The Iron Age 1881-06-30: Vol 27 Iss 26

RRR mae ae -peww a ze an cesses liaise sities The Iron Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. Vol. XXVIII: No. 26. The Woods Endless Bed Double Surfacer. ingots, it is likely that our customs officers will take quite a different view of the mat- ter. $$$ a. Among the improved woodworking ma- chines brought out recently is the one shown in the accompanying illustration, The New Cape Henry Lighthouse. The Philadelphia Record says: A struc- New York, Thursday, June 30, 1881. shops, and, having been finally passed by the inspectors, they are now being taken apart and packed in boxes. The work of erec- | tion, which it is calculated will occupy a | 82°50 a Year, Including Postage. Single Copies, Zen Cen?ds. + terprise. As the Supreme Court will not | The oldest concern in this line is the meet again until September, there is more | Reading Hardware Company, which at pres delay than was anticipated, but the con-| ent gives direct employment to about 600 hands. tracts have been made with Joseph Patter- | year, will be done by government workmen, | son, of Baltimore, for three sections, compris- | the firm sending three expert employees as | ing 7059 feet, or about 1% miles, and agrees | overseers. In addition to their general line of hardware goods they have recently added to their specialties a tobacco cutter with slicing knife, which already commands an from which the details of several useful fea- tures can be gathered. It is described as an endless or lag-bed double surfacer. Lag- feed planers have always been preferred for doing rapid or heavy surfacing, on account of their strong and sure feed. With the in- troduction of the combination chip breaker, peculiar to the machines made by the S. A. 7 i f this city, who Woods Machine Company, o 7 | ing day during that period. manufacture the surfacer we are describing, it became possible to do really fine as well as rapid work—a fact which greatly en- hanced the value of machines of this char- acter. The present machine was gotten up in an effort to keep pace with the needs of ture which, when erected, will, in the opin- ion of government experts, be the finest and strongest lighthouse in the worid is now being shipped in sections from the down- town iron works of Messrs. Morris & Tasker. It has been in process of construction for 18 months, and has required the labor of an average of 40 men per day for every work- The design was drafted in the Treasury Department at Washington, by experts who had previously visited most of the leading lighthouses of iscsi conga American Plate Glass. We have several times referred to the growing importance of the plate glass in- dustries in this country. After a little more | than ten years of trial, and, for a consider- able part of the time, of discouragements, | to complete the whole in two years from the |day he is notified to begin work. | spacious apartments, brilliant electric lights our manufacturers are rapidly getting intoa position where they will be able to supply the demand of the country for this article. The plate glass works at present built are in England and the Continent for the purpose | Berkshire County, Mass.; New Albany and of gaining experience and new ideas, and so | Jeffersonville, Ind.; Louisville, Ky., and | 7 omething | desirous has been the department that the woodworkers, and to produce s 4 plans should be carefully followed, that every es ° : th shin which if possible should surpass the mackie | week or ten days for the last year and a half | Crystal City, near St. Louis. A new estab- | lishment is building near Pittsburgh, and it | | is rumored that the Louisville works will be In the lower wards, from the Battery upward, the work will be done mainly by mining and driving the tunnel, without breaking the surface. Col. Vanderburgh is quite enthusi- astic in describing the future great under- ground thoroughfare, with its marble floors, extraordinarily large sale. They have also introduced a self-measuring faucet, for which they claim some features of unusual merit. Another recent addition is a full line of stationers’ hardware, and the manu- facture of steel bearing scales, all of which are meeting with considerable favor. Their line of locks, knobs, flower-pot brackets, cast butts, registers, &c., are well known at home and abroad. Their apple parers are of five different patterns and have always had an enormous sale, which is expected to be larger than ever this year. ‘The general business of the company shows a material and handsome passenger coaches rushing hither and thither, under the power of com- pressed air. When reminded of the designs | of hostile companies, the officers do not dis- pute the right of their opponents to go as deep into the earth as they see fit, only tak- ing heed how they encroach on rights which antedate all others. Means for prosecuting the work to a successful termination are increase on any previous season, and to give facilities for the manufacture of the new formerly made by | a ’ yoods alluded to, Ww 2 orse-power of the same general class fo Y : the progress of the work has been critically | removed to a point near Pittsburgh and con- goods alluded to, a new 200-horse-powe! this company. We will briefly notice some of the points to which the manufacturers refer as being among the superior devices in this machine. The carrying-out feed rolls are 6% inches in diameter. They take the lumber after it leaves the traveling bed, and | carry it over the under cylinder’ and com- pletely through the machine without any pulling or pushing by hand, thus avoiding the necessity of the operator following oue board