The Iron Age 1881-04-07: Vol 27 Iss 14

l. he \er The Iron Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. Vol. XXVIT: No. 1 The Kitson Reversing Gear for Rolling Mills. Although modern rolling mill practice | 4. — Training Schools for Artisan Apprentices, The Journal of the German Railroad | apprentice, on being made journeyman, | been trained in the shops during the last | SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL. | Shall receive a present of some article | that will be useful to him in his vocation, for instance, a technical book, atraveling outfit, points to the general introduction of com-| Union gives an interesting account of the | &c., to encourage him to continue his studies pound condensing reversing engines, there are many cases where a good reversing gear for fly-wheel engines will be of very great apprenticeship system in the Prussian Rail- | | road shops. For a considerable time the management independeatly and occupy his loisure hours profitably. After the lapse of the first two | years of apprenticeship the apprentices are utility. In a recent issue of the Verh. d. | of the workshop of the Berg and Mark Rail-| put at contract werk, in order that during Ver. z. Befordg. d. Gewerbfl., Prof. Peter Von | road have devoted much attention to train-| their four years’ stay they may be taught to Tunner, the venerable Austrian metallurgist, calls attention to the Kitson reversing gear, which, in its latest form, has been working for many months at the Monkbridge Iron | Works, Leeds, England. Mr. Kitson’s gear was introduced at his works quite a number of years since, and it attracted general atten- tion, but until recently the need of frequent repairs prevented its general introduction. This drawback, Herr Tunner states, has been sufficiently removed by the latest improve- ments to warrant a more extended use. It may be true in some cases that a compound engine without a fly-wheel may really not | consume more steam than a machine with a fly-wheel, but in most rolling mills the con- ditions are such as-to render this doubtful. Especially for sheet mills, in which the rolls are reversed frequently and at short inter- vals, it dees not seem likely that a reversing engine does not consume more steam than a machine with a fiy-wheel and the Kitson reversing gear. Besides, it is possib'e with the latter to stop the rolls more promptly in case of accident. As now constructed, the Kitson gear consists of the follow- ing parts, shown in the accompanying engravings. A is the main shaft to be reversed. It is pierced from one end to the other by a hole into which water pipes are laid. The middle portion is square, as shown in section, Fig. 1, for the purpose of firmly ing driving disk C, Figs. 1, 2 and 3. B and B', Fig. 2, are gear wheels which rotate in opposite directions, being een by gearing in the a way. C, Figs.1, saan 3, is the driving disk, which consists of two parts. Toitare attached the annular pis- tone D D', Fig. 3. The friction clutches E E', Figs. 2 and 3, can move freely on the shaft A. They are provided with annular cylinders, ee’, into which the pistons D D' fit. The pipes H H' are intended for conveying the water from an accumulator to the annular cylin- ders. In order to operate the reversing mechanism, the water may be turned on or off by means of the valves K K', Fig. 3, so that the hydraulic pressure acts upon either one of the cylinders ¢ e' or both are cut off from the pressure. The change may be made by turning either one of the valves, and can, therefore, be effected almost in- stantaneously. If the pressure acts upon the cylinder ¢, the friction clutch E is f seod saninat the gear wheel B, which is thus clutched between Gand E, All the wheels are then rotated by the machine, and the shaft A revolves in the same sense as the gear wheel B, because the bolts F F', Figs. 2 and 3, pass through the disk C. Whenever the pressure is cut off from the cylinder E by turning the valves, the wheel B is released, and if the pressure is transferred to the cylinder e', the wheel B' is clutched. The shaft A is then forced to revolve in the opposite direction. As soon as the pressure is cut off entirely from both cylinders, the clutch releases both of the wheels B and B', and, though they continue to revolve, the main driving shaft of the train A remains stationary. The general plan, Fig. 4, shows the arrangement of the machinery, the fly- wheel engine being at the left and the roll- ing train at the right, the reversing machin- ery occupying a position between the two. —— PS" A Plea for Improved American Machinery.—A practical miller, writing to the Glasgow Herald, expa- tiates at great length upon the causes whi have brought about the runinous competition of American millers with those of the British Islands. He con- tends that the English mil- lers have neglected the most important point in the contest for the supremacy, viz., the improvement of their machinery, and that therefore the only reason why the American producer can import and undersell his English competitor is that he has the means, through his superior me- chanical appliances, to _ duce a finer grade of flour ata cost and with an ease which puts the English mil- ler hopelessly in the back- ground, The writer, how- ever, claims that much of the American flour imported into England is sold at an actual loss, and advises his co-workers to adopt the most improved American machinery now in use, and Seize upon every new device as it comes from the inventor’s hands. ce Prof. Robert H. Thurston calls our atten- tion to a typographical error in his paper, which was reproduced in our abstract in a recent issue. The alloy which he has found to be the strongest is composed of 55 parts of copper, 44.5 parts of zinc and 0.5 parts of tin, not 2.5 parts, as printed in The Jron Age of March 24. tr Fig. 3.—Section through A B, THE ing apprentices and fitting them te become valuable assistants in their car and locomo- tive repair shop. The remuneration which the apprentices receive is fixed for the first half year at 60 pfennigs (15 cents) per diem, to increase half yearly for the first two years to 1 mark, 20 pfennigs (29 cents), and during the two last years of his apprenticeship to further increase half yearly to 1.60 marks (40 cents) per diem, Itis also arranged that after completing his probationary work, every po OA Fig. t1.