The Iron Age 1881-07-07: Vol 28 Iss 1

‘The Iron Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Vol. XXVITT: No. 7 The Ravel Gas Engine. Abroad, where the gas interest is not so closely controlled as in this country, much attention is paid to its use for power. With the improved processes which are now so fast gaining control, by reason of their cheapness, in ourlarge cities—for instance, in New York—the time cannot be far distant when a more enlightened policy or growing competition will force the gas companies to cultivate a field which they have sadly neglected. It is well known that water gas, made either by the Tessié du Motay or other processes, can be delivered into the holder for 15 cents per 1000 feet, and however closely the gas interest. may be guarded, the future of the use of gas for power purposes is a great one. The progress made in gas engines has been highly satisfactory, and the range from low to high power is being well covered by the Bisschopp, the Otto and others. Still, it may be of interest to ex amine the features of a recent French design which has some points of merit. The Ravel engine which we illustrate is simple. It has a single acting cylinder oscillation on one axis, placed below the lower part of the cylinder, as shown in the engraving. A por- | tion of one side of the cylinder is planed and is provided with the exhaust passage which, at certain positions of the oscillating cylinder, is placed in communication with the flue R, so that there is no exhaust valve. The mechanism for the distribution of the explosive mixture and for lighting it are | placed on the other side of the cylinder. It | consists of a slide valve, K, a back plate, H, | and a valve, M. The air for mixture enters through the back plate, L, after passing the valve. Below the slide valve, in the back plate, is a gas jet, which is extinguished at | every explosion, but is always relighted by | a small jet, burning continually. The work- | ing of the engine is simple. The piston, in | moving upward in the cylinder, creates a suction during one quarter of its. upward | stroke, the volume of the gaseous mixture thus drawn into it being regulated by the position of the slide valve eccentric. At that point the slide valve is raised, and the flame at it, passing through P, ignites the gas, which propels the piston to the end of its stroke. Returning, the piston drives the | products of combustion before it, forcing them to exhaust through R. The engine is spokep well of by those who have used it in France, and details of its working are prom- ised at an early date. —————————— Use of the Calorimeter as a Pyrometer for High Temperatures.* | | | | BY J. C. HOADLEY, C. E. Having undertaken to prepare and con- | duct some ex 7. Disposition and arrangement ‘of ther- | mometers. 8. Details of manipulation. First, the quantity of water to be used. | Clark says that Siemeus’ vessel contains | about a pint, and that his scale is 1-50 ; that is, a rise of 1 degree in the temperature of the water indicates a fall of 50 degrees in the temperature of the heat conveyer. In view of the high temperatures I expect to | deal with, this scale seemed to involve an inconvenient increase of the temperature of the water. In effect, if the temperature of | | the furnace were 2000° F. above the initial temperature of the water, the water must | | be heated 40 degrees, which if divided, part | firm. riments on the combustion af | below and part above the temperature of jing corrosion and im But New York, Thursday, July 7, 1881. and its heat capacity could be kept low. as the vessel is necessarily rather costly, it is safer and cheaper in the long run to use something more durable. Silver would be excellent, but, perhaps, no better than copper. Both, however, are so soft that considerable thickness is required to obtain sufficient firmness On that account, I finally selected sheet brass. I find only a single determination of the spercific heat of brass, while of copper there are many ; but since the calorific capacity has, after all, to be determined by direct experiment, this consideration is of no great importance. Sheet brass, 0.01 inch thick, is sufficiently For the twofold purpose of prevent- ai} Y 7 YL Toe AIL LT ae eT TIT eee rr N N N N N IN N WY N Van jd WY \ me ~’ | a MY > CMLL THE RAVEL GAS ENGINE. ding radiation, all coal in the furnaces of steam boilers with the room, would involve an inconvenient | surfaces are nickél plated and burnished. warm-blast, some instrument for determin- | ing the temperature of the products of com- bustion with satisfactory accuracy and con. | venience seemed a desideratum. The Siemens pyrometer, or specially modified | calorimeter, briefly described in D. K. Clark’s Manual, appeared to promise the | rate of heat transmission. calorific capacity of the vessel would, in so small a vessel, bear so large a proportion to that of a single pound of water as to intro- duce a needless amount of uncertainty. For these reasons, and because a larger vessel would better admit of applying all Besides the, | better, perhaps, than nickel ; but its use in Silver would, on some accounts, be a little combination with vulcanized rubber is inad- missible, on account of the action of sulphur upon silver. The cup proper is insulated most satisfactory results; but after consid- | needful or desirable thermometers, without of the case are insulated from each other in Pe wi, _ et WA I | | att et ttt TEMPERATURES ; Jed ¥. ie a a | \. + erable inquiry I could not find one in this country, and therefore set about designing and constructing one. Several questions at once arose. I. The most advantageous quantity of water to deal with. 2. The mode of constructing the vessel to so diminish the transmission of heat as to eliminate, as far as practicable, the disturb- ing iafluence of external temperatures, 3. The best materials for the vessel. 4. The substances to be selected for con veying a specific quantity of the heat of the furnace to the water in the vessel. 5. The form, dimensions, weight and specific heat of the substance selected. 