The Iron Age 1881-04-21: Vol 27 Iss 16

~The Iron Age Vol. XXVII: No 16. A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. — New York, Thursday, April 21, 1881. §2°50 a Year, Including Postage. Single Copies, Zen Cents. The Sackett Combined Plow and Harrow. It is not a little singular that notwith- standing the vast improvements that have been made in the invention and introduction of labor-saving machinery for harvesting our great crops, and in the combination of several operations in} one machine for that purpose, the far more important process of preparing the soil for the production of the crop remains the same in substance as it was a thousand years ago. It still con- sists of the two distinct operations of plow- ing and harrowing, each to be repeated over and over again, until the proper degree of pulverization is accomplished. It is true that our plows have been perfected until they are models of grace and good work- manship, but they remain still in principle the same old wedge that lifts and turns the furrow slice in a comparatively solid mass, and leaves it as it falls. Our harrows are still mainly the old simple form, being in effect only large surface rakes. Many radi- cal departures from that form have been attempted, all good in their way, but noth- ing has been produced that is not a surface implement, and that in being drawn over such a dense substance as earth can have any great degree of penetration, without such an undue weighting down that an ordinary team could not move it. “ However the harrow may have been perfected, its use still constitutes a separate operation ; it in- volves the necessity of the team and the farmer traveling again and again over the fresh-plowed ground. In order that the surface earth may not be baked too hard by the sun, this operation has often to be done while the lower stratum is very moist. The consequence is that the lower stratum packs solid under the horses’ feet, scarcely a square foot escapes an imprint, and the field is often thus left in worse condition below than be- fore plowing. is ; As now carried on, plowing is an inver- sion, not perfect pulverization, of the soil. The larger the plow the larger the furrow turned and the more solid the land when plowed. The crop must grow out of this mass, solid as it is, except for the pulveriza- tion given the surface by the harrow teeth, | which is seldom more than 2 inches eeu or just enough for a seed bed. Below all are foes which the plow rolls uver year after year, and from which the crop draws little or no sustenance. It is generally admitted | that the great fault of American farming is | that it is not thorough enough. Better pul- verization would in many instances double the crop. Land in England is often plowed and harrowed four or five times to produce pulverization, and a yield of 60 to 70 bushels of wheat to the acre is not uncommonly ob- tained by folluwing this plan. Here our Western average on rich virgin soil is 30 to} 35 bushels. The price of labor in this coun- try precludes such thorough tillage, if it must be done by repeated processes ; but if it can be done c machinery and the labor saved, then more wheat on a smaller acre- age with less labor becomes a possibility. Recognizing that the dual and repeated | operations of plowing and harrowing had in effect but one end to accomplish, viz., per- fect preparation of the soil for planting, Mr. Charles E. Sackett, superintendent of the Matilda Furnace, Mount Union, Pa., has invented an implement that in one operation attains that end in a more satisfactory de- gree than any number of repetitions of those processes, and with so little departure from established principles and customs that it will readily commend itself to the agricul- tural community. Various pulverizing im- plements have been produced before aiming to accomp. the fatal quality of mixing weeds, sod and | great that, with the advantage of the teeth earth all up together, the weeds or stubble, | being beiow the earth, it appears to add being lightest, remaining mostly on top. | little, if any, to the labor of plowing alone. This the farming community almost univer: This is partly, no doubt, due to the fact that sally oppose. | the whole implement moves upon wheels, Mr. Sackett’s implement, shown in the }and that the cut of land is taken in two | accompanying cuts, consists of two plows in | horizontal slices, which makes it lift and |line upon the same beam, resembling in all | turn easier. | respects ordinary beam plows. The front| Although, as can be seen from its con- plow is made vertically adjustable, so as to | struction, the implement will pass large skim off any desired thickness of sod, weeds | stones without injury, and is adapted, with | or field trash, for which it may be set to cut | reasonable judgment in its use, to any farm below a forward gauge wheel. Crossing the that has been brought into moderately good plow-beam at right angles, and adjustably | condition, there is no doubt that its great secured to the beam, is an axle, having on ‘field is the large, level, stoneless farms of one end the harrowing wheel or pulverizer,|the West. There it will effect a saving in which runs in the bottom of the furrow last | the labor of putting ina crop, and increase made, and always alongside the moldboard|may be expected from such a thorough of the rear plow, so as to receive from it all | system of tillage, which admits of no varia- the remaining cut of cleared earth which it| tion in its work. It will also be a great is its ~ to raise and turn into the harrow | boon to new beginners for the purpose noted wheel. | land wheel of the same size as the harrow | in his recent trip West as Indian Commis- wheel, and vertically adjustable with it, so sioner. He says: as to run level with it when carrying the; ‘‘ We are now passing over broad prairies implement to or from the field, or to allow | still unbroken by the plow. Asa rule with the harrow wheel to sink into the furrow | those who settle on prairie lands—as hun- when engaged in plowing, at which time the | dreds of thousands have done during a year land wheel regulates the depth of cut of the | past, and as multitudes are now doing every rear plow, as the forward gauge wheel does | month—the sod is broken the first year, and the cut of the front plow. The whole moves