The Iron Age 1881-03-24: Vol 27 Iss 12

oS ae - GP! Vot\ XXXVI No. 12. The San Francisco System of Street Railroads. The system of street cars has been so uni- versally adopted in the United States and abroad, and has proved so cheap and con- venient a way of transporting passengers in and about centers of population, that many attempts have been made to increase its efficiency. The efforts of inventors have been directed principally toward finding some substitute for horseflesh ; and steam, compressed air and electricity have been tried in many different forms without, how- ever, achieving any marked or sustained success. There is one system of which little is geNe: aly known. although it has been 1 successful operation shoes Francisco, Cul., for a number of years, and as attentign is being directed to it in connection with some of our Western cities, a brief account of its principal features may be of interest. The streets of San Francisco north of Market street are narrow, and the grades are very uneven, and in many instances ex- cessive. They are laid out in rightangles 412.5 feet apart, the crossings being, of course, level. It was in consequence of being a witness of an accident on a steep part of an ordinary horse car line that Mr. A. S. Hallidie, an engineer of a pes cisco, thought of applying a system o wire Res Shik he’ hed used, of course in a different form, for the transpor- tation of rocks and other materials. A year later, in 1870, Mr. Hallidie interested two gentlemen of means in his undertaking, and after his preliminary experiments were com- pleted, a company was organized to build the first line. There was so little faith in the future of the enterprise that only 160 shares were sold to the public. The road was commenced in June, 1872, and was finally completed September Ist, 1872. Our illustrations may serve to convey an idea of the principles involved. The system consists in the use of an endless wire rope placed in a tube below the surface of the ground between the tracks of the line. It is kept in position by means of sheaves, upon and beneath which the rope is kept in motion by a statiopary engine located at some convenient point along the line. The power is transmitted from the motor to the rope by means of grip pulleys, which seize and release the rope automatically and pre- vent it from slipping. This endless steel wire travels in one direction in one tube oan in the other direction in the second tube. Along the entire length of each tube is a slot seven-eighths of an inch wide (see Fig. 1). It is not immediately over the cen- | ter of the tabe, in order to keep sand. and | dirt from falling on the rope, to clear the upper sheaves and to enable the foot of the | gripping attachment to pass by and under | the upper sheaves and over the lower sheaves | in the tube. The connection between the ears on the | street and the traveling rope is made by | means of this gripping attachment, which is mounted in a “dummy” under control of | the driver, as shown in Fig. 2. The grip- ing attachment has a vertical slide work- | ing in a standard, and moved up and down | by a screw and hand-wheel. At the lower end of this slide is a wedge-shaped block, | which actuates horizontally two jaws, clos- ing or opening around the rope, according to the direction in which the slide is moved. On both sides of these jaws and attached to them are two small sheaves. They are held, by means of rubber cushions, sufficiently in advance of the jaws to keep the rope off from the latter, and at the same time to lead the rope fairly between them, allowing it to travel freely between the jaws, when they are separated, without touching them. When the car isto be set in motion the slide is drawn up; the wedge at the lower end closes the jaws over the rope, at the same time for- cing back the small guide sheaves on to the rubber = springs. order to stop the car the jaws of the gripping at- tachment are opened slightly, thus releas- ing the rope, which is taken up by the guide sheaves. In order to keep the rope taut under all circumstances, ™ stretching arrangement is provided. The speed of the rope is from 6 to 7 miles per hour, and the power naturally varies according to nature and length of road. In the case of the Clay Hill line, 5197 feetlong, an engine with‘'a 14 x 28- inch cylinder is re- quired, the consumption of fuel being 3700 pounds of coal per day. The weight of the car going down hill also aids in drawing up the car on the other track. The ‘‘ dummy ” is coupled to the passenger | cars, there being seats for 14 passengers