immediately after another, or squaring up the boards having 1r- regular ends. Each board takes care of itself. These rolls are strongly geared with expansion gears, and al- ways travel at a speed uniform with that of the bed. The top roll and con- nections swing around easily, thus giv- ing free access to the under cylinder for sharpening and adjusting the knives. The top cylinder is heavily steel faced, and carries three knives. The under cylinder is driven from a short counter on the floor, thus doing away with the necessity of binders or idlers. It can also be driven from above when necesssary. The front pressure roll is in two sections, which isa feature of great importance. It allows two boards of different thick- nesses to be planed at the same time. There is no halting of the thin board while the thicker one receives the pressure. The combiuation chip break - er and shaving guard, already referred to, is applied in sections, to correspond with the pressure roll, thus effectually preventing the tearing or splitting of cross-grained lumber, and allowing work to b> done very rapidly, and in the best manner. There are a number of other valuable points in this ma- chine, but space forbids a more ex- tended description. The machine is thoroughly built, is heavy and strong in all its parts, and is carefully tested at the manufactcry before being ship- ped. It planes 27 or 30 inches wide and 10 inches thick. The total weight is §550 pounds, ca eanenaeellienae : the Manufacture of Wire ia Westphalia, Germany.—It appears that the manufacture of wire exited in the vicinity of Altena, Liidenscbeid and Iserlohn, Westphalia, Germany, as early as the close of the fifteentn century. When Altena was burned down in 1518, the Duke of Cleve, in or- der to assist in building up the town, ordered that no wire drawers leave the city | feet and at the top of 16 feet. T. in order to work at other places. Similar pro- | 8ix stories, above which are a service room, | hardware watch room, lantern room and finally the |no one, unless he is uninformed, does so/|of iron goods of various kinds are large and Its total weight is 1,700,000 pounds, | now, and the same is rapidly becoming true | increasing. visions were in force in 1662, when the right to make or manufacture wire was hereditary, and every wire drawer was forced to swear that he would not employ or teach the trade to any outsider, At that time the bar iron was first hammered to small rods, which were then drawn. It was only in the begin- ning of the present century that rolling mills were introduced. They were driven by water-power, but not at a speed exceeding 140 to 180 revolutions. The trains were three-high, and had three sets of rolls, the first roughing set having gothic grooves, the | second oval and the third round grooves. The finest wire rolled was 0.28 inch in diam- | eter. It is stated that the production of such a train was not more than I ton per | day. About 30 years ago the modern fast- running trains were introduced, the first | i | planed, four planers having been kept run- one, built by Kissing & Schmile, at Réding- hausen, being run by water-power at a rate of 300 to 320 revolutions per minute. The production rose to 3 to 4 tons per day. A wooden train at Creuathal has a 190-horse- power steam engine and runs at 500 revolu- tions, and seven sets of rolls. It rolls 1.9 to 2-inch bars, 4 to 4.5 feet long. In order to roll o.24-inch iron, these bars are passed through 14 times, the time occupied in roll- ing it being 30 seconds. There are now in Westphalia 4o fast trains, and as each is on the average capable of turning out 5000 tons | of wire per annum, the total capacity of the | district is 200,000 tons. i - | examined |lighthouses now ia existence, | that from the outsic by John Murdoch, Assistant Inspector of Lighthouse Engineers of the fifth Baltimore district, who was specially detailed for that purpose. The future location of this model light- house will be in the Chesapeake Bay, off Cape Henry. From base to top it measures 155 feet, with a diameter at the base of 30 a : 5 ee a = H i i y { > , i | siderably enlarged. | 227 square feet. In the census year end- ing May 31, 1880, the country made 1,700,- In the year just ended May 31, 1880, the product has exceeded 2,000,000 square feet, and in the coming | year this total will show a further large in- crease, It used to be the proper thing to cry down im Sl THE WOODS ENDLESS BED DOUBLE SURFACER. roof, 7000 pounds of bolts alone being required to put it together. The castings of the base and first story are 2 inches in thickness, and the sheet-iron lining % of an inch. The stair- case, which has 180 steps, goes around the cylinder instead of up a@ shaft, as iu the The “ light room” isa circular steel frame 12 feet in diameter und g feet high. The glass to be used is now being manufactured in France, and a light of great power will be adopted. Every story is solidly bolted together by heavy cast-iron floor plates 1% inches thick, iron. while the points and facings are finely | ning day and night for the entire 18 months. So closely are the pom fastened together | e each story looks like a | solid piecs of iron. The base and windows {are elaborately ornamented with castings, while a handsome iron railing surrounds the watch room. Many of the bolts are 134 inches in diameter at one end, and % of an inch at the other, which is considered ia the | trade an extraordinary size. The first four stories of the structure were |to have been shipped in the fall of last year, but in consequence of the government wharf | having been destroyed, operations have been delayed until the present time. So