6. The method of heating such heat con- veyer, and of transporting it with least loss of heat to the water. - * A paper read before the American Society of Pai Koginecrs. y Fig. 3. becoming unwieldy, I fixed on 2 pounds of water, including the calorific capacity of the vessel with its agitator and appur- tepances, so far as these cannot be insulated, but must share to the full and almost instantly all changes of tem- perature in the water. The calorific ca- pacity of a suitable vessel I found by calculation, confirmed by experiment, to be about 0.757 pounds of water; requiring, therefore, 1.9243 pounds of water; mak- ing the whole 2.0000 pounds of water. The several vessels may differ a little among themselves, and require each a sepa- rate determination. The water required is conveniently measured in a measur-| ing bottle, with straight, graduated neck. For materials, I have used, tentatively, tin plate, copper and brass. of corrosion, tinned iron would be most available, as it could be used very thin, shorter, are provided in the compartments of the cover. These thermometers are of use in observations for determining, by experiments with hot water, the real calori fic value, referred to water, of the vessel and its appurtenances, in so far as these are sensibly affected by internal temperatures during the period of time occupied by a pyrometrical observation. These test experiments were conducted in the following manner: All compartments | and all parts of the vessel having been brought to the temperature of the room, which was maintained as steadily as pos sible at 69° F., a known quantity of water, weighing nearly two pounds, was put into a | | | | | | | Occasional |during the night, the following day, | Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter, SL50 a rear, Including Postage Stugle Copies, Zen Cents. so moderate in amount, that observations at longer intervals sufticed to define the curves of temperatures, and the vessel was set into |a2 closet where the tetaperature was very uniform, and, after a few readings at inter vals of 15 or 20 minutes, left for the night readings of the thermometers and the succeeding night, traced the respective curves of temperature far on toward their slow equalization. Changes in the temperature of the room, , due to open windows and an extinct fire at night and a rekindled fire and closed win dows in the morning, reflecting by corres- ponding but lesser changes in the closet— and by changes in the rate of cooling—pro- gressively less and less marked, but still | corresponding in time and direction with changes in the room, were noted in all the compartments, and in the central cup. All these several curves being carefully plotted |} on a diagram, I next made a diagram of the loss of temperature in the central cup, refer red to the synchronous temperatures in ths middle compartment as a_ base line. Dividing this curve, which was very sym- metrical and regular, into intervals of 5 degrees, | ascertained the interval of time corresponding to each 5 degrees, at the res- pective differences of temperature between the central cup and the middle compart- |ment, and computed the loss per minute | and the time per degree. These differences and rates of transmission tabulated, gave me correcticns to apply for any length of time occupied by a pyrometer observation, | at any observed difference of temperature. The experiment also gave the calorific capa- city of my cup and appurtenances, equal, say, to 0.05 pounds of water. Taking, oa 1.95 pounds of water, the whole vessel and contents were equal to 2 pounds of water. I subjoin, in a tabulated form, the ascer- tained rates of heat transmission. =~ & Differences of tem- §& + 2 2 > p se * perature. cs to 2 i 2 ~~ s@ _- 2 ea ae oe +4 : > = | Greatest Least ho = eS degrase awrecc gia é ey 55 Sc Io 2 >. 509 5 45 ay 3.6 2 3 45 40 26 5.0 o.t7 ie 25 3 6.6 °.I$2 : 8 0.125 2 st 10.2 0.093 20 7% 1« 9.067 22 a5 14 22.6 0.044 ts 10 180 3¢ 2.028 I 5 324 04.8 0.015 2 500 Toe 2.0198 We come now to a consideration of the substance to be selected as a heat conveyer from the furnace to the calorimeter. For the highest obtainable temperatures the choice | seems, indeed, almost limited to platinum, that metal, with all its inconveniences, alone copper pipkin and heated to about 180 de- grees, when it was taken from the fire, and the thermometer, which showed a gradual reduction of temperature, was carefully watched. All things being in readiness— time observed—just before the thermometer showed 173 degrees—the water was quickly possessing a melting point sufficiently ele vated and aspecific heat pretty satisfactorily determined. The principal objections to its | use are its rather high cost and its very low specific heat. It now costs, in rods or sheets, | $3 per ounce, Troy, equal to $96 per pound from the rest of the vessel by a considerable | poured into the cup and the cover was| ‘Troy, or $116.07 per pound avoirdupois. space of hard rubber, and the several shells closed ; th agitator was actively plied, aud | This is 124 cents per graiv, or three grains ‘the thermometer was narrowly watched. ! for 5 cents, or 60 grains for $1. As scrap | | | | | | | ee io ae See c.f ped | v7) | | | | | | | a) ze rae 3 >?" a ] ee tee eer Pere errr rrr arr ec , sas tellin gia end arsenal coe cet Dae a Lasilinas caebael a | | | LZ | | | ele te Sl castle = | ccna Riemiltananiaeaaliae es i * | g elie ——— 2 ee =< “ ‘ « s . ws ~ . & aN acta eal beni cat aees iss a sone ik WAN cist = 2 7 "S| | °o } st" a iccacstiaatitiemendhcaatlniadiendaimamestesaiae r ] i i i i t ‘ i t ‘ . \ ‘ Fig. 4 HEAT DIAGRAMS. ‘ |the same manner. The handle of the agi-|In half a minute from beginning to pour, | metal, it sells at 35 per ounce—a discount tator, and the rim and central tube of the | tbe mercury had reached its highest point, of 37', per cent. The specific heat of this cover, are of the same material. The case! 175 degrees, and began to recede, slowly at metal is not so readily ascertained. I find is about 1.75 inches thick, composed of 3 first, and then rapidly. In about one min- in Clark’s tables—‘‘ Constants of Nature,” concentric cups around the inside cup, and | ute some attention could be spared for the published by the Smithsonian Institution, being therefore divided into 3 concentric | thermometer in the space nearest tothecell. No. 276—35 determinations of the specitic chambers, with walls- of burnished nickel. | or cup, which began to feel the influence of ;heat of platinum? at temperatures ranging The same construction extends to the cover. | heat from the hot water, soon after the