— Vertical Section through O D. New York, Thursday, April 7, 1881. twenty years. In this personnel the rail- road possesses a staff of capable workmen, accustomed to careful work, and by reason of their training thoroughly acquainted with every detail-in the construction of rolling steck, and who, in'both capability and useful- ——————————eEEEEEEEE—————E~—_;__——__ $250 a tear, Includina Postage. Single Copies, Zen Cends. | Prof. Marsh, of Yale College, has pub- lished a very valuable monograph on THE EXTINCT TOOTHED BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA, . ® | ness, as well as in general conduct, arein nO) go far as completeness of the remains is respects behind their fellow workmen who have received different training. | (re — Hi Fig. 2.—Plan. ee - a Fig. 4.—General Arrangement. KITSON REVERSING GEAR FOR ROLLING MILLS. understand and accom every branch of work undertaken in a railroad work- shop. Only in a few isolated cases, in which the apprentices were in reality themselves the cause,bas it beem found necessary to ae the period of practical instruction beyon thistime. A one number of the higher class of skilled artisans in the repair shops of the Berg and Mark Railroad, partioularly in the Witten shops, are apprentices why have American Steamship Line Finances. —The annual report of the managers of the American Steamship Company showed a deficiency fer the year 1880 of $57,510.15. The receipts for the year amounted to | $942,984.84, of which $554,952.90 came from freight, $384,351.81 from passengers and $3,680.13 from miscellaneous services. The operating expenses were $730,759.39 ; disbursements for shore expenses, $102,- 917.89, including expenses of agencies, | concerned, the remains are remarkably | perfect, considering the fragile character of the birds’ bones, there being almost per- | fect skeletons in some cases. The first | Specimens which were taken from the creta- | ceous deposita of Kansas were found by Prof. Marsh in 1870, and there are now in the Yale Museum more than 100 individuals of this group. The deposits in which they haye been found consist of beds of a fine yellow chalk and a calcareous shale, which have been little disturbed, and to this fact the wonderful preservation of the fragile | bones is due. There have been found two | widely separated types of Odontornithes, as these toothed birds have been called by Prof. | Marsh. They both lived during the creta- ceous period in the same region, and yet dif- fered more from each other than any two recent birds. One of these groups includes | very large swimming birds without wings |and with the teeth in grooves. The other contains small birds, endowed with great powers of flight and having teeth in sockets and biconcave vertebra. Some of the aquatic birds measured almost 6 feet from the tip of the bill to the end of the toes, There were 14 functional teeth in the maxillary bone, while in each ramus of the lower jaw there were 33. These teeth were implanted in a continuous groove, and were no doubt held in place during life by cartilage. The method of replacement of the teeth was sim- Uar to that in some reptiles. The young tooth was formed on the inner side of the one which it was to replace. As it increased in size, the facing of the old tooth became more and more eaten away, and was finally | expelled by the new one. The bill was | long and slender, the neck long and flexible, and there were no functional wings. The legs were powerfully developed, but were | adapted solely for progression through the | water, a character which those of neither | recent nor fossil birds possessed. The tail | was wide, long aad broad, and must have been of great service in steering and diving. The second class of toothed birds were small, | of the size of a pigeon, with very large, | stroug wings, bnt small legs and teeth. The teeth were implanted in distinct sockets and | were strongly recurved. The method of re- placement of the teeth was not lateral, as | in those of the first-class, but vertical, as in | the crocodile. That they were provided | with feathers is proved beyond question by | the tubercles for the attachment of quills on the forearm. The discovery of these two | aneient types’ of birds, so widely different from each other and from all known mem- | bers of the class, gives many hints as to the | genetic origin of birds, and proves especially interesting as confirming the generally ac- cepted view of the close relationship between birds and reptiles. Before a recent meeting of the Engineers’ Club of Philadelphia, Prof. M. L, Haupt read a paper describing | A SYSTEM OF DEFLECTING ARMOR FOR SKA- COAST DEFENSE, designed by Mr, N. B. Clark, Past Assistant | Engineer, United States Navy. The inven- tor’s improvements are based upon the fact that it is much simpler to resist the effect of a projectile by deflecting it than by opposing it by thick masses of inert matter, as is evinced by the ‘‘ricocheting” of a shot upon the water. He protects all the vital parts of the vessel by an iron shield, convex upward, placed below the water line, and so curved that a shot cannot strike point blank, The guns are mounted upon the back of this shield, but incased in double convex disks, which are practically invulnera- ble. They are worked by very ingenious, but simple, devices in the hold, and loaded, swabbed and run into position for firing by hydraulic pressure. It is claimed that by this means a great economy is effected in the weight of metal re- quired for attack and de- fense; the vessel is more readily handled, more sea- worthy and is invulnerable. The principle may be applied equally well to the cunstruc- tion of batteriesfor defense on shore. —— ‘ | It has been proved by Herren Strouhal and Barus, from experiments in which steel wire was treated so as to show all degrees of hardness between the glass-hard and an- nealed states, that the thermo-elevtric aad galvanic properties of steel vary with the | degree of hardness in a very sensitive man- ner. Their researches, which were published | in Wiedermann’s Annalen, throw some use- | ful light on the nature of the annealing process, and on the magnetic behavior of steel in relation to its hardness and other properties, a subject which fully deserves | the closest investigation, en ae, aah Pie A ti oe oe a Sr ~ - he oe ee hal —_ 2 ty “= rer 9 ——— 7 jo z - so a te ~ ~~ = ee Ly “— . » 7 . wey os > ~ —~ eS = THE IRON AGE. ee ___ FAetals, sActals fAetals. ANSONIA | } ThePiume& Atwood BRASS & COPPER Kade) Wo. 19 Cliff Str cet, A . : Phelps Building, NEW YORK. : : dil Mfg. Company, SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, German Silver and Gilding Metal Copper Rivets and Burs, Eerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER’ Waterbury ‘Brass Co. CAPITAL, - - $400,000. Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, CERMAN SILVER, | Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, BRAS AND COPPER TUBING, COPPER RIVETS & BURS, BRASS KETTLES, ila Rail, Brass Tags, PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASSS, | | hes, Tape Measures, &c. INCOT COPPER = pp Plsieynde Be sge: Bos. Description, = = = c Jartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. PHELPS, DODGE & C0,| (<2 Capewell Mf. Co.’s Line o1 Sport- IMPORTERS OF Sheets. Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. Seamless Brass & cepeae| Tubing. Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms, | PURE COPPER WIRE For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Prospher Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. ANSONIA Yi REFINED 80 Chambers: Street, New York. 13 Federal Stréet, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Factories, Rolling Mill, | WATERBUR RY, cu t __THOMASTON, Ct. | WATERB Bridgeport Brass Co., MANUFACTURERS OF ing Goods and Wood’s Paper Shot Shells. Sheet and Roll Brass, on Peer e 296 Broadway, New York, WATERBURY, ROOFING PLATE, [199 F4dy St, Providence, RK. Conn, | Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, mean German Silver Metal and Wire, Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zine, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, . | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS. Manhattan Brass Co,, Manufacturers of Olinsted Patent Oilers, Prior Patent Oilers Breughton Patent Oilers, Brass, Tin & Zinc Oilers, Sheet Brass, Brass Wire, Cepper Wire, Copper Rivets, : STREET, NEW YORE. Brass Tubing, Brass Butt Hinges, manufacturing Metal Goods. Zinc Tubing, Hurricane Lanterns, Brown’s Patent Picture Hooks. MANUFACTORY, WAREHOUSE, Bridgeport, Conn. 419 Murray St., » N. ¥. Y. SCOVILL WN MFC CO BRASS, HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. ———— A. A. LASAR, Secy. Fire Sets, Fenders, &c. BRASS BLANKS AND TUBES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION TO ORDER. OFFICE AND WORKS, Ist Ave., 27th to 28th Sts., New York. THE NEW HAVEN COPPER CO., THOS. W. FITCH, Prest and Treas. DEPOTS, FACTORIES, pe Saabs,” rogers 255 Pearl Street, New York. 183 Lake St. Chicago. New York City. Manufacturers of and Dealers in D'CKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO.,/Braziers’ & Sheathing ; Ti Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet tron, Cooper, COPPER. ‘iicen Snath A teaane. Wire, Zinc, Ete. Kettle Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, Rivets, Holmes, Boot ay ens, WATERBURY, CONN. BOSTON, 18 Federal St. 29 & 31 Cliff St., cor. Fulton, DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool. NEW YORK, ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- per and German Silver (In Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), COPPER & BRASS RIVETS AND BURS. Rome, New York. A. C. NORTHROP, Waterbury, Conn., NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS __Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, &c. JOHN STARR, Hardware & Metal Broker, AND MANUFACTURERS’ AGENT, Halifax, Nova Scotia, NEW YORE, 49 Chambers St. Manufacturers of all Kinds of Brass, Copper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. BRASS & COPPER WIRE, Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. BRASS & IRON JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. German Silver Spoons, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Kerosene Burners, &c. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Representing in the Dominion of Canada several American Manufacturers, is ready to accept further Agencies, Satisfactory references, FOR HARDWARE TRADE. Wrought Iron and Brass Machine Screws; Turned, Hexagon, Round and Square Head Cap and Agus Se ’ Set Screws; Brass and Iron Safe rand Jack Chain; Gilt, Nickel | Plated and Brouse Trimmings 7; all Brooklyn Brass and Copper Co-, Dealers in cinds. from Sheet Iron, Steel or Istimates on patented articles, or or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and promptly given. ABRAM 8, HEWITT, President. JAMES HALL, Treasurer. WM. HEWITT, Vice President. E, HANSON, Secretary. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, N. J., Manufacturers of TRONand STEEL WIRE OF ALL CRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED: Tron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths, », COOPER, HE WITT € C a Burling x Slip. VITT, Agent t, 2 orth Fx burth § Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals «iO John Street, N. | PASSAIC ZINC CO. Manufacturers of Pure Spelter Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK. Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders. MANKING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, _ 113 IAberty Street, N. ‘. ¥- Geo. W. Prentiss & Co.. HOLYOKE, MASS., MANUFACTURERS OF New York Offic Phiiadelphia ¢ Oftt re, JOHN HEV BRODERICK & aaa MANUFACTURERS OF IRON WIRE ROPE. Plated. Also GUN SCREW WIRE of all sizes straightened and cut to order. >A WIRE ROPE,| the Schosnierg wera! mig co, SOLDER, TYPE, j ° NS pean? — Se type, Electr . and Babbitt Scent” 728 N, Main St., . > 2 ss St, Louis, Mo, eaeaaee of Bloc * Tin, Antimony, &c. Refiners of So eee Fo Lead, Spelter, &c. iighsst p rice paid d tar Old Honals a re Eas Bereet, Getween Preece oe how OTE Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and OY No. 4. Double or Half Circle Radeg ing Iron y Rack. 0. 