendents. The Court in its opinion, written by Judge Andrews and concurred in by his associates, holds on these points respectively that upon the allegation of the complaint that ‘* the corporation was duly organized under the laws of the State, it must be assumed that the corporation was regularly organized ; that it cannot be assumed that the trans action was not bona fide or that the valua tion put on the vessels was fictitious or ex- travagant; that the vaiue of the stock would depend on the value of the property aud business; that the parties fixing the valuation were the only parties in interest, and the Cofrt knows of no principle o/{ public policy which condemns an agreemen between parties about to forma corporation because, by the arrangement, the capital stock is to be represented by property which they severally contribute at a valuation azreed to between themselvos ; that if it ap- peared that the organization of the corpo- ration inthis way wasa device tc defraud the public by putting a valueless stock in the market, bave an apparent basis only, a different question would be presented The ints innot | be sustained, and, therefore, reverses the ssing the | In conclusion, § wish te say that I do not | to answer on paywent of gosts. =: «= THE IRON AGE, October 27, 1881, etal, Actais. live, ere. es - A Re S oO | ; A The Plume & Atwood PHILIP & MOEN, President and Treasurer. CHAS. F. WASHBURN, Vice President & Secretary. BRASS & COPPER CO., WASHBURN a MOEN MANUFACTURING £0. Mfg. Company, Betablished 1831, ve ASS. MANUFACTURERS OF No, 19 OMM St? oet, Phelns Building. NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms. PURE COPPER WIRE For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Phosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. s PERCUSSION CAPS, ANSONIA Yiv REFINED POWDER FLASKS. INCOT 1T COPPER. ___| Metallle Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &c. —— of every Description. PHEL PS, DODGE & CO, And small Brass Wares 0 t every Descripiaty. SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, German Silver and Gilding Metal Copper Rivets and Burs, Kerosene Burners, | Lamp Trimmings, &c.| aie 18 Murray Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Waterbury ‘Brass Co. CAPITAL, - - $400,000. Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, GERMAN SILVER, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, COPPER RIVETS & BURS, BRASS KETTLES, Door Rail, Brass Tag, actorices, Rolling Mill, Fr MANUFACTURERS OF __THOMASTON, Ct. | wargRnunx, 01 IRON and STEEL WIRE, Patent Steel Barb Fencing, Patent Steel Wire Bale Ties. 0 WIRE RODS < a Grades; Round Iron aE uality, 3-16 in, to & In. en hs length. Owners and exc! Bridgeport Brass C ay po ty Gl of th ATE Ni CONTINUO sho it N@ MILL, roducing Iron and Steel WIRE a Cartridge Metal in Shee Sole Agents for the ¥ MANUFACTURERS nus, without saw or WELD ent @ fred Pel h Wire, Market and St ; Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Spo 8, withou alvanized Te e Tap re and Stone Wire wore ing Goods and Wood’s Paper a. tanh Aarlca pce aorpe are laionsiengtr. Comered Ean in fone brag Bat trey iat Bu Shot Shells. Sheet and Roll Brass antral aaa wand Hetned Ware to Paitera for pacticnty porepee tat ole eta un Screw and Ti oy Pp LAT E § OTS: Millie At ’ bof Wire fu a —- ganaeee prignt, J olisne. Coupee’, Pasventecd of Th rival ane furnished, ea York, WATERBURY, Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, | eurtgnt “Bteel Wire for Socinges 2 Needles and Drills” Market Steel Wire kept in stock, alls a em Mucle ROOFING PLATE, | 296 Broadway, New Yor . aot val igs open sock fig te jae. 189 Eddy St., Providence, R. |. Conn. German Silver Metal and Wire WAREHOUSE, 21 Cliff Street, ew York, Chicago Warehouse, 107 Lake S Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, res . Copper and Iron Rivets. ‘‘ NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS,” + cane Detroit Copper & Brass ousrsnscursao, j urs ws rmames Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York. LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, And California Wire Works Co., San F'rancisco, Cal. Clocks & Fly Fan Movements. | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS, =| 47, 1 peheen, Sion. seems. tet tad, dies seek: toek ie Gb eek Ee Teelive, ¥. Y COPPER AND BRASS. CLIFF STREET, NEW YORE. SCOVILL MFC CO BRASS, HINGES, WIRE, GERMAN SILVER. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. — DEPOTS, FACTORIES, . 7 R olling M | lis, Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and ~~" en HOWARD & M BRAZIERS’ AND SHEATHING COPPER, imeene. Wananoum, Bridgeport | 19 ate St., N. ¥. "BRASS Tce “Ek Uk oe ue, SE PUTS Ses = BRASS. GOPPER & IRON WIRE CLOTH GERMAN OR NICKEL SILVER, Copper Wire for Electrical = Gee purposes, tt SO TUT Brass and German Silver Copper Rivets and Burrs, COPPER BOTTOMS FOR TEA KETTLES AND BOILERS, Cor. Larned & Fourth Sts., Detroit, Mich. ‘8-82, ROME IRON WORKS, No. 16 Pattern, Drive 419 & 421 Broome St., MN, Y. jeage me — Manufacturers of 9 5 ew en, in. a 185 Lake St Chee, new York ey. | Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- ay Gates ! er and German Silver , DICKERSON, = te ' co, “ (in Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), oun eee HEAVY ROLLED CLOTH FOR MALT KIEN FLOORS. Importers of Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper,} COPPER & anaes RIVETS Wire, Zinc, Etc. AND BURS. aa & 3) Clif St... cor. Fulton. Rome, New Work. I A. C. NORTHROP, Waterbury, Conn., NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS FOR HARDWARE TRADE. w ht Iron and Brass Machine Screws; Turned, He m, Round and Square Head Cap an Bet Serews; Brass and Iron gate ana Jack Chain; Gilt, Nic el i Plated and Bronze Trimmings o al is. from Sheet Iran, Steel or Brass. mn deates on patented articles, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and promptly given. 9 WORKS e OE B shed Lenten _ New York Office AND Wire Work, Wire Fence, Railing and Guards.» JAMTVS WALL, Treasurer, ABRAM. D EWLET: Peesilent E, HANSON, Secretary. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, (INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, N. J., Manufacturers of IRON and STEEL WIRE OF ALL GRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED: Tron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND. RODS. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths. Row ) Fook Office, COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 17 Barli elphia Office. . WOH N HEW . Agent, oT lore Bont, St. IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &c. OONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND, Address, HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesbarrs, Luzerne Co., Pa. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, | _ Cariswerk, near Cologne, Germany. PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables. SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, = Flusseisen, Swedish and German Charooal Wire. GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE ! of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and in long lengths. GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, oe For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, 4 and 7-ply Strand, Staples, &c. Annealed rae Oiled Fencing mL Wire, round and oval, WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, TELEGRAPH CABLES. Contractors to the German and vereign governments. ape oldest house in the braneh on the Con Sch tinent. Telegraph Address, CAK ERK, goLo GNE. General Agents for U. 8. and Canada, PERKINS > & CHOATE, 23 Nassau St, N.Y, M ae a delive A. IS OR IIY KH Son, Manufacturers of Holmes, Booth & Haydens, new WATERBURY, CONN. i 49 Chambers St. 18 Federal St, Manufacturers of all kinds of Brass, Copper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS, BRASS &COPPER WIRE, Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs, BRASS & IRON JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL, German Silver Spoons, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Kerosene Burners, &c. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., Dealers in aT Warehouse N. J. 1117 Liberty Street, THE. allt sa 00, MANUFACTURERS OF WIRE ROPE| ......... |Iron and Steel Iron, Steel and Copper Telegraph Wire, WIRE Hoisting Purposes of all Market Wire, = Kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Market Wire, Fence Wire Ship Rigging, Sash Cords j i Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, Lightning Roas, &c., &e. ; Vineyard Wire. Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Suspension Bridge Cables. Rivet Wire, &c., &c, GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. BRODERICK & BASCOM, MANUFACTURERS OF, 728 N. Main St,, RCESTER WIRE CO, i sepa, Manufacturers of Coppered, Annealed and Tin ated. AlsoGUN SCREW WIRE IRON AND STEEL Of all sizes straightened and cut to order. W oe E The Schoenberg Metal Mig. Co., facturers of and Dealers in For all Purposes, SOLDER, TYPE, WORCESTER, MASS. TRENTON, Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, 100 John ___ 100 John Street, reet, New York. PASSAIC ZINC CO. Manufacturers of FOR Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK, Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders, MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, 113 } Liberty Street, N. Y. ———— Geo. W. Prentiss & Co., LYOKE, MASS., ~Y UFACTURERS OF am The Storectype, Rlectrotype and oem etn re, om et ties bes Sid Weis is oF ple mai DESCRIPTION. And od at! et a: end fe eo t 919 to 923 N, Main Sto, 18, Mo, Correspondence invited, 216 a October 27, 1881, CARY & MOEN, 0. LINDEMANN STEEL WIRE for ail purposes and STEEL SPRINGS of (0, =z , Manufacturers of all kinds of Japanned, Brass & Tin Plated BIRD a CAGES. AE Catalogues furnished Q)) (©) to the trade. - : every description. } | } / CTRL A ATCA x ee EELE Market Steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and 3 ered, Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. 934, 936 and 238 West 29th Street, NEW YORK LIGHT HOISTING YALE LOCK MFCG.CO. MACHINERY, Office and Works N STAMFORD, CONN. BROWN & BROTHERS, Salesrooms, Waterbury, Conn. 254 Pearl St., NEW YORK. 653 Chambers Street. 36 Pearl Street. 507 Market Street. - G4 Lake Street. New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, ew Catalogue Just Issued. Sent Free on Application, This Advertisement is Changed Every Week. GAUTIER STEEL DEPARTMENT CAMBRIA IRON CoO. PHILIP E. CHAPIN, Gen’l Superintendent. 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Manufacturers of BRASS, COPPER AND GERMAN SILVER, in Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tabing, Rivets and Burs, Etc. ALSO Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 Ibs, pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. Fence Staples, Black or PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANK, Galvanized, : SILVER-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich in 100 Ib. kegs, designs. GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. POPE,COLE & Co. BALTIMORE || COPPER WORKS, Galvanized, in 100 Ib, kegs or 25 lb. boxes, NEW YORK Eastern Office & Warehouse, __) JOHNSTOWN, PENN. PHILADELPHIA OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE, woRK Ss: , No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., a —— INGOT COPPER, MOULDING SAND, ; If RIDDLES AND CASTING BRUSHES Albany Sand a Specialty. aspecialty. Superior goods and reasonable prices. Send for prices. E. T. BARNUM, Detroit, Mich. vem ; = = FOUNDRY FACINGS, Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. WHITEHEAD BROS, AMERICAN FACING CO. SSS WM. WHITEHEAD, Treas., 517 W. 15th St., New York, FIRE SAND AND CLAYS. J. A. EMERICK. Ml HOWARD EVANS, J, A. EMERICK & CO. 1056 & 1076 Beach Street, Be - coo PHILADELPHIA, “%: . eas **MANFRS’ FOUNDRY FACINGS, ; U nt e r And Dealers in and shippers of all descriptions i aanstcture o MOLDING SANDS and Foundry Supplies. Patented Brass, Silver Plated ; and Japanned > BIRD CAGES. Established 1810, Can be nested for ex- port shipments. ms 46 Park Place, NEW YORK. Largest Variety in patterns and unsurpassed in 4 i st) Le Catalogues and Price | PHILADELPHIA, ” Schenectady Molding Sand Co. Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in [ Al ,HENEC aa | MOLDING SAND ODD AND REGULAR SIZES — delivered on cars or boats at low qoeen, AS Grates coat eee” TIN AND ROOFING PLATES G. S. VEEDER, Pres: J. G. Guaewe, Sec, and Treas. 