The Iron Age 1881-08-18: Vol 28 Iss 7

‘The Iron Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. Vol. XXVIII: No. 7. A Fifty-Ton Derrick. | rammed down, As it is liberated by the angen action of heat, the carbonic acid goes A well designed derrick has been built | through the bath of pig, and produces the recently by Messrs. Claparede & Oo. for the | following reactions : arsenals of the French Navy, where it is} 1. The carbonic acid is reduced in con- used to lift cannons and other heavy articles | tact with the various elements of the pig weighing as high as 50 tons. The material and the oxide. used for its construction is almost exclusive-| 2. The gaseous eurrent produced by the ly steel, so that its total weight does not ex-| carbonic acid, which goes through the bath, ceed 5 tons, and it can be readily transported. | stirs the latter, making it bubble up and A glance at our illustration, for which we | violently renewing its surface, so that the are indebted to the Revue Industrielle, will| general oxidation is rapid. show its main features. Besides the two 3. The carbonic oxide proceeding from elevations and partial sections given, there | the reduction of the carbonic acid ignites on is a section through O, Pon the left, through | issuing from the bath, and adds appreciably G, H, I, F on tho right, and through K, L, | to the heat to the furnace. M, N in the center. Below the latteris a} 4. The liberation of the carbonic acid section through the drum S. All thedimen-| gradually destroys the cohesion of the lining, sions given are in metric units, but to give| and its elements rise into the mass of the an idea of its size we may state that the| bath of pig. The peroxides of iron and derrick is about 18 feet high. It will be| manganese of the ore also become a source ieee cnehnineeniiltatciaaenciiniiaclin teas +e eee ee ee eee eee ener eemeeen lining is composed, whatever may be their nature, must not be absolutely infusible in the temperatures which may be obtained in the furnace ; it is necessary, in fact, to be able to sinter the liuing. These materials should, therefore, contain about 8 per cent. of silica and almost as much of oxide of iron completely mixed together. In the case of | linings of alumina or chromium, soda or | silioate of soda may be advantageously em- | ployed as a means of binding together. We may remark that, asin the process the hearth, whatever may be its composition, only fur- nishes an insignificant portion of the bases necessary for the saturation of phosphoric acid of the pig, its durability is very great. If, indeed, this hearth is made of bauxite, it escapes the action of the phosphoric acid and silica of the pig, and may last an almost indefinite time. In this case the calcareous matter and the oxide of the lining are al New York, Thursday, August 18, 1881. ! | It was well understood in the outstart that | |it would be too weak for steel, circumstances |remaining the same. Therefore, before | commencing to roll steel, the other trains in | the mill were stopped, although the heating furnaces were kept going, so that the boilers | attached to them made steam of 71 pounds| pressure. The engine wasrun up to aspeed of 79 revolutions per minute before the | ingot entered the rolls, and an indicator dia- | | gram was taken. The ingot was then rolled, | ‘and after it had left the last groove the engine was only making 60 revolutions. Another diagram was taken. ‘The steel passed through the rolls while the engine had made 145 revolutions. It was therefore found possible to put through steel by! using a higher pressure of steam and a higher initial speed, but it would not do for current | |manufacture, because the speed had been so ‘much decreased that a second billet, if put P SS BSS WEEP Zs wy Me. as oo ltd LM ab ba A & FIFTY-TON DERRICK FOR THE FRENCH NAVY ARSENALS. noted that there are two windlasses, and | of oxygen before forming protoxides, which, | most the only elements for the saturation of that the chains run over three blocks in the | with the lime and the magnesia of the caloa- top. reous matter, seizes upon the phosphoric — | acid and the silica, as these two bodies form | the phosphoric acid and silica. —— rrr On the Consumption of Power for §2'50 a Year, Including Postage Single Copies, Zen Cents. —$————= the piston speed for iron be called s’ ; that for steol, s; p the average pressure on tha piston for iron, and P for steel ; w the avers age velocity of the circumference of the rolls of an iron train and W for steel, the follow< ing formtla will be obtained : w PxXs Ay =Prxs. In tho special case examined by Herr Braune, the parts of the engine and the shaft of the fly-wheel permitted an increase in the diamoter of the cylinder of the engine to 39.37 inches, which, together with an in- crease of the pressure of steam by 7 pounds and a diameter of the rolls to 27.56 inches, would make it possible to roll steel. The power of the engine will be 730 indicated horse-power, so that, taking into account an increase in the speed of the rolls in the pro- portion of 14 to 11, the power will be from in at ouce, would probably have stuck fast] 2.8 to 3 greater for steel than foriron. The after a few passes. It would be necessary, | engine will have a 39.37-inch cylinder ex- therefore, to add the number of roller turns| pand at one-half of the stroke and work which it would take, with the same expan-| with a ressure of 72 pounds per square a eR eee OE MESES I —— = ws me ah Be Le TE a» = =e SE orc oS The Garnier Dephosphorizing Process. , | The process of M. Jules Garnier rests on the Heaton principle—that is to say, the phosphorus of the pig is eliminated when it is refined under oxidizing agents and in con- tact with basic reagents. ‘he following is the method of operations as described in the Colliery Guardian : A reverberatory furnace | for the manufacture of steel is provided | with a movable hearth, which is made | of basic materials, such as lime, cal-| cined dolomite, beauxite, &c. But at each at the expense of the phosphorus and the silicon of the bath. The generation of carbonic acid being terminated, it suffices to maintain the bath} At a recent meeting of the Pfalz-Saar- at a high temperature. All the elements of | brucken section of the Ver. Deutscher In- the lining rise in a molten condition to the | genieure, Herr F, Braune gave the