much space did the material occupy that the firm An English company has been formed to | was compelled to erect the four stories on work the copper mines of the island of Michi-|the vacant lot at the southeast corner of picoten, on the north shore of Lake Supe- | Third and Tasker streets, and the towering rior, Ata recent meeting the opinion was | structure at first created considerable specu- expressed that the company would be able to | lation in the neighborhood as to its purpose. enter their granular metallic copper into this | For the last two weeks a large force of country as ore without paying duty. In| workmen has been employed in pulling it to view of the fact that this ore is pure copper, | pieces preparatory to shipment, The upper pud need only be remelted to cast into | stories were put together in the large work- There are |the quality of American iron and steel, { population, one of the most important. and other manufactures, but | of our plate glass. It is as good as the| e The exterior, which is | French and Belgian, and better than the | their rolling mills and car shops here, em- octagonal in shape, is constructed of cast | English, all reports tothe contrary notwith-| ploying about 20co hands. iron, while the cylindrical interior is of sheet | standing. A further proof of this has just | [ron Works employ about the same number |come to our knowledge. The contract for | the glass for the new Iowa State House, at | | Des Moines, has just been let to the Crystal | | City Plate Glass Company, Missouri. The | | building will require 17,000 square feet of | polished plate glass. There were seven or | eight bids, all accompanied by samples, some | of them representing English, French and Belgian manufactories, This company has | also furnished the glass for the Metropolitan | Museum of Fine Arts in New York, for the State House at Albany, for the United States | Custom Houses at Chicago and Little Rock, | | for the Shillito Building in Cincinnati, for all | the large edifices in St. Louis, and tor numer- | ous buildings throughout the country. Those | that we have named are readily accessible, | and it can very easily be ascertained whether the glass isin any way inferior to | any other glass made anywhere. We are | | convinced that if we had the data we could |tell the same story about De Pauro’s New | Albany glass. Two things seem certain— | the manufacture of plate glass is firmly es- tablished in this country, and its quality is equal to the best foreign, A | Underground Railroads.—The Com- | missioners of the Supreme Court, appointed | on the application of the Broadway Under- ground Connecting Railway Company, to hear all persons interested in the grant of a right of way and in the maaner of building, give notice that they will meet July 6. Col. Vanderburgh and the officers of the com- pany, of whom Geo. B. McClellan is prosi- dent, yesterday expressed themselves with utmost confidence in regard to priority of their claim and ultimate success of the en- |} ample when once the route on Broadway is engine is now being put in and several new buildings have been erected. The Pennsyl- vania Hardware Company, of Reading, is assured beyond a question. ia i ] ti i i . ; . also an active and growing concern. A large The Manufacturing Industries of establishment is to be built at an early date, Reading. details of which have already appeared in Reading is one of the most prosperous cities of Pennsylvania, and, in proportion to The Iron Age. The firm employ about 150 hands at present, but expect to more than double that number as soon as their new building is completed. Rick Bros, run about 100 hands, and have for many years had a steady business in the manufacture of butts, hinges, &c. On the whole there is probably no other city of 40,000 population which turns out so many articles of interest to the iron and hardware trades, as the bright and vigorous little city of Reading The Pennsylvania Graphite Mining and Manufacturing Company have their office at Eighth and Penn streets, and are turning out about 30 tons of pure plumbago per month. The de mand is very large and far beyond tueir present production, The Gautier Steel Company, at Johnstown, at present absorb the entire output of tice mines. =~ mM The effects of saline vapors upon iron structures within the sphere of their influence are worthy of notice. l’ur warehouse purposes and for pier sheds iron is growing in favor. The Uaion Ferry Company, whose first io. ferry-bouse was built in 1863 at the Fulton street landing, in this city, have just completed their plans for a more exten sive structure at the Wall street ferry landing in Brooklyn. The new building will be of wood, sheathed with galvanized iron, special care being tukeu that not only the rivets, but the perforations to receive them, are fully protected by an anti-corrosive metal. The Fulton Ferry building was uot galvanized, and in consequence it became necessary several years asro to the roof. The experience of tie company inthe use of iron boats is not altogether decisive, there being many advantages which are offset by corresponding objections. One of the senior officers most familiar with the subject says it is necessary to re move the iron boats from the water at least once a year to renew the - paint, and their original cost is nearly double compared with wood. On the other hand, it is possible to divide iron hulls by means of bulkheads which retain their place, whereas wooden bulkheads shrink, and are forced from their position by the violent surging of the boats against the bridge and fenders. The iron boat does not strike so heavily, but this fact disqualifies