in under the the latter, while there are 16 in the dummy. are p Poth together have, however, carried as occur The Iron Ag A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter New York, Thursday, March 24, 1 881. many as 70 passengers, and the roads with | catch in the street, broad gauge have taken as many as 160. In| going backward. addition to the ordinary brakes there is of 1 in 7 another attachment, which forces a broad! ped within a distance of 2 feet. and prevent the car from feet, the steepest gr On a descending incline | gauge is 3.5 feet. the car and dummy has been stop- { oe ry yy ¥ ¥ y nd att A IA AD —_—__ «MLA A 1 11 ae ee ee CES ots : ally free from phos Tuleh Lo Fig 2.— Passenger Car and Dummy. THE HALLIDIE SYSTEM OF WIRE ROPE TRACTION FOR STREET CARS. The first line built was the Clay street | above the initial point being 167 feet. t of a hill | California Street Railroad has 12,0co feetof ing seat of the iron industry. Much at- ided, so that if an accident should a distance of {3300 feet, an elevation of 320 | line, and it passes in that distance over two tention is now being drawn to the iron lands distance of 2600! elevations, the hights being 265 and 235! of North Carolina. band of woed on each track immediately car (see Fig. 2). Strong iron drags road, running over the top in going up hill they will immediately | feet being reached in a — — | 84:50 @ Year, Includina POsHaAZ es Stugle Copies, Ten Cents. , | 1 ade being I in 6,¢5. The | feet above base respectively, the valley be- ; The second line was built t " An by the Sutter Street Railroad Company, ‘ Operating 16,000 feet, the greatest elevation | tween being 125 feet above base line. © An- other line, the Geary Street Railroad, runs over comparatively level ground, and one | new road two miles long is now building, | with others in contemplation. Experience | with the system has been favorable, and jeven those lines which do not encounter | heavy grades are beginning to adopt it, as } it appears to prove more economical, | ee | Underground Haulage of Coal with i Wire Rope. ;*4e poecm mountain (ta.) Coal Company, in | @ letter to Messrs, J. A. Roebling’s Sons Co. | gives the following interesting information : | Ihave the pleasure of reporting to you the | successful working of the gangway ropes | haulage, which I introduced in February of | last year. The rope, which is one mile long, made endless, makes the full length of the haul half a mile. I pick up the loaded | trains of cars at two points, one of which is | haifa mile from the slope, and the other /about a quarter of a mile from the samo / point. The load hauled is from 50 to 80 | tons, including weight of cars. The only ; doubtful feature in the system which | presented itself to my mind was as tothe life | of the rope. The curves on which the rope | works are very short, in fact, as short as /any that one is apt to see in the practice | of mining coal. The rope hauled last year | about 60,000 tons. Most of the wear on the | rope took place when it was first started, (as the strain was hard on it before the | pulleys were properly located on the curves. | The rope was once broken by an accident, |entailing an expense of $75 for repairs. I am of the opinion that, accident excepted, | my rope will last to haul from 150,000 to | 200,000 tons of coal, The rope is driven by a 14 x 36 inch engine. I would, how- ever, prefer a pair of 10-inch engines, as I would get a steadier pull on starting. The advantages are many over those of an underground working locomotive—no | gas, much lighter rail, less wear and tear | on roads, and the rope can be used where | it would be impossible to use a locomotive. To haul 100,000 tons of coal half a | mile the plant, for the working of a rope (excluding boilers) would cost less than the mules necessary for hauling the same amount of coal the same distance. The daily cost of running the rope is $5.25 for labor, and for tar and oil about 75 cents. This | does not include the cost of making steam, as ‘that is done by the fireman at the regular hoisting slope. The steam is taken fromthe surface, and the additional cost for coal is not calculated. The expenses for running would have been but slightly increased had | I hauled 120,000 tons, or double the actual | quantity above stated. When idle there are no expenses, such as mule feed and at- tendance. I conclude that the capacity of my rope is 200,0C0 tons with expenses as stated, and that it can be made to work successfully on any curve that may be met with in | driving gangways. The rope could be made | to pick up its trains along the gangways, | but this would be seldom required, the usual | practice being to make up the trains at some main turnout, the cars being delivered to this point by mules. ———EE EE The rich and extensive deposits of mag- netic iron ores in Stokes County, N. C., will be rendered accessible by railroads now building in that section, and an important development is prom- ised, These ores are said to be exception- phorous, and are found in close proximity to the Piedmont coal meas- ures and excellent lime and building stones, tim ber and water power Some years ago a few capitalists, including Mr William Shars wood, of Philadelphia, became interested in some of these iron lands, but, notwithstanding the possibilities for mak- ing a high grade of iron in that region, at- tempts at development have been delayed for want of transportion, the nearest railroad communication — being 20 miles distant. It js tS 5 proposed, in view ol i as the transportation facil- ities that will soon be afforded by one Or more of these railroads, to organize @ company that may obtain con trol of all the iron lands in that county, which extend on Dan River for six miles in a northwesterly direction from Danbury, when this isolated moun- The tainous region would likely become a thrivy- g 5 i i ob erst ae a Se Fa - ———e « wo grictals. | ANSONIA | BRASS & COPPER oO. Wo, 19 Clift Str: pas Phelps Building, NEW YORK / sgl ot [sie BRASS AND COPPER Waterbury Brass Co, | CAPITAL, - - $400,000. Sheets. Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. | Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brase; | | Seamless Brass & Copper, CERMAN SILVER, Vabing Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, RASS AND COPPER TUBING, Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms. | B COPPER RIVETS & BURS, _ PURE COPPER WIRE BRASS KETTLES, For Electrical Purposes, pay and Covered. Door Rail, Brass Tages, Pnosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. PERCUSSION CAPS, ANSONIA ‘fir REFINED POWDER FLASES, Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &c. INCOT COPPER. — And small Brass Wares of every Description. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. Sole Agents for the Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- ing Goods and Wood’s Paper Shot Shells. PHELPS, DODGE & C0. IMPORTERS OF DEPOTS: Wiills At TIN PLATE, 296 Broadway, New York, WATERBURY, atdanca R I. oni. Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, | ~~ Zinc, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. SCOVILL MFC CO —_>—_—_ BRASS, HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. Manhattan Brass Co., Manufacturers of Olmsted Patent Ollers, Prier Patent Oilers Breughton Patent Oilers, Brass, Tin & Zinc Oilers, Brass Tubing, Brase Butt Hinges, Zinc Tubing, Hurricane Lanterns, Brown’s Patent Picture Hooks. Fire Sets, Fenders, &c. BRASS BLANKS AND TUBES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION TO ORDER. OFFICE AND WORKS, Sheet Brass, Brass Wire, Copper Wire, Copper Rivets, PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. —_———— BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. DEPOTS, FACTORIES, 419 & 421 Broome St., N, Y. Waterbury, Conn, THE NEW HAVEN COPPER CO., 255 Pearl Street, New York. 183 wate tiew ny Manufacturers of and Dealers in DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO.,!Braziers’ & Sheathing Importers of COPPER. Kettle Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, Rivets, _Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, é&c. JOHN STARR, Hardware & Metal Broker, MANUFACTURERS’ AGENT, Halifax, Nova Scetia, Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, Wire, Zinc, Etc. 29 & $1 Cliff M., cor. Fulton, DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool. NEW YORK. ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- per and German Silver (In Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), COPPER & BRASS RIVETS AND BURS. Rome, New York. A. C. NORTHROP, Waterbury, Conn., NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS FOR HARDWARE TRADE. on, Round and Square Head Cap and ‘kel Plated and Bronze Trimmings of all Representing in the Dominion of Canada several American Manufacturers, is ready to accept further Agencies, Satisfactory references. Wrought Iron and Brass Machine Screws; Turned, Hex Bet Screws; Brass and Iron Safety ana Jack Chain; Gilt, Nic kinds. from Sheet Iron, Steel or Br Estimates on patented articles, OF any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and promptly given, -— JAMES