allowed to decay until the following spring forward uniformly on the wheels. before a crop of corn or spring wheat is put The harrow wheel is built entirely of |ih. It is an immense gain for emigrants wrought iron, with the exception of the cast | from the Eastern States and from Europe, — os Z oe re HAP RAL hive . THE SACKETT COMBINED PLOW AND HARROW. been strictly surface implements, and had | useful mechanical powers we have—is 80 | Upon the other end of the axle is a | by Mr. Judd, of the American Agriculturist, | | American Inventions in France, iommestieint | The French patent laws provide that “ no | foreign invention can be patented in France |except under the condition that the article |invented and the machinery necessary to | its fabrication be made in France; that the inventor who manufactures the article in| any other country and imports it for sale, | | loses his right to the invention, which then | becomes public property.” It is easy to see | | how disadvantageously this law has operated | | to American inventors. But the French peo- ple are now beginning to see that it acts equally to their disadvantage. A United States inventor now takes up his patent in France simply to secure the invention in case of future requirement. He does not do so with the idea of utilizing his inven- tion in France, because the laws of the coun- try, as he knows, prevent his doing so with profit to himself. erect a manufactory there, and have requi- site machinery also made there, so that the manufactured article might be manufac- tured by French machinery on French soil. This great additional expense the inventor will not, for obvious reasons, incur, and as | the imported article cannot be sold without forfeiture of the patent rights, the inven- tion remains a dead letter so far as the enjoyment of it to the French people is con- cerned. There have been cases where the American inventor has goue to the expense | | duction of a better and cheaper light ?’ Their Patent Law supplies the answer. The fact, then, is being painfully brought home to the French people that while, under lib- eral patent laws, substantial progress has been made in the United States in perfect- ing and cheapening articles of use and com- fort to mankind, they have voluntarily denied themselves the benefit of these inven- tions through the imposition of conditions as unprofitable to themselves as to the for- eign inventor.—San Francisco Bulletin. —- a Telegraphic Privileges on the Pa- cifle Coast.—A preliminary injunction was granted in the Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia, by Judge Finletter, to restrain the firm of Fralick, Murphy & Co., and He would be obliged to | Thomas W. Neill, from selling certain con- cessions which they obtained from the gov- ernments of the United States of Colombia, Peru and Ecuador, to lay and operate sub- |marine telegraph cables between Panama and Callao, The plaintiff is Robert E. Ran- dall, who alleges that the firm above-named authorized Mr, Neill to sell the concessions received in the manner described, and that in accordance with instructions the conces- sions were sold, the purchasers being the plaintiff, John Harrold, of London; William R. Garrison, of New York, and John W. Fralick, a member of the firm of Fralick, Murphy & Co. The plaintiff alleges that he of making new machinery and erecting | and his associates have spent nearly $10,000 \ing cut of earth, now cleared of all weeds hub. Its spokes are of 5¢ths round iron, so as to permit the easy passage of the earth between them. It has a cylindrical tread and frustro-conical side, so as to distribute the earth in even layers and show no ridges between the furrows, leaving the field aslevel| day and yesterday fair corn, pretty good as if harrowed by the ordinary process. The rims of the harrow wheel are perforated with bolt holes 1 inch apart, so that as many teeth may be bolted in as desired and in any ition. The teeth are convex, sharp at points and edges for easy disintegration and passage through the earth; they all point inward. The crossbars connnecting the rims are similarly adapted to suit any of the bolt holes, so that by using a greater number and thus reducing the spaces, the ge of the earth through the wheel may retarded and any degree of pulverization effected according to the nature of the soil. The operation of the implement | is as follows: The front plow being set to remove any desired thickness of weeds or sod, turns it into the furrows last made immediately before the harrow wheel which, rolling upon it, crushes it to the bottom of | the furrow. The turn of mold of this plow is such that it completely inverts the thin slice of sod or stubble and lays it flat in the bottom of the furrow, reversed side up, for the harrow wheel to roll upon. The rear plow at the same time brings up the remain- or stubble, and turns it into the harrow | wheel. As it falls from the moldboard | already partially broken by the twist of the plow, it is received upon the upturned who come hither early in the spring, to put in a crop at once that will furnish fod for the following winter. There is no doubt this.can be done much more largely thau has | generally been supposed. We have seen to- | oats and promising potatoes and beans, all on gtound that in April last was in its wild |state. The corn and oats are on sod treated | thus: First, a team with the usual breaking |plow goes ahead, and a thin sod 2 or 3 | inches deep is turned over flat. Following inunadintaly after is another common plow | set to cut 1 to 1% inches deep, which takes up a second layer of the under soil and | throws it upon the turned sod. ‘* A light harrow, with the teeth inclined backward, is then put on, which finely pulverizes the top layer and a little of the soil on the sod, but without tearing up or disturbing the sod itself. This furnishes a good seed bed, in which the corn is planted and the oats sown. They keep | under the workshops, as, for instance, in the manu- facture of sewing machines. In some cases, again, the American inventor has disposed of his patent rights for France, but they have been few in number. As a conse- quence, the vast majority of our useful and labor-saving machines are practically un- known to the French people. Of late years these matters have been brought nearer home to them