the boat in contending with ice, for she lacks the momentum requisite to carry her through against a resisting body. Weighing the relative advantages and disadvantages of wood and iron when employed in the con struction of boats for ferry purposes, it is difficult to say which has superior claims The Pennsylvania Railroad Company have decided to build their next boat for the North River wholly of iron. renew Its | industries connected with the manufacture The Reading Coal and Iron Company have The Reading in their various establishments, in which they manufacture pig iron, wrought-iron pipe, nails, &c. They also manufacture cotton presses, mining pumps and all kinds of heavy machinery, and have a large | amount of work of this character under contract. J. H. Sternbergh carries on a} large business in the manufacture of bolts | and nuts, and is making a considerable ad- | ec ‘ dition to his already very complete estab- It is stated that a concern in Philadelphia, lishment. Orr, Painter & Co. are doing a | called the Phoenix Manufacturing Company, steadily increasing trade in stoves, and have | has succeeded in utilizing tin scraps. The another new foundry almost ready for occu- | establishment comprises a furnace, cupola pancy, when they will have one of the most and foundry. ‘Three dollars per ton are paid compact and convenient foundries to be | for the scraps, delivered on the premises. found anywhere. Their trade has gradually | These are placed in the furnace and car extended West and South, until their name | bonized to such an extent as to make a soft has become almost a household word on the|iron or semi-steel. It is claimed that one Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Their Texas | ton of tin scraps will make a ton of metal, trade promises to be very large, some of | and by condensing the fumes from the fur their stoves having been specially prepared | nace with water, 80 pounds of oxide of tin for the requirements of buyers in that sec-|are recovered. The latter article is said to tion, for which orders are coming in quite be very valuable. By introducing pure car rapidly. Another firm is building a large bon in a pulverized state into the melt, by stove foundry, but will scarcely be in a posi- a process, it is claimed, peculiar to the in tion to do much this year. The Mellert ventors, graphite enters into the metal, Foundry and Machine Company make a greatly improving it. ‘The company manu specialty of cast-iron water and gas pipe, | facture nearly all their production of metal! valves, hydrants and lamp posts. They —the establishment having a capacity of have a large establishment and employ from 150 to 200 hands, and are usually full of work. There are also two or three plate, sheet and bar%mills, and smaller concerns en- gaged in the manufacture of steam engines and general machinery. The total number of hands permanently engaged iu the above branches may be safely placed at 5000 to 6000, besides which there are about 1000 en- gaged in the manufacture of hardware, three tons a day—into grate bars, sad irons, street car boxes, &c. In their manufacture of street car boxes they claim to use steel, which gives durability ; a small admixture of graphite, which absorbs the lubricating oil, and a like proportion of tin, which smooths the bearing parts. For some of the processes in the making of soft iron and its subsequent manufacture into other articles. | patents have been applied for. Sail Slate ated — eae - ~- oe a= = * ~-_: ee 2 a ne eee as is . am ee ie a4 g THE TRON AGE. June 30, 1881, ete oo — = a — fHletais. 7 PActals. ANSONIA — ThePlume & Atwood BRASS & COPPER CO., Wo, 19 Cliff Str set, Phelps Building, NEW YORK.) Mfg. Company, J PHILIP L. MOEN, CHARLES F. WASHBURN, ue fy , MANUFACTURERS OF j President & Treasurer. Vice President & Secretary. i SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. i Established, 1831. Capital, $1,500,000 MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Waterbury Brass Co. - | CAPITAL, - - $400,000. : ildine Metal Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c, Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, a = _ ne WORCESTER, MASS. Seamless Brass & Copper CERMAN SILVER, Opper nivets an urs, | Copper, Brass and German Silver Wires Subing. ae AND COPPER TUBING, Eerosene Burners, WI R P. D RAWE RS. Patent Galvaniring, Rolling and Tempering. a MANUFACTURERS OF 18 Murray Street, New York. 4 TRON AND IR 13 Federal Street, Boston. ’ ON AND STEEL WIRE. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms, COPPER RIVETS & BURS, z iO URE COPPER WIRE BRASS KETTLES, »Phoephor Bronze Rods for Pumps, ke. |DOOF Hail, Brass Tass, : , i PERCUSSION CAPS, ANSONIA * REFINED POWDER FLASES, Lamp Trimmings, &c. Of Every Description. Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, dc. Rolling M111, Factories, __ INGOT COPPER. And small Brass Wares of every Description. | _ THOMASTON, Ct. | WATERBURY, Ct: | A GPECIALTY MADE OF | GE & CO, nt ee | C GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE PHEL PS, DOD Capewell Mfg. 4 oe — Bridgeport Brass 0. GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WIRE x ‘ 1 oo 8 aper 4 4 4 , IMPORTERS OF ing ware mee, MANUFACTURERS OF | PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TIES, TIN PLATE, DEPOTS: a ae Sheet and Roll Brass, ' PATENT STEEL BARB FENCING, 296 Broadway, New York, Ww ’ ire & Tubin AND PUMP CHAIN. ROOFING PLATE, 189 Eddy St., Providence, R. I. Conn. Brass & Copper Wir ; 8 NEW YORK OFFICE: _—8T. LOUIS WAREHOUSE: CHICAGO WAREHOUSE: Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, German Silver Metal and Wire 21 Cliff St, 802 No. Second St. 107 Lake St. Zine, &e. Manhattan Brass Co, Copper and Iron Rivets. \ i aridiaaiamaamined Manufacturers of OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, i COPPER AND BRASS. |stectrs: Sinestzurgicuers: [wrens anrmanes, frame umes, | ES CO Copper Wire, Broughton Patent Oilers, | Clocks & Fly Fan Movements PLUMBERS’ MAT __currernzrr, New von, | Gesper Mive raat ind Eine Otlerss| | ruriutar eteation paid to outing out Blanks ona HOWARD & MORSE, SCOVILL MEG CO 2 “trewvs patent Picture Hooks. ee ee . sili. | ae ilk Fire Sets, Fenders, B.C. | THos. w. FITCH, Prst. and Trea, A. A. LASAR, Secy artitioa. 