The Iron Age 1881-07-21: Vol 28 Iss 3

The Jron Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter, Vol. XXVIII: No. 3. The Duplex Safety Boiler. The growing favor with which tubular | on the axis. boilers are received by those employing power, is due to advantages which have be- come generally recognized and to improve- ments in their construction, in consequence of which inconveniences in their use have been removed. It is conceded that, so far as safety is concerned, experience has proved them to be far in advance of older types, but tosecure safety,economy and dura- bility were often sacrificed. These essen- tials are not, however, incompatible with | safety. Among the more recent designs of tubular boilers is that by the Duplex Safety Boiler Company, of this city, which has been brought to its present shape, shown in the accompanying illustration, after a series of improvements extending over the past few years. The boiler is composed of vertical sections, suspended from a horizontal drum, | different departments of the engineering, the number of the sections depending upon the size of the boiler. Each consists of a tral one, each dne of the outer tubes having within it a 2-inch tube, which extends th h the upper and lower chamber, The oat om accident reported, ‘ figures show th-* upper and lower ends are held by gun metal chambers shown in the engraving. A large body of water is thus exposed to the fire in the thin sheets, which it occupies between the inner and outer tubes of the eighh be Of S835 are “nded into the chambers, s *recess being accurately pered and reamed for its re- eption. The central tube, with an area greater than the aggregate area of the tubes around it, has no inte- rior tube. Each section 1s suspended from the drum by a branch, and can be readily removed for repairs. The drum is small in diameter, and as it must be strong to support the weight of the sections filled with water, it is made of the best charcoal hammered iron, of ample thickness, and is thoroughly braced, so that it will resist pressures much higher than it is subjected to in use. The boiler thus formed of the drum and sections is set in brickwork in the ordinary way, the furnace proper, which is sometimes provided with the Rogers shaking grate, having one compart- ment which forms a combus- tion chamber. It incloses the principal portion of the sections. For the purpose of utilizing the waste heat of the escaping gases, one or more sections are placed back of the bridgé wall. The hot gases pass around the drum also. The circulating pipe shown connects the lower portions of the sec- tions, and through it the feed water is introduced and the boiler blown off. In the operation of the boiler, the fire surrounds the tubes and chambers of the sections, and also passes Up through the inner tubes. The water contained within the sections, being divided into thin sheets, is practically in the fire, divided from it only by a thin plate of iron. Steam is generated rapidly and rises in the outer cluster of tubes to the upper cham- ber, carrying water with it. At th con- nection of the section with the drm, the steam rises into the latter, while tle water asses downward through the cent’ tube to the bottom chamber. A very rapd circula- tion is thus secured, with all theadvantages it offers in the rapid and ecormical gene- ration of steam and in the pre’ention of the formation of scale. We are informed that a number of large establshments have adopted the Duplex boiler, and that tests oe by consumers have siven very good results. aang ae w i hy £4 —————— , thod of raising water by centri-| ers E The method of raising | founders, millwrights, &c.; | builders and marine engineers. fugal pumps is well knows, in which a rotary motion is imparted to asystem of pallets in a stationary cylinder. recent note to the "rench Academy, de- scribes a different system giving very good effects. In it a shallow cylinder without pal- lets is rotated, and the water, forced to- ward its periphery, is received into a ver- tical pipe passing through a wide opening in the top of the cylinder, and bending outward and round, so that its mouth is near the outer wall of the cylinder and faces the whirling liquid. The water rises to a hight proportional to the square of the velocity. A laboratory apparatus of this type, driven by hand, meters. : " the source of water, the receiving tube is bent ‘downward to the latter, and enters | found, was what proportion of the accidents with horizontal point the conical end of | might fall under the provisions of the em- gnother pipe, which extends upward to the|ployers’ liability act. i , reservoir, It is important to have lubrica- | supplementa) information, given by the em- tion corresponding in efficiency to the speed, | ers of 30,000 workmen, and taking all the | ers making trades it was found that of 88,290 cluster of eight. tubes surrounding one cen- | men who have been under risk in these sev- eral trades, during the three years, 39 have M. De Romilly, in a} |entirely upon returns from manufacturers lof cotton, woolen, and lace-making ma- | chinery. raised water to a hight of 150) Where the turbine is placed above , ISSTI. New York, Thursday, July 21 and for this purpose two smaller turbines, | their only guide, but a careful consideration | safe as could be demanded by any system of acting in a similar way with oil, are worked | of the remarks given in the schedules showed | inspection. They were the more anxious to | plainly that by far the largest proportion of | take this step from the fact that, in the UR ee |the accidents could not be traced to the | course of a business which has covered over Employers’ Liability for Injury to | negligence of the employers, but that in fact | 20 years, only two boilers from their work- Workmen. it might be safely assumed that fully 75 per | shops have exploded. Accordingly, they set | ; |of the workmen ; and so far as the minor | terpart in every respect, save that of length, At the recent meeting of the Iron Trades’ | accidents were concerned, they appeared to of the one which created such havoc in Employers’ Association, of Great Britain, a | be singularly slight. After prolonged and Kensington, for the purpose of subjecting it to | report was read which dealt with the ques- | very minute investigation of the facts be- | the hydrostatic test