4 The Morris Sash Lock Mfg. Co.,|f misew =m4 Ontramseat ges trom, vats, Wire, Copper, Manufacturers of 5 ] 6 Sash Lock, a oe =, a wm Pet Sombined ath Lint & Lock, WOOD, JENNISON & CO, > ud qecation Buliaers’ Maraware,’| Manufacturers of SHAFTING, PULLEYS AND HANGERS=A Specialty, i. 214 and 218 ELM STREET CINCINRATI, OHIO, U, 8 4 Als, Wood’s Patent Bolt Threading Machine, Worcester, Mass. THE LRON AGE. The Art of Founding in Brass, Copper and Bronze BY EDWARD TUCK. In addition to these pillars, there was the Brazen or Altar, another work probably weighing rut also the Molten Sea, an imm«s lar vessel measuring 17'4 feet in diameter and 83¢ feet deep, and containing 16,000 t 20,c00 gallons of water, supported on Bronze ricantic al » tons; nse semicirceu- pedestal of twelve bronze oxen. We get no idea from the account of the size of these castings, but they must have been of suffi ort the vessel, woul | we igh cient size and strength ti { which, when filled with wat r, probably 100 tons. In addition to these large articles, were a great number of smaller equally good in construction and workman ship, but a full description of these must be left to a further article. Itis apparent that different qualities of bronze were used, for sume of the articles are stated “to be of there ones, bright brass,” evidently different mixtures of the alloy for the differing purposes. It is clear from the vast size of the castings that good mechanical contrivances must have been used to remove, fit up and place them in position. These works were cast ‘ Jordan, in the clay ground,” or, as should be more correctly rendered, ‘‘in the depth of the clay ground between Succoth and Zar- than,” showing them to have been molded in elay. Such large quantities of metal would require to be melted in a series of furnaces in which the metal could be fused at one time, all tapped together and the metal let run into the mold. A series of such fur naces would be constructed in a sort of cir- cle cr square, under one large dome or roof, forming a chimney or tower. It is most probable that such a method in the Plain of was adopted in those days, as we find from Nehemiah iii, t1: ‘* Malchijah, the son of Harim, and Hashub, the son of Pahath-moab, repairing the other piece and the tower of the furnaces.” This would refer to such a structure which, ereeted in the Plain of Jordan for the temple works, may have continued a sort of national foundry up to the time tle Jews were car- ried captive into Babylon. And again, the restoration and consequent rebuilding of the Temple would require the same operations and hence the repairing of the furnaces would be a necessary work. The knowledge of the art of working in metals thus brought into Palestine by the Tyrians at the building of the Temple seems not to have afterward declined, for we find frequent references in Scripture to works of this kind. In 740 B. C. King Ahaz, visiting King Tiglath-pileser at Damascus, saw an altar which pleased him, and sending Urijah, the priest, a drawing of it, one was made for him exactly similar. In 596 B.C. Ne- buchadnezzar, King of Babylon, broke up the bronze pillars, the sea, and the bases of the Temple at Jerusalem, and removed the pieces to Babylon (a work of considerable difficulty), and it follows that probably many of the bronze articles found by Sir H. Lay- ard and others in the ruins of that city may have been made from the bronze of the Temple furniture. A singular confirmation of the idea that the brass and copper of Scripture are bronze is given by Mr. Edwards in the Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, 1850, where he de- scribes certain relics found near Marazion or Marghazin, one of the oldest towns in Cornwall, leading to the conclusion that the Jews had smeiting houses near the shore. The remnants of these smelting pits are still called by tradition Jews’ houses, and the town itself is also called Market Jew, in addition to Marghazin, which means Market Mount; called so, no doubt, by the Jews, as the place where the metals were purchased and sold. Possibly the bronze alloy, the mixture of copper and tin, may have been cast here in ingots and shipped in that form ; but this is conjecture. The bronze of classical antiquity (Greek, yadrks ; Latin, @s) consisted of copper, with an alloy of one or more of the fol lowing metals—tin, lead, silver, zine ; the quantity and character of the alloy chang ing with the changing times or different purposes. Among existing bronzes, copper varies from 67 to 95 parts. The Pheeni- cians who traded withthe Egyptians would also bring the tin alloy to the Greeks and Romans. Homer ca!ls the metal Kassiteros, and this is equivalent to the Arab word Kas- deer, by which tin is known in the East; it is also called Kastira in Sanscrit. We are enabled from the analysis of coins to arrive at some results as to the admixture of the metals. It thus appears from their coins that the Greeks adhered to a mixture of copper and tin till yoo B.C., after which they used lead. Silver is rare