45 Fulton Street, BRASS, HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. iceman BRASS BLANKS AND TUBES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION TO ORDER. OFFICE AND WORKS, Ist Ave., 27th to 28th Sts., New York. eee erent ae aD THE NEW HAVEN COPPER C0., NEW YORK, Manufacturers of ar Guard. Round Iron, Brass & Copper al NS WIRE CLOT a cts ae mal 0 H, | DEPOTS, FACTORIES, ork 600s! See. = © Waternury: Conn. | 255 Pearl Street, New York. Cirle Wrought ” ‘ S a aoe stilted sc aati Plain and Ornamental Wire Work, DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO, Braziers’ & Sheathing} Wire Fence & Railing, Importers of i DOOR AND WINDOW GUARDS, OFFICE RAILING, ST. LOUIS. MO.. Holmes, Booth & Haydens, | WATERBURY, CONN. COPPER. Kettle Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, Rivets, Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, Wire, Zinc, Etc. 29 & 31 Cliff St., cor. Fulton, DICKERSON & CO., Liver00l. NEw vorK.| Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, &c. Peony eS a ae ROME IRON WORKS, | JOHN STARR, [> cmmberes, 19 vesoraist| “TT ron ste = Piao a e. F Manufacturers of H d g Mi | B k Manufacturers of all kinds of WM. HEWITT, Vice President. E. HANSON, Secretary. Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop-| Hardware & Metal Broker.) Brass, Copper & German Siver, TRENTON IRON COMPAN Y, ~ ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. (INCORPORATED 1847), per and German Silver (In Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), COPPER & BRASS RIVETS AND BURS. Rome, New York. TRENTON, N. J.. Manufacturers of oe | RON and STEELWIRE BRASS & IRON OF ALL GRADES, JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED: MANUFACTURERS’ AGENT, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Representing in the Dominion of Canada several American Manufacturers, is ready to accept further Ageucies, Satisfactory references. A. C. NORTHROP, BRASS & COPPER ‘WIRE, ATE lists. German Silver Spoons, - Tron and Steel Wire Rods: — See SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS,} exTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS _ Kerosene Burners, &c. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; FOR HARDWARE TRADE. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Set Screws: Brass and Iron Safety ang Jack ¢ hain ¢ G tite i eke! Plated and Brotes Trinmines et all Brooklyn dite & Conten Co., Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths, Estimates on patented articles, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and Dealers in ___ Philadelphia Otice JOHN HEWITT. JOHN HEWITT, Agent.’ ‘s 7 North Fourth jorth Fourth St. R promptly given. WORKS ROEBLINC’S AT Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, wvrmcsae 4% 1 IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE — PASSAIC ZING CO, |¥or totstine, tanning 4 stanaing Rope, Perrier, a agg «ti Address, HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesharre, Luzerne Co., Pa. Pure Spelter |FeLTEN & GUILLEAUME, Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germany. New York Office AND Warehouse 117 Liberty Street. THE JOHN A “ROEBLINGS SONS CO, TRENTON, MANUFACTURERS OF Axwanirinxwoux. |PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, Wi RE RO PE T ron 2 nd Stee) Also for For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables. i CALVANIZED Galvanizers & Brass Founders. | S|EMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, ‘ . T , Flusseisen, Swedish and German Charcoal Wire. Iron, Steel and Copper | Telegraph Wire, WIRE MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, GALVAMIEEE BELL tee wre | seit een ak al | Market Wire, FOR Geo W Prentiss 2 Co. of ane CVA NIZ ED S71 high conductivity, and in long lengths. $i kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Market Wire, Fence Wire is . : TEEL WIR E, ‘ Ship Higting, Sash Cords, | Vineyard Wire. oem woe ee oe NOLYORE, MASE., For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, qe 7ply Ctrand. Sagi les, &c. Annealed aon Oiled Feucing = Rivet Wire, &c., &c, Suspension Bridge Cables. GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, TELEGRAPH CABLES. i Contractors to the German and Foreign ger ernments, The oldest house in the braneh on the Con Sch h tinent. Belegraph Address, CAKLSWERK, COLUGNE, C General Agents for U. 8. and Canada, Baa Sa /| PERKINS & CHOATE, 23 Nassau St, N.Y. Me Bright, fopuenele anititea and Tin in rhe SsCHrrEe:N fk SON, —- delive 1 UN SCREW WIRE Plated. Also G Manufacturers of Hon. “BRODERICK & BASCOM, MANUF rr’ RERS OF IRON Of oi sizes straigh rhtened and cut to order. tal G. 8. WIRE ROP E The Schoenberg Metal Mfg. Co., . Manufacturers of and Dealers in The 50” SOLDER, TYPE, 7 an Babbitt seiddlie® : sass t 8 N. Main St Stereotype, Electrotype and ae ? a a St. Louls, Mo. are ec Highes i price. pal e0 Old Metal OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. P and all kinds of Dross. §28 a 539 ones 20th] 9925 to 935 N. Main St., SL, LOUIS, 0, ae me: Street, between Av enues A& “3. Ne 214 and eo EE RR