55 Corner Hay- Rack, Right Hand. Hoisting Purposes of all kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Ship Rigging, Sash Cords, Lightning Rods, &c., &e. Suspension Bridge Cables. Bright, Coppered; Annealed: ‘and Tin April 7, 1881. SBlive, etc. Sa SS a aie The fr 2 \ rae i ee CHARLES F. WASHBURN, Vice President & Secretary. “Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. Established, 1831. Capital, $1,500,000 | WORCESTER, MASS. | WIRE DRAWERS. Patent Galvaniring, Rolling and Tempering, IMANUFACTURERS OF IRON, AND IRON AND STEEL WIRE. { A SPECIALTY MADE OF GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WI RE, GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WI RE, _#h PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TIES, i PATENT STEEL BARB FENCING, 1 AND PUMP CHAIN. NEW yi RK OFFICE: ST. LOUBS WAREHOUSE: CHICAGO WAREHOUSE: 27 Cif St, 802 No. Second St. 107 Lake St. \ > ——— > ALANS =a 4h ih \ =< SS HOWARD & MORSE, Warehouse: 45 Fulton Street, NEW YORK, Manufacturers of lron, Brass & Copper WIRE a J Plain and Ornamental Wire Work, Wire Fence & Railing, DOOR AND WINDOW GUARDS, tron § Stable Fixtures. Window Guard. No. 9. ———_ Len ——S SS a OFFICE RAILING, c | ’ ——— OSs sedan ain New York Office TRENTON, Warehouse A 117 Liberty Street. MANUFACTURERS OF Telegraph Wire, Market Wire, Vineyard Wire. THE JOHN A | .. ROEBLING'S SONS CO,, WIRE ROPE lron, Steel and Copper FOR Tron and Steel | WIRE Market Wire, Fence Wire Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Rivet Wire, &c., &c. aD M- __ GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND. Address, HAZARD MFG. CO.. Wilkesbarre. Luzerne Co., FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, Cariswerk, near Cologne, Germany. For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables. PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &c. Pa. SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, Flusseisen, Swedish and German Charcoal Wire. GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high cenductivity, and in long lengths. GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, qand 7-ply Strand, Stagtes, &c. Annealed ore Oiled Feucing ire, roun WwiRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, TELEGRAPH CABLES. vernments, The ies pouge in the braneh on the Co Contractors to the German and Foreign tinent. Telegraph Address, CAKLSWERK, COLO General Agents for U. 8. and ‘Goukins Manufacturer of Win E. TROY, N, ¥, Purposes. Manufactured PERKINS & CHOATE, 23 Nassau St, N. Y: “J. WOOL GRISWOLD, | MINERS’ CANDLES. Superior to any other Light for Mininé by NP y JAMES BOYD'S SON, Nos, 10 & 12 Franklin St., New York: 1, 1881. SS LSPS SC SC e Wire 2 Wire, 4 Wire, s, &c. Pa. d Feucing n the Com N. Y. ES, ining ON, THE IRON AGH. Manufacturers of 0. LINDEMANN STEEL WIRE for all purposos and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. sn on : mage aa & C0., Manufacturers of all April 7, 1881. Steel. The Engineer contains the following arti- cle, which will be read with interest Ly the UU ae » Minot - producers as well as the users of steel : Japanned, Brass & It has been known for some time that the Tin Plated Marine Department of the Board of Trade has been experimenting with steel plates, and a species of report on these experiments BIRD CAGES. to the trade. me 254 Pearl St., NEW YORK. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. 934, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, - - o < Re NEW YORK. SOLE MAKERS, WESTON’S _ YALE Lock MANFe. co., Offico & Works, STAMFORD, N. DIFFERENTIAL | SALESROOMS: a PULLEY BLOCKS. mation of Board of Trade surveys has just been published. The report is signed by Messrs. Thomas W. Trail, Thomas J. Rich- ards and Peter Samson. It concludes with the following suggestive words : ‘*Proofs are not unfrequently given that with the increasing introduction of steel in shipbuilding and boiler making, considera- ble variability occasionally occurs in its tensile strength and ductility. One great obstacle to the greater, or even continued, use of steel for the above purposes may, it is feared, be found in the gradual reduction of its ductility, arising from the effects of com- petition between steel manufacturers.” The circumstances under which the memo- randum has been prepared are very curious, and throw some light on the passage which we have quoted. The world in general has been for a very long time assured that the only steel in the market fit for ships and boilers is that made on the Siemens system, and those who make Bessemer steel have either been unable or unwilling publicly | to contradict the assertion. The action taken by the Board of Trade is, no doubt, a blow to the Bessemer interest, and a very considerable boon to the Siemens-Martin interest. This will be} readily understood when we add _ that | the memorandum applies not only to the Siemens-Martin steel alone, but to the steel made by one firm, the Steel Company of Scotland. It does not appear that the Board of ‘Trade is much t> blame in the mat- ter, and yet we cannot say that it has acted quite judiciously. The Board of Trade was UH ° S S 3 nn ec @ a -= eS 3 s nm a a i ei 53 CHAMBERS ST., NEW YORK. 507 MARKET ST., PHILADELPHIA. 36 PEARL STREET, BOSTON. 'G64 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO. This Advertisement is Changed Kvery Week. BROWN & BROTHERS, 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Waterbury, Conn. Manufacturers of D. J, MORRELL, Chairman, W. S, ROBINSON, Treasurer. CHAS, DOUGLASS, Gen’ Supt. GAUTIER STEEL CO., LIMITED. BRASS, COPPER AND : GERMAN SILVER, STEEL, The English Board of Trade and in the shape of a memorandum for the infor- | set forth, although they are not new, are not generally known, It has, indeed, been asserted by many persons that the strength of steel is unaffected by the dimensions of the | tested specimen; and that a steel plate I inch thick is just as good as a | steel plate 4 inch thick. It has, however, been pointed out long since in our columns, that what holds true of thin steel plates |does not necessarily hold true of thick , plates ; and the Board of Trade experiments, | we aro glad to see, confirm this view. Why the thin plates should be better than the | thick it is not very easy to see, because it is | claimed by all makers for their plates that | all are equally well worked. Possibly some | analogy exists between thin plates and thin wires, which, as is well known, are ver much stronger per unit of area than thick | Wire. But we have not done with this set of experiments yet. It was found that the | ultimate extension of specimens Io inches long augmented with the thickness of the plates, varying from 23.5 per cent. with the grain, and 21.2 percent. across it, with 14-inch plates, to 30.6 per cent. and 25.6 per cent, in the case