in these coins. The Romans used lead in their coins, but gradually reduced the quantity, till, under the Emperors Caligula, Nero, Vespasian and Domitian, they coined pure copper, but afterwards reverted to the mixture of lead This word yaykés originally appears to have been the word for pure copper, and is | writers, 3 Thus the broad shield complete, the artist crowned With his last hand, and poured the ocean round; In living silver seemed the waves to roll, And beat the buckler’s verge and bound the whole. In this description of the casting, Homer uses the word yaAkds, so that we can | scarcely tell whether he means copper pure | 1 . . . : or alloyed. Further, it is more difficult |} when we read of the mythical Dactyles of Ida in Crete, or the ¢ yclops, being ac- | quainted with the melting of yaAkds. It is ; not, however, likely that the later Greek who knew bronze in its real sense, | would have used the word yaAkds without | qualification to cbjects which they had seen, | unless they meant it to be taken as bronze. | Pausanias speaks of an old statue he bad |}seen made of separate pieces of metal fast- |} ened together with nails, and, using the same word, we understand him to mean bronze, as there exist very early figures of bronze thus sph We read also of the process called ‘sphyrelaton,” being to hammer out the plates aud fasten them together with nails. Pausanias also tells that ‘‘the Phoenicians pretended that Ulysses dedicated a statue of bronze to Neptung Hippius,” but adds that ‘*he does not give“credit to the statement, } as the art of fusing the metals and casting |} them in a mold was not then known.” ‘‘In fact, the first who cast statues were Theo- dorus and Rheecus, both natives of Samos.” It has been generally thought that their merit consisted in casting the statues with an inner core, which could afterward be re- moved, leaving the castings light, and, there- fore, less costly. But this is open to ques- tion, as we have before seen from Assyrian bronzes having been found cast with an inner core of a date older than Theodvrus and Rhecus, and there is now in the British Museum an early Etruscan statu- ette from Sissa, on the Volturno, with a core of iron. The Samians were very early noted for their skill in this branch of art, and before the foundation of Cyrene, B. C. 630, they made a bronze vase ornamented with griffins, supported on three colossal figures of bronze, for the Temple of Juno. The art was known at a very remote period in Italy. Among the Etruscans bronze statues were cummon before the foundation of Rome, 750 B. C., and Romu- lus is said to have placed a statue of him- self, crowned by Victory, in a four-horsed car of bronze, in the newcity. Pliny states that ‘‘ King Numa Pompilius, the immedi- ate successor of Romulus, founded a fra- ternity of brass founders and _ bronze workers.”’ By the Romans a compound was used under the name of oncalchum or aun- calchum,” which appears to have _ pos- sessed the composition and properties of brass. A brazen bull is traditionally said to have been contrived by Pericles at Athens for Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigentum, 570 B. C, It had an opening in the side to admit the- victims, avd a tire was kindled underneath to roast them to death. The throat was so contrived as to make the groans of the vic- tims resemble the roaring of a bull. The artist was made the first experiment, and the tyrant for whom it was made was roasted in it 549 B.C. The oldest seat of bronze founding to any extent was the island of Delos, and next to that the island of Atgina. Be- tween these two there existed a rivalry in the times of Myron and Polycletus, of whom the former used the bronze of Delos, the lat- ter that of Algina. More celebrated than either was the bronze of Corinth, about which it is said ‘‘that when Lucius Mummius burnt Corinth, 146 B. C., all the metals in the city melted during the conflagration, and, running together, formed the valuable composition called Corinthian brass. This is exceedingly doubtful, but there may be a spice of truth in it, as long before this period tie Corinthian artists hat obtained great credit for their method of combining copper with gold and silver, Pliny says of it: ‘* It consisted of gold, silver and copper, and was considered more precious than silver, and little less valuable than gold.” There were three