than ever before, and the abolishment of the restrict- ive clause in the Patent Law is among the near possibilities. At the Paris Exposition of 1878, among the different new inventions sent from this country was the Edison electric pen. The French examined it with a good deal of curiosity and liked it. In the United States the pen was then sold a an average price of $6, but when its pro- prietors were requested to make it for sale in France, they asked $20 for it. The increase in price was due to the fact that w they could not import the ahead of the weeds and show well at this | article ready made, nor make it in France date.” except by hand, unless the machinery were This extract gives disinterested testimony | made in the country. [t was then that the as to the value and demand likely to arise | French realized for the first time that the | for the Sackett Combined Plow and Harrow. | law, as it stood, prevented the use of many It has been tried with success. on several | American inventions of general utility. But farms in the vicinty of Mount Union and of | it isin agricultural machines that the French Newton Hamilton, Penn., in stiff clay soil, | have been the greatest losers. It is not too and mostly with a two-horse plow team, much to say that in consequence of this though the usual Western three-horse team | exclusive Patent Law France stands to-day, | is recommended. It has had several public | 80 far as agricultural implements are con- exhibitions at the fairs held last fall, and at cerned, where this country stood half a the last Tri State G rs Fair at Wil-| century ago. American progress in electri- liams Grove, Cumberland Co., Penn., one | cal matters has again made patent to the points of the harrow teeth and settles down was kept at work for two days, exciting French the evils of their patent laws. | upon the faith of the sale to them: that they have sold the concessions to parties in | England for £30,000 sterling; that within | the past week the defendants have threat- ened to sell the concessions to other parties, | and, if this is permitted, the piaintiffs will | be greatly injured and subjected to claims from the parties in England to whom they had sold. They, therefore, pray the Court a restrain the defendants from selling or transferring the concessions. jennie: - Immigration for March, 1881.—The Chief of the Bureau of Statistics furnishes the following information in regard to immigra- tion into the United States: There arrived in the custom districts of Baltimore, Boston, Detroit, Huron, Key West, Minnesota, New Bedford, New Orleans, New York, Passa- maquoddy, Philadelphia and San Francisco, during the month ended March 31, 1821, 48,234 passengers, of whom 44,125 were immigrants, 2285 citizens of the United States returned from abroad, and 1824 aliens not intending to remain in the United States. Of this total number of immigrants there arrived from England and Wales 3489; Scotland, 913; Ireland, 3173; Ger- many, 19,397; Austria, 1,050; Sweden, 285 ; Norway, 379; Denmark, 415; Belgium, 65; France, 371 ; Switzerland, 1365 ; Nether- lands, 643; Italy, 1010; tussia, 435; Poland, 464; Hungary, 857; Dominion of Canada, 8642, China, 998; and from all other countries, 174. The number of immi- grants arrived at the above named ports during the 9 months ended March 21, 1881, was as follows: From Germany, 102,098 ; ’ among them, but these, by the rolling motion | the greatest interest and appreciation. ‘* Why,” asks M. Géraldy, one of their most | Dominion of Canada, 86,887; England and of the wheel, are continually moving back- ward and upward through the earth, stir- ring it, tossing it, thoroughly pulverizing it, and sending it out in a shower —_—_—_—_—— EE A very distinct photograph of a lightning behind the wheel to cover the weeds passing | flash was taken by Mr. Crowe, of Liverpool, below it, and to fill up the furrow in its|during the severe thunder storm which path with finely prepared earth fit for | visited that city om July 17, 1880, The immediate seeding. flash, which has been made to photograph This is the first harrow devised that handles | itself by its own light, appeared over the earth from below, where the teeth have |St. Philemon’s Church at the instant the an advantage over it, and where all the | bell tower was shattered to pieces. low is exposed to the | actly resembles the zigzag spark of an in- he power of a large | duction coil, and is estimated to have been lish the same ends, but they have | rolling wheel—one of the simplest and mosta | bout 51 inches broad, earth turned by the action of the teeth. It ex- prominent electricians and scientific men, | ‘have we no important electrical works, such as the Western Electric Company, the | California Electrical Works,}Tillotson & | Co.’s works, of New York; Siemens and | Halske, of Berlin; the Telegraph Construc- | tion and Maintenance Company, of London, and others of importance both in the United States and elsewhere? Why is it that we are not competitors in the race for the im- | provement of the electric light, and why are there not in this country, as in the United | States, large workshops, with capital | engaged and actively employed in the pro-| Wales, 39,772; Ireland, 33,334; Scotland, |899; China, 4,515; all other countries, 75,825. --- —E—O - Mr. John Watson, a prominent colliery owner of Scotland, has decided to introduce the Swan electric light into his mines. Dur- ing a recent lecture at Glasgow, Mr. Swan’s lamp was handed around the room when in a full state of activity, the insulated cables transmitting the electricity having been made exceedingly flexible. Mr. Swan claims to be able to produce a light equal to 250 standard candles per horse-power, wa ~ , NO ere 88 ee Ee ele a. EE A — ~ . a - ra . ae — 3 : _—_~ naa tae ast ca, laa ae SS eS eee ™- ee ate — — 5 ” _s Jer 64; ae et A * == = A ME et aaa ae - eee — = =e ' eo oa nt —_— ~ — ee : ’ aie —<" ae. a a as —- “_ # a rN ‘4 See Oe, Tl 2 — NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS April 21, 1881, CBlive, ett. 9 THE IRON AGE. —_ FS ____Aditetae ANSONIA _ The Plume & Atwood : . —_ LSS. SSS —,. a —= Bi4£88 & COPPER Pos Ifo. 19 Cliff Sti -e8, Fhe lps Building, = NEW YORK, Mig. Company, MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET. and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, German Silver and Gilding Metal Copper Rivets and Burs, Eerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 80 Chambers Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. ey PHILIP L. MOEN, CHARLES F. WASHBURN, President & Treasurer. Vice President & Secretary. ( Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. | Established, 1831. Capital, $1,500,000 Ay “gg MANUFACTURER. OF BRASS AND COPPER Waterbury Hf CERMAN SILVER, ty Sao Sheets. Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. Scamless Brass & Copper Tubing. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, A ‘a C ted St Platf BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, nsonia Corrugate ove Platiorms. | BUR PURE COPPER WIRE | COPPER RIVETS & 6 S, ’ Fur Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. | Door Rail, Brass Tags, Prosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. | PERCUSSION CAPS > WORCESTER, MASS. {* WIRE DRAWERS. _ Patent Galvanizing, Rolling and Tempering. MANUFACTURERS OF { IRON, AND IRON AND STEFL WIRE. Of Every Description, eS ANSONIA * REFINED POWDER FLASSS, ik Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &e. Rolling Mill, Facteries, ~ S INCOT COPPER. __ And small Brass Wares of every Description. THOMASTON, Ct.| WATERBURY, Ct. | mrs . NODCE & & CO, agg «Tao 7) Nga emer daa A SPECIALTY MADE OF | PHELPS, DOD re aa vp ee ae ‘sae Br idgeport Brass Co, GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE i ng Goods an 00 / IMPORTERS OF Shot Shells. MANUFACTURERS OF | GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WIRE, TIN P LATE, —— ts we gfttess Sheet and Roll Brass, oe PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TIES, if = roadway, New York, ’ ‘ : PATENT STEEL BARB FEN ROOFING PLATE, | 199 Eddy St., Providence, R.1. Conn. | Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, AND PUMP CHAIN. oe f Sheet tren, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, German Silver Metal and Wire, ! NEW YORK OFFICE: _—8T. LOUIS WAREHOUSE: CHICAGO WAREHOUSE: | £1 Cliff St, 802 No. Second St. 107 Lake St; ij Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, { LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS, Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and manufacturir.z Metal Goods. MANUFACTORY, WaREHOUSA, _Bridgeport, Conn. 19 Murray §' St., N.Y. THOS. W. FITCH, Prest and Tress A. A, LASAR, Secy. Manhattan Brass Co,, Manufacturers of Olmsted Patent Ollers, Brass Wire, Prior Patent Oilers Copper Wire, Rroughton Patent Oilers, Copper Rivets, Brass, Tin & Zinc Oilers, Brass Tubing, Brass Butt Hinges, Zinc Tubing, Hurricane Lanterns, Brown's Patent Picture Hooks. Fire Sets, Fenders, &c. BRASS BLANKS AND TUBES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION TO ORDER, OFFICE AND WORKS, Ist Ave., 27th to 28th Sts., New York. ccna naestaceciniapicnacetaneniancmeaaa THE NEW HAVEN COPPER C0., Zine, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. NEW YORK. Me a Sse Tpessy WAN SSS Sheet Brass, “NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS.” Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York. And California Wire Works Co., San Francise 20, Cal. CLIFF STREET, SCOVILL MFC CO BRASS, HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. Manufactory, Nos. 1197, 1199, 1201, 1203, 1205, 1207, 1209 and 1211 De Kalb Avenue, Brooxlyn, N. Y ARD c& MORSE, MANUFACTURERS OF ELOW PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. gente DEPOTS, FACTORIES, D *KERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO.,| Braziers’ & Sheathing 5 ei Be Ti. Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, COPPER. sT. LOUIS, MO., yt pr Kettle Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, Rivets, HOlmes, Booth & Haydens, eh Be a WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORK, BOSTOR, 49 Chambers St. 18 Federal St, Manufacturers of all kinds of Brass, Copper & German Silver, 29 & 81 Cliff St., cor. Fulton, DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool. NEW WORK. ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, &c. JOHN STARR, Hardware & Metal Broker, Wire Fence, Guard . Railing, Nove. oor Galvanized Wire Settee. No. 16 Potten Batve Way Wire Fence, Guards or ROEBLINC’S WORKS New York Office aT per and German Silver ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. = ; 33 Se eee ate MANUFACTURERS’ AGENT. | BRASS & COPPER WIRE,| ®=NToN, a ae R i) ae ne COPPER & BRASS RIVETS Halifax, Nova Scotia, , Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. N. J. Bi 117 Liberty Street. Representing in the Dominion of Canada several American Manufacturers, is ready to accept further Ageucies. Satisfactory references. AND BURS. Riome, New York. A. C. NORTHROP, Waterbury, Conn., BRASS & IRON JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. German Silver Spoons, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Kerosene Burners, &c. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, THE JOHN A, ROEBLING’S SONS CO, WIRE ROPE]... Iron, Steel and Copper Telegraph Wire, Hotsting Purposes ot an| Market Wire, kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Ship Rigging, Sash Cords,/ Vineyard Wire. Iron and Steel WIRE Market Wire, Fence Wire FOR HARDWARE TRADE. Wire, Chain Wire, m, Round and Square Head Cap and mings Wrought Iron and Brass Machine Screws; Turned, He &+t Screws; Brass and Iron ra ana Jack Chain; Gilt, Nic el Plated and Bronze Trimm of all Brooklyn Brass and Copper Cos, Sachenten aka 62. & kinds. from Sheet Iron, Steel or vane. ng s, &c. c. Buckle Wi = Ystimate es on paten ed artic'es, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited aud Degen Suspension Bridge Cables. Rivet Wire, don aan ware GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &c. CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND, Address, HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co., Pa. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germany. PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables. SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, Flusseisen, Swedish and German Charcoal Wire GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and in long lengths. GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, ant ogy Gomand., Stppies, &c. Annealed a Oiled Feucing WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. TELEGRAPH CABLES. Contractors to the German and Foreign governments. The ates house in the brane tinent. Telegraph Address, CARLS WERK, COLOGNE. mes the Con General Agents for U. 8. and i PERKINS & CHOATE, 23 Nassau St, N. Y, J. WOOL GRISWOLD, {| MINERS’ CANDLES, Manutactaser of Superior to any other Light for Mining WiIiRE. Prvenes, Manutaurd ty JAMES BOYD'S SON, TROY, N. ¥. Nos. 10 & 12 Franklin St., New York. promptly given. Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, 100 ____—— NO John Street.N. VY. Street, PASSAIC ZINC CO. Manufactorers of Pure Spelter Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK. Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, 113 Liberty Street, N. VY. Geo. W. Prentiss & Co.. HOLYOKE, MASS., MANUFACTURERS OF - — ABRAM 8. HEWITT, Iresident JAMES HALL, Treasurer. WM. TIEWITY, Vice President. E. HANSON, Secretary. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, N. J., Manufacturers of IRONand STEEL WIRE OF ALL CRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED: Iron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun- Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths. w York Office, COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 17 Burling Slip. Palladelp shia Ofc >» JOHN HEWITT, Agent, a: North Fourth St BRODERICK & BASCOM, MANUFACTURERS OF STEEL WIRE ROPE. St. Louis, Mo. IRON WIRE ROPE. 728 Hi. Main St. A Bright, Coppered, Annealed and Tin Plated, Also GUN SCREW WIRE of all sizes straighte ned and cut to order. The Schoenberg Metal Mfg. Co., Manufacturers of and Dealers in SOLDER, TYPE, Stereotype, Rlectrotype and er Metals, and ali kinds or Dross. 528 and § Street, between Avenues A&B, New York. Also a speci Send Age Rails key thade p 8. Wed 7, P, fl THE IRON AG YY & NMOnRN 0. LINDEMANN etpelecriin manatee ? IRE for all purposes and STEEL SPRINGS of every description. & C0., a ae | ey Manufacturers of all kinds of April 23, 1881. | Japanned, Brass & Tin Plated BIRD CAGES. tS s Catalogues furnished to the trade. 254 Pearl St., NEW YORK. WOU IULELLLLLRELELLLELAE OLR MALLEAAAAAAAAA LA ALAD Market Steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. 234, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, - ~ - - - NEW YORK, WESTON’S DIFFERENTIAL SALESROOMS: 53 CHAMBERS ST.. NEW YORK. 507 MARKET ST., PHILADELPHIA. PULLEY BLOCKS. se PEARL STREET, BOSTON. lo4 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO. | } SOLE MAKERS, YALE LOCK MANFC. CO., Office & Works, STAMFORD, CONN. This Advertisement is Changed Every Week, BROWN & BROTHERS, | 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Manufacturers of | BRASS, COPPER AND GERMAN SILVER, In Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, Rivets and Burs, Etc. Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing | GAUTIER STEEL CO., LIMITED, PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 Ibs. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANK, SILVEK-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich cesigns. GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. POPE, COLE & Co. BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale Waterbury, Conn. JOHNSTOWN, PENN. E: The Open-Hearth Process. BY PETER VON TUNNER,. Next to the Bessemer process, the open- hearth or Siemens-Martin process is de- cidedly the most important for the manufac- ture of steel, and as it is but little known to the general public, the following data relat ing to it may be of interest and value: An essential point of difference between the open-hearth process and other methods of making steel and iron is that the oxidizing action is much less intense, because the gases in the open-hearth furnace contain much less oxygen, and because the latter does not come into such close contact with the metal as in the refining, puddling or Bes- semer process. This has its advantages and its disadvantages. As compared with the Bessemer process the length of time required in the open-hearth is a disadvantage, es- pecially because the fuel consumption is in- creased. The open-hearth process has one great advantage, however, inasmuch as the chemical composition of the product can be determined in advance with great certainty if the nature of the raw materials used is known. This certainty is very much in- creased by the fact that the changes in the chemical composition of the bath of metal take place slowly, so that they can be followed by taking samples. The disad- vantage of increased consumption of fuel may be considerably lessened by the use of the Pernot revolving hearth ; but the Pernot furnace has other drawbacks, notably greater cost of erection and more frequent repairs, so that it is not often used. It ought, therefore, to be the aim in working an open- hearth furnace to take full advantage of its peculiar merits. CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF THE MATERIALS, In order to do this it is necessary, more than with any other process, to obtain an accurate knowledge of the chemical composition of all the materials used, to analyze the pig, spiegel, ferro- manganese, the scrap and the ore and any other additions. It is only in those cases where the variety of the materials is not great and their chemical composition is very amined once for the purpose of learning their composition accurately. In such a case the carbon, and possibly the manganese, of the final product are subject to variations, because the other constituents were either not present in appreciable quantities or be- cause their elimination (as in the case of a moderate amount of silicon) is beyond a question, or because (as with phosphorus) the impurity passes unchanged from the raw material into the final product. Under such circumstances a forging test, easily and rapidly made, suffices for the examina- tion of the product, and, for the sake of controlling it, it is only neceséary to adda determination of the percentage of carbon and manganese, which may be done in a very short time by means of the color test. Besides these the product ought, occasionally at least, to be tested for elongation and tensile strength. In order to illustrate how the knowledge of the chemical composition of all the raw materials is used in aiding the manufacture of a given product, some examples taken from the practice at Graz, Austria, are given. They were embodied in a report to the Swedish Iron Board by Mr. N. Lilien- berg. At the Graz Works rails are chiefly made, the pig and spiegel being obtained uniform, that it may suffice to have them ng from a number of works. The scrap used consists chiefly of old rails. The following is the composition of the pig irons used : |g | a | 5 | S MOULDING SAND. Albany Sand a Specialty. FOUNDRY FACINGS, Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. WHITEHEAD BROS, AMERICAN FACING CO. INGOT COPPER, Also Cakes, of unequaled purity and toughness. Pig Irons. Combined Carbon. Schwechat gray coke’..'0.70|4.10/2. 