THE IRON AGE: CARYWDW c& MOEN, Manufacturers of 0. LINDEMANN STEEL WIRE for allpurposes and STEEL SPRINGS of every description. — ~. = Manufacturers of all : > ig ©) LN \ eS . i kinds of DW A.C) EO RO) ©, ‘ © yp se Japanned, Brass & t 5 ae looa SA Lil = Ki ae : : ee Tin Plated ge ao June 30, 1881. Water Power in the United States. Mr. Jas. B. Francis, President of the American Society of Civil Engineers, in his address before the convention at Montreal, spoke as follows on the water power of the United States. As no one is better qualified to present the subject than he, his paper will be read with interest : Water power in many of the States is abundant, and contributes largely to their prosperity. Its proper development calls for the services of the civil engineer, and as | j Ld) y CLEL ELD EL LEADED 3 | ordinary motors; the site where the power |is wanted may be too distant from the waterfall, or it may be desired to distribute the power in small amounts at distant points, A method of compressing air by means of a fall of water has been devised by Mr. Joseph E. Frizell, C. E., of St. Paul, Minn., which, from the extreme simplicity of the apparatus, promises to find useful applica- tion. The principle on which it operates is by carrying the air in small bubbles ina cur- rent of water down a vertical shaft to the depth giving the desired ¢ veg ban then through a horizontal passage, in which the it is the branch of the profess on with which Lam most familiar, I propose to offer a few remarks on the subject. The earliest appli- cations were to grist and saw mills ; carding Drag : and fullivng mills soon followed. These were —— Lane ae — esseutial to the comfort of the early settlers, sarKhel Steet Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. who relied on home industries for shelter, Also Patent Tompered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. food and clothing ; but with the progress of 934, 936 and 238 West 29th Street, - a : : - NEW YORK. |the coutry came other requirements. The earliest application of water power to gene- STANDARD PADLOCKS. ral manufacturing purposes appears to have Six Sizes, with and without Chain, BRONZE AND NICKEL PLATED, ciety for Establishing Useful Manufactures,’ Cireulars and Prices on Application. was formed in the year 1791. The Passaic YALE LOCK MANFC. CO., River, at this point, furnishes, when at a STAMFORD, CONN.; NEW YORK, PHILADA., BOSTON AND CHICAGO. minimum, about 1100 horse-power, continu- BROWN & BROTHERS, ously ~— and day. The water power of Waterbury, Conn. Ty if, CAGES. Cy] Rn i coors cae Mitt Catalogues furnished to the trade. 254 Pearl St., NEW YORK. mathe iateontel tee | Lowell, Mass., was begun to be improved for general manufacturing purposes in 1822. The Merrimack River at this point has a fall of 35 feet, and furnishes, at a minimum, about 10,000 horse power during the usual working hours. At Cohoes, in the State of New York, the Mohawk River has a fall of about 105 feet, which was brought into use systematically very soon after that at Lowell, and could furnish about 14,000 horse-power during the usual work- ing hours, but the works are so arranged that part of the power is not available at present. At Manchester, N. H., the present works were commenced in 1835. The Mer- rimack River at this point has a fall of about 52 feet, and furnishes, at a minimum, about 10,000 horse-power during the usual working hours. At Lawrence, Mass., the Essex Company built a dam across the Merrimack River, commencing in 1845, and making a fall fall of 28 feet, anda minimum power, dur- ing the usual working hours, of about 10,000 horse-power. At Holyoke, Mass., the Had- ley Falls Company commenced their works about 1845 for developing the power of the Connecticut River at that point, where there is a fall of about 50 feet at a minimum of about 17,000 horse-power during the usual working hours. At Lewiston, Me., the fall in the Androscoggin River is about 50 feet ; its systematic development was commenced about 1845, and with the improvement of the large natural reservoirs at the head waters of the river now in progress, it is expected that a minimum power, during the usual working hours, of 11,000 horse-power will be obtained. At Birmingham, Conn., the Housatonic Water Company have devel- oped the water power of the Housatonic River by a dam giving 22 feet fall, furnish- ing ata minimum about 1,000 horse-power during the usual working hours. The Dun- dee Water and Land Company, about 1858, developed the power of the Passaic River at Passaic, N. J., where there is a fall of about 22 feet, giving a minimum power, during the usual working hours, of about goo horse: power. The Turner's Falls Company, in 1866, commenced the development of the power of the Connecticut River at Turner’s Falls, which is about 35 feet, and furnishes a minimum power, during the working hours, of about 10,000 horse-power. I have named the aboye water-powers as being developed in a systematic manner from their inception, and of which J have been able to obtain some data. in the usual process of developing a large water-power, a company is formed who acquire a title to the property, embracing the Jand necessary for the site of a town to accommodate the population which is sure to gather around an improved water power. The dam and canals or races are constructed, and mill sites, with accom- papying rights to the use of the water, are granted, usually by perpetual leases subject to annual rents. This method of developing water-power is distinctly an Amer- ican idea, and the only instance where it has been attempted abroad, that I know of, is at Bellegarde, in France, where