HALL, Treasurer. ABRAM 8. HEWITT, President. E. HANSON, Secretary. WM. HEWITT, Vice President, TRENTON IRON COMPANY, INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, N. J., Manufacturers of IRON and STEELWIRE OF ALL GRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED; Iron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal tron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths, York O Mice PER, TEWITT & Co., 17 Burling Slip. Pl silade iphia Otiice, JOHN HEWITT, Agent, 21 North Fourth St. ee & BASCOM, ACTURERS OF IRON WIRE ROPE, 728 N. Main St, Ae The Piume & Atwood Ist Ave., 27th to 28th Sts., New York, March 24, 1881. THE IRON AGE. -Petats. Mfg. Company, SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, German Silver and Gilding Metal, Copper Rivets and Burs, Kerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c. CHARLES F. WASHBURN, PHILIP L. MOEN, Vice President & Secretary. President & Treasurer. Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. Established, 1831. Capital, $1,500,000 WORCESTER, MASS. WIRE DRAWERS. Patent Galvaniring, Rolling and Tempering, MANUFACTURERS OF TRON, AND IRON AND STEEL WIRE. Of Every Description. 80 Chambers Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Rolling Mill, Factories, THOMASTON, Ct.| WATERBURY, Ct. Bridgeport Brass Co., MANUFACTURERS OF A SPECIALTY MADE OF GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE, GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WIRE, PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TIES, PATENT STEEL BARB FENCING, Sheet and Roll Brass, AND PUMP CHAIN. Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, ae 2! 2.2.4 livo | _—" Dex OFFICE: ST. LOUIS WAREHOUSE: CHICAGO i aaa Copper and Iron Rivets. . OILERS and CUSPADORES, [| LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements. | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS, Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and manufacturing Metal Goods, MANUFACTORY, WAREHOUSE, Bridgeport, Conn. 19 Murray St., N. ¥. THOS, W. FITCH, Prest. and Treas. A. A. LASAR, Seoy. ““NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS.” Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York. HOWARD & MORSE, MANUFACTURERS OF WIRE CLOTH, WIRE WORK, WIRE FENCE & RAILING, Also, HAND AND RAILROAD ANTE ge. No. 1, Star R, R. Lantern. ST. LOUIS, 'MO., Holmes, Booth & Haydens, WATERBURY, CONN. Foundry Riddle. NEW YORK, BOSTON, 49 Chambers St. 18 Federal se, | 2*2* Bailing, No. «. Nest of Flour Steves. Bank Railing, No. 12. Manufact: f all kinds of oa ¥ WORKS ROEBLINC’S Brass, Copper & German Silver, 2 aa sascoceepapcom New York Offic ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. , : AnD TRENTON, Warehouse BRASS & COPPER WIRE, Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. BRASS & IRON JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. German Silver Spoons, 7 ae EAs 117 Liberty Street. THE JOHN A ROEBLING'S SONS 60,, WIRE ROPE cml Iron and Steel SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Iron, Steel 2 and Copper Telegraph Wire, Kerosene Burners, &c. ee ae | Mesias Wire, WIRE JOHN DAVOL & SONS, kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Market Wire, Fence Wire Ship Rigging, Sash Cords. Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, Lightning Beds, £e., &e. . Vineyard Wire. Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Suspension Bridge Cables. Rivet Wire, &c., &c. ___ GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. PASSAIC ZING GO, IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE Manufacturers of CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND, Pure Spelter Address, HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co., Pa. Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes e e LT tc N & Cc U j L L EA U M E, AND ALL FINE WORK. Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germany. & Bre PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, Galvanizers & Brass Founders. For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'IAgents,! = SieWENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, cineca Liberty Street, N. ¥- Flusseisen, Swedish and German Charcoal Wire. "TELEGRAPH WIRE Brooklyn Brass and Copper Co., Dealers in Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, 10 John Street, MN. Geo. W. Prentiss & Co.,;GALVANIZED of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and in long lengths. HOLYOKE, MASS., MANUFACTURERS OF GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, qané ogiy Somat, Sots, &c. Annealed ae Oiled Fencing e WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. TELEGRAPH CABLES. Contractors to the German and Foreign gecernmente, The ies house in the braneh on the Con tinent. Telegraph Address, CAKLSWERK, COL General Agents for U. 8. — aaa. ongne congeret Aumenet ant P| PERKINS & CHOATE, 23 Nassau St, N. Y. J. WOOL GRISWOLD, | MINERS’ GANDLES. Of all sizes straightened and gut to order. — Superior to an? other Light for Mining Purposes, Manufactured by The Schoenberg Metal Mfg. Co., JAMES BOYD'S SON, Manufacturers of and Dealers in Nos, 10 & 12 Franklin St., New Work, Manufacturer of VV IR E:. TROY, N, ¥. SOLDER, TYPE, Seepeetrne, Elecroty pe and Babbitt Metal, importers An enone &c. Refin of Tin, Lead, Spelter, Bo =a or and alt arth or Dross. Soa nge va bg pldafeias Street, between Avenues SFr. B NPs March 24 1881. | € RYT & MOEnBN 0. LINDEMANN 2. oto ’ for all purposes and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. & C0. ~y - ~ Manufacturers of all kinds of (PAS II SA, VUE MELELLELEAALALAL ELLA LEE Japanned, Brass & | Tin Plated RD | SARC 222 Mg WO ELELLECEARELLLLLEA LEE WEL UCLEEL LLL LARELLLL to the trade. 254 Pearl St., | NEW YORK. | | 9384, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, WESTON’S Market Steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. NEW YORK SOLE MAKERS, | YALE LOCK MANFC. CoO., Office & Works, STAMFORD, CONN. DIFFERENTIAL vanrsmoone 6563 CHAMBERS ST., NEW YORK. 507 MARKET sST., PHILADELPHIA. PULLEY BLOCKS. 36 PEARL STREET, BOSTON. 'G4 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO. This Advertisement is Changed Every Week. BROWN & BROTHERS, | Waterbury, Conn D. J. MORRELL, Chairman. , Conn. GAUTIER STEEL CO., LIMITED. STEEL, WIRE AND SPRINCS. W. S, ROBINSON, Treasurer. CHAS, DOUGLASS, Gen’! Supt. 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Manufacturers of BRASS, COPPER AND GERMAN SILVER, In Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, Rivets and Burs, Etc. ALSO, Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 lbs. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. c SHANK PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED A SILVER-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich cesigns. GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. Sample of our Toe Calk Steel, showing one end bent over and flattened down cold; a piece of iron solidly welded to the steel with the use of sand only, and the other end hammered to an edge, and then hardened sufficiently to cut glass. Similar samples can POP E co LE & Co. be made by any blacksmith from our Toe Calk Steel, or seen at 9 BALTIMORE aicailaaits aaa COPPER Eastern Warehouse, 93 John St., N. Y. ; Philada. Warehouse, 505 Commerce St. No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale w ee INGOT COPPER, (& scam sumomntrretiwe:|- Albany Sand a Specialty. ; FOUNDRY FACINGS, 5 D Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. WHITEHEAD BROS. ix AMERICAN FACING CO. WM. WHITEHEAD, Treas., 517 W. 15th St., New York, <<? RIDDLES AND CASTING BRUSHES a specialty. Superior goods and reasonable prices. send for prices. E.T. BARNU ee J, A, EMERICK, NG MOLDING SANDS and Foundry Supplies. HOWARD EVANS. J, A. EMERICK & CO. 1056 & 1076 Beach Street, — PHILADELPHIA, **MANFRS’ FOUNDRY FACINGS, And Dealers in and shippers of all descriptions eS G. Gunther, Manufacturer of Patented Brass, Silver Plated and Japanned BIRD CAGES. Can be nested for ex- port shipments. 103 & 105 William St., | | Established 1810, N.&G, TAYLOR GO,, PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in ODD AND REGULAR SIZES TIN AND ROOFING PLATES, Black and Galvanized Sheet Iron, Metals, Wire, Copper, Stamped Ware, Hegisters, &c. NAW YORK. ariety in patterns and unsurpassed in Ro 4 Now Illustrated Catalogues and Price Lists on application. THE MONTOUR IRON & STEEL COMPANY, Works at Danville, Pa. RAILS AND PIC IRON. assortment of Mine and Narrow-Gauge ans hand, from which shipments can WOOD, JENNIS Ag Rails made promptly. W. E. CO. COXE, President, Reading, Pa. 8. W. INGERSOLL, Treas., Philadelphia, Pa. ¥. P. HOWE, General Supt., Danville, Pa. ON & CO., Manufacturers of SHAFTING, PULLEYS AND HANGERS—A §$ Also, Wood’s Patent Bolt Threading Machine, pecialty, ‘ Worcester, Mass. THE IRON AGH. The Use of Steel. Mr. Henry Seebohm, of Sheftield, deliv- ered the following interesting lecture be- fore the Company of Cutlers of the city of London : The first question which the user of cast steel has to answer is, to decide which of the three great methods of making steel pro- duces a material best adapted to