of 1-inch plates. Thus the thick plates had more ductility and less ulti- mate strength than the thin. A very inter- esting comparison may be drawn between steel and iron boiler plates, The breaking stress of the iron plates was 21.2 tons for ¥%-inch, 21.40 tons for %-inch, and 20.86 tons for 1-inch plates, while the extensions were respectively g, 10.1 and 9.8 per cent. If we compare these results with those ob- tained from steel plates, it becomes at once apparent that iron is much the more uni- form of the two. Mr. Trail sums up this portion of his report in the following words: ‘‘Comparing the steel with the iron, the ultimate stress of the former is about 36 per cent. greater than the mean of the latter. The contraction of area at fracture of the steel largely exceeds that of the different irons. In the case of the steel lengthway, it is 49.1 per cent., against 20.6 per cent. for the Yorkshire iron, 13.07 per eeut. for the ordinary iron boiler plate, and 5.4 per cent. for iron ship plates. As the contraction of area at fracture is a guide to asked, it appears, by the Steel Company of Scotland, to sanction the use of the com- pany’s steel in the construction of ships and boilers to be passed by the board. Mr. Trail, in reply to this request, said that he must have some proof afforded him of the fitness of the materia! for the intended pur- pose. ‘‘The company very readily acqui- esced in the justness of the request,” says the memorandum in very queer grammar, “and forwarded for testing a set of plates, ¥ inch, % inch, % inch and 1 inch thick. They also caused to be constructed a set of experimental boxes of different thicknesses of steel plate to represent the flat surface of steam boilers. These have been burst by hydraulic pressure, and a large amount of valuable information gained respecting the strength of such surfaces when formed of steel plates.” Thus it comes to pass, and we have said that nothing appears in the report concerning the steel made by any other firm save the Steel Company of Scotland; and our readers must judge for themselves whether the concluding passage of the mem- orandum, which we kave quoted above, is meant as a warning to the Steel Company of Scotland not to let competition injure qual- ity, or whether it is a hint to other compa- nies that they should follow the examples set by the Scotch firm and eschew competition and its evils. We do not wish it to be supposed that although the experiments of the Board of Trade dealt with only one make of steel, that they are consequently of little value ; on the contrary, we hasten to assert that they are of great value, but that value will be im- mensely increased if some of the Bessemer firms, such for example as Sir John Brown & Co., will come forward and enable the Board of Trade to carry out a similar set of experiments on steel from the converter. It is not to be denied that the steel! company of Scotland not only does its work very thor- oughly, but is in a position to doagreat deal of it. Its works were started at Newton, near Glasgow, in 1872, and have been increased in dimensions year by year. ‘The converting house contains 30 hearths, -the greater number of which have, with their Siemens furnaces, been started, and can turn out 65,000 tons of steel every year. The rail mills can make 40,000 tons a year ; and there are plate mills which can turn out 25,000 tons a year. The consumption of coal is at the rate of 2000 tons a week; and the operations of the company are being ex tended, so that ere long its production will equal nearly 150,000 tons of steel per annum. That the steel made by the company is admirable no one seems to doubt. None is made by running direct from the blast fur nace ; good hematite, steel and iron scrap and iron ore are worked together in the hearth, ferromanganese or spiegeleisen being added just before taking the charge. It takes about eight hours to work each charge, avd this gives, as we have before inted out, ample time to ascertain its quality, and in this respect the Siemens- Martin process has a great advantage over that of Bessemer. In saying this, however, we must not be understood to assert that Siemens-Martin steel is necessarily better than Bessemer steel. The experiments carried out by Mr. Trail were far too elaborate to permit us to notice them all at once. For the present we shall content ourselves with dealing with those ou tensile strains only. All the experiments seem to have been made by Mr. Kirkaldy. The plates tested were { inch, % inch, 4 inch and 1 inch thick; and one of the first points deserving of attention is that the elastic limit was nearly the same with the grain and across it, while the same may be said of the breaking strains. Furthermore, it appears that the thinner the plates the better they were. Thus, while the elastic limit of quarter-inch plates was Ig tons, that of a half-inch plate was but (5.8 tons, and that of an inch plate 14.9 tons. Again, the breaking strain of a quarter-inch plate being 31 tons, that of a half-inch plate was 28.9 tons, and of a I-inch plate 23 tons. It} must be understood that Mr. Trail does not “omens WIRE and SPRINGS. Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 lbs. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANE, SILVER-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich cesigns. GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. POPE, COLE & Co. BALTIMORE WORKS, iemaaonte. PENN. COPPER WORKS, jets wares, 98 ty NY Pit, Wario, 505 Commerc St No, 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., i 0 lf [ D N 6 SA i p : Albany Sand a Specialty. FOUNDRY FACINGS, Also Cakes, of unequaled purity and toughness. Shovels, Riddies, Brushes, &c. WHITEHEAD BROS, AMERICAN FACING CO. WM. WHITEHEAD, Treas., 5617 W. 15th St., New York. x2 € RIDDLES AND CASTING BRUSHES “ specialty. Superior goods and reasonable prices. E. T. BARNUM, Detroit, Mich. FIRE SAND AND CLAYS. HOWARD EVANS. J. A. EMERICK & CO. 1056 & 1076 Beach Street, = PHILADELPHIA, **MANFRS’ FOUNDRY FACINGS, And Dealers in and shippers of all descriptions J. A. EMERICK. ia MOLDING SANDS and Foundry Supplies. == G. Gunther, Manufacturer of Patented Brass, Silver Plated and Japanned BIRD CAGES. Can be nested for ex-| port shipments, | 103 & 105 William St., | NEW YORE. Established 1810. N.