results surface in the form of silico-phosphate. | of some experiments made to ascertain the | These impure scori# can be separated | power required to roll certain bars of steel directly before the final addition of the | of maximum size and length, as compared | manganese, or the metal may be poured into a receiver in which the manganese has already been placed. In an addition made | rolls, having an average diameter of 21.66 Rolling Iron and Steel. tem. If it is desired to dephosphorize | der and 35.43-inch stroke, and worked with sion and the same pressure of steam, until | inch. err Braune states that his experi- the engine had again recovered its regular{ence has taught him that the dimensions speed of go revolutions. For this 40 revolu-{used for many steel-mill engines are too tions were required. Two sets of diagrams) large, and that the reason why sometimes were taken during the rolling. The product | these large engines fail to do their duty is of the distance travelled by the piston, s, | that their valve gear is deficient. He speaks taken from the time the billet entered the | highly of a new rail-mill engine with Corliss rolls until the engine bad recovered its | gear, built for Krupp by Vau der Kerkhove, ma 1 i ordinary speed, and the average pressure, of Ghent. It has a 36-inch cylinder, 5-foot with iron rods of the same dimensions. The! p, on the piston surface, as obtained from stroke, and marks 75 revolutions per min- train consisted of two sets of three-high the diagrams and the diameter of the engine | ute. The fly-wheel weighs 50 tons, its diame y I 4 , : cylinder, would yield the power required for eter being 24.5 feet. It is non-condensi to his patent M. Garnier completes his sys-| inches. The engine had a 35.43-inch cylin- | aio the rod. It would be, therefore : 8 34 ing, and, working at a pressure of 64 pounds and 2 X 185 = 1002.5 feet. eXpanding one-half, develops 800 herse- operation for steel or cast iron there is| directly on a basic hearth, the latter should placed on the hearth a lining which consists; be of lime or magnesia, seeing that the of a first covering of very dry calcareous} phosphoric acid is always eliminated in com- matter, pure or dolomitic. Above this bed | bination with these bases. . of calearvous matter, but without that being| As for each operation a lining is made indispensable, is placed a thinner bed of rich | in which calcareous matter predominates, iron ore, manganiferous and calcareous, | the hearth proper may be made of but It is then charged in the usual manner with | slightly basic refractory matter. At the pigand phosphoric scrap and heated. The pig | same time, there is the advantage of — eaters into fusion, while the calcareous mat- | substances which do not fuse like lime an ter of the lining is gradually heated. It is; magnesia, and which only very slowly cor- finished by giving up its carbonic acid, which | rode under the action of the silica and phos- ought not to happen till after the fusion of | phoric acid of the bath. There is, therefore, the pig, and it is especially to obtain this} used for the hearth calcined bauxite, neces- end that the calcareous matter is well in the furnaces with movable hearths, rammed, and that it is covered with a layer cub as the Pernot furnaces, An a ge ef oxide of iron of varying thickness, |point is that the materials of which the 80 revolutions ordinarily. The usual pres- . sure was 57 pounds in the steam pipe, but | the valve gear was not in particularly good condition., The fly-wheel was 26 feet in lu p = 27778 pounds. 8 X p = 30,325,900 foot pounds, It should be remarked, however, that the power. Re ce Estimates of the MinneSota wheat erop, made after careful investigation, give an diameter and it weighed 38 tons. When| steel billets were not quite hot enough for average yield per acre of 13.84 bushels iron was being rolled the engine moved with | satisfactory rolling ; that the first roughing | against 13.30 bushels in 1880, an expansion of five-eighths at ordinary | grooves, though well adapted for iron, were The total wheat crop of 1880 was 39,371,799 and the steam pressure, the expansion being regu-| not favorable to steel, which can stand a total estimated yield of 1881 is 40,8<6,68 lated by hand. A pile of iron was rolled in| greater pressure. The determination of the|an excess of 1 484,886 over she. ame one heat in 130 passes, the engine develop-| number of revolutions required until the/ year. At this rate there will be no lack for ing 260 indicated horse-power. After the | engine recovered was inaccurate, and the | export, bar had gone through the finishing pass the| steel was rolled too slowly. But if it is engine was running at usual speed, so that | considered that it is never well to take the | a new pile could at once be rolled. The en- gine was therefore sufficient, under ordinary The Coppée coke oven for the utilization power for a train of rolls too low, these ex- | of slack is gaining in favor in England. Tho periments, incomplete as they were, may | Dowlais Company have erected 72 ovens circumstances, for current manufacture of | nevertheless serve as a basis for the estima- | during the year, and the Rhymney Company iron bars, tion of the power of the engine for steel, 1f' are also building a plant, A lll, lt ae = —- ow ee ee ee wees - see = : fh le > Se — —. =— << aw RSS ee = li — = ~~ > eS cee uc ~*& ote as ~- ‘ ee cere thine == a et an 6. “” nam 2 THH IRON AGH. fActals. | . / _ AAetals. ee ANSONIA ThePlume & Atwood BRASS & COPPER CO., | Mfg. Company, No. 19 Cl@ Str cet, NEW YORK. MANUVACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c, Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms, PURE COPPER WIRE For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Phosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. ANSONIA * REFINED INCOT COPPER. PHELPS, DODGE & CO. IMPORTERS OF Pbe)lps Building, MANUFACTURERS OF Warerbary tees to, | SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, CAPITAL, - - $409,000. | German Silver and Gilding Metal Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Sras Copper Rivets and Burs, CERMAN SILVER, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wires Eerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c. BRASS AND COPPER TUBING COPPER RIVETS & BURS, BRASS KETTLES, Door Rail, Brass Tags, PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASSS, Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &e. And small Brass Wares of every Description. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. Sole Agents for the Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- ing Goods and Wood’s Paper Shot Shells. 18 Murray Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Rolling Mill, Factories, THOMASTON, Ct.| WATERBURY, Ct. Bridgeport Brass Co.,, MANUFACTURERS OF Sheet and Roll Brass, TIN PLATE, | nxrors: or 296 dway, New York, ’ : . ROOFING PLATE, [195 Fay st Providence Rl. Conn, | Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, German Silver Metal and Wire Detroit Copper & Brass! Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORE LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, Rolling Mills, s Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zine, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements. | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS, CLIFF STREET, NEW YORE. BRAZIERS’ AND SH EATHING COPPE R, Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and manufacturing Metal Goods. MANUFACTORY, WAREHOUSE, SCOVILL MFG CO ROLLED, SHEET & PLATERS BRASS BRASS, Copper Wire for Electrical and other purposes, Brass and German Silver Wire, HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. Copper Rivets and Burrs, _— BUTTONS, COPPER BOTTOMS FOR TEA KETTLES AND BOILERS, CLOTH AND METAL. —_—_>——_ _Bridgeport, Conn. 19 Murray St., N. ¥. THOS. W. FITCH, Prest. and Troms A. A. LASAR, Secy. Cor. Larned & Fourth ‘ Sts., Detroit, » Mich, THE NEW HAVEN COPPER C0., DEPOTS, FACTORIES, ei ohn 7. 255 Pearl Street, New York. 183 Lake St. Chicago. New York City, Manufacturers of and Dealers in | a, es DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO.,/Braziers’ & Sheathing Importers of ST. LOUIS, MO., COPPER. Kettle Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, Rivets, _ Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, &ec. JOHN STARR, Hardware & Metal Broker, MANUFACTURERS’ AGEAT, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Representing in the Dominion of Canada several American Manufacturers, is ready to accept further Agencies. Satisfactory references. Holmes, Booth & Haydens, WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORK. BOSTON, 49 Chambers St. 18 Federal St, Manufacturers of all kinds of Brass, Copper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. BRASS & COPPER WIRE, Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. BRASS & IRON JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL, German Silver Spoons, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Kerosene Burners, &c. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, Wire, Zinc, Etc. 20 & 31 OHM St., cor. Fulton, DICKERSON & NEW YORE. ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- per and German Silver (in Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), COPPER & BRASS RIVETS AND BURS. Rome, New York. A. C. NORTHROP, Waterbury, Conn., NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS FOR HARDWARE TRADE. Wrought Iron and, Brass Machine Screws; Turned on, Round and Square Head Cap and Agents for Bet Sere rews; Brass and Iron Safety ana Jack Chain; Git’ Nickel Plated and Bronze Trimmings of al] Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., Dealers in from Sheet Iron, Steel or Brass. timates on patented articles, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and promptly given. Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, ? WORKS R Oo E LINC no's New York Office ___100 John Street, New York. TRENTON, Warehouse PASSAIC LING C0. Manufacturers of THE JOHN A. | ROEBLINGS § "SONS C0, WIRE ROPE) .......... [Iron and Steel lron, Steel 2 and Copper Telegraph Wire, WIRE Hoisting his of all Market Wire, we Kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Market Wire, Fence Wire Ship Rigging, Sash Cords i j Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, Lightning Rods, &c., &e. r Vineyard Wire. Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Suspension Bridge Cables. Rivet Wire, &e., &c. GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. BRODERICK & BASCOM, MANUFACTURERS OF -728 N. Main St. @ Pure Spelter FOR Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK, Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, 113 Liberty Street, N. Y. Geo. W. Prentiss & Co.. HOLYOKE, MASS., MANUFACTURERS OF Bright, Coppered, Annealed and Tin Plated, Also GUN SCREW WIRE Of all sizes straightened ¢ and cut to order. The Schoenberg Metal Mfg. Co., Manufacturers of and Dealers in | SOLDER, TYPE, Stereotype, citeeiiens and Babbitt Metals, Antimon Im weere of . Spe. e and all kinas of Drogs. 30 Rs Rast Street, between i ttness _ « “3. New Block Tin, Refi RiTs9 ¢ r. &c. Highest, price e pala for Old cpele 4 2 August 18, 1881, carte? ere. PHILIP L MOEN, President a 4 Treasurer. AS. F. WASHBURN, Vice President & Secretary WASHBURN & MOEN MANUEACTURING CO, Established 1831. Se oe a MANUFACTURERS OF IRON and STEEL. WIRE, Patent Steel Barb Fencing, Patent Steel Wire Bale Ties WIRE RODS of all G tin Round Iron, Rivet lit oe to i In., cut to sive Operators of the PA ‘oO ant d Btoel wine “= iD colls of 100 pounds, without ae T CoN — oUs ROLL NG Mt mE ern i ie ee a x bee al re. Wire v1. ¢ manufac ‘Ca hing. Heddles, ' Tinned Broom Wire and Tinned-piated Wire of all si . ecialty is ands i Clock, M ao Spring Wire, and Refined Wire to Pattern for particular > perpeces, from selected iekinert 1 eee remand grade of Annealed, Bright, Polished, Coppered, Galvanized or Tin Plated Wire furnished, Unri rivaled Steel Music y Wi furnished, , Straigntened and Cut to any inh Steel © cline Wire, Patent Linen finish. ir Market Steel Wire kept in stock, alls Wire. Steel Wire for Springs, Needles and Drills. r St. Louis Warehouse, 802 7 North pe St. WAREHOUSE, 21 Cliff Street, New York, Chicago Warehouse, 107 Lehe's **NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS,” Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York. And California Wire Works Co., San Francisco, Cal. Manufactory, Nos, 1197, 1199, 1201, 1203, 1205, 1207, 1209 and x211 De Kalb Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y HOWARD & MORSE, BRASS, COPPER & IRON WIRE CLOTH, usive Manufacturers of No. 16 Pattern, Drive Way Gates. Wire Cloth, partly unrolled. HEAVY ROLLED CLOTH FOR MALT KIIN FLOORS, Wire Work, Wire Fence, Railing and ‘Guards. ABRAM 8. HEWITT, President. JAMES HALL, Treasurer. WM. HEWITT, Vice President. E. HANSON, Secretary. RENTON IRON COMPANY, (INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, N. J.. Manufacturers of [RON and STEELWIRE OF ALL GRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED; Tron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths, New York Office, COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 17 Burling Slip. Philadelphia Office, JOHN HEWITT, Agent, 21 North Fourth St. IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &c. CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND. Address, HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesharrs, Luzerne Co., Pa. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germany. PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables. SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, Flusseisen, Swedish and German Charcoal Wire. GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and in long lengths. GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, 4.and 7-1 , ire, round and oval. WIRE: FOFPsE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, TELEGRAPH CABLES. Contractors to the German and Foreign oes senmoents, The cies bento in the braneh on the Con tinent. Velegraph Address, CAKLSWERK, COLOGN General eae for U. 8. and Ben PERKINS ét CHOATE, 23 Nassau St, N.Y. A. LESCHEN c& Son, Manufacturers of OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 919 to 023 N. Matin St., ST. LOUIS, MO. Correspondence invited. ply Strand, Staples, &c. Annealed and Oiled Fencing hon @e Ws - ig : A a August 18, 1881. & C0., Manufacturers of all Wi AY ii PA Tin Plated BIRD CAGES. to the trade. 254 Pearl St., NEW YORK. BROWN & BROTHERS, 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Waterbury, Conn. Manufacturers of BRASS, COPPER AND GERMAN SILVER, In Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, Rivets and Burs, Etc. ALSO, Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 Ibs. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANK, SILVEK-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich cesigns. GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. POPE,COLE & Co BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, No, 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Also Cakes, of unequaled purity and toughness. IRON ROOF CRESTING, WEATHER VANES, Tower Ornaments, &s. Also, Wrought Iron Fence, For Residences, Court Houses, Cemetery | ; Lots, &c. IRON SHUTTERS, WINDOW GUARDS, Balcony Railing, &c. Parties wanting work in this line will be furnished illustrated catalogue and price list upon application. Manufactured by E.T. Barnum’s Iron and Wire Works, Detroit, Mich. ~G. Gunther, Manufacturer of Patented Brass, Silver Plated and Japanned BIRD CAGES. Can be nested for ex- port shipments. 46 Park Place, NEW YORK. Largest variety in patterns and unsurpassed in low — a New Illustrated Catalogues and Price Lists on application. Schenectady Molding Sand Co. ALBANY AND SCHENECTADY MOLDING SAND delivered on cars or boats at low rates. All grades guaranteed. All orders will receive prompt atten- tion, Address, J. G. GREENE, Sec., 22 Wall St., ScuenecTADY, N. Y. G. S. Veeper, Pres; J. G. Greenz, Sec. and Treas. The Morris Sash Lock Mfg. Co. Manufacturers of The Morris Sash Lock, Pat. Combined Sash Lift & Lock, Pat. Self-Locking Shutter Bar, And specialties in Builders’ Hardware. 214 and 216 ELM STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO, U. 3. A ‘ kinds of } Nd me, Japanned, Brass & | ; Catalogues furnished | STAMERORD, CONN. Salesrooms, u 53 Chambers Street, New York, ee 0 Also, Wood’s Patent Bolt Threading Machine. Worcester. Mass. THE LRON AGE. 8B SSS Comparisons Between Different Types and there is evidence at hand that there is CARWDW & MOEN, 0 LINDEMANN Manufacturers of of Engines.* | room for some remodeling to be done in the ' STEEL WIRE for ali purreses and STEEL SPRINGS of 7 — ! P the hic! | ieee S a ie ceiaieisah: enemies he development of the higher grades of Z 3 8 A. ‘ expansion has resulted in a great increase a $ S , ea oo in certain loss s that were not very serious 5 : ? S lu this paper it is prop sod to draw a} with the lower grades; and we are thus = 3S; S>; comparison between siugle cylinder engines | admonished that the theory of gain by ex- = 33 s S ; and different types of compound engines, for | pansion will not be complete, and hence not Kt 2s the most part bj theoretical methods, and | fully successful, unless we can in some man- = $3 SS with reference mainly to the important] ner discover the entire sequence of facts in | = S SS a B ‘ the case, _ thereby shape our efforts to es. eo ~ correspond, 3 S : SS S sae The different branches of steam engineer = RS S SS ing deal with different demands. | B S . > SS In mill practice, by the use of one or more J S 2 | independent cylinders, and by a high rate | Ff v) 5 SS | of rotation, the distribution of energy | \ throughout the stroke, even with the very \ high xrade of expansion herein indicated, \ might be satisfactorily effected; but the | extreme variation of cylinder temperature | presents a serious obstacle to economical Market Stee! Wire, Crinocline Ware, tempered and covered, Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. 934, 936 and 238 West 29th Sireet, - - - - 7 NEW YORE, YALE LOCK MFCG.Co. Office and Works, operation. The extent to which it pays to carry expansion is a question depending largely upon the work to be done, and upon the restrictions surrounding the case in 36 Pearl Street, Boston, S07 Market Street, Philadelphia. G4 Lake Street, Chica O. | Fig. 1. This Advertisement is Changed Kvery Week. GAUTIER STEEL DEPARTMENT OF THE CAMBRIA IRON CO. features of cylinder temperature and the| hand. The practical gain exhibited by these distribution of pressure on the piston. It is | high grades of expansion, above the results not the purpose herein to state any definite|of moderate practice, are comparatively conclusions, but rather to invite discussion on | limited when the moderate expansions are the subject with the view of obtaining ex-' performed under conditions peculiarly adapt- x ed to secure the benefits of all possible as _A advantages. For example, it is quite pos- PHILIP