his own wants. Sir Henry suggested to you in his admirable lecture, that Bessemer steel would answer every purpose for which steel is used, | with the possible exception of the steel required t») make Canadianaxes. Therecan be no doubt whatever that the Bessemer steel of which Sir Henry gave you the first | analysis, woull have made an excellent Canadian ax had it contained the proper quantity of combined carbon. The only doubt I feel is, whether it could be produced | of sufficient soundness without so large a percentage of waste as not to raise the price | beyond that at which crucible cast steel for Canadian axes is now sold. I must confess that my experience of Bessemer cast steel would incline me to say that it could not. No doubt the English are an intensely con- servative nation, and no doubt the prejudice which leads us to do exactly as our fore- fathers did is very strong. N» one knows better than [ do the despotie sway of the rale of thumb in Sheffield. I must, however, confess that this rule is a very excellent and safe guide until you have found a better. Chemical analysis is by no means unknown in Sheffield. I may tell you that for the last ten years no steel has been sold hy the firm of which I am a member of which we did not know the chemical analysis of all the important ingredients, except carbon. We do not analyze for carbon, because we find by long experience that the eye can judge of the percentage of carbon in an ingot of cast steel of the highest tempers from the appearance of the fracture more accurately than the chemist can ascertain by any method of analysis hitherto discovered. In spite of the prejudice that exists among consumers of steel, and in spite of the con- servatism of Sheffield steel manufacturers, such is the competition of the present day bricks and mortar. Bessemer steel. I tried samples from some of the best makers in the trade, but they all failed from one of two causes. If the steel was soft enough to stand the test, I had to for scrap, because they were unsound. the barrels were sound, they were so hard that they would not stand the test. The a sound steel the maker of the hard billets had been obliged to add manganese or sili- con. The end of it was that I was obliged to cut up my unsound barrels and melt them pensable—soundness and softness. This may be an extreme case, but I venture to express the opinion that the reason that high-class Bessemer steel is not so good as high-class crucible cast steel, is because the former cannot yet be made sufficiently sound without the admixture of silicon or manga- nese, both of which substances are injurious to cast steel for most purposes. I fear that the advantages supposed to be derived from the use of manganese in the manufacture of cast steel, are toa large extent illusory. have frequently conversed with consumers of steel who knew the trade before the in- troduction of spiegel iron into Sheffield, and it is remarkable how many of them ex pressed the opinion that the crucible cast steel now in use is not so good as it was when they were young. Something may, perhaps, be allowed to the illusions of youth. But, nevertheless, I am convinced there is much truth in the opinion that the quality of cast steel has degenerated. In the present day we sacrifice much to appearances. Our cotton, our paper an our steel may or may not be good, but it must look pretty. For my part, I always distrust a bar of steel that has not a ‘‘seam” or a ‘‘roak” in it. The introduction of manganese into cast steel is a rough-and-ready way of obtaining soundness at the expense of quality, instead of obtaining it by the tedious care and at- tention which the steel melter who knows his business gives to each individual crucible— a’coutrol which, it appears to me, cannot be exercised to the same degree over the Bes- semer converter, ** KILLING” STEEL. To obtain sound ingots from high-class iron it is necessary to boil the steel for nearly half an hour after it has become fluid, and then to allow it to cool down to a cer tain temperature before it is poured into the mold. The processis called, in the language the steel, and it is an axiom among them that the higher the quality of the steel the more ‘‘ killing” it takes. It is in this part of the process of crucible cast steel melting that the virtue of the process consists ; and and the cost and quality of the cast steel produced depend in a large degree upon the skill brought to bear upon it. We have an old proverb in Sheffield, which we express in the terse vernacular of the county, that if you put His Satanic Majesty