first |from 0 to 9s0° ( 32° to 1742° | W bile These chambers are all filled with eider-| minute. For a few minutes observations | the discrepancies in these determinations are down, just sufficiently compressed to com-|had to be taken as rapidly as possible, but|not very great, they are just sufficient to pletely fill the space, for the double purpose | changes soon became less rapid, and obser-| make a selection difficult. Each observer of intercepting radiant heat and preventing | vations of the seven thermometers—one in | who made several determinations at various convection, by impeding circulation of air. | the cup, and one in each of the three com-| temperatures, finds a slizht increase o A small tube is provided in each space for inserting a thermometer. These tubes are three eighths of an inch in diameter, and | flaring at the upper end, to receive a cork. The tubes are coated with lamp-black on the|in two minutes, then once in six minutes. |down to the freezing point But for danger | outside, and are set in the middle of their | The temperature of the room, which changed | very celebrated chemists carry a certain but little, was noted at intervals: After four | respective chambers, but without touchin jsither wall, Similar tubes, byt muc partments of vessel and cover—could be taken regularly, seriatim, in a constant order. For half an hour this was done, as nearly as possible once a minute, then once hours the changes became so regular and specific heat for the higher temperatures but many of the determinations at the high est temperatures given are than others at ordinary temperatures or below The names of lower but even the great name of Regnau]t weight outweigh the pumerous resuits cannot 2 fAetais. | PActals. ANSONIA | ThePlume & Atwood BRASS & COPPER CO., No. 19 Oliff Str cet, Phelps Building, NEW YORK. Mfg. Company, SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, German Silver and Gilding Metal Copper Rivets and Burs, Eerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 18 Murray Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Factories, WATERBURY, Ct. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Waterbury. Brass Co, CAPITAL, « -« $400,000. Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c, Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, Seamless Brass & Copper GERMAN SILVER, Tubing. Copper, Brass and gnc i Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms, a ’ PURE COPPER WIRE COPPER RIVETS & BURS, For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covened. BRASS KETTLES, il, Brass Tags, Phosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. Door Hea ANSONIA REFINED PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASES, Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &e, Rolling Mill, | THOMASTON, Ct. ____INCOT COPPER. __ And small Brass Wares of every Description. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. $$ PHE! PS DODGE & C0 oun, well Mfg. Co.'s Li { Sport rl e 0 rass Co ~ Patent Steet Barb Fencing, aan ares Wire Bale sen _ ' apewe 0."s Line 0 » - § p 1 f all Grades; Round Iron, Rivet gos to any le Owners and exciu- j ng Goods and Wood's Payer . j sive Opert elOperavore of of of the ZATENT CONTINUOUS RO mip ny prodial g irgm snd Boe se Witte’ tn IMPORTERS OF MANUFACTURERS OF es oo iarape Wires long aarlie +r son oo ge ic P 4) eh rket and St ng : Shot Shells. and Chain Wire. Wire for the facture of Clothing ire Hoge, he. Pianostring Covering Wire, Ti N PLATE E Ts Trille At Sheet and Roll Brass Tinned Broom Wire and Tinned-piate lated Wire of ail, sizes. ata oi made of Cl ry, jun ay . DEPO : ’ Spiral Spring Wire, and Refined Wire to Pattern f evenemiae <aotan ‘om selected st fue of Norway Iron, 296 Broadway, New York, WATERBURY, Wire & Tubi 4 es ¥ tnd Ese fouay on galed, Brignt, Polished, Uopperee, Galva Dized she Plated. Wike Tovar, Brass & Copper Ire UDINE; | Wire 1 Mircedies and Detlinn® Marcet Steal Wits wert to stock wii aed Steel Music t. Louis Warehouse, 802 ty § pe St. ROOFING PLATE, Conn, Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zino, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. SCOVILL MFC CO BRASS, HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. —_——>_— 189 Eddy St., Providence, R. |. Manhattan Brass 6o,, Manafactwrers of Olmsted Patent Oilers, Prior Patent Oilers Breughton Patent Oilers, Brass, Tin & Zinc Oilers, Brass Tubing, _—— Butt Hinges, Zinc Tubing, urricane Lanterns, Brown's Pena Pietare Hooks. Fire Sets, Fenders, &c. BRASS BLANKS AND TUBES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION TO ORDER. German Silver Metal and Wire Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements. | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS, Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and manufacturing Metal Goods. MANUFACTORY, Bridgeport, Conn. THOS, W. FITCH, Prest. and Treas, Sheet Rrass, Brass Wire, Copper Wire, Copper Rivets, WarEHOUSE, 19 Murray &8t., N. ¥. A. A. LASAR, Secy. OFFICE AND WORES, 1st Ave., 27th to 28th Sts., New York, patente Lae eT SE NEE THE NEW HAVEN COPPER CO., DEPOTS, FACTORIES, eT. tS New tact, ‘com, | 255 Pearl Street, New Vork. 183 Lake St.. Chicage. New York City. Manufacturers of and Dealers in DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO.,/Braziers’ & Sheathing Importers of sT. LOUIS, MO... COPPER. Vattla Rattiame, Ralte. Circlag. Rivote. Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, &c. 49 Ohambers St, 18 Federal St. JOHN STARR, Hardware & Metal Broker,| Brass, copper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. BRASS & COPPER WIRE, Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. BRASS & IRON JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. German Silver Spoons, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Kerosene Burners, &c. Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, 39 & oN Atta Zine, Etc, on, DICKERSON & CO., Liver>ool. NEW YORK, ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- per and German Silver (In Bheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), COPPER & BRASS RIVETS AND BURS. Rome, New York. A. C. NORTHROP, Waterbury, Conn., NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS JOHN DAVOL & SONS, FOR HARDWARE TRADE. Wrought Iron and Brass Machine Screws ; d and Square Head Cap a Agents for it I Set ; Brass and ron 8 Safety ana Jack Chain; G t Ni Javed and Bronze Trimmings o} al Brooklyn Brass & Copper Co., on patented articles, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and Dealers in WATERBUK 1, vvnn. NEW YORE, BOSTON, MANUFACTURERS’ AGENT, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Representing in the Dominion of Canada several American Manufacturers, is ready to accept further Ageucivs, Satisfactory references. Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, prom A ti 5 ld ' WORKS ROEBLINC’S rea, Seer 2 Se Seoiele ’ anane, New York Office | a a ame Seal EE TRENTON, ai - Warehouse PA 5 5 A IC LINC C 0 ‘ N. J. ; 117 Liberty Street. Pu re Spelter FOR Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK. Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, 113 Liberty Street, N. Y. Geo. W. Prentiss & Co., OLYOKE, MASS., MANUVACTURERS OF THE JOHN A, ROEBLING'S SONS CO, WIRE ROPE|. or Iron, Steel and Copper roR Iron and Stee] WIRE Telegraph Wire, Market Wire, Vineyard Wire. Hotlsting Purposes of all Kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Ship Rigging, Sash Cords, Lightning Rods, &¢., &c. Suspension Bridge Cables. Market Wire, Fence Wire Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Rivet Wire, &c., &c, GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. BRODERICK & BASCOM, MANUT "ACTTRERS OF IRON WIRE ROPE, ( 728 N, Main St., Bright, Coppered, Annealed ‘and Tin Plated. Also GUN SCREW WIRE Of all sizes straightened and cut to order. The Schoenberg Metal Mfg. Co., Manufacturers of and Dealers in SOLDER, TYPE, Stereotype, Electrotype and Babbitt Metal Importers of Block Tin, antimony, & ft Lead, Spelter. &o. Highest rice o pela for rid Mer 8 4 all ance of Dross. 52 $30 Bact 20th treet, between Avenues A & “2, New LHE IRON AGE. Holmes, Booth & Haydens, July 7, 1881. SB ive, etc. if ) PHILIP L MOEN, President ar 4 Treasurer. CHAS. F. WASHBURN, Vice President & Secretary WASHBURN & MOEN MANUFACTURING 00. oun" istablished 1831. sacnaliain as —_ MANUFACTURERS OF IRON and STEEL. WiRG, WAREHOUSE, 21 Clif Street, New York, Chicago Warehouse, 107 La HOWARD & MORSEH, Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York, MANUFACTURERS OF ae COPPER AND IRON WIRE CLOTH, ‘No. 18 Mesh, No. 25 Wire, No. Sak ‘No. 21 Wire. Pn 16 Mosh, No. 23 Wire. 4PPAM RK HEWITT. President, JAMES HALL, Treasurer. WM. HEWITT, Vice President. F. HANSON, Secretary. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, (INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, N. J., Manufacturers of IRONand STEEL WIRE OF ALL GRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED; Iron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths, Sli pom York Office, COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 17 Burli . o t. hiledelphia Office, JOHN HEWITT, Agent, 21 North IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &c. CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND. Address, HAZARD MFG. CO.. Wilkesharre, Luzerne Co., Pa. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germany. PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables. SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, Flusseisen, Swedish and German Charcoal Wire. GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE of Charcoa] and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and in long lengths. GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, ens ply Ginné, Staples, &c. Annealed re Oled Fencing | round and WIRE ROFPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. TELEGRAPH CABLES. _ Contractors to the German and Foreign eocenment. The oldest pause in the braueb on the Con tinent. Velegraph Address, CAKLSWERK, COLOGNE General Agents for U. 8. and Ganade, PERKINS & CHOATE, 23 Nassau St, N.Y. . A. LESCHEN ct Son, / Pat Mee om Manufacturers of OF BEVERY DESCRIP LION. 919 to 923 N. Main St., ST, LOUIS, MO, Correspondence invited, July 7, 1881. THE IRON AGE: 3 — gs on top for con- Into one of these having a cavity wall, aud is kept An iron band embracing a hole may be drilled in the its con- A shelf atthe back end with or above the { nN SSS Sessa i: a ee ee ee g a if < 3 Sy * reached by other careful experimenters. A/|covers, having the lu 0 LINDEMANN Manufacturers of careful perusal and study of all the original | venience of removal. , . STEEL WIRE forall ourposes and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. memoirs might reveal some cause for giving | crucibles one, two or four balls ean be put ; g CO Pee ems — decided preference to one or another set of | say one composite and one platinum, or two ’ ‘9 m . eS determinations ; but these memoirs were | composite and two platinum, and all heated ’ cietiideean an # a not accessible to me, and time for so labori- together. A fire-brick, aietnalt = ca ous an investigation could not be spared. I | formed in its upper side to receive a cru =F - Bs therefore plotted all the results, 35 in num- | cible, lies on the bridge r Japanned, Brass & 2s = ber, cn a vertical scale of 1009 inches to | constantly at about the temperature of the in Plated @ 8 Na unity (or the specific heat of water of maxi- | fire at that point. Tin Plate ¥: = . deaiaiiees 3 fi ze -¥- mum density), so that the fifth place of | this fire-brick, with a handle for pulling it SS S = decimals was legibly expressed, and drew a; out and pushing it in, lies on the bridge wall, e SS S curve such as should, in my judgment, best | its handle extending through a small door on S ea represent the probable mean. This curve the side of the boiler-setting opposite the AGES — = was a straight line (sensibly), parallel to the bridge wall—or, 2 S ‘ R Hl base ; that is, the specific heat of platinum | brick near the end, into which a bent poker RS a appears to be constant at all temperatures | may be inserted to withdraw and replace it Catalogues furnished > i = up to about 2000° F. (say 1093° C.), and to | —and, of course, the crucible and to the trade. an. Tm ae on 5 be 0 03333, equal to 1-30 of that of water. | tents along with it. i 254 Pearl St., Market Steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and coveted. poy ~— = i a cae oak Cobia | - A ee itl a level i ila = L i Clow ne ig poi P c 8 riage wail, withac rrespon ing stinali door, NEW YORK. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. said by practical workers in it to be at or| hollowed with fire-brick and handle, afford ‘ 234, 936 and 288 West 29th Street, ~ ° e - . NEW YORK, L , affords above 4000° F., (say 2204” C.), it seems not improbable that its specific heat is, at tem- peratures under 2000° F., sensibly constant, and not widely different at even 2500° F. 1371° C. This valuable quality, which is shared in an equal degree, so far as known, by no STANDARD PADLOCKS. Six Sizes, with and without Chain, BRONZE AND NICKEL PLATED. Cireulars and Prices on Application. YALE LOCK MANFC. CO., STAMFORD, CONN.; NEW YORK, PHILADA., BOSTON AND CHICAGO. BROWN & BROTHERS, Waterbury, Conn. i ’ Vv i yy vai This Advertisement is Changed Every Week. D. J, MORRELL, Chairman, GAUTIER STEEL CO., LIMITED. SD EEL. WIRE AND SPRINCS. W. S, ROBINSON, Treasurer. P. E. CHAPIN, Gen’! Supt. 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Manufacturers of BRASS, COPPER AND GERMAN SILVER, In Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, Rivets and Burs, Etc. ALSO. Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 Ibs. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. Fig. 1.—Pyrometer. other substance, renders platinum indispens- able for determining the thermo-convectivity of other substances. But for actual use, the high cost and low heat capacity of platinum almost unfit it. After a careful considera- tion of all available substances, I selected wrought iron as best suited to my purpose. But wrought iron, at the high temperatures I expect to encounter, would be so nearly fused as to be soft, plastic, sticky and dif- ficult to handle. It would also oxidize so rapidly as to require very frequent renewals, waking it, work on it taken into account, little less costly than platinum. I therefore resolved to procure wrought iron balls, coated with a firm capsule of platinum. The size and weight fixed on were : } PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED ro ee ea : a Grains. r i ic n, o &8-inch-diameter, weighing ‘ oo F SILVEK-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in Platinum, o.93-inch diameter, 0.05-inch thick.. 700 designs. Sample of our Toe Caik Steel, showing one end bent over and flattened down cold; a Total weight of Fe+Pi=. anh GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. The probable specific heat of wrought iron piece of iron solidly welded to the steel wita the use of saad only, and the other end was arrived at in the same manner as was | trust to equal facility for taking temperatures just before the gases enter the flues, simulta neously with those taken at the bridge wall. The crucible and its cover serve to diminish, in a notable degree, the loss of heat during transfer of the hot balls from the fire to the vessel ; and this if sensible, can be | closely approximated to by observation and | experiment. loss, THERMOMETERS. Inflren-«d, perhaps, by prejudice, but not, methinks, without reason, I fixed on the Fahrenheit scale as, on the whole, the most }convenient. The instruments selected are, |for the central vessel and the surrounding |compartments, 12 inches long, graduated | from 20 to 120 degrees, which gives % inch | toa degree, and admits of easy estimation lof tenths of a degree. The thermometers |for use in the compartments of the cover |are 6 inches long, similarly graduated, but, |of course, with only about half as much | space to each degree. All these thermome | ters should be very carefully tested, both before and after using, and their errors noted. They are, however, used simply as |mercurial thermometers, no attempt being made to reduce their indications to those of an air thermometer. When this paper was begun, [ had full expectation of so early a completion of the instruments herein de- | scribed as to admit of a full experimental | trial of them, and a synopsis of results ob- | tained by their use. But it is now apparent |that they can only be completed, at the | earliest, in season tu take them to the meet- ling on the 4th of May, for exhibition, and there is danger of disappointment in that. I | have also in construction a large calorimeter for testing the dryness of steam, which is so incomplete that I will here undertake no de- scription of it. On a subsequent occasion I have something to communicate | which I hope may prove of interest to the society, on the actual use of the pyrometer herein described, on the construction and use of my larger calorimeter, and on the as itis possible to make them so. By ex- changing these vessels, and making numer- ous comparisons, it seems to me possible to reach pretty trustworthy results as to the specific heat of wrought iron up to its melt- ing point, and beyond. and Japanned BIRD CAGES. Can be nested for ex- | Established 1810, N.&G, TAYLOR GO,, mic ae For a first eppremimation. we have o.t pound (avordupois) Fe of specific heat = 0,166 = say.. 16¢ mS sae o.1 pound Pi of specific heat say 1033 NEW YORK. 0200 Combined calorific value — Largest variety in patterns aud unsurpassed in which is 0.01 of the 2 pounds of water, in low prices. New llustrated Catalogues éad Price cluding the equivalent of the metal of the Lists on application. Schenectady Molding Sand Co. ALBANY AND SCHENECTADY MOLDING SAND on cars or boats at low rates. All grades —- All orders will receive prompt atten- dress, J. G. GREENE, Sec., on. 26 . 22 Wall St., ScHENECTADY, N. Y. G. 8. Vexper, Pres; J. G. GREENE, Sec. and Treas. The Morris Sash | Lock Mfg, Co., The Morsis Sash Lock, Pat. Combined Sash Lift & Lock, Pat. Self-Loeking Shutter Bar, And specialties in Builders’ Hardware. 