&G, TAYLORGO,, PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in ODD AND REGULAR SIZES TIN AND ROOFING PLATES, Black and Galvanized Sheet Iron, Metals, Wire, Copper, Stamped Ware, Hegisters, &c. Largest in terns and unsurpassed in low prices. New iladeated Catalogues and Price Lists on application. THE MONTOUR IRON & STEEL COMPANY, Works at Danville, Pa. RAILS —@ AND PIC IRON.) A genera) assortment of Mine and Narrow-Gauge Rails kept on hand, from which shipments can be |) —— made prompily. W. B.C. COXE, President, Reading, Pa. WOOD, JENNISON & CO., Manufacturers of SHAFTING, PULLEYS AND HANGERS—A Specialty. causes the rate of elongation to suddenly the ductility of material, it will at once be understood to how large an extent the duc- tility of the steel plates exceeds that of the iron, especially the ordinary boiler and ship plates.” Ooncerning the ratio of the elastic limit to the ultimate strength, it is pointed out that, while in Yorkshire boiler plates it is about 58 per cent. of the whole, in steel plates it is 55 per cent., and, consequently, that the steel is really stronger than the iron. But it must constantly be borne in mind that Mr. Trail deals with only one make of steel, and there are no doubt steels in the market which are not only relatively, but absolutely, weaker than iron. It is pos- sible to buy ductility too dearly. All the experiments to which we have called atten- tion were made in the ordinary way, and, it is evident, leave much that is specula- tive concerning the behavior of steel still lost in doubt ; and we cannot help regarding the entire series of experiments as wonder- fully incomplete in this respect. Experi- ments made to ascertain the effects produced by drilled and punched holes illustrate this statement very precisely. We shall prob ably return at no distant date to the con- sideration of these experiments, but we may now say that the tests employed throw little or no light on the points now in the dark. It is well known, of course, that punching a steel plate or bar weakens it very much, but that weakness is manifested in a pecu- liar way. Thus, rails with punched flanges infallibly break at the holes when in use. The mere act of shearing a plate may cause it to crack ; and it would appear that the failures coincident with punching are mani- fested most clearly when the bars or plates are exposed to some jarring action. Mr. Trail, to test the question, ignored shocks and jars altogether, and contented himself with exposing the samples to tensile strains steadily applied. The results he obtained are suggestive and valuable so far as they go, but they do not go far enough. He found, for example, that while drilled %- inch plates maintained a strength of 21.9 tons for the gross area of the plate per inch, punching reduced its strength to 19.3 tons; but in the case of 1-inch plates, punching reduced their strength from 18.3 tons; drilled, to 13.45 tons. It also appeared that with the drilled plates there was a consider- able increase in strength per square inch of net area of plate left between the holes, the gain, in some cases, reaching as much as 13 per cent. Altogether, the experiments go to show that the Steel Company of Scotland produce a very admirable material when tested by the machine. We do not for a moment assert that it is not equally good in actual use, but on this point the memorandum of the Board of Trade is nearly silent, and when it returns to the points on which much ignorance exists, it does not speak in favor- able terms of steel as a constructive mate- rial, while it concludes with a special note of warning. The question of the day is: How comes it to pass that steel which will pass every test in the machine, will play the most unpleasant pranks in the boiler yard or the ship? The Board of Trade have left this question very much where it was; but this is, we think, not the fault of the board. We have already pointed out that some of the makers of Bessemer steel should follow the example set them by their Scotch rivals, and we commend to their attention the following passage from the memorandum, which will aptly conclude this article: ‘‘ The value to be attributed to steel plates when welded urgently requires experimental investiga- tion. While some manufacturers assert their ability to weld steel plates, convincing proof is constantly afforded that others are unable to do so. Even in those establish- ments where the operation is considered to be properly performed, it is only intrusted to certain workmen, as other smiths, equally good for general work, cannot be depended upon to perform it with success. * * An experiment was recently made to ascertain the value of an apparently perfect weld ina furnace which had been subsequently an nesled, and the results showed that the weld use “‘ elastic limit ” to denote the strain when | W4s by no means so good as could have been permanent setting begins, but the load which | obtaiaed with iron It is highly important that further experiments should be made in &. W, SNGRBIOLE, Srose, Teleteiphis, Pe Also, Wood’s Patent Bolt Threading Machine, Worcester, Mas6s| accelerate. It is certain that the facts thus | connection with the subject,” ¥. P, HOW, Gonerat Supt., Denville, Ps. THEIRON AGE. April 7, 1881, xvoN. sa Xron. xvon. xvon. u xvon. NEW YORK. NEWYORK. ___ NEW YORK. PITTSBURGH. PITTSBURGH. OGDEN & WALLACE, 85,87,89 & 91 Elm St., New York. A. B. Warner & Son, John W. Quincy, W. D. WOOD & COS | 98 William Street, New York. lron and Steel IRON MERCHANTS, Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, Wrought Scrap, Cut Nails, Copper, hecate rer pare enerceoss | BOILER PLATE, stock tin.texo,srexrer.awriony. niente fA PT | Oe eed snes | HARRISON & GILLOON | \ SNOW SHOES Fe | on hand. —|«R i. ae IRON AND METAL DEALERS, a ; e N& ROADSTER fae urek a, Pennocks, 558, 560, 562 WATER ST., and 902, 804, 306 CHERRY ST., SS =a # NEW YORK, | =@ PATTERN. <= PIERSON & C0. “Wawasset,” Lukens, | zoamns wsotetnmist Glatt og wa PATENT on \ [F H Brands of Iron. Alsoall descriptions of Piave, Sheet, Wronake tress Fain, od ak Wheels, Anica dnd Brass. Planished Sheet Tron. and Gasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive | Lead. Pewter. Zi uw Patented March 14th, 1865 ; April 8th, 1873 ; iren. Fire Box Ir Iron a specialty. 