in the pot ! | necessary to reduce it to carbonic is not then expelled from the iron, but break up 40 to 50 per cent. of the barrels | o. If | ta percentage of carbon by analysis was the | from the consumer. same in both cases, but in order to produce | the rule of the votaries of the rule of thumb, ‘“‘ killing” | as cold sets, which have to stand the blows acid, remains in an ‘‘ occluded” state; and this may account for the fact that, if it is required to make blister steel harder | than about 1.4 per cent. of carbon, it is necessary to convert it twice over, so that in the interval it may part with some of its occluded carbonic acid, to make room for a further occlusion of carbonic oxide. | If this theory be correct, we might find that blister steel which is exposed to the air for a length of time would part with some of its occluded gas. It is admitted that steel melted directly after being drawn from the converting furnace does require more ‘“‘ kill- ing.” It is popularly said to be more “ fiery.” My theory is that the reason why high-class steel has to be so long boiled is to get rid of its occluded gas, which would otherwise pro- duce bubbles or ‘‘honeycombs” in its at- | tempts to escape. The addition of a portion of scrap steel much assists the ‘‘ killing,” as | would naturally be the case if we suppose the scrap, which has been melted before, to have parted with its occluded gas in the first melting. That the presence of man- ganese or silicon helps largely to ‘‘ kill” the | steel, I can account for on the theory that the carbonic acid unites with the manganese or silicon and becomes a solid. So far my | theory appears to hold water pretty well ; but when I come to the fact that low-quality | cast steel—for example, steel melted from | Bessemer rail scrap, which contains from 0.15 to 0.05 per cent. of phosphorus—does not require any “‘ killing” at all, and may be poured into the mold as hot as the strength of the crucible will allow, I am obliged to admit, as 1 said before, that I am not chemist enough to give you an explanation of the cause. The main point which I wish to impress upon you is, that the much- maligned rule of thumb, which insists upon the superiority of crucible cast steel over Bessemer steel for certain purposes, may have a scientific basis, and must not be hastily set aside as prejudice. It is deeply to be regretted that too many consumers of steel should hastily reject bars because a few ‘‘roaks”’ are visible on the surface, and, by insisting upon having soundness at any cost, SO as } that I am sure that if steel could be produced | Tush from evils that they know, and at small of as good quality, and cheaper in price, by | $@cTifice may avoid, to greater evils which any other process than that of melting they cannot see or remedy. The few ‘‘ roaks” in crucibles, the present melting furnaces} ™4y be a certificate of the high quality of of Sheffield would rapidly melt away into old | the material melted, though I do not attempt I remember once try-|t? conceal from myself that they also may ing to make a quantity of gun barrels, which | be certificates of the clumsiness of the had to stand a somewhat severe test, from | maker. TEMPERING. Having decided by what process the steel is to be made, the question that should come before the consumer of cast steel is the per- ntage of carbon which he wishes it to con- in. When I first began business, the ‘*temper” of steel, or the percentage of carbon which it contained, was concealed The despotic sway of of thumb was absolute. If the con- sumer discovered that chisel steel contained less carbon than tool steel, he owed his dis- covery entirely to his own wit. My firm was the first to take the consumer into our in crucibles, a process which gave me, with | eonfidence, and the success which has at care, both the qualities which were indis- | tended our efforts, and the extent to which our labels have been imitated, have completely justified our act. We have always labeled the steel we supplied to consumers with the percentage of carbon it contained, and the purposes to which, in our opinion steel containing such percentage of carbon was applicable. The following is a list of the most useful ‘‘ tenspers” of cast steel : Razor Temper (114 per cent, carbon).— This steel is so easily burnt by being over- heated that it can only be placed in the hands of a very skillful workman. When properly treated, it will do twice the work of ordinary tool steel for turning chilled rolls, &c. Saw-file Temper (134 per cent. carbon).