E. CHAPIN, Gen’l Superintendent. A sible to develop a duty of go million foot \ pounds from a single cylinder condensing engine, 18 x 36, with an expansion of 5 Bricut wirE. Steel. of all kinds. Carriace sprincS § Anneaceo wirE . : . Rairoap sprincS Coprered wirE. | Po Wire rooS GALVANIZED wiRE | a = Fincer sarS d “‘TInneD wir st SEE ops pdparcighincsoherchecidoneslicsomvbiheeinthmantentnmecmnaett Rake TEETH Wire Fence stapPcteS ' Y : Fig, 2. g Q y 5 5 ; i 7 . eas i . EASTERN OFFICE PHILADELPHIA OFFICE | prossions calculated to indicate to what volumes. Many engineers would feel quite AND WAREHOUSE : AND WAREHOUSE: extent the adaptations of the means to the! proud of a pumping engina capable of reli- 81 John St., New York City. WORKS: 505 Commerce Street ends have been studied in applying either) ably performing go millions duty, massive type of engine. though it might be in proportion to the Those theories which are confirmed by | 18 x 36, perhaps developing no more power experience, and which are derived from the/| than the latter, and even though its first JOHNSTOWN, PENN. appearance of phenomena, form the basis | cost might be much more per horse power, M i ee ' . ee O Albany Sand a Specialt <= | y p y: M H Fig. 3 for the explanation of facts. When we fail; With marine screw engines, where some to explain an observed fact through theories| certain diameter and pitch of wheel is heretofore held we must remodel our ideas. | desired, and a certain number of revolutions When phenomena come under our notice| demanded to obtain the best results, the which we could confidently expect accord-| absenee of a rate of rotation sufficiently ing to our view of things, our theories are | high to effect a proper distribution of energy established and our confidence in them is | at high grades of expansion, together with R the moderate variation of temperature in each cylinder, leads to compounding. In attempting high grades of expansion in the cylinders of pumping engines, the difficulties are vastly enhanced by the un- yielding, inelastic qualities of the fluid upon which the energy is exerted. The Cornish FOUNDRY FACINGS, Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. WHITEHEAD BROS. WE, WHTONNAS, Hen AMERICAN FACING CO. Pept New York, —_—_—_—_—_—_— Ne FIRE SAND AND CLAYS. J. A. EMERICK. HOWARD EVANS. J. A. EMERICK & CO. i 1056 & 1076 Beach Street, | wes, PHILADELPHIA, 22>. ** MANFRS’ FOUNDRY FACINGS, > And Dealers in and shippers of all descriptions Yj > l . VA, MOLDING SANDS and Foundry Supplies. A gore hee p Established 1810, om, ig. 4 strengthened, because they are supported by | evgine is peculiarly adapted to meet the diffi- experience. If, on the other hand, an oc-| culties of unequal pressure throughout the currence takes place which to our way of | stroke, inasmuch as the great variation in thinking was impossible and unlooked for, | energy is expended in lifting the massive we must overhaul our theory in order that | pump rods during the suction stroke of the the fact which we have observed and which pump. This engine is also peculiarly adapted N. &G, TAYLOR CO,, PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in ODD AND REGULAR SIZES TIN AND ROOFING PLATES, Black and Galvanized Sheet Iron, Metals, Wire, Copper, Stamped Ware, Registers, &c. we cannot deny shall agree with our so-called | to the removal of water from deep mines, the ‘*laws of nature.” purpose for which it was originally designed ane This system of remodeling and completing The attempt to adapt it to city water =reXOnM iiTroeweTeowei nasa our logical chain of ideas in the department | works pumping has, to be brief, been a very WOOD, JENNISON & CO., Manufacturers of SHAFTING, PULLEYS AND HANGERS—A Specialty, of steam engineering hae been most marked ; | costly experiment, not only in its own fail- ure, but in the shortcomings of the numer ° Altoona meeting of the ’ > : paar mane Se Alcon: Engineers, Aug. j ous modifications of itself, w hich owe their So~z9, 1887, being to the desire to obviate the apparent a | t = ee 4 wae 2 A oe 6 ee eS EEE) BA Kl - — wee ee SS at oS = TG. SU cee ee ooo - 7 Wh i “Uh i el i } at "ote « a IF a wean «. fs — (oe see rere oe | THERE IRON AGH, August 18, 1881, _-—-—— — j > xrON. | Xr on, xron, Xron. EvON. N LW ® ORK. NEW YORK. NEW YORK. PITTSBURGH. 7 PITTSBURGH. : RS fl teense RS 3 OGDEN & WALLACE,|A. B. Warner & Son,|JOHN W. QUINCY & CO., 98 William Street, New York. 8$5,87,89 & ¥1 Elm St,, New York. Iron and Steel IRON MERGHANTS, Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, ee sue re ee 28 & 29 West and 52 Washington Sts. Wrought Scrap, Cut Nails, Copper, ents ah “ar cn sai BOILER PLATE — = — — ——! = 2 ; ; ae - Boller Tubes, Angle, Tee & cine fren, HARRISON & GILLOON BLACK DIAMOND STEEL. = oe A ; . oller an an vets. All sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel constantly Sole Agents for the celebrated IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 558, 560, 562 WATER ST., and 302, $04, 306 CHERRY ST., —. “Kureka,” §Pennocks, saw foe 6“ Wawasset,” Lukens, have on hand, and offer for onto, tne following: Scotch and American Pig Iron, Wrought, Cast and oe Scrap Iron. Car. Whee 8, Axles and Heavy Brands of Iron. Alsoal: descriptions of Plate, Sheet, and Gasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive /W. D. WOOD & CO’ SNOW SHOES Fea ©% ROADSTER [ee — PIERSON & CO, Established 1790, 24 & 26 Broadway, 77 & 79 New St, NEW YORK CITY, Ulster Iron. All Sizes and Shapes kept in Stock, ABEEL BROTHERS, Established 1765 by ABEEL & BYVANCK, Iron Merchants, 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. ULSTERIRON A full assortment of all sizés constantly on hand, Refined Iron, Horse-Shoe Iron, Common Iron, Band, Hoop and Scroll Iron, Sheet Iron, ilorway Nail Rods, Norway Shapes, Cast, Spring and_Tire Steel, etc. PATTERN, PATENT Planished Sheet Iron. S Patented March 1tgh. 1865 ; April 8th, 1873 ; STEEL TOE CALKS. Sept. 9th, 1878; Uct. 6th, 1874; Jan. 11, 1876. Guaranteed full limnall th ' Vea eee tmes on alt respecte tot! Extra Quality Homogeneous Steel IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON “ron sare, BOILER PLATE by all the principal METAL DEALERS) 8TEEL PLATES, all descriptions. In the Large cities throughout Cut Nails and Spikes, Plate and Sheet THE UNITED STATES. Iron, all descriptions, And at their Office, Pittsburgh, I11 Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. a A ©. Eanes, _|MIUAMS, LONG & MCDOWELL OLD RAILS, SCRAP IRON, STEEL, IRON 9 PIC IRON, BLOOMS, Pittsburgh, ~ - - Pa. AND ORE. ails PITTsBURGH, PA. Bonnell, Botsford & Co., . . Ww. Rea, Prest. Sami. BAILEY, Jr., Secy. lron Nails & S ikes W. A. Suaw, Treas. j a F. B. Lavenuin, Vice-Prest. UNION STORAGE CO, eebnniene, atten, Storage and peoue Warrants PORT ORAM MANUFACTURING CO. Manufacturers of rig, TRON, BLOOMS. EGOS Scrap & Pig Iron Blooms Correspondence relative to establishment of yards at furnaces solicited. From Selected Stock, Hammered under Steam Hammer. General Office, PITTSBURGH, PA. Port Oram, Morris County, New Jersey. ht Iron; —, old Copper, Composition, Brass, lron. Fire Box Iron a specialty. Lead. Pewter, Zine, JME MERCHANT IRON MILLS, 0., ROME MERCHANT IRON wius,| AF ORD ORO (B. G. CL4RKE, Receiver,) Manufacturers of the best grade of i Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops Gout Nails SPIKES. Horse Shoe Iron. Also from Charcoal Pig @ superior e J. S. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, BS of Iron branded J.G. All pudd uced o hammer. Orders may be sent to the elt 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. to J. ARS. BRT ER, our Agent, at 59 John HORSE SHOES. “Burden Best” lron Several Choice Lots No. | SGRAP IRON, In Yard, New York, FOR SALE BY ¥OX & DRUMMOND, 68 Wall Street, NEW YORK, MARSHALL LEFFERTS & (€0., —~ . nna 90 Beekman St., New York City, A. R. W HITN E Y; MANUFACTURER AND DEALER, LRON] (Galvanized Sheet tron, Our specialty is in Ist and 2d Qualities. Mptruction of;tire- Used in the Con-/|_ Galvanized Wire, Tolegeaeh a and Fence ; Galvanized ron ] of Fire-Proof Buildings Hoop and Band alvanized Rod and Bar Iron, recion dges, &c. ” Gav aivanized Nails, Galvanised Chain, Galvanized Iron CORRUGATED SHEET IRON For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted. Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common SHEET IRON. Plate and Tank Iron, Boiler Rivets. The Burden ron Company! Sable fron and Nail Works. — for Bros, & Co., Limited, Peer +» Wrought Tron Beams and Channel Iron, Bay State Iron Co., Boston, Mass., Boiler Plate and Tank Tron. Naylor & Co., Boston, Mass., Homogeneous Steel Plates and ———eeneee Steel Cavacgte ha Plates Rolled to ° foo Inches. ‘Troy N, Y 1 d estimates furnished, and contracts|_ CNo.1,C H No. 1, C H No. 1 Flange, Best Flange ’ ‘ made for erecting Tron Structures of eve ev ‘ery ry Conertp- Best Flange F ire Box x, Circles. — 5 Boc m ents af a rer t i on application by mall” ct — BOILER IRON UL i S i Ee << Sam eces Cc . Rs Hudson Street, New York. Stamped and Guaranteed. rit | descriptions of Iron Work Galvanized or AND nned to order. aA? BORDEN & LOVELL, Price list and quotations sent upon application. SUR s Z U Cc ay C © ‘¢ iain haiepaeaeanianintieapanaiehiaidineacamuigaedaceednatien = 4 - os M h t JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., H. B. & = Bar lron. Commission erc an S SCOTCH AND AMERICAN Also Best Grades of Manufacturers of the Celebrated American & English Refined Iron. All sizes and shapes in stock. EGLESTON BROS, & CO., 267 Front st, ¢ NEW YORK CITY, WESTER IRON WORKS |_267 front st:s NEW YORK CITY, ULSTER IRON WORKS, Glengarnock and Carnbroe SCOTCH PIG IRON, Tuckerman, Mulligan &Co ———___ —_—___—__________ | For spot delivery and for prompt or forward CARMICHAEL & EMMENS shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, 70 & 71 West St., Oh tovelt New York. Agents for the sale of Fall River lron Co.’s Nails, Bands, Hoops & Rods. AND PIC IRON, No. 69 Wall St., New York. 90 Broadway, New York. Borden Mining Company’s Cumberland Coals. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., SableNails IRON MERCHANTS 180, 188 & 556 Gotar Bie, New York. | Baitimore or New Orleans, IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE,| 2 sale in'ots to suit by Cor, Albany & Washington Sts., Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &c., &c, JAMES LEE & CO., Office and Works, WEW FORE Crs. ret ee et oe 2. The Sole Agents for the United States M. H. WALLacr. W. BrisPHaM. faurgl Rolling Mills, and Unio = Wrought tf 72 = g en York . ————EEE SS ron Beams. ngies, Tees. vets. 2 ne tree . ew Tor % > - JUDSON a eaten ct, ree eee ceerenesaitineneednseaantnnaniened aoemaiea ne agement ee B. F. JU ° HUGH W. ADAMS & CO, |BATES & DESPARD, PITTSBURGH, PA. LEECHBURG If IRON WORKS. KIRKPATRICK & CO., Manufacturers of all grades of FINE SHEHT IRONS, Importer of and Dealer in SCOTCH AND AMERICAN RPRPig Iron, IMPORTERS OF 117 Pearl St., New York, P. O. Box 764, SCOTCH A RON RAll I A ERs It am, STEEL — —y oe Mon cite Furnaces, BARS, STEEL AND PIG IRON, Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, 56 Pine Street, New York, SCRAP IRON an OLD RAILS c. £, and L t Hvucu Ww. ADAMS. D Cc. an ° ' — — eee eee aes (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, &c.) NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OF FIOE, No, 143 First Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. WORKS, Leechburg, Pa, OLD METALS. DANIEL W. RICHARDS & CO., 457 & 459 South Stay) NEW YORK. FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC "_paNias. F. conzx... SCRAP IRON, STEEL, RAILS AND METALS, (Late of and Successor to Jas. H. Hotdane & Ce.) W. 8. MIDDLETON, | MARSHALL IRON CO.. Broker in Machinery & Iron Manufacturers Best Charcoal Bloom, Best Refined & Common SS Washington St., N. ¥. Yards = Office, 88 to . Mangin St., NEW YORK. Agent f BOILER PLATES and, SHEET, I IRON, ~axie_W. Ric — Monzox B. Sura. | FORSTER'S CRUSHER & PULVERIZER, SHEET IRON. vets, A le & T iro ny Cut Nas & Spies. The best in market. Oe ae an - Iron Works, A Si! SAIt Cc R ROLL L LING WV NG MILI L L co, W. 8, MIDDLETON, 62 Johu St., N, ¥, | Olce and Mils, a ta ae Agency for Pottsto vn Iron Co. § gos x ~'~ oluing Mil, ine . Ww Ones, eared Aron Manufacture and have always in sto priate ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forg- SWEDISH i R Oo N. ings, Eye Bars, &ce. J. F. FULLARTON, PATERSON, N. J. Bennett Building, NEW YORK, = Room 45, A Astor stor House, New ¥ New York, — senting L, & » SAAT & CO. and the UDDEHOLM CO., Sw eden. Cc CJ" WNW A TLS" BES SEMER seq Pls MENS LAR i= aA Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. Agency of s. A. LISSBERGER, N. M. HOGLUND’S SONS & CO., Stockholm. "vore,| SWEdish & Norway lron so9, 511 and s19 to s29 East 19th St., New York, have on hand, and offer for sale, the followi ing: Scotch and American Pi Iron, W rought, Cast and Machinery Scrap Iron, Car W heels, Axles and Heavy Wroug & Sven also, old Copper, Composi- | @USTAP LUNDBERG, ;8 Kilby st., Boston. tion, Brass, Lead, Pewter, Zinc, & pik want POTTS, Philadelphia Agent, 234 & 236 N. on treet. WIRE RODS. CORRUGATED AND GRIMPED TRON BUYERS OF ROOFING & SIDING, — of every descri tic and Boston New York and hhedelphin aS orders @ apecialty. at iD ™M ATER rowervile ae Mill, ENGLISH IRON AND STEEL RODS SRS GRi ep tx,stginn,, mer Manusactu! are invi o communicate with the undersigned, ly Skylights ridge ° FF U L. L E R B R O T H E RS & C O., ee agents. a : = | MOSELEY IRON caer tani sie on co HORSE SHOE IRON JOHN LEONARD, 450 West At.. N. ¥ A. C. LESLIE & CO., Montreal. | 5 Dey Strest, Now Fork, Oo 139 Greenwich Street, New York, * 4 + August 18, 1881, RV Ow. Siemens’ Regenerative GAS FURNACE. RICHMOND & POTTS, | 119 8. Fourth St.. PHILADELPHIA, PA. | THH IRON AGE. Kron. PHILADELPHIA. HENRY LEVIS & CO., Manufacturers’ Agents For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and Sheet Iron and General Railway Equipments. Old Rails, Axles, and Wheels bought and sold. 234 8. 4th St., Philadelphia. The Cambria Iron and Steel Works. Having enjoyed for over TWENTY-FIVE YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality of RAILS, have now an annual capacity of 150,000 Tons of Iron and Steel Rails, Splice Bars, &c. ADDRESS, CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, No. 218 South 4th Street, Philadelphia. Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. Or LENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Pine St., N. ¥. THE PHCENIX IRON 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, and built up shapes for Iron Bridges. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variety of SHAPE IRON made to order, Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty Street. BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymarch St. ALAN WOOD & CoO., MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom PLATE ce SHEHT IRON. No. 519 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. Orders solicited es ay for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, Tank and Boat Iron ; Past, ih Refined Anvil stock. Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop Iron. Correspondence with Dealers solicited. tamping, Ferruie, Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Iron, JAS. ROWLAND & 60, Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, 920 North Delaware Ave., - - PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of the Anvil Brand Refined Merchant Bar Iron. Also, the James Rowland & Co, Kensington Nails, cut from their Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel, Rounds, PENCOYD IRON WORKS. Manufacturers of A. & P. ROBERTS & oo.,_,% CAR ASELES. BAR, ANGLE, TEE AND CHANNEL IRON. Office, No. 265 S$. Fourth 8t., Philade!) phia. Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. MANUFACTURERS OF FOUNDRY FACINCS. AND FOUNDRY SUPPLIES. —__ a MOULDING SAND A SPECIALTY. Albany, Crescent, Tullytown and Lumberton Sands. GERMAN LEAD, BITUMEN, AMERICAN LEAD, ANTHRACITE, PLUMBAGO, CHARCOAL, STOVE PLATE, MINERAL, J. W. PAXSON & CO SIEVES, MACHINERY SAND, SHOVELS, BEASS SAND, BRUSHES, CHANDELIER SAND, CRUCIBLES, STOVE PLATE SAND, Office and Storeroom: f "y (514, 516 and 518 Beach St., PHILADELPHIA, PA, ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILL COMPANY, Manufacturers of Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. General Office, 237 South Third St., Philadelphia. JAMES C. BOOTH. THOMAS H. GARRETT. Works at Allentown, Pa. ANDREW A. BLAIR. BOOTH, CARRETT & BLAIR, Analytical and Consulting Chemists, 919 and 921 Chant St. (10th St. above Chestnut St.), PHILADELPHIA, PA, Established in 1836. Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Ailoys of all kinds. A special department for the ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, fitted with all the apparatus and appliances for the rapid and accurate analysis of Iron Steel, Iron Ores, Slags, Limestones. Coals, Clays, Fure Sands, &c. Baltimore, Price lists on application. Agents for sampling ores in New York and CO. Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, dward J. Etting, TRON BROKER anp COMMISSION MERCHANT, 230 S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa, Pig, Bar and Railroad Iron. OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &o- Agent for the MOUNT SAVAGE FIRE BRICK, The Allentown Iron Co, and The Coleraine Furnaces. STORAGE WHARF AND YARD DELAWARE AVENUE ABOVE CALLOWHILL STREET, connected by track with railroad. Cash advances made on Tron. . se aeaioe J. Wesley Pullman, 407 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Exclusive SALES AGENT Chester Iron Co.’s Blue, Red and Hof ORES. Also celebrated ** Brotherton» Ore, poanacaiaciawacose T. HORACE BROWN, D. Ws. READ. D. W. R. READ & CO., Dealers and Commission Merchants in ORES, METALS, &c, Native and Foreign Iron, Manganese, and other Ores. 205% Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA. Office in New York, 142 Pearl 8t. Office in Baltimore, 67 8. Gay St. Office in London, 57 Gracechurch St. J. O. RICHARDSON, IRON COMMISSION MERCHANT, 0. 232 Dock St., Philadelphia. Pig Iron, Railroad Iron [ron Ores. Sole Agent for the MONOCACY FURNACE CO, DEALER IN MOSELEM, ROCKHILL, WA RWICK, And other Favorite Brands. ___SILVER GREY IRON A SPECIALTY. J. W. HOFFMAN & CO., lron Merchants & Railway Equipments, 208 South Fourth St., Philadelphia, Sole agents Glasgow Iron Co. and Pine Iron Works manufacturers of Muck Bar and all grades of Plate Jron. Celebrated “Glasgow” and * Pine’ brands for fire boxes and difficult flanging. Pig and Bar Iron, Rails and all shapes in Iron. Quotations given on Bridge and Building Specifications. ; and WROUGHT IRON Boiler Tubes, Steam, Gas and Water Pipe. Qil Well Tubing, Casing and LINE PIPE. Cotton Presses, Forgings, ROLLING MILL AND General Machinery. READING IRON WORKS. 261 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia. i A. HEBERTON. : aie 8. FRANK SHARPLES, HEBERTON & CO., Selling Agente ont Commission Merchants or the sale of Pig, Bloom, Plate, Bar, Scrap, Galvanized, Black, Sheet, Pipe and Railroad IRON. No. Walnut St., Phila. Charcoal Bloom and Pig ® specialty. - IRON. STEEL, SCRAP OF ALL KINDS A SPECIALTY. First Quality Muck Bars. SHIMER & CO., Late of and successors to W. HUTTON & CO . 