until it burst. the inten- | tions raised by the passage of the employers’ | fore them, the committee concluded that it | tion being to ascertain how much pressure | liability act, and the best means for protect- | was desirable to base the proposed rate of , would be required to break a flat cast-iron | ing members of the association from claims |premiums for insurance upon the amount head. ‘The boiler, which was completed a | made by workmen under its provisions. A | paid annually as wages, rather than upon the | few days ago, was 36 inches in diameter, 42 | committee has gathered information as to | fluctuating numbers of men and boys em-_| inches in length, and constructed of a sub- | the number of fatal and minor accidents, to | ployed at any given time. They had also re- | stantial iron known in the tradé as No. 3 show the risks in different departments of | adjusted their classifications, and had placed | Birmingham wire gauge. The door of the | the iron trade : | Returns have been received from employ- | neering divisions of the iron trade, shipbuild- | service in the Gaffney, hoiler- and machinists, thus forming distinct! Four o’elo«'- yesterday was the hour fixed | divisions. The terms upon which the com.) f-- ““° test. Invitations had been sent to sslttes ad eonaiaded to issue, poli: - vt In- | the members of the jury which had pro- surance were as follo~- ‘ achinists, 2/;|nounced against these heads, and to the oul per cent, »--; amount of wages paid | Commission on Steam Boilers appointed by an, ~“) > engineers generally, founders, |Mayor Stokley. At the time appointed five millwrights, tool makers, locomotive makers, | out of the six jurors (Messrs. J. B. Fontaine, ; Marine engineers, boiler makers, &c., 3/|of the firm of Fontaine, Abbott & Co., ma- r , ae cent.; and shipbuilders, 4/ per cent. | chinists ; J. Shields Wilson, superintendent isks without! The proposal is experimental, but it has |of Neafie & Lavy’s Penn Boiler Works: shipbuilding, iron founding, and machine- | -~v met with fatal accidents, and 2092 hav~ with minor accidents, which inch oot by Ll abhig all r | a ili | et ei Hi THE DUPLEX SAFETY BOILER. Samuel R. Marshall, formerly of the Wilkes- barre Machine Works ; Ww. WwW. Williaws president of Keystone Council of Stationary Engineers, and J. W. Nystrom, civil engi- neer)were on the spot. With them were Mr. John Overn, Chief of the City Depart ment of Boiler Inspection, who had accepted the invitation to apply the test ; Mr. J. Nay- lor, of the People’s Foundry; Mr. J. H. b= x of Nicetown lane ; Mr. S. N. Hart classification, the fatal accidents are as 1 for been indorsed by professional authority and every 2263 men and boys ee and the | declared to be a sound one. The terms which minor accidents of all kinds are as 1 for have been offered by insurance companies who have solicited the business of the asso- ciation have been in the first instance so ex- orbitant as to altogether preclude their con- sideration, and, in an appendix to the re- port, it is pointed out that the total premiums required by companies in Manchester and London are 328 and 337 per cent. in advance every 44 men and boys employed over the | period named. A closer examination into the details of the returns, however, brought out the fact that the ratio of risks is very variable, and by a classification of the facts nearly every section of the engineering and machine-making trades gave interesting , : . ~ well, of New York, a well-known boiler ex- data in this respect. Eventually it was de-| of the committee’s quotations. egy termined to classify the respective indus- im . poet nearly 100 proteins regew i i i e following order: Class A, ma-| P : from the city, Frankforc and the neighbor Sie ott "2 Rupturing a Boiler by Hydrostatic | ing settlements, and two inspectors of the chinists and light industries. in the textile | machine trade ; class B, engineers, tool mak- | locomotive builders, boiler makers, | ) : : r class C, ship-| An interesting experiment was made at} pressure was applied. In class A| Frankford, near Philadelphia, on the 13th| the rivets was apparent when the gauge inst., the object of which was to refute the| registered 105 pounds, but beyond this the conclusions of the voroner’s jury in their! boiler did not exhibit any symptoms of a verdict on the recent explosion of Gaffney | strain. At 130 pounds the water began to & Dolan’s boiler. The Philadelphia Record | ooze through a smal! sandhole in the head, of the 14th inst. says: | above the man-hole, show ing that the head The firm in question, Messrs. Sidebotham | was slightly defective. The pressure was & Powell, were the builders of the boiler | then reduced, while Inspector Overa aflixed which exploded, with such disastrous re-| a contrivance to the rear end for the pur- sults, at the dye works of Gaffney & Co., in| pose of measuring the extent of expansion. Kensington, in the early part of June. The| Pressure was again applied until the gauge boiler had been placed in position, new from | marked 140 pounds, then 160, 180 and 200. the workshop, less than a month before, and | At this amount of pressure tie seams on the had been passed as perfect in every particu- | side of the boiler began to weaken, and from lar by the inspectors of the Hartford Com-| one spot a spray of water as fine as steam pany. The jury, however, ascribed the| was discharged. At 250 pounds this had in explosion to the improper use of cast iron | creased to a good-sized squirt, and at 350 in the flat head of the boiler, and the inspect- | the water was issuing with one ay a to ors who certified to its safety were severely | be thrown 4 feet away. 5till the heads re censured. The builders, instead of airing | mained intact. At 400 pounds half a dozen their opinions in print, determined to dem-| similar fissures appeared in a close row in onstrate that cast iron flat heads were as|the same seam, The pressure waa then | Hartford Company. When everything was in readiness the The usual sapping at | Pressure. the returns show 1 fatal accident to every 10,525 men, and 1 minor accident to every 64 men employed, these figures being based In class B the tables show that there was 1 fatal accident to every 2983 men, and 1 minor accident to every 67 men | employed, this division taking in all the lead- ing sections of the engineering trades. In | class C it