there is a fall in the Rhone of about 33 feet. Within the last few years, works have been con- structed for its development, furnishing a large amount of power, but from the great outlay incurred in acquiring the titles to the property, and other difficulties, it has not been a financial success. The water powers I have named are but a small fraction of the whole amount existing in the United States and the adjoining Dominien of Can- ada. There is Niagara with its twoor three millions of horse-power ; the St. Lawrence with its succession of falls from Lake On- tario to Montreal; the falls of St. Antony, at Minneapolis, and many other falls, with large volumes of water, on the Upper Mis sissippi and its branches. It would bea long story to name even the large water powers, and the smaller ones are almost innumera- ble. In the State of Maine a survey of the water power has recently been made, the result, as stated in the official report, being ‘*between one and two millions of horse- powers,” part of which will probably not be available. There is an elevated region in the northern part of the South Atlantic States, exceeding in area 100,000 square miles, in which there is a vast amount of water power, and being near the cotton fields, with a fine climate, free from malaria, its only needs are railways, capital and population to become a great manufacturing section. The design and construction of the works for developing a large water power, together with the necessary arrangements for utilizing it and providing for its sub- division among the parties entitled to it, according to their respective rights, affords an extensive field for civil engineers, and, in view of the vast amount of it yet unde- veloped, but which, with the increase of population and the constantly increasing demand for mechanical power as a substi- tute for hand-labor must come into use, the field must continue to enlarge for a long time to come. There are many cases in which the power of a waterfall can be made om by means of compressed air, more This Advertisement is Changed Every Week. D, J, MORRELL, Chairman, W. S. ROBINSON, Treasurer, P, E, CHAPIN, Gen’! Supt, GAUTIER STEEL CO., LIMITED. STEEL, WIRE and SPRINGS. 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Manufacturers of BRASS, COPPER AND GERMAN SILVER, in Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, Rivets and Burs, Etc. ALSO, Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 Ibs. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum, PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANK, SILVEK-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich cesigns. GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. POPE, COLE & Co. BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Also Cakes, of unequaled purity and toughness. WORKS, JOHNSTOWN, PENN. Eastern Warehouse, 81 John St., N. Y.; Phila. ila. Warehouse, 505 Commerce St. 505 Commerce St. MOULDING SAND, Albany Sand a Specialty, FOUNDRY FACINGS, Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. WHITEHEAD BROS. AMERICAN FACING CO. J. A. EMERICK HOWARD EVANS. J. A. EMERICK & CO. 1056 & 1076 Beach Street, PHILADELPHIA, . = MANFRS Rp nicapa lacing MOLDING SANDS and Foundry Supplies. WM. WHITEHEAD, Treas., 517 W. 15th St., New York. FIRE SAND AND CLAYS. | RIDDLES AND CASTING BRUSHES agpecialty. Superior goods and reasonable prices. Sead for prices, E. T. BARNUM, Beirelt, Mich, G. Gunther, Manufacturer of Patented Brass, Silver Plated and Japanned BIRD CAGES. Can be nested for ex- Established 1810, N. &G, TAYLORCO, PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in ODD AND REGULAR SIZES TIN AND ROOFING PLATES, Black and Galvanized Sheet Iron, Metals, Wire, Copper, Stamped Ware, HRegisters, &e. port shipments. 46 Park Place, NEW YORK. Largest variety in patterns and unsurpassed in low prices. New Lilustrated Catalogues and Price Lists on application, | Schenectady Molding Sand 4 ALBANY AND SCHENECTADY MOLDING SAND | delivered on cars or boats at low rates. All grades | guaranteed. All orders will receive prompt atten- | tion. Address, JI. G. GREENE, Sec. 22 Wall St., ScHENECTADY, N. | i G. 8. Veeper, Pres; J. G. GREENE, Sec. and Treas. | The Morris Sash Lock Mfg. Co., Manufacturers of The Morris Sash Lock, Pat. Combined Sash Lift & Lock, Pat. Self-Locking Shutter Bar, | And specialties in Builders’ Hardware. 214 and 216 ELM STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO, U. S. A WOOD, JENNISON & CO., Manufacturers of SHAFTING, PULLEYS AND HANGERS—A Specialty. Also, Wood’s Patent Bolt Threading Machine. Worcester, Mass. conveniently than by the ordinary motors, The fall may be too small to be utilized by the bubbles rise into a reservoir near the top of this passage, the water passing on and rising in another vertical or inclined passage, at the top of whic h it is disc he arge od, of course, at a lower level than it entered the first shaft. The formation at waterfalls is usually rock, which would enable the pas- sages and the reservoir for collecting the compressed air to be formed by simple exca- vations, with no other apparatus than that required to charge the descending column of water with the bubbles of air, which can be done by throwing the water into violent commotion at its entrance, and a pipe and valve for the delivery of the air from the reservoir. The transfer of power by electricity is one of the problems now en- gaging the attention of det tricians, and it is now done in Europe in a small way. Sir William Thompson stated in evidence before an English Parliamentary Committee, two years ago, that he looked ‘‘ forward to the Falls of Niagara being extensively used for the production of light and mechanic: al power over a large area of North America,’ and that a copper wire, '%4 inch in diameter, would transmit 21,000 horse-power from Niagura to Montreal, Boston, New York or Philadelphia. His statements appear to have been based on theoretical considera- tions, but there is no longer any doubt as to the possibility of transferring power in this manner; its practicability for industrial purposes must be determined by trial. Dr. Paget Higgs, a distinguished English elec- trician, is now experimenting upon it in the city of New York. Great improvements in reactiou water wheels have been made in the United States within the last 4o years. In the year 1843 the late Uriah Atherton Boyden, a civil engineer, of Massachusetts, commenced the design aud construction of Fourneyron turbines in which he introduced various improvements and a general perfect- tion of form and workmanship which en- abled a larger percentage of the theoretical power of the water to be utilized than had been previously obtained. The great results obtained by Boyden with water wheels, made in his perfect manner, and, in some instances, almost regardless of cost, undoubtedly stimulated others to at- tempt to approximate to those results at less cost, and there are now many forms of wheel at low cost, giving fully double the power, with the same consumption of water, that was obtained from most of the other forms of wheels of the same class. A frequent inconvenience in the use of water power in cold climates is that peculiar form of ice called anchor or ground ice. It adheres to stones, gravel, wood and other substances forming the beds of streams, the channels and conduits of orifices through which water is drawn; sometimes raising the level of water courses many feet by its accumulation on the bed, and entirely closing small orifices through which water is drawn for industrial purposes. I have been for many years in a position to observe its effects and the conditions under which it is formed. The essential conditions are that the temperature of the water is at its freez- ing point, and that of the air below that point ; the surface of the water must be exposed to the air and there must be a cur- rept in the water. The ice is formed in small needles on the surface, which would remain there and form a sheet if the sur- face was not too much agitated by a current or movement in the body of water sufficient to maintain it in a constant state of intermixture. Even when flowing in a regular channel there is a continued inter- change of position of the different parts of a stream, the retardation of the bed causes variations in the velocity, which produce whirls and eddies and a general instability in the movement of the water in different parts of the section, the result being that the water at the bottom soon finds its way to the surface, and the reverse. I found by experiments on straight canals, in earth and masonry, that colored water discharged at the bottom reached the surface at distances varying from 10 to 30 times the depth. In natural water courses, in which the beds are always more or lessirregular, the disturbance would be much greater, The result is that the water at the surface of a running stream does not remain there, and when it leaves the surface it carries with it the needles of ice, the specific gravity of which differs but little from that of the water, which, com bined with their small size, allows them to be carried by the current of water in any direction. The converse effect takes piace in muddy streams. ‘The mud is apparently held in suspension, but is only prevented from subsiding by the constant intermixture of the different parts of the stream; when the current ceases the mud sinks to the bot tom ; the earthy particles composing it, being heavier than water, would sink in still water in times inversely proportional to their size and specific gravity. This, I think, is a sat isfactory explanation of the manner in which the ice formed at the surface finds its way to the bottom. Its adherence tothe bottom, I think, is explained by the phenomenon of regelation first observed by Faraday. He found that when the wetted surfaces of two pieces of ice were pressed together they froze together, and that this took place under water, even when above the freezing point. Prof. J. O. Forbes found that the same thing occurred by mere contact with out pressure, and that ice would becom: attached to other substances in a similar manner. Regelation was observed by these philosophers in carefully arranged experi ments with prepared surfaces, fitting to gether accurately, and kept in contact sufti ciently long to allow the freezing together to take place. In nature these favorable conditions would seldom occur in the masses of ice commonly observed, but we must admit, on the evidence of the ~~ er seen ad Oe THEH IRON AGE. Xron. NEW YORK. JOHN W. QUINCY & CO., 98 William Street, New York. Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, Wrought Scrap, Cut Nails, Copper, BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER, ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &c. HARRISON & GILLUON IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 558, 560, 562 WATER ST., and 902, 904, 906 CHERRY S8T., NEW YORE, have on — and offer for ale. the following: ee fy — Pig I rought, Cast = Machin n, Can Wheels, Axles and Hea’ Wronght eee i ‘old Copper, Goasposttion. Brean, e OXFORD IRON CO.. (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) Xron. =| xron. aoe : NEW YORK. — NEW YORK. OGDEN & WALLACE, A. B. Warner & Son, |! 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