214 and 216 ELM STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO, U. 8. A PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in ODD AND REGULAR SIZES TIN AND ROOFING PLATES, Black and Galvanized Sheet Iron, Metals, Wire, Copper, Stamped Ware, Hegisters, 4c. vessel we are dealing with Our scale will, therefore, be 100 degrees to 1 degree—i. e., each degree gained by the water and vessel will be balanced by 100 degrees lost by the composite ball. By using ‘| two such balls the scale becomes 50 degrees to 1degeee. If the actual specific beat of the wrought iron is found to require correc- tion, as is not unlikely, a corresponding cor rection can be made in the quantity of water —preserving the relations of 100 degrees to 1 degree for a single ball, and 50 degrees to 1 degree for two balls. The method fixed on for heating and trans- rting these balls is as follows : A number of blacklead crucibles were procured, of the size known as No. 1, 3 inches deep, 2 inches diameter at top, and about 14 inches diam- WOOD, JENNISON & CO., Manufacturers of SHAFTING, PULLEYS AND HANGERS—A Specialty, Also, Woo@’s Patent Bolt Threading Machine. Worcester. Mass. . eter at bottom, inside ; provided with good POPE COLE & Co. hammered to an edge, and then hardened sufficiently to cut glass. Similar samples can that of platinum, but less satisfactorily, on | experiments in coal burning, for which 3 be made by any blacksmith from our Toe Calk Steel, or seen at account of the close proximity of its melting | these instruments were designed and con- point, and the consequent rapid rise of its | structed. IMORE WoORKs, - my wee. beat. At BMP irda Reh AB dE: What anere is in Australian Trade. . atures in the vicinity of 2000° to 2500" F., . — JOHNSTOW N, PENN, (1093° to 1371° C.) is about 0.166, say 1-6th The San Franciseo Bulletin makes the fol- p ? - x WORKS that of water and five , times that of y wg - on - ee » Phi latinum. There can be little doubt that | dition of Australia’s foreign trade and the j Eastern Warehouse, 81 John St, N.Y. : Philada, Warehouse, 905 Commerce St it is even higher at the highest temperature | chances offered for increasing our proportion above mentioned, and if actually melted, its | of it : No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., wn latent heat would be an unknown quantity,| The aaa of Auteeiia is _ ee = robably quite large. tensive than is generally supposed. e im- eee ee ee = ? I aaeiees cieees to determine the| ports into all the colonies during the year INGOT COPPER, ann a actual thermic value of my composite balls | 1878—the latest year of which we have sta- Also Cakes, of unequaled purity and toughness. Lod s 7 = Sa 7 Albany Sand a Specialt ——— rf | | fy IRON ROOF CRESTING, SS : Let ‘ | | | 170 tania — EATHER VANES <r oP | | Ww : 16¢ 4 \_ | Tower Ornaments, &. ‘ | a | Also, ea f weet ‘| ~ | | ld = ' 160 —— T ees - eae = quem | Wrought lron Fence, | ax ; | a | | | or Becldapees, Ooms 1679 Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. ee aioe. Houses, Cemetery = K | ~ | | | Lots, &c. 130°}. a fe at | —omment : D RON SIUTIERS, ce. INTENEAD BROS ON WEEE ete, | wot Peel rt + . “9 120° ——-+ + an} + a nen! ao WINDOW GUARDS, _|&& AMERICAN FACING CO. New York. | eee ee ee] a am | 110° eciacishGoaeieae tena I cal Neel | ili Tee a eT cent ae Reiseny Selng, Oe J. 4. EMERICK. HOWARD EVANS. 0° ca nt! Parties wanting work in $00" bonny oe | | = -F.F. this line will be furnished ; - | | | | | : = 9°} I, } } | tae Se a Manufactured by 8 . ° | | ten | 80+ —_——__ +} $$$ $$ $+ oo $$$ t____—_—_}§-__ —__-} | | ° , E.T. Barnum’s lron 1056 & 1076 Beach Street, | | | | /| | | | | | | | 4 ~ PHILADELPHIA tg a and Wire Works, | ADE ; rr a a ! da ah) * ’ Detroit, | Mich. *MANFRS’ FOUNDRY FACINGS, i ) ; G £ h And Dealers in and shippers of all descriptions — 7 ° u nt er i Fe and Pl) by actual comparison with | tistics—amounted to the heavy sum of $245 , MOLDING SANDS and Foundry Supplies. Semen heated in the same crucible, ex- 628,000, and the exports to $214,803,000, Manatactaner of posed to the same fire and cooled in calori-| showing a balance against them of nearly Patented Brass, Silver Plated meters exactly alike in all respects, as far | $31,000,000. Of this trade we did but a Our experts to Australia in small portion. the vear stated amounted to $6,800,000 and imports to $1,185,000. The exports of Eng- land for the same period reached $104,601,- ooo, An examination of the Custom House reports shows that we are competing in the Australian markets with every article Eng- land sends thera, with the exception of eight —that is to say, alkali, of which Australia imports $194,000 worth; linen and jute goods, $2,415,000; oil cloth, $460,000 ; silk goods, $1,895,000; telegraph wire and ap- paratus, $275,000; umbrellas and parasols, $356,000; bags and sacks, $360,000, and slates, $190,000. In some of these articles we are not™yet able to compete. Ireland has a monopoly of linen goods. Stones and slates we are not ina position to supply. But since the date of these statistics considerable progress has been made in silk and cloth. Ia every other article we are competing, though it must be admitted a long way behind. Of wearing apparel, Australia imported $8,102,000 in the year under consideration from England. We sold it $15,179 worth. It would seem that this is an item which might be largely expanded. We are manufacturing an extensive line of tweeds aud cloths of the lower grades which are quite as good, if not better, than those made in England. There is, of course, a national prejudice in favor of the article THE TRON AGE. July 7, 1881, 4. 7 Ero. oq Fra. | ron. ¥ron. . | Fron, — gee tai \————7xew Yo w YORK. _—*|__ NEW YORK. PITTSBURGH. _ a A. B, Waruor & Son, JOHN W. QUINCY & CD. | IRON MERGHANTS, Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, A ro n A ni d Siee | | | 28 ce 29 West and 52 Washineton he | Wrought Scrap, Cut Nails, Copper, Of every description kept in stock. | BOILER PLATE BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER, ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &e. 3 Agents for ark Hote, oe ean eo ene curas’ tren, HARBISON & GILLOON BLACK DIAMOND STEEL. ' Boller and Tank Rivets. All cise s of Cast and Machinery Steel constantly Sole Agents for the celebrated IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 558, 560, 562 WATER 8T., and 302, 904, 306 CHERRY 8T., — -—/“Eureka,” — Pennocks, Soe PIERSON & CO, |-Wawasset,” Lukens, | aisezs enticing | Wro OGDEN & WALLACE, 85,87, 89 & ¥1 Elim St,, New York. W. D. WOOD & CO,’S SNOW SHOES | | \N ROADSTER @ PATTERN, | PATENT Planished Sheet Iron. | : : Patented March itqh. 1865 ; April 8th, 1878 ; STEEL TOE CALKS. Sept. 9th, 1873; Uct. 6th, 1874; Jan, 11, 1876. Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the Ex tra Quality Homogeneous Steel IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON ht Iron; also old Copper, Composition, Brass, 90 Brands of Iron. Alsoall descriptions of Pilate, Sheet, | Lead Pewter, dine. &c. ve _ £stablished 17 § and Gasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive Iron. Fire Box Iron a specialty. 