0 X FOF R D | 0 0 N C 0 bs Sept. 9th, 1878; uct. 6th, 1974; Jan. 11, 1676, 7: E E L TO E CA a K Ss. ROME MERCHANT IRON | MILLS, Guaranteed fully equal in alt respecte to ‘he! Extra Quality Homogeneous Steel ssanutectarers of the bens grade of Ts, ne IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON ’ and at a much less price. Bar Iron Bands and Fingers’ Cut Nails“sor’sa:e, BOILER PLATE Horse Shoe Iron. Also a Charcoal Pig a 8 rior duced by of Iron branded J. All puddled balls re by all the principal ey o” hammer. Or oe may be sent to the } Millor AND 24 Broadway, New York City. lron & Steel. COMMON & REFINED IRON, Hoops, Bods, Scrolls, Bands, Ovals, Horse Shoe, Natl Rods, Steel, &c. se cet, » New ¥ forks ett mM E TA L D E A LE RS STEEL PLATES, all descriptions. aha eireeeniarerenerer , EE S P | K ES In the Large cities throughout Cut Nails and Spikes, Plate and Sheet ABEEL BR OTHER 8, = Ste a! cERnY & Oe J. 8S. SCRANTON, Sales Agent,| THE UNITED STATES. Iron, all descriptions, Established 176s by ABEEL & BYVANCK, ry, 1) BRO 3 ai at dle Ashes bite CBs. | Hilti. Tone |S Meetinoton sree | 1 Wises street, PITTSBURGH, PA, /SCENGERGER & CO., Pe NEW YORK. KEYSTONE ROLLING MILL. C. ANTE, _NILLIMS, LONG & McDOWELL Manufacturers of OLD RAILS, SCRAP IRON, STEEL,; 3 yep On, Iron Merchants, 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. '. SCRAP AND PIG IRON. -: ULSTERIRON| ==" Tee Um eae eee eT ERS T BURDEN’S A full assortment of all sizés constantly on hand. entetines tei %& DR UMM HORSE SHOES PIC IRON, BLOOMS, Pittsburgh, - Common Iron, 2 AND ORE. ——=— a i ie a ee ee Bree 0 VY, PITTSBURGH, PA. Portsmouth Iron and Steel Co., Sheet Iron, Norway Nall Rods, Norway Shapes, Cast, Spring and Tire Steel, etc. A. R. Whitney, Manufacturer of and Dealer in IRON, Successors to CAYLORD ROLLING MILL Co., Wm. Rea, Prest. Saut. Barer, Jr., Secy. Manufacturers of F. B. Lavomuiy, Vice-Prest. W. A. SHaw, Treas. Siemens-Martin (Open Hearth) ONION Seren "| STEEL BOILER PLATE, Storage and Issue Warrants| 4#ricultural and Machinery Steel oN ine and Steel Tire. PIG IRON, BLOOMS, INGOTS, | Merchant Bar, Hoop “a wand. Sbeet Iron, Wrought MUCK BAR, RAILS, &c. Spikes, Fish Bars Pi “Burden Best” lron TIN PLATES & METALS, 68 Wall St., New York. JAMES WILLIAMSON & co., a ® By ony Phd ag to establishment of ronratrSoE sittin Ps 56, 68 & 60 Hudson, : furnaces a 7 48, 50 & 52 Thomas, and SCOTCH AND AMERICAN B | “ { General Office, PITTSBURGH. PA. pret oo tErh 1 Sup’t. LEWIS. 12, 14 & 16 Worth Sts., NEWYORK. 0 er ive S, up Sec'y and Treas. Oar specialty is in Manufacturing Iron Used in the Con- struction of Fire-Proot Buildings, Bridges, &c. Plans and estimates furnished, and contracts made for erecting Iron Structures of ever description, Books containing cuts of all Iron made sent on ap- plication by mai Sample pieces at office. Please addres 68 Hudson “street. BORDEN & LOVELL, Commission Merchants 70 & 7i West St., way. Pesce f New York. Agents for the sale of Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, Bands, Hoops & Rods. Berden Mining Company’s ___ Cumberland Coals. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., IRON MERCHANTS PIG IRON, No. 69 Wall St., New ‘York. ULSTER IRON WORKS, 18 Wall St., New York. Burden Iron Works, H. Burden & Sons, Sable Iron and Nail Works. ——_-_-_a_____ — ZUG & CO., Manufacturers of the Celebrated SableNails Office and Works, PITTSBURGH, PA. Q LEECHBURG If IRON “WORKS. KIRKPATRICK & CO., Manufacturers of all grades of FINE SHebT IRONS, (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, &c.) NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OFFICE, No, 143 First Ave., oc Pa. WORKS, Leechburg, Po ___ Troy, N. Ys EGLESTON BROS. & CO.. 166 South Street, ? 267 Front Street, § NEW YORK CITY. BURDEN’S H. B. & S. ULSTER BAR IRON. All sizes and shapes in stock. Also Best Grades of Am. & Eng. Ref’d Iron,Common Iron,&c Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co CARMICHAEL, EMMENS & WORTH, 130,132 & ee eons St., New York, IRON AND “STEEL BOILER PLATE. Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &c., &c, nt for Otis’ celebrated Cast Steel Boiler Plates, The Coatesville Iron Co, Pottstown Iron Co., The Laurel — Mills, and Union Tube Works; ; Wrought tron Beame &c. ngles, Tees, Rivets, HUGH W. ADAMS & CO,, IMPORTERS OF Dan’t W. RICHARDS. Morrow B B. Surre. SCOTCH AND ENGLISH IRONS,| pane w. RICHARDS & CO,, Agents for American Charcoal and Anthracite Furnaces, 56 Pine Street, New York, Hu on W. ADAMS. DANIELL L. » Coss. W. S. MIDDLETON, Cor. Albany & Washington Sts,, | BrOKer in Machinery & Iron Scrap Iron, Scrap Steel, ; Old Rails and Old Metals, WEw YORE OFT. FORSTER’S CRUSHER & PULVERIZER, 88 to 96 Mangin St., New York. M, H. WaLtace. Wu. BisPHaM. aaniapaeuniniininiaeseandstiasmmmmeaneale ‘ The best in market. B83. EF. JUDSON, | W:-S. MIDDLETON, 62 John St., N. ¥. Importer of and Dealer in =, As LISSBERGER Eabincenpuiaicdshiennedians awe 7 9 SCOTCH AND AMERICAN aed ae METAL DEALER, Glengarnock a and Carnbroe KEP STK OD, g | 31 000 519 t0 549 Hast 9th t,, New York, | have on hand, and offer for sale, the ea SCoTcu PIG IRON, Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, i, oem one American Pig Iroo, ¥ Wrought, Bas | neg | Wrought sree also, old C¢ inne] = = OLD M ETA LG, _ | ton bres: Lead, Pewter, Zine, &e. For spot delivery and for prompt or forward BATE shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, as iT: 255 sou South § St. } NEW YORK. ATES & DES P ARD, Baitimore or New Orleans. DANIEL LF. COONEY, Importers of | For sale in lots to suit by Lave st ene en ones L th Holdane & Co.) STEEL AND IRON RAILS, SWEDISH | JAMES LEE & CO., Tre . Sur BARS, STLEL AND PIG IRON, Pig Iron and Bar Iron, SWEDISH | IRON. J. F. FULLARTON, | Sole : BOILER PLATES and SHEET IRON, SCRAP IRON an OLD RAILS c. £. and i. to| Agents Ser the Unieed seaten, Bennett Building, NEW YORE, 7 L ae bes je TW, Cat Nal s i wi America. or f.0 ». English ports. 