30 0.02/0.05/3.00 Lélling gray charcoal.. |o.40/3.00|2.27\0.02/¢.03|2.82 Sissek gray charcoal... |o.50/3.00|2.00| tr. |o.05/2.00 Vordernberg gray char- 3-14 |0.60/0.02/0.04/1.02 3-00 |2.16]....|0.06|2.40 Betlér gray coke....... The old rails used contain 0.38 per cent. of phosphorus in the head, 0.22 per cent. in the web and 0.05 per cent. in the base, an average of 0.25 per cent. of posegnarne. Besides, some old Prevali rails are used which show the extraordinarily low per- centage of 0.01 per cent. of phosphorus. The scrap, consisting of sheet shearings, rivets, &c., does not run higher than 0.01 per cent. of phosphorus. The spiegel gener- ally contains 11.5 per cent. of manganese, 4.4 per cent. of carbon, 0.3 per cent. of sili- con, and 0.2 per cent. of phosphorus. Be- sides this, scrap and sculls, as well as crop ends of own manufacture, holding 0.1 per cent. of phosphorus, are employed. There are three open-hearth furnaces, des- ignated as Nos. 1, 2and 3. No, 1 is an old 6-ton furnace, while Nos. 2 and 3 are new 1o-toh furnaces. The furnaces are charged three times, indicated below by I, II and Ill. The following is the composition of the charge, all the weights being given in kilograms : WM. WHITEHEAD, Treas., 517 W. 15th St., New York. RE SAND AND CLAYS. ~% € RIDDLES AND CASTING BRUSHES aspecialty. Superior goods and reasonable prices. i E. T. BARNUM, Detr == HOWARD EVANS. J, A. EMERICK & CO. 1056 & 1076 Beach Street, on PHILADELPHIA, ** MANFRS’ FOUNDRY FACINGS, And Dealers in and shippers of all descriptions oit, Mich, G. Gunther, Manufacturer of \ Patented Brass, Silver Plated es te ae ay : SEER EEE Ee ox 1,0c0 1,000 Mint pion pac Ss i ‘ Sissek pig..........++- + 200 > 00 J" BIRD CAGES Established 1810. Sire ig 2 & & eee y . Wrought scrap......... £00 800 cde mT ' Steel scrap..........+-+. ease £00 1,300 Can be nested for ex- ars - port shipments. GOT i cccccsccoeess a 3400 age illi V be SOG ree ee . 300 eee ee ER Steel GGFED..cccccesess a. aden 1,000 1,000 " oe a Fi B j Steel rail Gorap. cabanas : ; 100 i i sthhanenas ee ,ooo ,goo I, 2 Largest variety in patterns and unsurpassed in Old rails. 200% I ~ geo low prices. New Illustrated Catalogues and Price ie fe =e =" ee E No. % No. 2. No. 3. ’ Betlér pig ceccceroeccees @ eese 400 400 . Oo a9 I,10co THE MONTOUR Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in ee ce ***" 9 5a ~ one Prevalirails.. ....... .. 1,000 2,000 1,800 IRON & STEEL COMPANY ODD AND REGULAR SIZES SAREE cc csnnse ae: : No. 1 No. 2. No. 3 Lolling pig.... ....---++ 130 ‘ wr malta. ae TIN AND ROOFING PLATES f= = = 5 Total charge cain ak ra 10,350 10,450 By calculation the quantity of manganese, carbon and phosphorus in the charges of the various furnaces is as follows: FURNACE NO, 1. Manganese, Carbon, Phos. 25.55 per cent, Pig...... 0.694 1.088 ©.O11 63.69 “ ‘“ OldjRails ..... 0.069 0.126 RAILS —% AND PIC IRON. 4 general assortment of Mine and Narrow-Gauge Rails kept on hand, from which shipments can taade promptly, Black and Galvanized Sheet Iron, Metals, Wire, Copper, Stamped Ware, Hegisters, &c. O., i WOOD, JENNISON & C W. B.C. ’ ’ ing, ' es "4: © Gamem .in .cccd 0.008 0.008 rE 0, COXE, President, Reading, Pe. | Manufacturers of SHAFTING, PULLEYS AND HANGERS—A Specialty, | £25 SpitBei cca Sint S'S ’ Also, Wood’s Patent Bolt Threading Machine, Worcester, Mass. a it 6 @ Gebd «5.39 mon pac 7. P, HOWE, General Supt., Danville, Pa, 8 FURNACE NO, 2, . ‘ Manganese. Carbon, Phos. 28.02 per cent, Pig, 737 1.140 0.0139 42.53 “ ** Old Rails 44 0.0618 ao.cg “Sera 0.047 0.0847 3 inten aS 3-39 piegel ‘ 0.122 0.0060 1090 ‘ Total t.102 1.363 0.0964 28.7 per cent. Pig I ©.023 46.0 Old Rail 5 0.076 22.0 7 ' 33 °° ae Spies ' 1S4 0.007 f. 2 10> . ™ Total 1.139 1.39 115 The ingots made hold on an averago 0,3 per cent. of carbon, 0.1 per cent. of phos- phorus, and 0.2 per cent, of manganese, from which it will be seen that almost no phosphorus is eliminated, and that the decrease in the percentage of carbon and manganese was almost the same in all the furnaces, being 1.05 to 1.09 per cent. of carbon, and 0.9 to 0.95 per cent. of manganese. In manufacturing a less delicate article, like rails, the composition given may be somewhat alt« red without danger, and there- fore a very strict control is not necessary. The tests made with the dpen-hearth steel rails have, however, shown that steel hold- ing 0.29 per cent. of carbon, 0.16 per cent, of phosphorus and 0.21 per cent. of man- ganese is not capable of resisting the tests required, which are a drop of 882 Ibs, fall- ing 16 feet inches, the distance between supports being 3.25 feet. With 0.21 per cent. of manganese the limit is 0.25 per cent. of carbon, and 0.15 per cent. of phosphorus. tails of this composition have a tenacity of of 38.10 tons per square inch and an elonya- tion of 14.5 per cent. It may therefore be necessary, even in making rails, to keep within narrow limits as far as the composi- tion of the raw materials is concerned, and even then a frequent and close control may be necessary. But if the percentage of manganese, which in the present case was only 0.21 per cent., is increased, the percentage of phosphorus may run up without danger, especially if the carbon is decreased at the same time. Herr Lilienberg quotes the results of some experi- ments made in this direction at Terre Noire, France. From his data it is shown that the steel us for rails contained : a, b. ce. Manganese ° 45 0.64 1.10 Carbon pheebne ee ». 