was found that there was a fatal | accident to every 1185 men, and I minor accident to every 26 men employed. These | returns having been obtained, the only diffi- | culty to be dealt with, and to which only an | approximate solution could at present be In this respect the | ployers in sending in the returns, had been cent. might be attributed to the carelessness | about the construction of a boiler the coun- | marine engineers among the general engi- |man-hole was the same which did a simila: | Se EEEEeEneneeenee eee | SLi:50 a Year, Including Postage. Single Copies, Ten Cents. gradually increased to 425 pounds, and the lookers-on were beginning to wonder whether the boiler would hold out forever, when a sudden crack was heard in the front head and the water commenced to run down from a fissure extending half-way across the head. The gauge showed that the boiler had given | out at a pressure of 450 pounds, and a sub- sequent examination showed that the break had commenced at the leaky sand hole be- fore mentioned. Had it not been for this defect the head would probably have stood an additional 50 pounds pressure before giv- ing way. The measurement taken by In- spector Overn showed that the rear head had expanded 1-16th of an inch at 200 pounds, and 3-16th at the time of the break. The members of the Coroner’s jury had little to say concerning the result. “Three of the five sat some distance away while the pressure was being applied, and apparently took but little interest in the proceedings. Before leaving they held a short confidential consultation, in the course of which one re- marked : ‘“‘This is no reflection on us. If we undertake to answer it we shali never be done of the subject.” ‘‘ Yes,” responded | another, ‘‘ we would start a discussion which | would never end.” Severalof the jurymen | wheu asked to give their opinion of the ex. periment, emphatically de clined to express themselves on the subject. Several weeks ago, when the Hartford Company de- cided not to pass any boilers with flat cast-iron heads over 32 inches in diameter, City Inspector Overn addressed a communication to City So- licitor West, asking “what authority, if any, the City Inspector could ‘pxercise in the same direction, and also requesting advice as to how he should govern himself in ‘parsine Nos veoaus VULIOTS. a reply, the City Solicitor says that the questions are more fitted for a mechanical expert than for a lawyer, but that legally he would ad- vise the inspector, when in his judgment a boiler is safe. to approve it and give a cer- tificate, without regard to its mode of construction or the material used. Mr. Overn has consequently decided to adhere to his usual practice ot passing all boilers with the obnoxious heads if they have safely withstood the cold water test. ee Gen. J. B. Frisbie, lately from Mexico, where he has resided for several years, is now in New York city. He is non-committal in regard to the probability that the government will be able to pay its promised subsidies to railroad corporations, but repeats the remark made to him by the President of the Republic, a short time ago, that no more subsidies would be granted. He anticipates a gradual growth and de- velopment of the country under the stimulus of Amer- ican enterprise, and that the revenues will be proportion- ately increased. In the al- most total absence of modern ngchinery, all kinds of indus- sate, despitt very backward ral advantages weal nome country possesses. Mexicali have capital, hut donot know | how to use it, having neither banks nor cor- porations. Englishmen own the only bank, and Germans control the foreign trade. Skilled labor is scarce and commands good pay ; machinists, for instance, receiving $175 per month, The two railroads now building— National and Mexican Central—have about 20,000 men at work on them, and are des tined to effect great changes, not only in putting some of the richest sections of the country in communication with the seaboard, but making it practicable to transport pro ducts, merchandise, machinery, &c., hither and thither as desired, relieving the mule | of its ancient burdens. i ae Judge George W. McCrary, of the United States Circuit Court at Little Rock, Ark., has just rendered a decision in the suit brought by the Southern Express Company to restrain the [ron Mountain Railroad from charging the complainants higher rates on express matter than it charges for similar express matter received from or delivered to itself or the Pacific Express Company, and also from discriminating against the plain tiff in fayor of itself or any ether express company or person in the matter of rates A temporary injunction was granted, which the respondent prayed should be dissolved The motion was refused, ae A steamer arrived recently in the Thames from the Clyde which is steered from an electric apparatus, The steerage gear worked well, but the compasses were so affected by | the electricity as to be useless, === _- === ae —= a —_—_— — = 2 rTHH IRON AGE. July 21, 1881. —— |. fAetals. live, ere. & N Ss oO Ni : A | The Plume & Atwood PHILIP L MOEN, President a « Treasurer. HAS. F, WASHBURN, Vice President & Secretary WASHBURN & MOEN ANE ACTORS o, WORCESTER, — BRASS & COPPER CO., No. 19 Cliff Sts cet, | Pheips Building, REW YORK. Mfg. Company, SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, German Silver and Gilding Metal Copper Rivets and Burs, Kerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 18 Murray Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Factories, MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Waterbury Brass Ci CERMAN SILVER, Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. Seamless Brass & Copper) Tubin | Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, Be BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, | Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms. COPPER RIVETS & BURS, PURE COPPER WIRE | BRASS KETTLES, For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. | ‘Door Rail, Brass Tags, Phospnor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. | PERCUSSION CAPS, ANSONIA Yr REFINED POWDER FLASKS, Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &c. INCOT COPPER. __.| And small aie Wares of every Description. tanA RAR Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Rpecialty. { GF & C0, Sole Agents for the PHEL a DOD Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- ing Goods and Wood’s Paper IMPORTERS OF Shot Shells. DEPOTS: Mille At TIN PLATE, 296 Broadway, New York, WATERBURY, ROOFING PLATE, | 199 Eddy St., Providence, R. 1. Conn. Se ee eee os a el -zme ae Manhattan Brass Co,, Zinc, &c. Rolling Miil, MANUFACTURERS OF ¢ Sheet and Roll Brass, German Silver Metal and Wire Copper and Iron Rivets. MANUFACTURERS OF Manufacturers of OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, s B Olmmcs 1 3 COPPER AND B RASS. | sess, Wire: Prie Paldue'st-cgcr™ | LANTERNS and TRAMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Copper Wire, Broughton Patent One PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements Partic Copper Rivets, Brass, Tin & Zinc Oilers, ~~ manufscturing Woo" Paid to cutting out Blanks and Brass Tubing, Brass Butt Hinges, Zinc Tubing, Harricane Lanterns, Brown’s Patent Picture Hoo Fire Sets, Fenders, &c. BRASS BLANKS AND TUBES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION TO ORDER. OFFICE AND WORKS, Ist Ave., 27th to 28th Sts., New York. ET THE NEW HAVEN COPPER CO., 255 Pearl Street, New York. Mannfacturers of and Dealers in CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. SCOVILL MFC CO BRASS, HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. MANUFACTORY, Bridgeport, Conn. t 19 Murray Bes PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. oo DEPOTS, FACTORIES, 419 & 421 Broome St., N. ¥. Waterbury, Conn. 177 Devonshire St., Boston. New Haven, Conn. 183 Lake St» Chicago. New York City, DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & & C0,|Braziers’ & Sheathing COPPER. Kettle Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, Rivets, Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, &c. JOHN STARR, Hardware & Metal Broker, MANUFACTURERS’ AGENT, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Representing in the Dominion of Canada several American Manufacturers, is ready to accept further Ageuvies, Satisfactory references. sT. LOUIS. MO.. Holmes, Booth & Haydens, WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORK, BOSTON, Tia Plate, Pig Th, Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, Wire, Zinc, Etc. 29 & 31 Cliff St., cor. Fulton, DICKERSON & CO., Liver>ool. NEW YORK. ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- per and German Silver (in Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), COPPER & BRASS RIVETS AND BURS. ome, New York. A. C. NORTHROP, Waterbury, Conn., NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS FOR HARDWARE TRADE. on, Round and Square Head Cap and el Plated and Bronze Trimmings of all 49 Chambers St. 18 Federal St. Manufacturers of all kinds of Brass, Copper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. BRASS & COPPER WIRE, Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. BRASS & IRON JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL, German Silver Spoons, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Kerosene Burners, &c. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., Dealers in Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, i oe John ) John Street, New ¥ New Y¥ ork. | Wrot mht Lron and Brass Machine Screws; Turned, Hesee Set Screws; Brass and Iron Safety ana Jack Chain; Gilt, Nic ds. from Sheet Iron, Steel or Brass. 7 stumates on patented articles, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited aud promptly given. _—— ROESLING'S WORKS ss New York Office a = | Warehouse PASSAIC LINC 00. Manufacturers of Pure Spelter FOR Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK, Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, 113 Liberty Street, N. Y. Geo. W. Prentiss & Co., HOLYOKE, MASS., MANUFACTURERS OF IRON g@ WIRE. wae al EE nt: plas ot ” ese z Bessa 117 Liberty Street. THE JOHN A. -ROEBLING'S SONS 60, WIRE | ROPE! c.ivanzep |Lron and Stee) Iron, Steel and Copper | Telegraph Wire, WIRE Hotsting iia oe Market Wire, Kinds, tor Ferries, Stays, | ; : | Market Wire, Fence Wire Ship Rigging, Sash Cords, Vineyard Wire Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, Lightntug Rods, &c., &e. , Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Suspension Bridge Cables, ' Rivet Wire, &c., &c. CALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. BRODERICK & BASCOM, LANUFACTURERS OF Bright, Gouwantae” Annchlea ‘and Tin Plated, Also GUN SCREW WIRE Of all sizes straightened and cut to order. ,| The Schoenberg Metal Mfg. Co., Manufacturers of and Dealers in SOLDER, TYPE, a Eleceretrpe and Babbitt Metal. Importers of for Bia Mew of Annealed Fence and Grape Wire tn lon rien he ; d and Chain Wire. Wire for ¢ the mee mse, cely ea Fai “Ball idles ee ‘ ‘ Any grade of Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, | Syztiezed'ng cut 10 tay length *Rteol C WAREHOUSE, 21 Cliff Street, New York, aaee lter, es Hig. irces. Selwece Dean sels ibe a 20th | 919 to 923 N, Main St., ST, LOUIS, Mo, ss Map ape truck 1831. i i Ee | aaeitt Cry Se le ae MANUFACTURERS OF THOMASTON, Cy "WATERERS IITRON and STEEL, WIRE, Patent Steel Barb Fencing, Patent Steel Wire Bale Ties. WIRE RODS of all th Round Iron vee 3 0) ELING in, to Mit, cut to any length. Owners and exclu- Bridgeport Brass COsy) rx: son 33 CONTIN L, producing Iron and Steel W1 Oils of 100 pounds, without szau or Ww Anetra w = tae oe and i Stone Wire, = ufacture of Card C e % of Nor ire furnished, Annealed, Bright, Polished, Coppere¢, G alvanized or Tin Plated. Wire furnishes, oline Wire, Patent Linen finish. fre. Stee! Wire for Springs, Needles an bri ls. Market Stee) Wire kept in voce ahtvaled ae Muste Louis Warehouse, 802 North p- St. Chicago Warehouse, 107 Lake 8 “NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS.” Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New Work. HOWARD & MORSE, MANUFACTURERS OF =i veut c:] WARE CLOTH, WIRE WORK, WIRE FENCE & RAILING, A180 ~-. 1 AND RAILROAD LANTERNS. yy Coal Sereen. ncaa Riddle. Sand Screen. Star Fire Departnr nt No. 1, Star K. R. Lantern. Lantern, Ex. Heav; Bank Railing, No. 4. Nest of Flour Sieves, Bank Railing, No. 12. ABRAM 8. HEWITT, President. JAMES HALL, Treasurer. WM. HEWITT, Vice President. E. SANSOM, Goaeuen TRENTON IRON COMPANY, INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, N. J., Manufacturers of [RON and STEEL WIRE OF ALL GRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED: Iron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND. RODS. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths. New York Office, COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 17 Burling Sli ss a Office, JOHN HEWITT, Agent. * oe Nort Pousth St. IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &. CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND. ___ Address, HAZARD MFG. CO. Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co., Pa. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, Carlswerk, near Cologte, Germany. PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers am Bridge Cables. SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSENGR STEEL WIRE, GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high eondu tivity, and in long lengths. GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, “ep 7 vghe Givens, Oty Staples, &e. Annealed aoe Oiled Fencing WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. TELEGRAPH CABLES. Contractors to the German and Foreign governments. Th di S@eiD tinent. Welegraph Address, C€ AKLSW WERK, COL o a GNE. _ aes Dataeh ou the Gon General Agents for U. 8. me aan. PERKINS & CHOATE, 23 Nassau St, N.Y. A. LESCHEN Ke SON, Mangfacturers of “WIRE ROPE. OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Correspondence invited, ae ee 81 } July 21, 1881, & C0., Manufacturers of all kinds of Tin Plated BIRD CAGES. to the trade. == 254 Pearl St., | NEW YORK. BROWN & BROTHERS, 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Manufacturers of BRASS, COPPER AND GERMAN SILVER, In Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, Rivets and Burs, Etc. ALSO, Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 Ibs. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANE, SILVEK-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich cesigns. Waterbury, Conn. “= GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. POPE, COLE & Co. BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Also Cakes, of unequaled purity and toughness. IRON ROOF CRESTING, WEATHER VANES, Tower Ornaments, &s. Also, Wrought lron Fence, For Residences, Court Houses, Cemetery Lots, &c. IRON SHUTTERS, WINDOW GUARDS, Balcony Railing, &c. Parties wanting work in this line will be furnished illustrated catalogue and price list upon application. E.T. Barnum’s Iron and Wire Works, Detroit, Mich. . G. Gunther, Patented Brass, Silver Plated and Japanned BIRD CAGES. Can be nested for ex- port shipments. 46 Park Place, NEW YORK. Largest va a unsurpessed in low paiens. New Illustrated Catalogues and Price Lists on application. Schenectady Molding Sand Co. ety in patterns an ALBANY AND SCHENECTADY MOLDING SAND delivered on cars or boats at low rates. All grades guaranteed. All orders will vossive pects atten- J. G. GREENE, ty 22 Wall St., ScuEenwctapy, N. Y. G. S. Veeper, Pres; J. G. Greene, Sec. and Treas. The Morris Sash Lock Mfg. Co., Manufacturers of The Morris Sash Lock, Pat. Combined Sash Lift & Lock, Pat, Self-Locking Shutter Bar, And specialties in Builders’ Hardware. 214 and 216 ELM STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO, U. % A 0. LINDEMANN Japanned, Brass & Catalogues furnished YALE LOCKS, THE IKON AGE. CAFY «& Morn, STEEL WIRE for all ourposes and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. : } We /y LALLA EL MAA LLL UME LALLLALALAAARLALLAL LED EELLELALEL v9 Ci SL Hi TOD ILERELLELELLELLELLOE >——— Vat | | Market Steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. 934, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, - - 7 - - NEW YORK, YALE LOCK MFG.CO. Office and Works, STAMEORD, CONN. Salesrooms, 53 Chambers Street, New York, 36 earl Street, Boston, S507 Market Street, Philadelphia. G64 Lake Street, Chicago. This Advertisement is Changed Kvery Week. GAUTIER STEEL DEPARTMENT OF THE CAMBRIA IRON CoO., PHILIP E. CHAPIN, Gen’! Supt. STEEL, WIRE and SPRINGS. JOHNSTOWN, PENN. —_ N.Y. Store, - - - 81 JOHN ST. Phila. Store, - 505 COMMERCE ST. OT a ———$———_———— ee MOULDING SAND, Albany Sand a Specialty. FOUNDRY FACINGS, Shovels, Riddies, Brushes, &c. WHITEHEAD BROS, AMERICAN FACING CO. — J. A. EMERICK. HOWARD EVANS. J, A. EMERICK & CO. 1056 & 1076 Beach Street, oe PHILADELPHIA, pe ee _ MOLDING SANDS and Foundry Supplies. Wm. WHITEHEAD, Treas., 617 W. 15th St., New York. ~” -_ <= oul | Ee = <= eo = <== ww Lid es La. Established 1810, N. &G, TAYLOR GO, PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in ODD AND REGULAR SIZES TIN AND ROOFING PLATES, Black and Galvanized Sheet Iron, Metals, Wire, Copper, Stamped Ware, Hegisters, &c. ee —_ WOOD, JENNISON & CO., , Manufacturers of SHAFTING, PULLEYS AND HANGERS—A Specialty, , Wood's Patent Bolt Thrnaging Machine, Worcester, Mass. Papers on Practical Founding—X XX. BY EDWARD KIRK CASTING, scribe the mode of melting the iron, for I have already deseribed that part of the business at length in my work entitled the ‘Founding of Metals.” I shall here only describe the process of filling the molds with molten iron after it has been melted. The work of casting or filling the molds with molten iron to form the castings is as im- does not matter how hot and fluid the iron is, or how perfect the molds are made, per- fect castings cannot be made unless the molten iron is properly poured into the molds. The usual time of casting in stove foundries is from 2 to 5 o’clock in the after- noon. This time is considered preferable to all others, because the work of casting al- ways heats up the foundry and molding sand so that it becomes very hot and disagreeable work making any molds after the work of casting has been begun. The work of molding generally stops as soon as it is time to begin casting, and the later in the day the casting begins the more time the molders have for molding and the more molds they have to cast. For these reasons the work of casting is always put off until the latest hour that will give the molders time to get through casting, and get their castings all tak_n out of the sand and the sand wet and shoveled up before quitting time. In all large stove foundries each molder is provided with a ladle and shank for pouring off his molds. The molders are divided up into casting sections, with from 10 to 30 or 40 men in a section, according tu the capacity of the cupola. When casting, only one sec- tion is allowed to catch or pour at a time. This is done to avoid crowding and con- fusion around the cupola, and also to enable each molder to pour off all his molds without delay when he starts, so that he can have a red-hot ladle every catch after the first one, and thus avoid chilling the iron by catching in a cold ladle. When pouring, each section comes up in its turn, and as fast as one gets done another comes up, and so on until all the molds are poured off. As the section that pours off first generally gets a little the best iron and is the first to get its castings out and go home, the sections are changed every day, so that the section that is first one day is last the next day, and every molder has an equal chance to get the best iron or get through with his work first and go home. In most stove foundries the time for putting the blast upon the cupola is from two to three o’clock p. m., and the time required for casting is from one to three or four hours, according to the size of the foundry or capacity of the cupola. After the blast has been on for 10 or 15 minutes the iron begins to melt, and the molten iron com- mences to run out at the tap hole, which is generally left open until the iren begins to melt and about a ladleful has run out. This is done in order to dry and warm up the spout and breast. The tap hole is then stopped with a bod, and a few ladles of mol- ten iron are allowed to accumulate in the cupola to dry upthe sand bottom and breast. This iron is then tapped out and caught in hand ladles, and is poured from one ladle to another to warm them, and after all the ladles have been warmed with the iron it is poured into some heavy casting, provided it is not too dull. If it is too dull to run a casting, it is poured into the pig bed. Enough molten iron is then allowed to ac- cumulate in the cupols. to give each molder in the first section a ladleful. The cupola is then tapped and the molten iron allowed to run out, and as it flows from the cupola it is caught in the ladles by the molders, and when each molder catches in he puts his ladle under the stream over the full ladle with a quick motion, that scarcely spills a drop of iron; the full ladle is then taken away and the ladle thatis filling is set down, so as to give the next molder a chance to catch in over it when full. Each molder catches in in this way, and carries his ladle off to his floor as soon as it is filled. This continues until the entire section has caught or the molten iron is all out of the cupola. The cupola is then shut up with a bod until the section have emptied their ladles and more molten iron has accumulated iu the bottum of the cupola, when it is again tapped and the section given another ladle- ful all round, and this way of tapping and stopping is continued with each section un- til all the molds in the foundry are poured off. When carrying the molten iron from the cupola to the molds in hand ladles, the molder always carries his ladle to one side and behind him so as to avoid the heat of the molten iron upon his face and eyes, and also to make less risk of getting burned in case any of the molten iron is spilled while carrying it to the molds. As soon as a molder gets to the head of his floor he sets his ladle down, and takes the skimmer and and skims off all the dirt and scruff that has risen to the surface of the molten iron. It is then ready for pouring and is carried to the mold into which it is to be poured When about to pour the iron into a gate the lip of the ladle is held a little to one side of the gate, so that when tipped it will throw the stream of molten iron from the ladle directly into the gate, and if the gate is a flat one the stream is always made to strike upon the side of the gate next the ladle, so as to break the fall of the iron and make less risk of breaking down the sharp points of sand at the bottom of tlie gate ; but if the gate is a round one the stream is generally thrown directly into it, for in this case the heel of the sprew breaks the fall, and the more directly the molten iron is poured into a round gate the less risk there is of not running the cast- ing. When about to pour a mold, the molder rests the side of the shank against his leg, so | as to hold the ladle perfectly steady w hile | pouring. He then tips the ladle with the hand on the end of the shank, so as to pour} a heavy or light stream of metal from the | ladle, to suit the gate and the mold that is being poured, a gate, the stream from the ladle is always started light, and is increased after the gate When first starting to pour | 3 —— ee — - <A = ——-—=» has been partly filled, and a steady stream that will keep the gate full is then poured from the ladle until there is enough metal in the gate to fill the mold. The pouring is then stopped to avoid wasting the iron and straining the mold, and as fast as one gate is poured the molder moves on to the next Unéer this head I shall not attempt to de-| one and repeats the same operation until the ladle is emptied, or so near empty that there is not enough iron in it to sll another mold. The molder then returns to the cupola for another Jadleful of iron. If the iron is very hot and fluid, any little drops of iron that are left in the ladle after pouring are kept in it; but if the iron, as it comes from the cupola, is a little dull, the little drops portant a matter as either the melting of} left in the ladle after pouring are always the iron or the making of the molds, for it| thrown in the pig bed. None but the hottest and most fluid of molten iron can be used for pouring light stove plates. All the small or heavy pieces are poured with one ladle, and pieces that are so light or are of such a shape that the molten iron cannot be poured into the mold through one gate fast enough to fill the mold and form the casting before the molten iron is robbed of its fluidity by the cold, damp sand, are always arranged with two or more gates and are poured from two or more ladles at the same time. When pouring any piece that requires more than one ladle to pour it, itis very important that all the ladles should be started to pour at the same time and all stopped at the same time, for if one ladle is started to pour be- fore the others are, it may shoot the molten iron into a part of the mold that it cannot fill, and will interfere with the iron flowing properly from the other gates to fill the mold. In many cases where four Jadles are used for pouring one mold, if one ladle is started to pour a few seconds before the others it will spoil the casting, and if one ladle is stopped from pouring before there is enough iron in the gates to fill the mold, it will generally spoil the casting, for there will be no pressure of iron in the gate to keep up the flow of the iron in the mold. The instant that molten iron ceases to flow in a mold, the damp sand chills it so that the mold cannot be filled from that gate or any of the other three gates. In pouring a mold with one or more gates, the most important point is to start pouring slowly, so as not to break down the gates, and to give the molten iron a chance to start to flow from the gate. The next important point is to pour a steady and continuous stream, that will keep the gate full and keep up an even and uninterrupted flow of the iron from the gate to all parts of the mold, from the time the pourivg is commenced until the mold is filled. Another important point is to stop pouring at the proper time, so as to run the casting and not strain the mold. These three points constitute all the important principles of pouring stove plate, and to learn them properly requires long practical experience, After the molds have been poured and the molten iron has had time to set, the next thing in order is to take out the castings, and as scon as the molder finishes pouring, or, if he has time betwee. ladles, he knocks the clamps off the flasks that are poured and lays them upon the top of the flask. He be- gins at one end of his floor and lays the clamps of the first flask upon the floor. He then shakes the sand and casting out of the flask and sets it on end or lays it down near the clamps. The bottom board is then turned up so as toturn the sand and casting into a heap, and the bottom board is laid on the flask or set on end in front of it. The loose sand is then shoveled from the floor into the heap, and the clamps are taken from the next flask and Jaid on top of the flask that has been shaken out. The next flask is then shaken out and the bottom board turned up the same as with the first flask, and so on until all the flasks have been shaken out and piled or set up oujof the way and the sand shov- eled up from the floor. The molder then takes his hammer and pincers and lifts each piece of casting from the sand and raps it lightly with the hammer to jar the loose sand from it. The casting is then laid down on the floor or upon the side of the sand heap to cool while the other castings are being lifted from the sand and rapped. After all have been lifted from the sand heap and had the loose sand rapped from them, they are car ried to the end of the floor nearest the gang way, where the gates are broken off each casting. Any little fins that may have been formed upon the edges of the castings at the parting line by the straining of the mold are all trimmed off withthe hammer. The cast- ings are then piled upon the end of the floor or in the gangway. This ends the molder’s work with them. They are next taken in charge by the casting wheelers, who wheel them. into the cleaning room to be cleaned, an(l wheel all the gates and scrap to the rattle barrels or upon the cupola scaffold to be remelted next heat. The gangway clean ers clean up all the parting sand and dirt from the castings and get the gangways ready for the next heat : - — Cement for Labels,—1. Macerate 5 parts of glue in 18 parts of water. Boil and add g parts rock candy and 5 parts gum arabic. Mix dextrine with water and add a drop or twoof gly A mixture of 1 part of dry chloride of calcium, or 2 parts cerine of the same salt in the crystallized form, and 36 parts of gum arabic, dissolved in water to a proper consistency, forms a mucilage which holds well, does not crack by irying and yet does not atcract suf- ficient moisture from the air to become wet in damp weather. 4. For attaching labels x bright metallic surfaces, surface with a mixture of muriatic acid and alcohol; then apply the label with a very thin coating of the paste, and it will adhere almost as well as on glase. 5s. To make cement for attaching labels to metals, take 10 parts tragacanth mucilage, 10 parts of honey and 1 part flour. The flour appears to hasten the drying and ren ders it less susceptible todamp. Another cement that will resist the damp still better, but will not adhere if the surface is greasy, is made by boiling together 2 parts shellac, 1 part borax and 16 water Flour paste, to which a certain proportion of nitric acid has been added, and heat a yplied, makes a lasting coment, but the acid often acts upon the metals. The acid converts the starch into dextrine, to tin and othe first rub the parts “=< 4 THE IRON AGE. XV ON, NEW YORK. _ XO. ~NEW = ORK. OGDEN & WALLACE, ic Warner & Son, JOHN W. QUINCY & CO., IRON ME I ron an d Stee | (28 & 29 West IERCHANTS St, 85,87, 89 & 91 Kim St., New York. Of every deseripuion kept in stock. Agents for #ark srother & Co.'s BOILER PLATE TEEL BLACK DIAMOND ' ial ia | Beiler and Tank Rivets. An sises of Cast and Machinery Steel constant! Sole Agents for the celebrated on hand, PIERSON & CO, «wawase “Wawasset,” Lukens, 24 Broadway, New York City. lron & Steel. COMMON & REFINED IRON, Iron. Fire Box Iron | @ specialty. sdiiadaiaaaean oO a ae = a arade of am - = A eee seen Boller Tubes, Anglo, Tee & aan tren, HARRISON & GILLOON Pennocks, Brands of Iron. Alsoall descriptions of Plate, Sheet, and Gasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive ROME MERCHANT IRON MILLS, Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops. C ut N al if Ss Scrolls, cool Half Ovals, Half Rounds, Hexagon and July 21, 1881, Rvon. PITTSBURGH. | Xron. PITTSBURGH. W. D. WOOD & COS Xron. NEW YORK. 98 William Street, New York. Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, Wrought Scrap, Cut Nails, Copper, | BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER, ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &e, (UG SNOW SHOES [>7, | N& ROADSTER =) ; PATTERN, IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 558, 560, 562 WATER ST., and 902, 904, 306 CHERRY B8T., NEW YORE, nave on hand, and offer for eale, a following: Scoteh and American Pig Wrought, Cast and acl achinery Serap Iron, © a Wheels Axles and Heavy ht Iron; = old Copper, ‘Composition, Brass, OXFORD IRON CO. (B. G. CL4RKE, Receiver,) SSS . PATEN’ T Planished Sheet Iron. STEEL TOE CALKS. Extra Quality Homogeneous Steel BOILER PLATE Patented March itqh. 1865 ; April 8th, 1873 ; Sept. 9th, 1873; Uct. 6th, 1874; Jan. 11, 1576. Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, and at a much less price. FOR SALE, Hoops, Rods, Scrolls, Bands, Ovals, Horse Shoe | ron. Also from Charcoal Pi S su jerlor . quality of Iron branded J. ¢ All puddled balls re all the princi Horse Shoe, Nall Rods, duc “ed by hammer. ye, may be cont to Co Jan or 7 the petncipel . to J. O. CARPE R, our Agent, at ohn a maa 19: eR METAL DEALERS | S21 rrares, atowrpion Orders promptly filled from stock. “ABEEL TTeTTT Cae Established 1765 by ABEEL & BYVANCK, Iron Merchants, 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. ULSTERIRON A full assortment of all sizés constantly on hand. Refined Iron, Horse-Shoe Iron, Common Iron, Band, Hoop and Scroll Iron, Sheet Iron, iiorway Nall Rods, Norway Shapes, __ Spring and_Tire Steel, ete. PIT ane OL ACU Lr a RON i PT Ate "hate {RON AND STEELRAILS,OLD RAILS, “+ SCRAP AND PIG IRON. -: ing, HORSE SHOES. a RUM <e Brokers in © IRON, TIN PLATES A. R. WHITNEY, Manufacturer of and Dealer in IRON Our specialty is in uring Iron Used in the Con- memeeuen of Fire -Proot Buildings, Bridges, &c. Agent for ie Bros. & Co., Limited, Pittsburgh, "t.y Wrought Tron Beams and Channel Iron. on Co., Boston, Mass., Boiler a Plate and Tank Iron. Naylor & Co. , Boston, Mass., Ho pnaponsawe Steel P lates and ce — seed Ste 68 Wall St., New York. JAMES WILLIAMSON | & 00., SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON, No. 69 Wall St., New York. eaten Shafti Plates Rotled jo ‘too Inches. Plans and estimates furnished, and contracts made for erecting Iron Structures of every descrip- tion. Books containing cuts of all Iron made ent on application by mail. Sample pieces at office. Please addre 58 § Hudson Street, New ‘York. 90 Broadway, New York. ‘BORDEN & LOVELL, Commission Merchants 70 & 71 West St., 130, 132 & 134 Cedar St., New York, DEALERS IN m, Borden N Y k, Fey, Cordele t ew lor - Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &c., &c, yee San Cate" lebrated C: 8 Agents for the sale of e > Iron , Co ; 0) tts -+ Steel Boller, ee 3 tau pi ito ling Mills, anc 1 nie 2 Tube Works ; Wrought Iron’Beams, Angles, Te Rive Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, Bands, Hoops & Rods. AND Borden Mining Company’s Cumberland Coals. ~ WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., IRON MERCHANTS Cor. Albany & Washington Sts, NEW YORK CITY. M. H. WALLACE. 33. FR. JUDSON, Importer of and Dealer in SCOTCH AND AMERICAN HUGH W. ADAMS & CO,, IMPORTERS OF Agents for American Charcoal and Anthracite Furnaces, 56 Pine Street, New York. Huon W. ADAMs. Ww. S. MIDDLETON, Broker in Machinery & Iren Agent for FORSTER’S CRUSHER & PULVERIZER, The best in market. Ww. 8. - MIDDLETON, 53 62 John St., N. WV. S.A. LISSBERGER, IRON & METAL DEALER, Wa. BIsPHAM. 7 n 509, 511 and sig to seg East roth St., New York, Pe i S xX © 9 | have on hand, and offer fi or sale, the followin | ot > 2a Americ _ Pig Iron, Wrought, Fact | | | anc achinery Serap rou, Car Whe ls, A Wrouglhit & Cast Scrap ron, Heavy Wrought Iron: also, old Cx op - ‘Compost Lead, Pe oLD METALS. 4574359 Swarrscct ~NEW YORK. _panret F. coonzy... SCRAP IRON, STEEL, (Late of and 5u SS Washington St., N. BOILER PLATES and, SHEET IRON, | rox. nonan & METALS, ULSTER IRON WORKS. Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co CARMICHAEL & Sane A. B, & §, Bar IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE. SCOTCH AND ENGLISH IRONS, DANIELL L. Cops, ~ | shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, DANIEL W. RICHARDS & Co., FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC Yards and Office, 88 to 96 Mangin St., NEW YORK. SPIKES. J. 8S. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. - BURDEN’S Inthe Large cities throughout THE UNITED STATES. And at their Office, Ill Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA, Cut Nails and Spikes, Plate and Sheet lron, all descriptions, ‘SHOENBERGER & CO., "ratte KEYSTONE ROLLING MILL. |WILLIAMS, LONG & McDOWELL Manufacturers of IRON, Pi ittsburgh, — ~ ~ i. Bonnell, Botsford & 0., lron, Nails & Spikes, UNION STORAGE Co. RECEIVE ON YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. Storage and nonuee Warrants PORT ORAM MANUFACTURING CO C0. Manufacturers of Scrap & Pig Iron Blooms From Selected Stock, Hammered under Steam Hemmer. Cc. BANE, OLD RAILS, SCRAP IRON, STEEL, PIC IRON, BLOOMS, AND ORE. PITTSBURGH, PA. Wa. Rea, Prest. SAmL. BaILey, Jr., Secy. F, B. LavGuiin, Vice-Prest. W. A. SHAW, Treas. “Burden Best” lron PIG IRON, BLOOMS, INGOTS, MUCK BAR, RAILS, &ce. Correspondence relative to establishment of yards at furnaces solicited General Office, PITTSBURGH, PA. Boiler Rivets. _opeaneienen wetihe The Burden ron Cempary| Sable |ron and Nail Works. _ Troy, N.Y. ULSTER. AND BURDEN’S Oo ZUG & CoO., Manufacturers of the Celebrated SableNails Office and Works, PITTSBURGH, PA. lron. American & English Refined Iron. All sizes and shapes in gseck EGLESTON BROS, & CO., 26 Foutt St | NEW YORK CITY, Glengarnock and Carnbroe SCGTCH PIG IRON. For spot delivery and for prompt or forward Also Best Grades: ar Baitimore or New Orleans, For sale in Iqts to suit by JAMES LEE & CO., Sole Agemts for the United States, 72 Pine Street, N New York. BATES & DESPARD, 117 Pearl St., New York, P. O. Box 764, Importers of STEEL AND IRON RAILS, SWEDISH] BARS, STEEL AND PG IRON, SCRAP IRON an OJ.D RAILS c. f. and i. to America. - or fo o bh. English ports. [LEECHBURG TRON WwoRKs. KIRKPATRICK & CO., Manufacturers of all grades of FINE SHEET IrROnNnsSs, (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, iar NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OFFIOE, No, 143 First Ave., achabstteterttie Pa, WORKS, Leechburg, Pa, MARSHALL IRON CO., Manufacturers of Best Charcoal Bloom, Best Refined & Common ORTON 3, SMITH. MANUFACTURER AND DEALER, ee SHEET IRON. RAILS AND METALS, | MARSHALL LEFFERTS & CO., 90 Beekman S8t., New York City, AP WELDED BOI! ( Boller Rivets, Angle & T Iron ae Se, ad PASSAIC ROLLING MILL Co., Galvanized Sheet Iron omectaen aeons K Ae Mills, Pine J on Works, I el Ir a} Manufacture and have always in stock j Newport, Delaware. fa"! |. ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Paneee ee SW