250° S. Third St., Philadelphia. | J. J. MOHR, Iron Commission WMerchant, No, 430 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Sole Agent for the Sheridan and Leesport Furnaces. A. PURVES & SON, Corner South & Penn Streets, Phila., Dealers in Scrap Iron & Metals, Machinery, Tools, Shafting & Pulleys, Steam Engines, Pumps & Boilers, Copper, Brass, Tin, Babbit Metals, Sodndry Facings, Best Quality Ingot Brass, Cash paid for all kinds of Metals ana Tools. FRANCIS WISTER, Sole Eastern Agent for A. A. HUTCHINSON & BRO. CONNELLSVILLE COKE. | ORES, Native and Foreign. 230 South Third Street, Philadelphia tt Xvow, JUSTICE COX, Jr. ~~—~~dCKARLES K. BARNS, JUSTICE COX, JR. & CO., AGENTS FOR CHICKIES, ST. CHARLES, MONTGOMERY WARWICK, CONEWAGO AND KEYSTONE Foundry & Forge Pig Iron. SHAWNEE ROLLING MILL CO., Limited, Best Quality Muck Bar. CATASAUQUA MFG, COS Bar, Angle, Skelp and Sheet Iron. Railroad Car Axles. New and Old Rails. No. 333 Walnut S8t., Philadelphia. PETER WRIGHT & SONS, 307 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, 19 Broadway, New York, 44 Second Street, Baltimore, Importers of German and English SPIEGELEISEN, Pig, Scrap, NEW AND OLD RAILS, And Iron Ore. E.W.CLARK & Co. Bankers and Stock Exchange Brokers, No. 35 South Third S8t., Philadelphia. CLARK, POST & MARTIN, No. 34 Pine St., New York, Bankers and Railway Commission Merchants, Importers of Pig Iron, New and Old Rails, Scrap Iron, &c. ak Ve os THE STANDARD STEEL WORKS. LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR WHEEL TIRES, Manufactured from the celebrated OTIS STEEL. BRAND ZF STANDARD. Quality and efficiency fully guaranteed. Prices as low as any of the samo quality. We manulactuic Heavy and Light Forgings, Driving and Car Axles, Crank Pins, Piston Rods, &c. Works at Lewistown, Pa. Office, 220 S. 4th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Italian and Spanish CHARCOAL IRON, CHILL-GRADED, For Car Wheels, &c. FOR SALE BY ALFRED EARNSHAW, 203 Walnut Place, PHILADELPHIA, LANGHORNE WISTER. RODMAN WISTER. L. & R. WISTER, IRON BROKERS. Agents for the Clearfield Fire Brick Co.’s Fire Bricks. No. 230 South 4th St., Philadelphia, KEYSTONE HORSE SHOE CO., | 816 Richmond St., Philadelphia, Pa. Manufacturers of the Keystone Patent Solid Steel Calk Horseand Mule Shoes, These Shoes are made of superior iron and steel, completely finished and ready for cold shoeing; | nave clip and solid steel calx The holes are puases through at the proper angles and free | romburrs. Same number of Shoes per keg as in ' kegs of unfinished shoes. wT. F. BAILEY «& Co., 216 South 4th St., Philadelphia, Selling ATKINS BRO’S—BEAMS, 52 Wall St., (Room 8) New York. Agents CHANNELS, RAILS, &c. A. & P. Roberts & Co.—Car Axles, Plates, Channels, Tee, Angle and Bar Iron. WILLIAM McILVAIN & SONS—Boiler, Ship and Bridge Plates. BERWICK R. M. BARS AND SHAPE IRON. Advarces on Consignments of Old Material and sales promptly made CHAINS. BRADLEE & CO., 816 Richmond St., Philadelphia, | o Manufacturers of Dredging, Mining and Crane Chains, Rafting Chains, Toggles, Eye Bolts and Log Dogs. We wish tocall particular attention to oar D. B. G. special Crane Chain, made ofan extra brand of reworkedtiron, uniting great tensile strength and wear, fully tested and warranted to be of the very best Workmanship and material ; superior to the very best brands of English Crown Chain, and specially adapted ter rafting, mining and dredging. a — disadvantages uncer which it labored. The Cornish engine and its offsprings are promi- nent examples of pumping engines, in which high expansion has been carried on in single cylinders. Examples of the distribution of pressure throughout the stroke under high grades of expansion ina single cylinder, and also in different types of compound engines, are exhibited by the accompanying diagrams The curves are theoretical, calculated from relative volumes. They would be somewhat distorted in practice by the transmission of heat, angularity of connecting rods, &c. ; but the distortion would very likely operate to raise the terminal pressures, and thereby effect a still more nearly uniform distribu- tion in all cases, so that the comparisons would be about the same. Fig. 1 represents expansion to 20 volumes in a single cylinder of 42 inches diameter. The initial pressure is 120 pounds absolute ; the terminal, 6 pounds. P P is the atmos- pheric line, ) ) the admission line, and the line at the extreme left indicates the vol- ume of waste room reduced to terms of the stroke. The ordinate z z represents a point in the stroke at which the mean effective pressure is reached. The counter pressure above total vacuum is 2 pounds. The prin- cipal features of Fig. 1 are as follows: Mean effective pressure, pounds - Greatest effective pressure, pounds 18 Least effective pressure, pounds $ Excess of greatest pressure above mean, per cent 43¢ Deficiency of least pressure below mean, per cent . S1 Highest temperature of steam, degrees 44 Lowest temperature of steam (terminal), degrees er 170 Variation from initial to release, degrees 174 Mean total effect on the piston, pounds. 30,470 Greatest effect On the piston, pounds.... 117,800 Least effect on the piston, pounds 6,200 Figs. 2 and 3 represent diagrams from a compound engine. The cylinders are sup- posed to be connected by short passages rom each end, and the pistons working in opposite directions, as though the connec tions were made to diametrically opposite crank pins. It will be observed that the terminal pressure in the large cylinder is the same as in the single cylinder of the previ ous example, and as the cylinders are of the same dimensions—that is, the larger one of the compound and the single one—it is fair to presume that the consumption of steam will be alike in both cases. The high-pres sure cylinder is 20 inches diameter and the low-pressure one 42 inches diameter. The exhibit of Figs. 2 and 3 is as follows: SMALL CYLINDER (20 INCH). nitial pressure (absolute) pounds.... ‘ 129 Grade of expansion, volumes 4 Mean effective pressure, pounds ‘ 56.88 Greatest * rp ot 105 Least ig = z 24 Mean total effect, pounds 17,860 Greatest ** - 32,970 Least ‘ “ “ 7536 Excess of grea