kinds of it, varying in color from white to dark yellow. Corinthian brass appears, for the most part, to have been used for the manufacture £ drinking cups and ornamental utensils. The Syriac translation of the Bible says : ‘‘Hiram made the vessels for Solomon’s Temple of Corinthian brass.” Pumps were invented by Ctesibus, of Alexandria, 224 B. C., and were wholly or partially of cast brass or bronze. The most distinguished colos- sal statue of ancient time was the Colos- sus of Rhodes, one of the seven wonders of the world, In the days of its prosperity the capital of the island of Rhodes was adorned with over 3000 statues, but this one exceeded them all. It was erected at the port of Rhodes, in honor of the sun, by Chares of Lindus, a disciple of Lysippus, 290 or 288 B. C., out of the spoils which Deme- trius left behind him when he raised the siege of the city. It is asserted to have spanned the entrance to the harbor of the island, and to have admitted the passage of vessels in full sail between its widespread legs. Its hight was about 105 feet, the time taken for its construction was twelve years, and the cost so employed by Homer, who calls “pusp ; amounted to 300 talents—about £70,000. (red), «iw (glittering), | Pa ee (ene [his stupendous work was thrown down ing), terms which will apply to pure or by an earthquake about 224 B. C., and for or the bright alloys of bronze, such as the nearly nine centuries lay in ruins on the ancient mirrors Were made of lyround. Pliny says It was a wonder to The old Greek poet describes the pro- behold. Few ath mmeiieen dee in almost similar terms_fo those in which it would be poetically de- scribed to-day, showing that the pro- cesses then used and now were as nearly as possible alike, and proves the art of work- ing the various substances to have been well understood at that remote period The passage referred to is in the Iliad of Homer the description of the manu- facture of the shield of A hilles by the g j Vulcan : cess of casting us a Thus having said, the Father of the fl To the black labor of his forge retires Soon as he bade them blow, the Their own mouths: and where the furnace bur Resounding breathed; at once the blast expires And twenty forges catch at ance the fires, Just as the god directs; now loud, now low, They raise a tempest or they gently blow In hissing flames huge silver bars are rolied, Aad stubborn brass, and tin, and solid gold bellows turned |toaker of the t 1} persons c thumbs, and the fingers were longer than the bodies of most statues. Through the fra tures were seen large cavities, into which large stones had been placed to balance it while standing After the fall of the Roman Empire, when the island of Rhodes was conquered by the general-in-chief of the Caliph Othman, he sold the metal lying on the ground, weighing 720,900 pounds, to a Jow, who loaded 980 camels in transport ing it to Alexandria A statue of Zeus, executed at B.C., by Lysippus (the master of Colossus of Rhodes) >ubits high, and though it could be moved by a touch of the hand, yet resisted the force of storms by a support at the point of greatest stress, Tarentum, the WAS 40 On the number of bronze statues in those ancient times often depended the wealth ef = % +4 ae = —— a = or A, THE IRON AGE. ; October 27, 1881, von. EvON. PITTSBURGH. PITTSBURGH. W. D. WOOD & COS Xron. NEW YORK. JOHN W. QUINCY & CO., 98 William Street, New York. Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, Wrought Scrap, Cut Nails, Copper, BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER, ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &c. HARRISON & GILLOON IRON AND METAL DEALERS, Eron, Fro. __N EW i a NEW YORK. OGDEN & WALLACE, ALLAGE, 4B. B. Warner & Son, $5, 87,89 & 91 Elm St., New York. | IRON MERGHANTS, iro n a n d Steel 28 & 29 West and 52 Washinaton dts oper eran ae See BOILER PLATE, Boller Tubes, Angle, Tee & iin fren Boller and Tank Rivets. Agents for Park Brother & Co.'s BLACK DIAMOND STEEL. “BSNOW SHOES Ba on vane s of Cast and Machinery Steel constantly Sole Agents for the celebrated —_——_——-| (6 Eureka,” Pennocks, 558, 560, 562 WATER cone 306 CHERRY 8T., | ROADSTER PIERSOM Ni & CO., “Wawasset,” Lukens, (\% toh and) Aineican fg to fon. Wrovehty Cast and PATENT = TERN, Wrought Iron; also, old Copper, Composition, Braae, Lead. Pewter, Zine. OXFORD IRON CO., Cut Nails SPIKES. Planished Sheet Iron. - Sent. oh, 1873; Oct. oh, Waste see. ~=| STEEL TOE CALKS. Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the Extra Quality H IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, Quality Homogeneous Steel ~“son'sace, BOILER PLATE by all the principal METAL DEALERS) STEEL PLATES, all descriptions, Brands of Iron. Alsoal: descriptions of Plate, Sheet, and Gasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive sron. Fire Box Iron a specialty. ROME MERCHANT, IRON MILLS, Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops. Scrolls, Ovals, mas Overs, Half Reunds somages aa Horse Shoe Iron. so from Charcoal Pig a —s or quay of ron ee J.G. All puddiled ball 8 uced B+ bammer. onters may be sent to the Mill or to J. O. CARPENTER, our Agent, at 59 John Strcet, “New York. 24 & 26 Broadway, 77 & 79 New St., NEW YORK CITY. “PICKS” of all kinds, “ESOPUS” HORSE SHOE IRON, BEAMS, ANCLES, Tees, Channels, Sheets, Plates. All descriptions in stock. ; RO N IN & STEEL. EL. een mae In the Large cities throughout Cut Nails and Spikes, Plate and Sheet “ABEEL BROTHERS, g DRU Miy J. fs ee eee ee THE UNITED STATES. Iron, all descriptions, ' sa Mate 5 int o |_| ew zone. ___|I1 Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA | SUZENBERGER & CO., *¥arsr= ro , Brokers in , BUR DEN’S KEYSTONE ROLLING MILL, Limited, 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. ULSTERIRON assortment of all sizés constantly on hand. efined Iron, Cc. r= AINE, Manufacturers of OLD RAILS, SCRAP IRON, STEEL; XK ERO IN , PIC IRON, BLOOMS, Pittsburgh, - OLD RAILS, SCRAP IRON, HORSE SHOES. ase & PIG IRON AND ORE. Ee ’ PITTSBURGH, PA. Bonnell, Botsford & Co., Band, Hoop and Scroll Iron, Sheet Iron, ilorway Nail Rods, Norway Shapes, Cast, Spring and Tire Steel, etc. A. R. WHITNEY, Manufacturer of and Dealer in TRON Our specialty is in Manufacturing Iron Used in the Con- struction of Fire. os Buildings, 68 Wall St., New York. MARSHALL LEFFERTS & CO., 90 Beekman 8t., New York City, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER, Galvanized Sheet Iron, Ist and 2d Qualities. “Burden Best” lron rere Seceenze| lon, Nails & Spikes, UNION STORAGE CO, younnsnewn, cane. Storage and Issue Warrants MARSHALL IRON CO.., Manufacturers of PIG TRON, BLOOMS, INGOT aSetronieeg wir, eepryen sad Feeen Sirens MUCK BAR, RAILS, Se. | taro Bloom, Best Refined & Commor galvanized Nails, Galvanized Chain, Galvanized Iron Correspondence relative ie celetiitenent of S H E E T i R Oo N. Boiler Rivets. Ss, &e. oe for yards at furnaces solicite ie B &C Limited, Pittsburgh Office and Mills, orn Re. Wrought tron Beams and “CORRUGATED SHEET IRON General Office, PITTSBURGH, PA. Newport, Delaware, Channel Iron, , For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted. a a aaa a re eee Bay State — on, Hpetem, Rinse. » Boiler - l, Best Ref oO Th B d c m an : Naylor & Co., Boston, Mass., Homogeneous sHEET IRON. p ur en ron 0 p y Steel Plates —< d “Compressed Steel - S Plates Rolled to foo Inches. Plate and Tank Iron, N Y bn Plans and estimates furnished, and contracts ,CH 1, C H No, 1 Flange, Best Flange Troy, Ts made for erecting Iron Structures of every descrip- Boot | Fiauge Fire ‘box, Circles. ie tion. Buvks as oe « of all Luu unde sent BOILER IRON ieee ™" application by inGhoe. Please address ‘at o Sample Pe Mudson Street, New York. Stamped and Guaranteed. Neen en eee a All Gesoriptions of Iron Work Galvanized or AND Tinned to or ° BORDEN & LOVELL, Price list and quotations sent upon application. BURDEN’S U C & C oO i aa a ee Z ‘ CommissionMerchants|"** Veen Se H. B. & S. Bar Iron. ; SCOTCH AND AMERICAN also Best Grades of Manufacturers of the Celebrated American & English Refined Iron. PIG IRON, [ime £ English Rein No. 69 Wall St., New york. |EGLESTON BROS, & CO., 367 Front st, | NEW YORK CITY. ULSTER IRON WORKS, |— 22 fom sisi NEW YORK CITY. Glengarnock and Carnbroe Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co SCOTCH PIG IRON. | For spot delivery and for prompt or forward CARMICHAEL & EMMENS shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, 130, 132 & 134 Cedar St., New York, a DEALERS IN Baitimore or New Orleans, IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE,| For sale in lots to suit by 70 & 71 West St., Borders — New York. Mi ‘i Lovell, Agents for the sale of Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, Bands, Hoops & Rods. AND Borden Mining Company’s Cumberland Coals. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., IRON MERCHANTS 90 Broadway, New York. SableNails Cor, Albany & Washington Sts. Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &ic., 6c. JAMES LEE & CO. Office and Works NEW YORK CITY. Agent for Otis’ celebrated Cast Steel Koller Plates, ’ . MH. WALtAoR, We. Bisrnam. | f. setae ae ‘and Union Tube Works Gon TR Sole Agents for the United States, as seinetaiiiamnenammtuiiemacin enews | Tron Beams, AQ agles, Tees, » Rivets, &e. ee 72 Pine Street, New York. B. EF. JUDSON, ee I I a esagneh eae HUGH W. ADAMS & CO., DESPARD BROTHERS, Pl SBURG H, PA. OTCH AND AMERICAN ORTERS OF 60 Wall St., New York. P.O. Box 76 —— so r LEECH BU RG _ TRON WoRKS. SCOTCH AND ENGLISH IRONS, Importers of Agents for American Charcoal and Anthracite Furnaces, New and Old Rails, Steel Blooms, KIRKPATRICK & COoO., Manufacturers of all grades of Pig Iron, Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, 56 Pine Street, New York. SCRAP IRON, &c. Hvou W. ap ' sm ' FINE SHE nn eninenenee ee in Cone. © Duty paid or ta bond. (Refined Cold Rolled, Show Card, aa ro INS, NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OFFICE, No, 143 First Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. WORKS, Leechburg, Pa ne ae Sen ae, a ’ ’ W. S. MIDDLETON, Agency of N. M. HOGLUND’S SONS & CO., Stockholm. Broker in Machinery & Iron Swedish & Norway Iron Agent for FORSTER’S CRUSHER & PULVERIZER Rew Yor description. Stock on hand at Boston k and ar aeie o eae } AS - an hiladelphia. Importation orders @ W.S. MIDDLETON, 52 John St., N. ¥. GUSTAF LUNDBERG, 38 Kilby st., Boston. OLD METALS. eispmarst:t NEW a Fon SALE. TWO UNCUT ROLLS FOR A 16-INC EE MIT. ABOUT 10 TONS 1%-IN. SQUARE BAR IRON. ABOUT 4 TONS 14%-IN. SQUARE BAR IRON. ABOUT 7 TONS 1%-IN. SQUARE BAK IRON. Also, a small lot of other sizes, by 457 233 DANIEL F. COO (Late of and successor to Jas. H. oltune el Con SS Washington ™t. ° BOILER PLATES & SHEET ROR, _DANIEL W. RICHARDS & CO., 92 Mangin St., N. Y. L. AP. “Ww ELUED nent ERK FLUES. | ce a au et 1 t Nail & S$ ik | eS eS PASSAIC ROLLING MILL Co., efi Iron. “weorke, Kase Be 3 n & Steal. Co.'s Manufacture and have always in stock BE sing bay Meneses ROLLED CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON | === —————— | IRON BEAMS, lm, ROOFING & SIDING, | GHARLES HUBBARD, Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forg- =, CH EN EY & SON | ings, Eye Bars, &c. Manlius, N. Y-s PATERSON, N. JJ. Room AS, Astor House, New Yor New York, Small Gray lron Castings. | a= | We warrant our work fer smoothness | Ca U 4 E NAILS Sie Iron Buildings, Roofs, | ** Sheridan ” & Leesport ” Shutters, Doors, Cornices, Skylights, Bridges, do. Brands Pig I ron MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO., : , WHITE IRON (Anthracite & Bessemer) 5 Dey Street, New York. a ——_—_——$=——$_ Stock for making strong castings, and finish. aor *“CHAKCOAL PIG IRON,” Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. WIRE bs. “Maiden Creek” and ** Garrick” oar rowerville Rolling Mill, ett lon FULLER BROTHERS & CO ust a MOSES 10S toner SP wenuiaqiusess’ agents, D CAR WHEELS, BEST BRANDS. HORSE SHOE IRON a JOURN LEONABD, 450 West Btu H, ¥, 189 Greenwich Street, New York. A. C. LESLIE & CO., Montreal, | 46 CUP St., New Kork City. hindi Sait alot aa i ea tiningag ea T FOUNDRY ; MANUFACTURERS’ Rails General JAME A Ana “y w . Sld Baltimo perenne! i ne a cite 3 3 y : ‘ > 4 ¢ October 27, 1881. Xpot. PHILADELPHIA. Rvatt. PHILADELPHIA. | —__—__- Siemens’ Regenerative) HENRY LEVIS & Co., C AS FURN ACE. Manufacturers’ Agents For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and RICHMOND & POTTS, Sheet Lron and General Railway 119 8. Fourth St.. PHILADELPHIA, PA. | Equipments. Old Rails, Axles, and Wheels bought and sold. 234 8. 4th St., Philadelphia. The Cambria tron and Steel Works, Having epjoyed for over TWENTY-FIVE YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality of RAIIS, have now an annual capacity of 150,000 Tons of Iron and Steel Rails, Splice Bars, &c. ADDRESS, CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, No. 218 South 4th Street, Philadelphia. Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. Or LENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Pine St., N. ¥. THE PHCENIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of I