245 275 (0.24 Phosphorus dunn 2 The tests made with these three grades of steel yielded the following results : a db, c Elastic limit,tons p. sq. inch. 19.43 21.40 a2 09 Tensile strength, tons per sq. 2O4 0.29t 0.3233 crates $-22 30.59 $7.14 Elongation, per cent. length 7.87 inches.) teak d - 28.0 25.5 24.0 By using ferromanganese instead of the spiegeleisen generally employed, it is possi- ble to produce by the open-hearth process steel rails of good quality, even with old materials very high in phosphorus. This may be done especially if the pig is pure. In any case, however, it will be absolutely necessary to possess an accurate knowledge of the quality of all the raw material and to control the product made, the only means of obtaining with full certainty the highest possible quality. If, therefore, in making rails in the open- hearth furnace a pretty accurate knowledge of the chemical composition of the raw materials is necessary, and frequent exami- nations must be made to attain that end, it will be understood what care must be taken in this respect in manufacturing steel for such articles as sheets, wire, &c. The maintenance of these conditions is somewhat facilitated by a closer and more limited choice in the sources of supply of the raw materials. THE FURNACES, THEIR CONSTRUCTION, MAIN- TENANCE AND WORKING, Attempts have been repeatedly made to supplant the somewhat complicated and costly Siemens furnaces by others more sim- ple in their construction. In France the Ponsard has found some application, and in Germany the Bicheroux, in Sweden the Ekman, and in England the Price furnace has been tried. All these attempts have been in a measure successful, steel having really been melted in these simpler furnaces. But the Siemens furnace has always proved the best, because the object has always been attained with certainty, and it may be justly said that in all countries the Siemens furnace is chiefly, if not exclusively, used for the production of open-hearth steel, and therefore it shall be alone considered in the following : There are large differences in the various works as regards the size of the furnaces, the method of heating, conducting gas and air into the furnace and mixing them. At first small furnaces, having a capacity of only 2 to 3 tons, were generally built. But as it was soon understood that it would be possible to work more cheaply with« larger furnaces the dimensions were in- creased, and now 5-ton furnaces are consid- ered small, the greater number being capable of working 6 to 12 tons. The advan- tage of the larger ones consists ciefly in a considerable saving in fuel (from 29 to 40 per cent.) and labor, comparatively smaller first outlay and cost of maintenance, and often even a lower waste of iron. The smaller furnaces may serve for experimental pur- poses and for the production of smaller quantities of metal of special composition and quantity. As a rule, the materials to be melted are preheated in a special furnace, and are then carried into the open-hearth furnace when at a redheat. By this means the furnace is cooled less and the time of the process is shortened. It is true that the labor and the consumption of fuel is some- what increased, and it has been tried in some establishments to make a preheating space in the furnace itself by enlarging it toward the gas flue near the working doors, This, however, affects the tempera- ture of the melting space injuriously, and the work in the furnace, notably the clean- ing of the hearth, is rendered more difficult, This arrangement is, therefore, rarely adopted, and the charge is either put in par-— tially or entirely in a cold state, or it is pre- heated in a special small reheating furnace, As these reheating furnaces can, as a rule, be run with a lower grade of coal, the cost of increased luel consumption is not great, €u eee Sa ase wr ex i pews == THE IRON AGE. April 21, 1882, 4 | Xron. | Xron. Xron. Xron. Ron. a TT acces ij. jiminamooames - EW YORK NEW YORK. NEW YORE. PITTSBURGH. PITTSBURGH. OGDEN & WALLACE,|A. B. Warner & Son, |JOHN W. QUINCY & CO..1W) p Wann 9 ngic cata adds ee IRON MERGHANTS Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, i ron an d. Stee | 28 & 29 West and 52 Washinaton Sts Wren Sey 2 ae ag ieee ho a BOILER PL AT BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER, ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &c. 0 ee een ret! we| HARBISON & GILLOON BLACK DIAMOND STEEL. x \ Beiller and Tank Rivets. APS Sek ene Seen Sa ey Sole Agents for the celebrated IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 558, 560, 562 WATER S8T., and 302, 904, 906 CHERRY ST., ~}“Kureka,” §Pennocks,|“” ene 6“ Wawasset,” Luk ens, have ave om hand hand, and and offer Soa sale, the {otlowns —— ro, t, Brands of Iron. Alsoall descriptions of Plate, Sheet, Wesaseerans so old Copper, Deupeaion, ‘Brae, a OXFOR D IRON CO. aa 6th i i = , ROME MERCHANT IRON MILLS, (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) Manufacturers of the ‘best grade of N Pa | Bar Iron, Bands and FineHoops'C ut Nails Horse Shoe Iron. Also from Charcoal Pig a 2 pate SNOW SHOES fea N@ ROADSTER @ PATTERN. PIERSON & CO,, 24 & 26 Broadway, 77 & 79 New St., NEW YORK CITY. “PICKS” of all kinds, “ ESOPUS” HORSE SHOE IRON, BEAMS, ANCLES, Tees, Channels, Sheets, Plates. All descriptions in stock. IRON & STEEL. ABEEL BROTHERS, Established 176, by ABEEL & BYVANCK, Iron Merchants, 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. ULSTERIRON PATENT Planished Sheet Iron. Patented March 14th, 1865 ; April 8th, 1878 ; Sept. 9th, 1873; Oct. 6th, 1874; Jam. 11, 1676. Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the tee eee STEEL TOE CALKS. Extra Quality Homogeneous Steel ~"Eeeace BOILER PLATE by all the principal METAL DEALERS | STEEL PLATES, all descriptions. In the Large cities throughout Cut Nails and Spikes, Plate and Sheet THE UNITED STATES. | Iron, all descriptions, And at their Office, Pittsburgh, IN! Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. ee WILLIAMS, LONG & McDOWELL Manufacturers of OLD RAILS, SCRAP IRON, STEEL, yey & IN , = oR Orders Sa ca an Rees 8 0b om SPIKES. ALLSTON GERRY & 7) J. 8S SCRANTON, Sales Agent, n Ny eer 2 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, IR PTT MiP ema ast NEW YORK. niece A ee areata IRON AND STEELRAILS.OLD RAILS BURDEN’S SCRAP AND PIG IRON Co. BANE, A full assortment of all sizés constantly on hand. t S Refined Iron, Horse-Shoe Iron, & D R U Mi s PIC IRON, BLOOMS, Pittsburgh - Common Iron, $ O W AND.ORE Pittsburgh, - - - Pa. Band, Hoop and Scroll Iren. * . sheet Trem, Sintins < Brokers in o PITTSBURGH, PA. Portsmouth Ir on and Steel ( Co., uccessers to Norway Shapes, te J GAYLORD RO Cast, Spring and Tire steel, ete. || RON, ; Bu rd 2 n B p si sits ai tie sii eli i das D ROLLING MILL CO., F. B. Laveuum, Vice-Prest. W. A. SHaw, Treas. Siemens-Martin (Open Hearth) UNON gown | STEEL BOILER PLATE, Storage and leoue Warrants Agricultural and Machinery Steet and Steel Tire. mogeneous Iron Boiler Plate and Riveta, TIN PLATES A. R. Whit F a & METALS, lron Manufacturer of and Dealer in i Fe O N, 6S Wall St., New York. PIG IRON, BLOOMS, INGOTS, Sercnane 2 Bar, Hoop and ‘Sheet tron, Wrought Neen EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE MUCK BAR, RAILS, &c. WILLIAMSON & CO. ‘ s aiesaak & — JAMES : ’ Boiler Rivets yan ee raiative to establishment of PORTSMOUTH, OHIO. SCOTCH AND AMERICAN ‘ General Office, PITTSBURGH, PA. _| pres'é snd Giou'l Bup't, GEO. 8. LEWIS, 6, 58 & 60 Hudso 48; £0 & 63 Thomas, anal lead 12, 14 & 16 Worth Sts., Oar specialty is j Manufacturing Iron Used in the Con- struction of Fire-Proof Buildings, Bridges, &e. Plans and estimates furnished, and contracts made for erecting Iron Canes S of every description. Books oo cuts of all Iro @ sent on ap- plication by Sample peeces at office. Please address 58 Hudson Street. BORDEN & LOVELL, Commission Merchants 70 & 7i West St., a rts} — New York ROM AND STEEL BOWLER PUTE. YLSTER BAR IRON. All sizes and shapes in stock. Also Best Grades of ______| Am, & Eng. Ref'd Iron,C lron,& AND IMPORTERS OF Borden Mi C SCOTCH AN TN ee eT tee | ere ek WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., Huon W. Apams aware 6 L. Coss. | For spot delivery and for prompt or forward shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, IRON MERCHANTS] W.S. MIDDLETON, __[*timents fo New Yor | Cor. Albany & Washington Sts., Broker in Machinery & ir ON | for sale in lots to suit by NEW YORK CITY. Agent for M. H. Wareacm, FORSTER'S CRUSHER & PULVERIZER, GAMES 'ERE & O9., TS The best in market. Sole Agents for the United States, B. F. JUDSON, W.S. MIDDLETON, 52 John St., N. ¥. 72 Pine Street, New York. Importer of and Dealer in | ° SCOTCH AND AMERICAN S. A. LISSBERGER, |B ATES & DESPARD, P i s Iron : 117 Peart St., New York, P. 0. Box 764, IRON & METAL DEALER, 509, 511 and s19 to sag East ioth St., New York, Importers of Wrought & Cast Scrap lron, STEEL AND IRON RAILS, SWEDISH OLD METALS. have on hand, and offer for ane, ee follo $53 £452 Scum sez} = NEW YORK. Scotch and American Fig I Wrought, Cast BARS, STEEL AND PIG IRON. 23 DANIEL F. COONEY, _ and Machine Serap Iron, Car “Wheels ee and te ee alec, old Copper, Composi- | | SCRAP IRON an OLD RAILS ¢, f. and L to (Late of and Successor to Jas. HH. Holdane & Ce.) 88 Washington &t., N. ¥. BOILER PLATES: and SHEET IRON, on hela a ‘ T “ey “Cut tele t Spies, Sable Iron and Nail Works. ne ZUG & CO., Manufacturers of the Celebrated SableNails Office and Works, PITTSBURGH, PA. LEECHBURG Ik IRON WORKS. P ! G I R Oo N, Burden Iron Works, H. Burden & Sons, No. 69 Wall St., New York. ULSTER IRON WORKS, 18 Wall St., New York. Troy, N.Y. EGLESTON BROS. & CO., 166 South Street, 267 Front Street, | NEW YORK CITY. Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co BURDEN’S CARMICHAEL SEMMENS| MM B® S. 130,132 & ane here PTe «> New Work, Agent for Otis’ celebrated Cast Steel Boller Plates, Laurel R pecirtes seep Sete: Wes LT; ion Tu avon Beams, Tees, Bi Rivets, é &e. 7 an Agents for the sale of Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, Ww. Bisrsax. KIRKPATRICK & CO., Manufacturers of all grades of FINE SHEET IROnNnNs, (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, ae)” NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OFFICE, No, 143 First Ave., ee 2 Pa. WORKS, Leechburg, Pa, SWEDISH IRON. J. F. FULLARTON, Bennett Building, NEW YORK, Representing ~1L. G. BRATT & CO, and the UDDEHOLM CO., Sweden. Pig, Bars, Rods, Swedish Besseme + on Martin- Sie- ns irons; also, Steel and ron Rails, Blooms me Ola Ralls, , Scrap Iron and | Steel al FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC SCRAP IRON, STEEL, RAILS AND METALS, Yards 7 Office, 88 to a Mangin St., NEW YORK. DanrEt W. Ricwarps, Mo B. 8 : : RTON MITH. PASSAIC ROLLING MILL ¢ Co., Manufacture and have always in stock ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forg- ings, Eye Bara, £c. DANIEL W. RICHARDS & CO., Agency for Pottstown Iron Lebanon Rolling Mills, Pine yy Works, Laurel Iro on Works, 7 Sorgen Rolling Mills at Jersey City, Glas gow iron C ency of Swedish: & Norway iron MARSHALL IRON CO., of every d Stock on hand at Boston, Bow Sore and Philadelphia. Importation orders ¢ ! Best Charcoal Bloom, Best Refined & Common GUSTAF LUNDBERG, 33 Kilby st., Boston. S ut Ee E T f R oO N. ALBERT POSTS, Philadelphia Agent, 234 & 236 N. Front Stree * Office and Mills, COMBINATION STEEL & IRON CO., ieee ttle litdhantenne CHESTER, PA. PRR We are now prepared to tli the COM- Z = = 4 fe opens ELS | BINATION RAILS under Wheeler's patent. Vo i Orders solicited. New York Office, 82 JOHN ST. CO. 4. WHED, General Moenager. Banker and Note Broker, Nos. 3 and & Wall Street, PA TERSO NEW YORK. _Room 45, Astor House, New York, o aye TEs os Le a vena ‘CUT NATI.S: eae “Rolling Mill, Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. Manutacrre of FULLER BROTHERS &CO.., HORSE SHOE IRON 139 Greenwich Street, New York. JOHN LEONABD, 450 West St., WV. X, Newport, Delaware. Att i r Co ea aN | fitted Ores, § Price April 21, 1881. Kv ow. PHILADELPHIA. Epon. PHILADELPHIA. Siemens’ Regenerative HENRY LEVIS & Co., ’ Manufacturers’ Agents 6 A S FURN A For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and 8 Sheet oe oe Railway ments. RICHMOND & POTTS, [cia Rails, Axies, and Wheels bought and sold. 119 8. Fourth St.. PHILADELPHIA, PA. | 234 S. 4th St., Philadelphia. The Cambria Iron and Steel Works, Having enjoyed for over TWENTY-FIVE YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality of RAILS, have now an annual capacity of 150,000 Tons of Iron and Steel Rails, Splice Bars, &c. ADDRESS, CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, No. 218 South 4th Street, Philadelphia. ‘Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. Or LENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Pine St., N. Y¥. THE PHCENIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges