The Iron Age 1881-05-05: Vol 27 Iss 18

The Iron Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by MAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. Vol. XXVII« No 18. A Novel Forge. A subject to which deservedly much atten- tion is given in all branches of industry is the utilization of waste heat, with a view to effect- ing an economy of fuel and of power. It has become the regular practice in rolling mills and other departments of the iron trade, but, strange to say, has not yet to our know- ledge been tried in that humbler instru- ment in the ironmaster’s hand, the smith’s forge, although the latter has not in other directions escaped the spirit of improvement. In the accompanying illustration, for which we are indebted to Iron, we illustrate a forge brought out by Mr. Eyre, of London, and although it appears massive and crude in some respects, the leading idea of using the waste heat for getting up steam for the blower is a good one. From our engraving it will be seen that the hearth and hood of the forge are of the usual pattern, but underneath the latter is suspended a small boiler, and at the top of the hood is a safety valve and steam gauge, a water gauge being placed at the back of the hearth. To economize as much as possi- ble the heat from the fire, a return pipe is brought from the boiler to the tuyere, the water in which becomes partly heated be- fore again entering the boiler. At the back of the forge is a small vertical engine, with a 2-inch cylinder and a 4%-inch stroke, which, by means of a ved fly-wheel and endless band, rotates the fan. When light- ing the fire the blast is worked for about half-an-hour by hand, by means of the handle shown in the engraving, the usual operations of the forge being conducted dur- ing that time in the ordinary manner, Suffi- cient steam will by that time have been generated to drive the engine, which will then work automatically as long as required. The blast is regulated by means of a tap between the engine and boiler. The engine can be employed for turning a drill or lathe, or other similar work, up to one horse-power, and the-boiler and apparatus can be sup- lied separately and fixed to any ordinary rick hearth. rE Effect of Sewage Water on Iron Boilers. The following paper, by Charles 0. Thomp- son, of the Worcester (Mass.) Free Institute, was read at the Lake Superior Meeting of the Institute of Mining Engineers : In 1867 the city of Worcester walled in the Mill Brook for its main sewer. This stream, one of the important affluents of the Blackstone River, flows through the city in a southwesterly course from Salisbury Pond, and along its valley a considerable part of the heavy manufactories of the city are placed. At two points, a mile apart, a suffici- ent fall occurs to be turned to account for motive power, ard at many points it was the right and practice of the riparian proprietors, prior to 1867, to use the water for steam and other manecnenerang purposes, But the multiplication of branch sewers all leading into Mill Broek, soon rendered the water unfit for use in contact with heated iron, and the water privileges were soon aban- doned under equitable arrangements. A large number of cases involving inter- esting chemical questions arose during the progress of negotiations between the city on the one hand, enforcing its newly acquired sewe rights, and the proprietors on the other, defending their time-honored riparian rights. For instance, did the sudden intro- duction of branch sewers add pollution to a stream already foul from riparian stables, pig-styes, &c., or, if yes, did this increase in a few months equal that of the natural pollution of the stream during the preced- ing ten years while the city had been doub- ling its population ¢ Again, at a point just above the beginning of the dense menufacturing district, but below the works of the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company, the city gas works discharged the usual waste into Mill Brook, and had done so from the beginning of the gas supply. If now the sewage water, at different points in the valley, was found to act violently upon the iron of boilers or to froth in a marvelous fashion, could a por- tion of that injurious action be traced to the gas waste or even to the discharge of acid iiquors from the wire works. Also the cloaca maxima, after passing the manufacturing district, emerges into an open walled channel, and runs two miles to Quinsigamond village into a mill-pond, which, of course, becomes a settling basin. The accumulating filth gradually fills the basin, and does it all the faster by the indirect agency of an enormous growth of aquatic plants which fatten on the garbage. The plants gradually form islands, and the extiuction of the reservoir becomes only a question of time. After leaving this mill-pond the water still carries a great quantity of sewage, and at Saundersville generates a novel nuisance. A dam flows it over a large area so that the water is very shallow ; aquatic plants with woody stems grow apace in the summer ; the persistent stems are frozen into the ice in egrly winter, and form a genuine horizontal filer for the sewage matter under the ice; and the accumulation of solid matter around these multitudinous rigid stakes is sufficient to check the flow of the water and thus wheel during the winter months. Before reaching Quinsigamond village the sewage stream passes sluggishly around the yard of the Pillar Copperas Company, where copperas is made by concentrating,the pick- ling liquors of the city shops—mainly of the wire mill. Of course some vesiales of cop- peras water are dismissed into the air, and much ammonia is exhaled from the sewer. When the wind is south the precipitation of iron oxides upon the roofs and sxles of lee- ward houses goes on rapidly, and those per- sons who do not like bright-red houses are therefore compelled to gratify their #sthetic propensities by process of law. | And all along the open sewer pollution of the atmos- phere goes on at such a rate as to impair the public comfort if not to endanger the public health. From this bench of cases, I have selected those which involve the action of sewage water on iron asthe only ones strictly con- sonant with the objects of this Institute, and will present them without regard to the order of time. Mill River drains an area of 7.8 square miles, mostly a farming country, before reaching Salisbury Pond, and, after receiv- ing the contributions of the city sewers, | delivers at Quinsigamond mill-pond an} average daily flow of 4,000,000 gallons | between April and December. discharged into it from branch sewers, in dry weather, was a daily average of 1,500,-| ooo gallons at the time—1872-73—the | water supply of the city was 3,000,000 gal- | lons a day. So that just half the water | received from the service was carried off by the sewers. The average solid contents of a gallon of Mill Brook water before receiv- ing any sewers is 36.29 parts per 100,000 ; that of the largest branch sewer 61.77; or, in brief, each gallon of water which comes in from the branch sewers contains more than one and a half times the solid mat- ter carried by a gallon of the main sewer. But the total outflow from the side sewers being less than one-half that of the Mill Brook, the actual increase of pollutions by the side sewers is very small. Still it is age on the city. This is especially enforced by the consideration that the percentage of organic matter in the contributions of side sewers is twice greater than in the original stream. The first case involving iron was that of William T. Merryfield vs. the City of Worcester.* The sewer flows past his works, and the water was used through a spray-head in a condenser, This water was slightly alkaline and contained 12.649 parts of solid matter * See Mass, reports, Supreme Court, 110, p. 216. The amount }-first. enough to throw the responsibility of Pon | volatile. Mr. Merrytield complained that | the water corroded his condensers, and that this injurious action of the water had greatly |increased since the establishment of the sewage system. To decide this point experimentally, after an extended series of sewage determinations jin the water at different localities, I took | Pond, one from a point below the discharge from the old gas works, and one from the | flume at Mr. Merryfield’s building. Three 'clean, covered iron kettles received 4300 | grams of water, and were kept at a tempera- ture of 120° F. (the temperature of the con- denser), on a sand bath 12 hours, The iron suspended or dissolved in each sample of water was carefully determined before and after this digestion, and was found to have increased in the first 8.63 grains per gallon ; in the second, 8.45 grains per gallon ; in the third, 15.25 grains per gallon, or nearly double the first. The suggestion of these experiments is that the pe sl of the gas waste did not increase the corrosive action of the water, and that the sewage greatly increased it—76 per cent. THE EYRE FORGE. These experiments were repeated with weighed clean pieces of bar iron, immersed in same samples of water, in porcelain vessels ; other conditions the same as the The air being excluded from the iron, the increase of action in third sample over first was 37 per cent. Distilled water, under same conditions, took up 9.62 grains per gallon, or three-fifths of the quantity taken by the sewage water, and 1%th the quantity taken by the water of Salisbury Pond. Repeated collateral ex- periments decided the question of corres‘on against the sewage water, and the double grievance of uncontrollable frothing and corrosion gave Mr. Merryfield some dam- ages. It was an interesting conjecture, prior to these experiments, whether or not the quantity of alkaline salts in the sewage water would protect the iron from corrosion beyond the reducing power of the demor- alized organic matter ii which it abounds. It appears that this is the fact in Salisbury a water, but not in the sewage water. THE DRIVE WELLS. In the valley of Mill River ten drive wells have been sunk at different points, with the hope of obtaining water fit for boilers so as to save the cost of the city water. Water is found at depths varying between 2 feet at the north to 50 feet at the south end of the district within which they lie—perhaps one- half a mile long. Analysis of a sample at the North End Warren Thread Company shows the following parts in 100,000 ; | three samples of water—one from Salisbury | New York, Thursday, May 5, 1881. ——— Renee ee deprive the manufacturer of the use of his | per 100,000, §.325 parts of which were | Total solids.......... shivsawenee 132.0 Volatile portion.... ..... évuvsus 18.0 | Mineral portion : Calcium sulphate ..........., oe ibe Magnesium sulphate.... oven OG Sodium chloride ... iscsarcne 8 | Calcium carbonate seeneenes Gell | Silica.... eeeecce seosese ees ee 57.0 114.0 - o } Total.... ‘ cecbuaeteaeaue 132.9 | Sample from the Worcester Felting Com- pany’s mill, half a mile below : | Total solids..... ss wee 92.2 | Volatile portion ‘ : 21.7 Mineral portion : Calcium sulphate ; » 30. Sodium chloride... . 26 Calcium carbonate cove 6 BOR: occccencee pee sou oo BF Own oO Magnesia andiron........ eee kee See 70.4 Total . eee ° asec ° Q2.8 The water issues at the Worcester Felting Company’s works at a nearly constant tem- | perature of 50° F., and the supply is inex- haustible. There appears to be a subter- ranean lake roughly parallel with Mill River, with a clay slate bottom, which dips at an angle of about 30 degrees, and un- doubtedly approaches the surface again fur- ther south, forming a basin. This water has received the surface sewage of the city since the beginning, and has retained mainly the salt. How soon it will become available brine can be determined by a series of obser- vations, but its action on iron is very inter- esting. I found the inner surface of a 2 inch | supply pipe, through which the water is | drawn into a tank, completely covered with a hard, smooth porcellanous glaze about | r-23d inch to 1-16th inch thick, But the re- sults of a series of experiments in exposing liron to the action of this drive-well water were perplexing enough, though decivive against the expediency of using it in boilers. | That is to say, it turns out to be cheaper to pay 25 cents per 1000 gallons for city water than to use this for nothing, such is the mis chievous bebavivor of this porcellanous scale. Thus, 200 grams of bar iron exposed to this water lost, in Exp. 1, 0.010 grams in 12 hours ; Exp. 2, 0.080; Exp, 3, 0.0456; Exp. 4, gained o.o10; Exp. 5, gained 0.009 ; Exp. 6, lost 0.042; Exp. 7, lost 0.0576; Exp. 8, gained 0.010; Exp. 9, gained 0.005; Exp. 10, lost 0.0356; Exp. 11, lost 0.0516. The pieces of iron were cut from same bar. In eight cases a loss, in three a gain—conditions being uniform throughout. 1 suppose the gains may be attributable to imperfect washing and dry- ing of the pieces of iron preparatory to weighing. This initial corrosion of the iron S260 a rear, Including Postage. Single Copies, Ten Cents. goes to explain the inseparable union of the porcellanous scale which forms in this water with the iron. It seems to be a simple case of the disadvantage of an iron cement. Another case closely connected with this | was a boiler 4 feet long, which was used in |a@ bakery, and presented one or two novel | points. It was used with 25 pounds of steam. | 1 took a 2-inch flue from it. For 2 feet 3 | inches from the bottom, or up to the custom- | ary water-line, it was sound; then for 10 inckes the iron is discolored, pitted, eorroded and weakened by actual loss of substance to | such an extent as to induce collapse of the flue under 25 pounds pressure. All the flues are in substautially the same condition. But the boiler shell is sound throughout. The | fuel used is coke. The water shows at this point the following parts in 100,000. ROUME BOMGG susecass vies 32 WOO eee xindcasecin wddnavesvhekiucedaee ohebe 8 er ei satciavs. akicdghidhoss SexcenveacPicsiscve 10.19 and a copious deposit of clay. It was obvi- ous, of course, that this water did not act chemically on the submerged part of the fiues nor on the boiler shell. What hap- pened was this: During ebullition a muddy deposit containing salt accumulated, by way of spirting, on the surface of the flues and of the boiler shell just above the water. This deposit dried on and adhered firmly te the iron. It must accumulate rapidly from such water as was used. The flues, being under fire, burn out rapidly under this coat- ing, but the shell escapes harm, being at a constant temperature, due to the heated water. The last case of interest arose from the desire of the city engineer to take the entire sewage of the main sewer through an iron pipe from a point just below the copperses works to Cambridge street, about 1200 feet. The copious discharge of ferruginous water from the copperas works introduces a new element into the problem. The sewage water turns rapidly black after standing in open or closed glass bottles, in light or darkness; it becomes positively inky. I have never observed this phenomenon in sewage water from any point above these works. Bottles of it darken a little, to be sure, but do not become black, It seems to be attributable to the reduc- tion of the iron salts in solution by the organic matter of the sewage. I found by trial that bar iron lost 0.00012 of its weight when exposed to the action of this water for one week, while cast iron lost an inappreciable amount. The reducing power of the sewage matter seemed to be greater than was required for the treatment of the iron under same couditions. The engineer was relieved of the necessity of laying his iron pipe by a change in the plans of the Committee on Sewers, although I think he might have used cast-iron pipes with good effect. In all these cases, and in many others, there is good reason to believe that salt is the constituent of sewage which is most active in attacking and corroding iron; for in all cases where sewage water has acted on iron at ordinary summer temperatures, a copious precipitate of ferric hydrate has ap- peared which it is difficult to explain on any other ground. I propose to investigate the action of brine on iron, and report at some subsequent meet- ing of the Institute. a A New Direct Process.—-According to a statement mado by W. E. C. Eustis, of Boston, Mass., before the American Institute of Mining Engineers, interesting experi- ments have been carried out with the [ol- lowing process at the copper smelting works of the Orford Nickel and Copper Company, Capelton, P. Q., Canada: The fine iron ore is mixed with a sufficient proportion of fine coking coal, and is coked in any of the ordinary methods for making coke. The effect of this is to convert the iron oxide into sponge in suco a shape that the usual trouble of oxidation is avoided. The result- ing mixture of coke and sponge is melted down in an ordinary cupola, the coke fur- nishing more than sufficient fuel for that purpose. In the first place the iron is sponged, and this, as is well known, con- tains no phosphorus or silicon when the reduction takes place at a low temperature ; and in the second place this sponge is melted down in a cupola in which there is no zone of reduction for phosphorus or silicon, and that consequently the resulting iron should be free from both of these impurities. The liquid sponge, now carburized, is run into an open-hearth furndce, where the requisite degree ot hardness or softness is obtained hy adding some of the fine ore, and the usual dose of ferromanganese. —_—__——_>—__—_—_—- While the papers are making mention of various gigantic canal and tunnel and bridge schemes, but little is said of the work which is quietly going on in tunneling the English Channel from Dover to Calais. The engi- neers in charge of the work are employing three shifts of men, each working eight hours, and boring is going on now at the rate of 30 feet per day. The shaft leading to the tunnel is 300 feet long, and the bor- | ing already accomplished is about 509 feet. The distance between the two shores is about 22 miles, and at the present rate of boring it will tuke not less than 11 years te complete the tunnel, — ee a | 4 of : if 1) | >> nm te . Sie A 2 oe fae, | _ Petals dL -etats. ANSONIA | g ThePliume & Atwood BRASS & COPPER CO., Wo, 19 Cliff St: set, | Mfg. Company, SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, German Silver and Gilding Metal Copper Rivets and Burs, Eerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 18 Murray Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. | Factories, WATERBURY, Ct. Phely s Bullding, NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND” COPPER Waterbury Brass Co. CAPITAL, - - $400,000. Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, CERMAN SILVER, my Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. Seamless Brass & Copper) Tubing | Coppers Brass and German Silver Wire, A C ted Ste Platf BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, nsonia orrugate ove ria orms, | BUR PURE COPPER WIRE | COPPER RIVETS & S S; For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. | Imoor ‘Rail, Brass ant Pnosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. | ” PERCUSSION CAPS 4 ’ ere * REFINED POWDER FLASKS, INCOT COPPER Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &c. Cinentinesiinneiiti And small Brass Wares of every Description. © artridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. IMPORTERS OF TIN PLATE, 1 | Capew ell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- ing Goods and Wood’s Paper ROOFING PLATE, Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Shot Shells. Zinc, &c. Rolling Mill, THOMASTON, Ct. Bridgeport Brass Co., Sheet and Roll Brass, Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, German Silver Metal and Wire, Copper and Iron Rivets. DEPOTS: Mills At 296 Broadway, New York, WATERBURY, 189 Eddy St., Providence, R. I. Conn. ann cna niiiataieananel Manhattan Brass Co., y RS OF ee Manufacturers of OILERS and CUSPADORES, { LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, Sh ol d Patent. Ollers, eet Rrase, Polar Pa py ~ LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS, Brass Wire, Copper Wire, Copper Rivets, Brass Tubing, Zinc on rown’s Patent Picture Hooks. Fire Sets, Fenders, &c. BRASS BLANKS AND TUBES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION TO ORDER, OFFICE AND WORKS, Ist Ave., 27th to 28th Sts., New York. THE NEW HAVEN COPPER C0., COPPER AND BRASS. NEW YORE, Broughton Patent Oilers, Brass, Tin & Zine Oilers, Brass Butt Hinges, Hurricane Lanterns, Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and manufacturing Metal Goods, MANUFACTORY, _Bridgeport, Conn. THOS. W. FITCH, Prest. and Treas. CLIFF STREET, SCOVILL MFG CO BRASS, HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. —_—>-—— WAREHOUSE, 19 Murray &t., N. ¥. DEPOTS, FACTORIES, 0 ee Watery, Com. | 255 Pearl Street, New Vork. 183 Lake St. Chicago. New York City. Manotacturers of and Dealers in DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO,|Braziers’ & Sheathing P = sr. LOUIS, MO., COPPER. Kettle Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, Rivets, Ingot Copper, Spelter. Solder, &c. Tia Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, Wire, Zinc, Ete. 29 & 31 Cliff St., cor. Fulton, Holmes, Booth & Haydens, WATERBURY, CONN. BOSTON, DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool. NEW Wor«. li dae ROM E IRON WORKS, JOHN STARR, 49 Chambers St. 18 Federal St. Manufacturers of all kinds of Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- per and German Silver (In Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), COPPER & BRASS RIVETS AND BURS. Rome, New York. A. C. NORTHROP, Waterbury, Conn., NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS FOR HARDWARE TRADE. Wrought Iron and Brass Machine Screws; Turned, Hexagon, Round and Square Head Cap and &rt Screws; Brass and Iron Safety ana Jack Chain; Gilt, Nickel Plated and Bronze Trimmings of all Kinds. from Sheet Iron, Steel or Brass, Estimates on patented articles, or any description of Sheet Meta] work, respectfully solicited aud promptly given. - Brass, Copper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS, BRASS & COPPER WIRE, Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. BRASS & IRON JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. German Silver Spoons, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOOKS, Kerosene Burners, &c. JOHN DAVOL. & SONS, Brooklyn wrass ‘aba Copper Cos, Dealers in Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals 10 Sohn aMtrect,M. We PASSAIC ZINC CO. Manufactarers of Pure Spelter FOR Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK. Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, _ 113 Liberty Street, N. _ Geo. W. Prentiss & Co.. HOLYOKE, MASS., MANUFACTURERS OF IRON gq WIRE. Hardware & Metal Broker, MANUFACTURERS’ AGEAT, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Representing in the Dominion of Canada several American Manufacturers, is ready to accept further Ageiries, Satisfactory references, + ABRAM 8, HEWITT, Fresident, JAMES HALL, Treasurer. WM. ILEWITT, Vice President. E. HANSON, Secretary. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, N. J., Manufacturers of IRON and STEELWIRE OF ALL CRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED; Iron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun- Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire} Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Ci Cut to Lengths, COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 17 Burling Slip. New York Office Philad lelphia Office, JOHN HEWITT, Agent, 21 North Fourth St. BRODERICK & BASCOM, MANUFACTURERS OF STEEL WIRE ROPE. —" >) St, Louis, Mo. Bright, Coppered, Annealed and Tin Plated. Also GUN SCREW WIRE of all sizes straightened and cut to order. ‘The Schoenberg Metal Mfg. Co., Manufacturers of and Dealers in SOLDER, TYPE, Stereotype, Electrotype ind wens Motsin’ imporsere of Block Tin, Antimony, &c. Refiners of ad, Spelter, &c. Highest price ,pald for Old Metals and ali Picinds ot Dross. 525 Sge Fes net 20th Street, besween Avenues A aD. New IRON WIRE ROPE. 728 N. Main St., y THE IRON AGE. May 5, 188), PHILIP L. y Susana tala ei Riana Vice President & Secretary. Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. Established, 1831, its. $1,500,000 WORCESTER, MASS. WIRE DRAWERS. Patent Galvaniring, Rolling and Tempering, MIANUFACTURERS OF IRON, AND IRON AND STEEL WIRE, Of Every Description. A SPECIALTY MADE OF GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WI RE, GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WI RE, PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TI ES, PATENT STEEL BARB FENCIN G, AND PUMP CHAIN. ST. LOUIS WAREHOUSE: CHICAGO WAREHOUSE: NEW YORK OFFICE: f 802 No. Second St. 107 Lake St. “NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS.” Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York, And California Wire Works Co. +» San Francisco, Cal. A. A. LASAR, Secy. | Manufactory, Nos, 1197, 1199, 1201, 1202, 1295, 1207, 1209 and 1211 De Kalb Avenue, Brooklyn, N. y, HOWARD & MORSE, MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS, COPPER & IRON WIRE CLOTH XA) Hii RXKKEE RHE KX MN MH t wang Fence. _— Railing, No. AARNE Wire Cloth, partly Gatvanized Att unro — Summer Hones.” DLES, COAL AND SAND SCREEN s. Iron and Steel Locomotive Spark Wire Cloth, Wire Cloth for Sugar, Milk and Rosin Strainers, Dutch Wire Cloth, Square ie Smut Clotl Wire Bolting Cloth, Heavy Rolled Cloth for Malt Kiln Floo -" Wire Work, Wire Fence, Railing and Guards, Also, Hand and Railroad Lanterns, ROEGLING’S tere apace New York Office Pillar Garden Arch. WORKS a = Warehouse 1 117 Liberty Street. THE JOHN A. ROEBLING'S SONS CO, WIRE ROPE) lron, Steel 2 and Copper Iron and Steel WIRE Market Wire, Fence Wire Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, Telegraph Wire, Market Wire, Vineyard Wire. Hoisting aerial of all kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Ship Rigging, Sash Cords, Lightning Rods, &c., &c. Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Suspension Bridge Cables. Rivet Wire, &c., &c, CALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &c. CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND, Address, HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesharre, Luzerne Co., Pa. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germany, PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables, SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, Flusseisen, Swedish and German Charcoal Wire. GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and in long lengths. GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, 4ané 7 7ply Sinan’. Stages, &c. Annealed ae Oiled Feucing e, round and ov WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. TELEGRAPH CABLES. Contractors to the German and CAMLSU EuM < The ain Rouse in the braneh on the Cou tinent. Telegraph Address, CAKL ERK, COLO General Agents for U. 8. and Santi PERKINS & CHOATE, 23 Nassau Sty N.Y 4. WOOL GRISWOLD, |, MINERS’ CANDLES. Superior to any other Light for Mining Purposes, Manufactured by JAMES BOYD'S SON, Nos, 10 & 12 Franklin St., New York: Manufacturer of WIR E. TROY, N, ¥,. rk, N.Y. Guards 10. 9. Cloth, terns, ffice 8 Street. teel » Wire Whre, , Wire, 3, XC. ‘Pa. IE, RE, a) IRE gths. ad FeucinZ j i's on the Con N.Y. LES, r Mining by SON, ew York: May 5, 1881. a, Papers on Practical Founding—X XII. & C0., Manufacturers of all kinds of bS f Tin Plated | BIRO CAGES. , Catalogues furnished to the trade. 254 Pearl St., NEW YORK. BROWN & BROTHERS, 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Waterbury, Conn. Manufacturers of BRASS, COPPER AND GERMAN SILVER, In Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, Rivets and Burs, Etc. ALSO Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 lbs. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANK, SILVEK-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich designs. GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. POPE,COLE & Co. BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Also Cakes, of unequaled purity and toughness. — OLLER SKATES. EASY, GRACEFUL AND HANDSOME STRONG, WELL MADE AND Iam making the best Roller Skates in the coun- try, and they are worn by the best and most skill- 27, 29 and 31 Woodward Avenue, DETROIT, MICH, 0. LINDEMANN Japanned, Brass & WESTON’S CARY c& MOEN, Manufacturers of STEEL WIRE for TOCRLLL LALO IU CECA LLL LAL WSSIISI Market Steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. all purposes and STEEL SPRINGS of eve TOL RO RELLELAARRAKALAALA LIED Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. 234, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, - SOLE MAKERS, 64 LAKE YALE LOCK MANFC. Office & Works, STAMFORD, CONN. STREET, CHICAGO. Co., This Advertisement is Changed Every Week. D. J, MORRELL, W.S, ROBINSON, CHAS, DOUGLASS, Chairman, Treasurer, Gen’ Sup’t. GAUTIER STEEL CO,, Limited. STEEL, WIRE and SPRINGS. Works, Johnstown, Pa. Eastern Warchouse, 93 John St., N. ¥- Phila. Warehouse, 505 Commerce St. wae St WHITEHEAD BROS. i AMERICAN FACING CO. RE SAND AND CLAYS a | MOULDING SAND, Albany Sand a Specialty. FOUNDRY FACINGS, Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. WM. WHITEHEAD, Treas., 517 W. 16th St., New York. PHILADELPHIA, ry description. * NEW YORK TST eS THE IRON AGE: 3 BY EDWARD KIRK. GATES. The openings made through the sand in the cope side for pouring the molten iron names ‘in In some they are called flat gates and round gates, while in others they are known as flat sprews and round sprews, and in others the flat ones are called and In describing them I shall designate them as flat und round into the molds receive different different foundries. sprews and the round ones the reverse in other foundries. gates, gates. The patterns for forming the round gates in the cope are generally made of wood, and for stove founding they are made about 6 or 8 inches long and 1 inch in diameter, and are slightly tapered, so that they inay be the small drawn from the sand easily. In end a piece of wire or asmall nail is driven so that it will project about an inch from the end of the gate ; and when the gate is used, it is set alongside of the pattern and the nail or wire is pressed down into the sand of the drag, to huld the gate in place and prevent Practical Founding.—Figs. 51 and 52.- Flat Gate. rammed in the cope. been rammed in the cope and properly vented, the round gate pattern is withdrawn with the fiegers, so that the molten iron can be poured into it more readily from the ladle. When the cope is lifted off and the pattern drawn from the sand and the mold finished, a shallow, wide sprew is cut from the round gate to the mold, so as to form a continuation of the gate from the top of the cope into the mold. This sprew must be of sufficient thickness under the round gate to give the iron a chance to turn and flow into the mold, or it will be chilled by the cold sand when it strikes the bottom of the gate and will flow no further. At the edge of the mold, where the gate is to be united to the casting, the sprew is cut very light and of uniform thickness, so that 1t can be easily broken off without breaking out a piece of the casting, and leave a smooth edge. For ordinary plate this sprew is made about f inch thick under and in line with the gate; and at the edge, where it is attached to the casting, it is made from 1-16th to 1 inch thick, accord- ing to the thickness of the casting. The width of the sprew varies according to the casting. . For light work, upon which round gates are used constantly, an iron sprew pattern is generally made according to the shape of the patvern, It is laid upon the follow-board with the thin edge against the pattern, and, after the drag has beeu rolled over and the cope put on, tho round gate is placed on the sprew pattern, and the nail or wire in the end of it is put into a hole in the sprew pattern to hold it in place on the sprew. When the pattern is drawn from the sand and the mold finished, the sprew pattern is drawn with the draw-hook, leav- ing a perfectly true and even sprew, In this way a truer sprew can be cut than could be without spending a great «lésl of time on each ; time is saved and better work done. A round gate always gives a better sur- face and makes a truer casting than a flat gate; and, in foundries where first-class work is made and a fine surface is desirable, a flat gate is seldom used on any outside plate if the piece can possibly be run with a round gate. Iron sprew patterns are used for almust all the outside plate of a stove. FLAT GATES, The patterns used for forming the flat gates in the cope side of tke mold are gen- erally iron, and for stove founding they are wade from 2 to 10 or 12 inches long, and usually 3% inches high; but their bight varies according to that of the cope, for they are never allowed to project above the Flat Gates. Fig. 55.—Patent Flat Gate. shaped, the thickness at the bottom vary- After the sand has id the gate is slightly reamed out at the top designed to be used on covers. Fig. 51; itis not nearly so liable to break down, and it is better for preventing the dirt and scruff from flowing into the mold ; but iron cannot be forced through this gate as fast as throughtheother. This difficulty, however, can be overcome by making the gate a little wider, and on the whole this gate is safer, cleaner and better than the other. In Figs. 53 and 54 is shown a gate pattern designed to save time in cutting a fillet around tke gate on the top side of the cope. This pattern makes a very good gate to pour iron into, and by its use considera- ble time is saved in cutting fillets ; but it is very ditlicult to ram around it, as it is al- most impossible to butt off a cope without striking the corners or side of the gate with the butt of the hammer, and tilting it out, of place. This gate pattern is, therefore, but very little used in stove founding. In Fig. 55 is shown a patent gate pattern which is used in a great many stove foundries ; it is one of the best-shaped flat gates in use, be- cause it holds a heavy body of molten iron in the center, which forces the iron out at the bottom very rapidly, and distributes it more evenly over the mold than any of the other flat gates; it also catches all the dirt and scruff in the iron and prevents it from T ; it from being moved when the sand is] going intothe mold. This gate is patented D i F = & a - fw i A i SALESROOMS : by a Pittsburgh molder, who sells in right 1563 CHAMBERS ST., NEW YORK. — to any founder wishing to use it. PULLEY BLOCKS ‘507 MARKET ST., PHILADELPHIA. Pe one Ts ee are the ones . 36 PEARL STREET, BOSTON. | ¢ won aon se : - s of work on which | ‘ s ployed, there are various other flat gates designed for special work. Among these are the circular flat gates, the pointed gates, the forked gates, &c., each of which are adapted to the work they are tobe used upon. Fig. 56 represents a circular flat gate, which is used upun any round piece with a narrow edge upon which a plane flat gate cannot be used; it is also sometimes used upon oven plates and other light plates that are liable to be drawn and warped by a plane flat gate. This gate should not be made of too great a curvature, for the greater the curvature, the more liable it is to break down, and the more difficult it is to detach \| [ & Practical Founding.—Figs. 56, 57 and 58.— Flat Gates. from the casting. In Fig. 57 is showna pointed flat gate whick is used on pieces that have to be foliow-boarded and molded in such a shape that the common flat gate can- not be usedonthem. Fig. 58 represents a forked flat gate which is used on a piece that is too small to be poured double, and toolarge to be poured single, unless a very large gate is used, which is liable to twist and warp the By using this gate the iron is dis- tributed over the mold, so that it will run the casting easily and will ulso prevent it from warpivg. In Fig. 59 is shown a forked gate One fork or leg of this gate is made shorter than the niece. Fig. 60. Practical Founding.—Fig. 59.—Cover Gate. Fig. 60.—Pop Gate. other and slightly rounded on the end, and the gate is set on the pattern in the manner shown, This gate is said to be the best yet invented for covers, for it distributes the iron evenly over the face of tae mold and gives a perfectly smooth and even surface to the cover, ~~ Some Instances of Impromptu Ingenuity, A Spanish steamer while crossing the Bay peared as if there was no alternative but to remove the cargo from the stern, and by placing it forward, thus lift the screw pro- peller and shaft to the surface of the water. oo che top of it. They are all more or less wedge- of Biscay in a severe storm gare such indi- MY SCIENTIFIC SKATES 7, A. EMERICK. HOWARD EVANS. — led the English engineer to suspect that i there was something wrong with the screw are specially suited for beginners as well as adepts. \ / g Fi \ propeller or its shaft outside of the ship— Every child should have a pair. J A EMERICK & C0 || | that is, in the open space between the stern Send for circular. ¥ a ’ } and rudder post where the screw revolves. = aye oe There was no dry dock in any of the ports E. ws B A R oS U M, cE 1056 & 1076 Beach Street, Fig. 53- Pig. 54. Pig on the coast where the ship could go to be Wire and Iron Works, ras Practical Founding.—Figs. 53 and 54.—| examined; and on arrival at Vigo it ap- ee ’ MANFRS’ FOUNDRY FACINGS, And Dealers in and shippers of all descriptions G. Gunther, Manufacturer of Patented Brass, Silver Plated and Japanned Mei Seely ch nina Can be nested for ex- Hi im oe IN oly itdas MOLDING SANDS and Foundry Supplies. ing from 1-16th to %inch, and the thickness at the top from % to2inches. The gate must be made of such a shape that it will admit the molten iron freely to the mold ; that the sand forming the upper side of th: mold will not be broken down on each side The altervative, simple as it was, meant a serious delay and great expense. Eefore commencing to remove the cargo another ; i consultatation was held. It was then de- cided to put the stern of the ship over a of the gate by the weight of the iron, and | bed of light-colored sand, and as the water was very clear there might be a possibility wae Ter .- Pet 1a that it will catch all the dirt and scruff in lea | j the molten iron and prevent it from flowing] of ascertaining the extent or cause of AN BIRD CAGES. Established 1810, into the mold. Various gates have been| he mishap. For two days after tho made to combine these three points and are vessel was so placed the wind caused a ] shall describe in use at the present time. In Fig. §1 is sowe of the principal ones. effectually was on the water which anything being seen. It ripple prevented an FE port shipments. SS Ne | shown the old style of gate and the best| then suggested by some on board to try - 46 Park Place, shaped for admitting the iron into the mold|the use of oil on the surface of the re NEW YORK. rapidly, because it is made so thick at the | water around the stern of the Ship. The — effect was most satisfactory. The water Largest variety in patterns and unsurpassed in low prices. New Illustrated Catalogues and Price Lists on application. N. &G, TAYLOR 60,, PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in ODD AND REGULAR SIZES TIN AND ROOFING PLATES, top that a large amount can be put into it at once, and the inclination of the sides is so great that the molten metal is forced into the mold very rapidly if the gate be kept full, with very little resistance on the sides from the chilling properties of the sand. The objection to this gate is that its sides are so extremely inclined that the sand on the lower sides has not sufficient strength to support the iron in the gate; it breaks down, falls into the mold and spoils the casting by making sand holes in it, and a lump on the upper side, at the was becalmed as if by magic, and it was then seen that the wedge or key which kee ps the propeller in its place on the shaft had come partly out, and thus left the screw loose on the shaft, which caused the noise, By continuing the use of oil for a few hours, the wedge was ultimately driven into its place and secured. In this instance, many days of detention and the use of costly appli ances and labor were thus saved, Instances of a more complex character frequently occur where a knowledge of nat- Black and Galvanized Sheet Iron, Metals, Wire, Copper, gate, where the sand fell off. Besides, this ural laws or forces may be brought into WM. L. DAVIS Chelsea Mass., Stamped Ware, HRegisters, &c. | gate allows .all the dirt and scruff in the | operation to assist In surmounting di fficul- ; ; molten iron to flow into the mold, which| ties. Thus, a few years ago an iron bridge Manufacturer of loften makes the casting very dirty. For|of con iderable length, the weight being WINDOW WEIGHTS, Sole Manufacturer of —- WOOD, JENNISON & CO., Manufacturers of SHAFTING, PULLEYS AND HANGERS—A Specialty. |used for avy but very light, unimportant work. é commonly used in stove founding, ——— |these reasons a gate of this shape is seldom | about 20 tons, was constructed in England |and erected in a remote part of Germany. Fig. 52 represents the flat gate most | By some mishap, the bridge when finished Its | was found to be some distance ‘‘ out” to one sides are less inclined than those of the gate, side, an error which the proprietors insisted Park's Patent Folding Lunch Box, | 4s, Wood’s Parent Bolt Threading Machine. Worcester, Mass. — W. S. MIDDLETON, Broker in Machinery & Iron Agent for Buitimore or New Orleans. For sale in lots to suit by JAMES LEE & CoO., Sole Agents for the United States, . o- Pine e Street, New York. BATES & DESPARD, 117 Pearl St., New York, P. O. Box 764, Im porters of STEEL AND IRON RAILS, SWEDISH BARS, STLEL AND PIG IRON. SCRAP IRON an OLD RAILS c. & and L to America, or f_o bh Knelish porta. CcoO., IRON MERCHANTS Cor, Albany & Washington Sts., NEW YORK CITY. FORSTER’S CRUSHER & PULVERIZER, a wR The best in market. Diet ae ee —— | W.S. MIDDLETON, 62 John St., B. F. JUDSON, S. A. LISSBERGER, 2: Importer of and Dealer in SCOTCH AND AMERICAN IRON & METAL DEALER, 509, 511 and s19 to s29 East 19th St., New York, = i S Ir = Oo rm g | have on hand, and offer for sale, the potowing: cast Scotch and American Pi Iro2, Wrought, Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, and Machinery Scrap Iron, Car W heels, Axles and OLD METALS. eavy Wrought Iron; also. old Copper, Composi- NEW YORK. N. ¥. tion, 3rass, » Lead, i, Pewter, Zinc, &e. DANIEL W. RICHARDS & FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC SCRAP IRON, STEEL, RAILS AND METALS, | NEW YORK. MORTON B, cs oe gt 457 & 459 Water St. 233 2236 South St. 9} DANIEL F. COONEY, (ate of and Successor to Jas. H. Holdane & Ce.) SS Washington St., N. BOILER PLATES and SHEET IRON, | LAP WELD Boller Rivets, Angle x T a ‘ut tale ‘ . Agency for Pottst« we Iron Co., Viaduct yon we wks, i Rolling Mills, Pine lron Works rel Lro {eee Be oe eee Mills at Jers ne Glas. gow iron Co SWEDISH IRON. J. F. FULLARTON, , Bennett Building, NEW YORK, Yards and Office, 88 to 96 Mangin St., Danie. WwW. Ri HARDS. PASSAIC ROLLING MILL CO., Manufacture and have always in stock ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forg- ings, Eye Bars, &c. PATERSON, N. .J. New York. _Room pam 45, A Astor House, Representing = L. G. SRATT & oe. and the UDDEHOLM CO., Sweden. | Pig, Bars 4s, Swedish Bessemer and Martin ate mens Lrons; als o, Bite el ene ston Rails, Bloor ia Ralis, Sera »lroné and § el,& Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. FULLER BROTHERS & CO., 139 Greenwich Street, New York. Powerville Rolling il, Manufacturer of HORSE SHOE IRON JOHN TEINARD, 450 West St., NV. ¥. THE IRON AGE. May 5, 1881, m8 4 a iy — = ve is #ron. | ¥ron. | xvON. Xvow. Aye xvoNn. Pi a NEW YORK. NEW YORK. NEW YORK. PITTSBURGH. PITTSBURGH. $5, 87,89 & 91 Elm 8t., New York. 60 Veer Se ee « Ue ‘ : d Stee! IRON MERGHANTS, Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, r ona n sie cea 28 & 29 West and 52 Washinaton Sta | 9 ¥rouae a a , ( eve esc. on ke D § . , y PEL : : » &e. - Ny Agents for Park Brother & Co.'s BOILER PLATE, ——— eee | fet" BLACK DIAMOND STEEL.| Bolter raves, Ansis, Tee & Giraer tron,| HARRISON & GILLOON SNOW SHOES Ben an | eiaes of Cast and Machinery Steel constantly Seller ones eairae ie celebrated IRON AND METAL DEALERS, | : - +» AD \ Y ST., 3 ae ae bs Eureka,” Pennocks, 558, 560, 562 wien: ao a ’ Sarre PIERSON & CO, “Wawasset,” Lukens, | git jem len emai ta Ptaaianall aaa Iron.| X Brands of Iron. Alsoall descriptions of Plate, Sheet, | /Vronght Iron; also, old Cop oe ee \ Established (790, — miata, piesa 0 X F 0 “ D | RO N C 0 Patented March 14‘h, 1865 ; April 8th, 1873 ; | STE c L TOE CALKS. St <hia Ra ~6a>. ne a "9 Sept. 9th, 1873; uct. 6th, 1874; Jan, 11, 1876. 24 & 26 Broadway, 77 & 79 New St. ROME MERCHANT. IRON MILLS, (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) Guaranteed fully equal in alirespects tothe | f+, Quality Homogeneous Steel NEW YORK CITY, Manufacturers of the hest grade of . IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, Wier Iron, aeaisise Cut Nails|—os0 2" BOILER PLATE Horse Slive Iron. Also from Saeeal Pt . su sorter 9 uality of Iron branded J.G. All peddies bat a AND by all the principal ster ron. a8 aE apy TR, ct Agent, a1 38 Jobe S P | K = S METAL DEALERS)| STEEL PLATES, ali descriptions. All Sizes and Shapes kept in Stock, = ™ In the Large cities throughout Cut _ and Spikes, Plate and Sheet OT ee ee ee a N GERR . S. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, ll descriptions, A B E E S. B ROT rare Ss Beg aE i bald r Z 7 and 85 ce ih i om 7 eS SHOENBERCER £00 "Piasbat eegey oa Loaenerar Tha (aire _______wewrorx. _| ill Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. KEYSTONE ROMS MLL lron Merchants, IRON AND STEELRAILS,OLD RAILS, BURDEN’S ——_——__. 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. SCRAP AND PIG IRON. oa. KANE, WILLIAMS, TONG & McDOWELL eee) ORSE SHOES 2 ce tS.) TRON, A 1 assortment 0: 8 cons tly on Hetined Irom, & DRUM Mo , PIC IRON, BLOOMS, pe err a ae camen Brea, AND ORE. oo Sets ao and Scroll Iron. yd —— v, PITTSBURGH, PA, Portsmouth Iron and Steel Co., Sheet Iron 2 <i Successers to 66 ee orway Nail Rods, d B 3 GAYLORD ROLLING MILL CO., Cast, Spring and Tire Steel, ete. ! — Pp LAT ES Bur en est co Pa Ser. Pr a A. R. Wh itne RECEIVE ON STEEL BOILER PLATE, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Y; & META LS, lron Storage and panes Warrants Aeriuttaree Gat: Muthieiry Steet 68 Wall St., New York. PIG IRON, BLOOMS, INGOTS, Merchant Bar, Hoop and Sheet tron, Wrought eee eee P , MUCK BAR, RAILS, &c. =|" "uh Baveni Bowe. JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., Boiler Rivets pusenateneee te to establishment a PORTSMOUTH, OHIO. 56, 58 & 00 Hudson, SCOTCH AND AMERICAN ‘ General Office, PITTSBURGH, PA. | pred Sad EIS Sup't. ‘Beo'y and Tress, SEE cctael new Re. PIC IRON _—Gereral Ofc PUFTSBURGH, PA__lertididmetben, Settee Oar specialty is in Pa 9 ne A 3 | Burden lron Works, H. Burden & Sons, S i) ‘ (| i i| W ks pata, Ce mouec Troy, N. Y. Plans and estimates furnished, and con! made atl Set es acaba col at ULSTER RO WOR KS EGLESTON BROS. & CO., naledg dll eh nae at office. Please address 90 Broadway, New York, PRET. Sf ft Bes ew von« cre. ZUG & CO BORDEN & LOVELL, | Tuckerman, Mulligan&Co BURDEN’S "9 CommissionMerchants|AkwicHart cexwexs| Hl, B. & S. esta tn Ct 70 & 71 West St, RON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE ) Oi Tevet —. New York. Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &c., &c ULSTER BAR IRON. . Agents for the sale of Ther Coaterviie irom Ce Potstow a tron Go. the m eS a Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, | Tro, . Am. & Eng. Ref'd Iron,Common Iron,&c £ | Bands, Hoops & Rods. nronmzsor = S~S«/ eNarnock and Carnbroe . AND Si SCOTCH AND ENGLISH | Borden Mining Company’s Agents for American Charcoal and - aus, SCOTCH PIG IRON, J Cumberland Coals. 56 Pine Street, New York. F 5 —Ttiags OF OWALIADE © ON _ | HuawW. apaus Daxtmtt. L. Cons, | FOr spot delivery and for prompt or forward , WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., ~~ | shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Office and Works, PITTSBURGH, PA. | LEECH BU RG " TRON WoRKs. KIRKPATRICK & CO., Manufacturers of all grades of FINE SHEET IRONS, (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, &.)” NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OFFICE, No, 143 First Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa, fe Leechburg, Pa EN a MARSHALL LEFFERTS & CO.) MARSHALL IRON CO., Manufacturers of Best Charcoal Bloom. Best Refined & Common SHEET IRON. Office and Mills, 90 Beekman S8t., New York City, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER, Galvanized Sheet Iron, |-»- Ist and 2d Qualities, Galvanized Wire, Telegraph and Fence; Galvanized Hoop and Band Lron, Galvanized R« and Bar Iron, Galvanized Nails, Galvanized Chain, Galvanized Iron “CORRUGATED SHEET IRON For Roofing, &e., Galvanized, Plain or Painted. Delaware. Ne wpe rt, Agency of N. M. HOGLUND’S SONS & CO., Stockholm. Swedish & Norway lron of every description. Stock on hand at Boston, Ne ~~ Bf ork and Philadelphia. Importation orders 6 apecialty. Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Comman | GUSTAF LUNDBERG, 38 Kilby st., Boston. ALBERT POTTS, Philadelphia Agent, 234 & 236 N. SHEET IRON. Front Stree Plate and ‘Tank Iron, COMBINATION STEEL & IRON CO. C No. 1,C H No. C H No. 1 Flange, Best Flange Best Flange Fire Box, Circles, CHESTER, PA. BOILER IRON Stamped and Guaranteed. All descriptions of Iron Work Galvanized or Tinned to order Price list and quotations sent upon application, We are now prepared to manufacture the COM- BINATION RAILS under Wheeler's patent. Orders solicited. New York Office, 82 JOHN 8ST. OC. 4- WEED, General Manager. yn WSTICE COX, Jr, May 5, 1881. THE IRON AGE. Xron, Xron. i kro. PHILADELPHIA. PHILADELPHIA. Edward J. Etting, IRON BROKER ayp COMMISSION MERCHANT, 220 S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. HENRY LEVIS & CO., Pig, Bar and Railroad Iron. OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &o- ' Manufacturers’ Agents Aquat tor ths For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and MOU NT SAVAGE FI RE B RICK, Sheet Iron and General Kailway The Allentown Iron Co, and The Coleraine Furnaces. STORAGE WHARF AND YARD DELAWARE AVENUE ABOVE CALLOWHILL STREET, borage: by track with railroad. Cash h advances ances made on | on Iron, J. Wesley Pull Pullman, I 407 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Exclusive SALES AGENT || Chester Iron Co,’s Blue, Red and Hoft ORES. Also celebrated | 66 * Brotherton” Ore, } D. W. RB. READ, T. HORAC E BROWN. D.W.R.READ & C Dealers and Commission