72 Pine Street, New York. Representing ‘ ler Tavets, agro oo we Ue ioe Sai ceeeas nea See —_—_— ] L. G. BRATT & CO, and the UDDEHOLM CO., Sweden, Agency for Pottstown fren, Ce , Viaduct Iron Works, edish Be and Marti Si i ebanon rm tolling Mijls, Pine 1 Works, Laurel Iron Pp A S S A | C R O . i. | N G M | a . C O., waa es o Bteel and. irom Rails, Blooms | ork e Bergen Rolling » til at Jersey City, Glas. | Manufacture and have always in stock Ola Rails, Scrap Iron and Steel,&c gow iron Co | P. W. GALLAUDET, Agency of ROLLED IRON BEAMS, N. M. HOGLUND’S SONS & CO., Stockholm. THE IRON LINE, Channels, Angles, Tees, M h t R Banker and Note Broker g erchan ars, Riveted Work, For . ings, Eye Bars, &c. . dish & Norwa lron FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF Nos. 3 and 6 Wall Street, | PATERSO IRON, IRON ORE, COAL, &c N, N. J. of every descri . Stock on hand at Boston, " NEW YORK. | Room 45, Astor House, New York. York and Pridnaeiphia: Importation orders @ Bieuiesn Ale ee pomeaie. Lake Cham lain New York, Philadel- BAROWSOM, | SE See tate, eee GUSTAF LUNDBERG, 3: Kilby st., Boston. phia, Pa., Wilmington, Del. ts 1 SS ee oat ALBERT POTTS, Philadelphia Agent, 234 & 236 N. For ea brite to F. W. STARK. $4, Cutaties Slip, AND PAIL JAD PAP - WANT wromt sires cet. | NY. CK, 407 West Lvanes, DVANCES MADE O8 BL ISINESSS P PER AND | THER SECU RITIES, setae Rolling Mill. Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. nonst suk ron FULLER BROTHERS & CO., JUHN LEOVARD, 450 Weet 8t., N. ¥, 139 Greenwich Street, New York. COMBINATION STEEL & IRON CO., CHESTER, PA. I ‘ws iss a: We are now prepared to manufacture the COM- Sr 2%, BINATION RAILS under Wheeler’s patent. Orders solicited. New York Office, 82 JOHN 8ST. STINGS C, A. WEED, General Manager. MI ah qWureeSt. Ht i "a nT it (881. i] April "ss 1881, ¥von. xron. kron. Edward J. Etting, | PHILADELPHIA. ti ———__~ | LIN BROKER AND COMMISSION MERCHANT, 230 S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. HENRY LEVIS & CO., Pig, Bar and Railroad Iron. LS, SCRAP, &e. Manufacturers’ Agents — _————_—— Siemens’ Regenerative GAS FURNACE. RICHMIOND & POTTS, 1a 8. Fourth Mt. PHILADELPHIA, PA. | Agent for the For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and MOU NT SAVAGE FI RE BRICK, Sheet Iron and General Railway The Allentown Iron Co. and Equipments. . Old Rails, Axles, and Wheels bought and sold. The Coleraine Furnaces, STORAGE WHARF AND YARD 234 8S. 4th St., Philadeiphia. DELAWARE AVENUE ABOVE CALLOWHILL STREET, connected by track with railroad. Cash advances made on Iron. ED Steel Having enjoyed for over TWENTY-FIVE YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality of Exclusive SALES AGENT, TE RAIILES, OKE S,. Also celebrated ** Brotherton” Ore, D. W. R. READ, T. HORACE BROWN. 150,000 Tons of Iron and Steel Rails, Splice Bars, dc. D.W.R.READ &CO., ° Dealers and Commission Merchants in »tions. ADDRESS, 4 Sheet CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, ORES, METALS, &c. No. 218 South 4th Street, Philadelphia. Native and Foreign Iron, Manganese, and other Ores, 205% Walnut St.. PHILADELPHIA, Cc O., ar Office in New York, 142 Pearl &t. J. O. RICHARDSON, have now an annual cupacity of Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. sburgh — Pa Or LENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Pine St., N. ¥. we, FATHE PHCENIX IRON 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. ’ Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, IRD COMMISSION MERCHANT, - Pa. STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Pig Iron, Railroad Iron and yy “Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. Iron Ores. el Co. WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, Sole Agent for the MONOCACY FURNACE CO. and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT IKON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, DEALER IN . CO., and built up shapes for Iron Bridges. MOSELEM, ROCKHILL, WARWICK, REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variety of SHAPE IRON made to order. And other Favorite Brands. ) Vins and Specifications furnished. Address’ ||| DAVID REEVES, President. SILVER GREY IRON A SPECIALTY. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILL : ’ a. . scnnigucmianneateiseeumninamad aimed mcrae Eee oe cimanain ATE BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymarch St. J ‘ Ww. HOFFMAN & CO., gg lron Merchants & Railway Equipments. A LA N VW O O D & om 208 South Fourth St., Philadelphia, snd Rivets, Sole agents Glasgow Iron Co. and Pine Iron Works Wrought ' MANUFACTURERS OF manufacturers of Muck Bar and all grades of Plate | d and Ch 1 BI brands for Are boxes and dilitels Gazing, Pines - ’ ’ ran or fire » c Pi Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoa — Bar iron Ralls ‘and ail'shapes in ren.” Quotations Ito. siven on Bridge ng Specifications. i ~PLATE & SHHET IRON. \Weoucht IRON —" No. 519 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. « oe ces : un aod Minow. 8 Stack, e ¢ i . S Orders oat roe A Curgenee. Geciclées, Fee one Eee vanes Five Smoke Stac cea O j i 7 J AS ROWL AND & C0 Steam, Gas and Water Pipe. ' ‘S/Oil Well Tubing, Casing and * Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, LINE PIPE. —— ns are ee Cotton Presses, Forgings, EE I ae ROLLING MILL AND ‘ q n e Anvil Brand Hetine | General Machinery. Also. the James Rowland & Co. Kensington Nails, cut from their Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel, Rounds, — READING IRON WORKS, Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop Iron. _ 261 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia, Correspondence with Dealers solicited. PENCOYD IRON WORKS. " © Faanx Suanrcaen EBE 0. A. & P. ROBERTS & co.,_ 1 a en ee > i. Cc A R “a xX 7. ES s ed Pig, Bloom, pense, Mae nent, Galvanized, Black, Sheet, Pipe and Railroad IRON. BAR, ANGLE, TEE AND CHANNEL IRON. No. 333 Walnut St., Phila. fe, No. 265 %. Pourth St., Philade! phia. Agente for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. Charcoal Bloom and Pig a specialty. Py . « aa IRON. - SCRAP OF ALL KINDS A SPECIALTY. SHIMER & CoO., Late of and successors to W. HUTTON & CO., 250 S. Third St., Philadelphia. OUNDRY FACINCS. S. Third St., Philade AND J. J. MOHR, | =s- | FOUNDRY SUPPLIES. |r-on ‘Gommiscion Merchant, No. 430 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. F Mi © U L D I Al GC SA NY D Sole Agent for the Sheridan and Leesport Furnaces. | A SPECIALTY. A. PURVES & SON, | | G. A. HEBERTON. MANUFACTURERS OF Corner South & Peno Streets, Phila., Albany, Crescent, Tullytown and Lumberton Sands. Scrap Iron & Metals, Machinery, Tools, | Shafting & Pulleys, Steam Engines, —- Pumps & Boilers, Copper, Brass, Tin, Babbit Metals, Foundry ‘NAN LEAD, BITUMEN, SIEVES, MACHINERY SAND, Facings. Best Quality Ingot Brass, | ERICAN LEAD, ANTHRACITE, SHOVELS, BRASS SAND, Cash paid for al