0X F 0 R D | R 0 N Cc 0., ROME MERCHANT. IRON MILLS, (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) ROME NEW YORK CITY, Manv ddecmierae it grade of Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops. c ut N a : ; crolls, Ov als, Laer vals, Halt mounés, Hexagon and Ho rse Shoe ir Also fr o Charcoal F ig a@ superior quality of irom branded J.G@. All pudd ed balls re ip d uced by hammer. Orders may be sent to the Millor to J. 0. CAR yERTER, our Agent, at 59 Johu | Street, New York | Pr | i EE o 24 & 26 Broadway, 77 & 79 New St. by all the principal METAL DEALERS | STEEL PLATES, ail descriptions. All Sizes and Shapes kept in Stock, o | In the Large citles throughout | Cut Nails and Spikes, Plate and Sheet ‘ ABEEL BR OT HER S, - TIN a be r i made. ie “wee ‘SHOENBERGER 00, ase Established 176; by ABEEL & BYVA? t pon! meeTITEa 13 trite iS ____wewryork. __| Ill Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. BEYSTORE AGL Lis Roce Iron Merchan S, IRON AND STEELRAILS,OLD RAILS, ~BURDEN’S Rae ee tener eene ene a Mi. 190 South Street and 365 RON Pra eee Cc. KANE, WILLIAMS, LONG & McDOWELL TE R j | Manufacturers of ULS1 of all sizés constantly on hand. } OLD RAILS, SCRAP IRON, STEEL, IT FR. @ ) TAY * Refined Iron, gy, DRUM Mo | 2} PIC IRON, BLOOMS, (Pittsburgh, - - - Pa. orse-Shoe Iron, AND ORE. 7% —— {. riitibener ne. Portsmouth Iron and Steel Co., Successors to GAYLORD ROLLING MILL Co., we —_ Prest. SamL. Baliey, Jr., Secy. Manufacturers of *. B. Laueuin, Vice-Prest. W.a. 8 ; ‘ ow pws Sean Siemens-Martin (Open Hearth) Common Iron, Vv, Band, Hoop_and Scroll fron, ce Brokers in © Sheet Iron, o | we Geen IRON, “Burden Best” Cast, Spring and:Tire ) Steel, ete. “A. R. WHITNEY. | TIN PLATES UNION STORAGE CO A. sieneteebener of and Dealer in RECEIVE ON | STEEL BOILER PLATE, TERONT _2.METALS TOM foresee waar” ara ON and Steel Tire. . y ‘f Al H Our specialty is in G8 Wall St., New York. P1G LRON, BLOOMS, INGOTS, | Megena Bi. Hoop ‘and Sheet vou. iets, Manufacturi Iron Used in the Con- MITE e . MUCK B: AR, RAILS, &c. oe aie a rk: . (struction of tire Proof Buildings, JAMES WILLIAMSON & cO., iS | Rivets caren — to establishment of PORTSMOU’ 71 me es 7 ° 8 solici ’ Agent for SCOTCH AND AMERICAN 0 er General Office, PITTSBURGH, PA. —_| Pres’t and Gow! Sup’t. ‘Goo'y and Pra Onrnegte Bros. & Co., Limited, Pittsburgh, Pa. Wrought Iron Beams and Channel Iron. siesta “> i G i R oO N ee ote trinion > | The Burden Iron Company Naylor & Co., Boston, Mass., Homogeneous . : UV pteet PF lates and Compressed Stecl No. 69 Wall St., New York. vay Sable lron and Nail Works. __ ZUC & CO. Manufacturers of the Celebrated Plates Roliea*ts’ fou ancnes. ey = on Plans and estimates furnished, and contracts U iS T E 3 i p 0 N wo R ¥ § |- — , made for erecting Iron Structures of every descr ip tion. Books containing cuts of all Iron made sent U f \ T lication by mail. ™ "Sauple ieces at office. Please address MN ee som Street, New York. 90 Broadway, New Yori. AND BURDEN’S “BORDEN & LOVELL, /Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co HB. & S. Bar Iron. Commission Merchants CARMICHAEL & EMMENS , Se: ae 130, 132 & 134 Cedar St., New York, DEALERS 1 |American & English Refined Iron. a : a & —— \. IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE. All sizes and shapes In stock a el ae wnt guen eaters EGLESTON BROS, & CO.., Fall River tron Cos Nails, | =*emnteintaltearsr= | 466 Soh NEW YORK CITY, % pinen, ages eee eek an 6 $0, Glengarnock and Carnbroe|, ini ; IRONS, | Se Gumbertand Coal” | et tcrccmiatemn im | SBOTCH PIG IRON, q g al | WILLIAM, WALLACE & CO, | Shue tt Bae Pap IRON MERCHANTS p/h er in Machinery & Iron forse nts oat y Cor. Albany & Washington Sts., Agent for | JAMES LEE & CO., NEW YORK CITY. FORSTER’S CRUSHER & PULVERIZER, | The best in market. | Sole Agents for the United States, Office and Works, Wa. BisPuaM. | . B. Wassses. W.S. MEDDLETON, 62 John St., N. ¥. 72 Pine Street, Ne a ’ a bs w York. 2 x J UDSON a DEB OnD BATESZ DES B. Fr. JUDSON: (4, LISSBERGER, BATES &DesparD| PITTSBURGH, PA. SCOTCH AND AMERICAN | IRON & METAL DEALER, ano” LLB CHBURG IRON WORKS tr azd s:9 to sa9 East roth St., New York, a ‘ RPisg Iron | oat 2. and offer f rps the following: STE, Ane GON SAAS, SNe DNee KIRKPATRICK & CO., scot ar < Aperee as ar Wi, sake. —_ 3 ‘as ‘ anufacturers of a@ Trades 0! . Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, | fis Nvisighe ia oth Copper Chai | SCRAP MON OLD Manse Cutie] BIINE SHnnT TRONS, 0 L D M E TA L S lon, Br ad, Pewter, Zinc, &€. America, orf. nh Fnelish ports (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, ac)” . ATU DANIEL W. RICHARDS & CO.,, OFFIOR, No, 143 First Avery Puteburghy Pa WORKS, Leechburg, Pa. 457 & 459 Water St.,| = NEW YORK. FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC aaa 233 «256 2358 south St.. 5 _pantay Fr. cosy... SCRAP IRON, STEEL, RAILS AND METALS, na (Late of and Suce »Jas. WH. —- ss waskingten St., Yards =. Office, 88 to . Mangin St., NEW YORK. BOILER TES HL IRON, | bus. w. memo wonton B. Susre srt ng yO at oe, PASSAIC ROLLING MILL Co, , , mm Works for Pottstown Lron ¢ duc vt Hoc baDOD l M P | Works Li ure ‘| Iron Manufacture and bave always in stock ine be Bergen cling Mills at Jersey City, Olas Fe O L LED IRON B EAM S, els, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forg- SWEDISH IRON. ings, Eye Bara, &c. 7 F. FULLARTON, PATERSON, N. .J. Bennett Building, NEW YORK, _Room 45, Astor House, New York, i tanec CUT NAILS Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. = FULLER BROTHERS &CO., Powerville Rolling Mill, SHOE IRON HORSE SHO = 139 Grecnwich Street, New York. JOHN LEONAED, 450 West St., WY, ¥. MARSHALL LEFFERTS & CO, MARSHALL IRON CO.., 90 Beekman St., New York City, Manufacturers of Best Charcoal Bloom, Best Refined & Common MANUFACTURER AND DEALER. ; SHEET IRON. Galvanized Sheet lron, pe ae New port, Delaware. Ist and 2d Qualities. Agency of Galvanized Wire, Tel hand F Galvanized op and Band iron, Galvanized Kod and Bar rou, | N. M. HOGLUND’S SONS & CO., Stockholm. Swedish & Norway lron — Nails, Galvanize< i Chain, Galvanized Iron of every y Geseriptte ck on hand at Bost« or ork an Philadelphia. “CORRUGATED SHEET IRON on hand at Bos For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted | ity Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common GUSTAF LUNDBERG, 33 Kilby st., Boston. ALBERT POTTS, Philadelphia Agent, 234 & 236 N. SHE ET IRON. Front Street. Plate and ‘Pank Tron, | COMBINATION STEEL & IRON CO., > H No. C H No. 1 Flange, Best Flange CHESTER, PA. Bost Runs Fire Box, Circles. We are now pre pared to manufactyre the COM BOILER IRON BINATION RAIL‘ ler Wheele Stamped and Guaranteed. | Gets alae ee em, All descriptions of Iron Work Galvanized or | New York Office, 82 JOHN 8T. Tipned to order Price list ona | quotations sent upon application. | O, 4. WEED, General Manager, “sor sace, BOILER PLATE nen July 7, 1881. RVO. xron. PHIT, ADELPHIA, PHILADELPHIA. Siemens’ Regenerative! _ HENRY LEVIS & C0. na Manufacturers’ Agents 6 A § FURN A CE. For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and 5 Sheet wane — Railway RICHMOND & POTTS, Old Rails, Axles, and Theels bought and sold. 119 8, Fourth St.. PHILADELPHIA, PA. | 234 8. 4th b Bes Phtlodelphte. Ha sing enjoyed for over TWENTY-FIVE YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality -" RAILS, have now an annual capacity of 150,000 Tons of Iron and Steel Rails, Splice Bars, &c, ADDRESS, CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, { No, 218 South 4th Street, Philadelphia. Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. Or LENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Pine St., N. ¥. THE PHCENIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and all kinds of Lron Framing used tn the conatveatian of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, : and bullt up shapes for Iron Bridges. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variety of SHAPE IRON made to order. afin Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty Street. ROSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymarch St. “ALAN WOOD & CO. MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planieshed, Galvanized, Common, Beat Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom PLATE c« SHEET IRON. No. 519 Arch 8St., Philadelphia, Pa. ecially for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Tipe, Smoke Stack, st, Stamping, Ferruie, Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Tron. Orders solicited on Ee Tank and Boat Iron; La DS PENCOYD IRON WORKS. A. & P. ROBERTS & CO., Manufacturers of CAR AXLES. = BAR, ANGLE, TEE AND CHANNEL IRON. Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. JAS. ROWLAND & C0., Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, 920 North Delaware Ave., - - PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers or: the Anvil Brand Refined Merchant Bar Iron, Also. the James Rowland & Co. Kensington Nails, cut from their Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel, Rounds, Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop Iron. Correspondence with Dealers solicited. I _ Office, No, 265 S, Fourth St., Philadelphia, ee ee MANUFACTURERS OF FOUNDRY FACINCS. AND FOUNDRY SUPPLIES. MOULDING SAND SPECIALTY. Albany, te Tullytown and Lumberton Sands, ——a— GERMAN LEAD, BITUMEN, SIEVES, MACHINFRY SAND, AMERICAN LEAD, ANTHRACITE, SHOVELS, BEASS SAND, RRUSHES, CRUCIBLES, CHANDELIER SAND, STOVE PLATE SAND, PLUMBAGO, CHARCOAL, STOVE PLATE, WEEINERAL, J. W. PAYSON & CO,,!5+« ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILL COMPANY, Manufacturers of Office and Stor-room: , 516 and 518 each St... PHILADELVHIA, PA. Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. General Office, 227 South Third St., Philadelphia Works at Allentown, Pa JAMES C. BOOTH. THOMAS H, GARRETT. ANDREW A. BLAIR. BOOTH, CARRETT & BLAIR, Analytical and Consulting Chemists, 919 and 921 Chant St. (10th St. above Chestnut St.), PHILADELPHIA, PA. established in 1836. Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys of all kinds, ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, fitted with all the apparatus and appliances for the rapid and accurate analysis of Iron Steel, Iron Ores. Slags, Limestones. Coals, Clays, Fue Sands. Sc. Agents for sampling ores in New York and Baltimore. Price lists on application. A special department for the ieee ebnaigsiitinnn-‘eemmmcenepiometaasiipanrnniaincannaiainamammemagesenininetenaeieningeeeinminitieit xron. Edward J. Etting, TRON BROKER anp COMMISSION MERCHANT, 230 8. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pig, Bar and Railroad Iron. OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &o. Agent for the MOUNT SAVAGE FIRE BRICK, The Allentown Iron Co, and The Coleraine Furnaces, STORAGE WHARF AND YARD DELAWARE AVENUE ABOVE CALLOWHILL Sree, connected by track with railroad. Cash advances made on Iron. |o- Wesley | Pullman, 407 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Exclusive SALES AGENT Chester Iron Co.'s Blue, Red and Hor, ORES. Also celebrated *¢ Brotherton 9 Ore, D. W. R. READ. T. HORAC EB BROWN, D.W.R.READ & CO., Dealers and Commission Merchants In ORES, METALS, &c. Native sy Foreign Iron, Dawu and other Ores, 205%; Walnut St.. PHILADELPRIA., Office in New York, 142 Pearl at, J. O. RICHARDSON, IRON COMMISSION MERCHANT, | No. 232 Dock St., Philadelphia. Pig Iron, Railroad Iron Iron Ores. Sole Agent for the MONOCACY FURNACE CO, DEALER IN MOSELEM, ROCKHILL, WARWICK And other Favorite Brands. SILVER GREY IRON A SPECIALTY, _ J. W. HOFFMAN & Us... Iron Merchants & Railway Equipments. 208 South Fourth St., Philadelphia. Bole agente Gtesgee | [ron Co. and Pine manufacturers of Muck Bar and all ades of t ° Iron. Celebrated ** Glasgow ” and Pines brands for fire boxes and dificult flanging. Pig and Bar tron, Rails and all shapes in Iron Quotations given on Bridge and Building Specifications WROUCHT IRON _ Boiler Tubes, Steam, Gas and Water Pine. Oil Well Tubing, Casing and LINE PIPE. Sotton and Iron Works ROLLING MILL AND General Machinery. READING IRON WORKS, 261 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia, G. A. HEBERTON. 8. PRANK S!ARPLESS. HE BERTON & 9. Selling Agents and Commission Merchants For the sale of Pig, Bloom, Plate, Bar, Scrap, Galvantzu i, Black, Sheet, Pipeand Railroad IRON. No. 334 Walnut St., Charcoal Bloom and Pig a specialty. IRON. SCRAP OF ALL KINDS A SPECIALTY. Firet Qanlity Muck Bars. SHIMER & CO., Late of and successors to W. HUTTON & CO., 250 S. Third St., Philadelphia. J. J. MOHR, Iron Jommission Merchant, 430 Walnut Street, Phila. No. Piitladelphia, Sole Agent for the Sheridan and Leesport Furnaces A. PU