— This steel requires careful treatment, and although it will stand more fire than the preceding temper, should not be heated above a cherry red. Tool Temper (14 per cent. carbon).—The most useful temper for turning tools, drills and planing-machine tools in the hands of ordinary workmen. It is possible to weld cast steel of this temper, but not without care and skill. Spindle Temper (1% per cent. carbon).—A very useful temper for mill-picks, circular cutters, very large turning tools, taps, screwing dies, &c. This temper requires | considerable care in welding. Chisel Temper (1 per cent. carbon).—An extremely useful temper, combining, as it does, great toughness in the unhardened staté, with the capacity of hardening at a low heat. It may also be welded without much difficulty, It is, consequently, well adapted for tools, where the unhardened part is required to stand the blow of a hammer | without snipping, but where a hard cutting |edge is required, such as cold chisels, hot | salts, &c. Set Temper (% per cent. carbon).—This temper is adapted for tools where the chief punishment is on the unhardened part, such of a very heavy hammer. Die Temper (3 per cent. carbon).—The most suitable temper for tools where the surface only is required to be hard, and where the capacity to withstand great pres- sure is of importance, such as stamping or pressing dies, boiler cups, &c. Both the last |two tempers may be easily welded by a | mechanic accustomed to weld-cast steel. Next to quality, by which is meant the His Satanic Majesty will come out. The converse of this is by no means the case. You may put the most angelically-pure steel into the pot, but by bad management you may pervert it into satanically-bad ingvts. I wish I were chemist enough to give you a scientific explanation of ‘‘ killing” steel in the crucible. My theory on the subject is as follows :—In the process of cementing iron into steel in the converting furnace, the agent by which the carbon is conveyed to the iron is represented as carbonic oxide, which is forced by the iron to part with a portion of its carbon sufficient to reduce it to carbonie acid. It has been ascertained that metals have the power of absorbing, or ‘*‘ occluding” as it is technically called, many times their own bulk of gas; and my theory is that this carbonic oxide, when it has parted with the amount of carbon | percentage of phosphorus, sulphur, silicon, | manganese, &e., the most imp rtant thing }is temper, or percentage of carbon. For |many purposes, indeed, temper is of more importance than quality. Nothing is more common than for steel to be rejected as bad in quality, because it has been used for a purpose for which the temper was unsuit able. We may divide consumers of steel into three classes. First, those who use | their own judgment of what percentage of | carbon they require, and instruct the manu- | facturer to send them steel of a specified | temper ; second, those who leave the selec tion of the temper to the judgment |of the manufacturer, and instruct him to send them steel for a specified purpose ; and third, those who simply order steel of a specified size, leaving the manufacturer to guess for what purpose it is required, For- 5 a a : he ! yy I, ” A a SJ P © pie mY bY , ade le oa 7: ~ * —- ae 2 é > . oe me ik Vie > ; bs . | ; 5! A ; eo 9 f a March'24, 1881. THH TRON AGE. Mt OT. Kron, ¥ron. ! Xron. kron. NEW YORK, NEW - YORK. NEW YORK PITTSBURGH. PITTSBURGH. OGDEN & WALLACE, ‘A. B. Warner & Son,| John W. Quincy, 9S William Street, New York. 85, 87,89 & 91 Elm St., New York, | IRON MERCHANTS | : i i 0 nan d Stee j 28 & 29 West and 52 Washington Sts, aren pee pa ce | BOILER PLATE, | BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER, ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &e Agents for Park Brother & Co,’s BLACK DIAMOND STEEL.) Botier Tubes, Angie, Tee & aura tron, | HARRISONS& GILLOON W. D, WOOD & COS \_& SNOW SHOES All sizes of Cast and Machinery Steel constantly Boller and Tank Rivets. ok eae { q . i Sole o for the celebrated IRON AND METAL DEALERS, ROADSTER . . Eureka, Pennocks, 558, 560, 562 WATER 8T., and@02, 904, 806 CHERRY 8T., “ ; Sa PATENT PIERSON & CO, é“ W W t ” L k have on hand, and offer for sale, the fonlowmy J | a asse y u ens, Scotch and American Pig Iro dw ab Gass t and | Brands of Iron. Alsoall descriptions of Plate, Sheet, | Wrought iron vals, olf Copper, ty Axles and eek Established 1790, and Gasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive Lead. Per ewter. Zinc, 24 & 26 Broadway, 77 & 79 New St. ROME MERCHANT. IRON "MILLS, OXFO RD | RO N C 0., NEW YORK CITY E, N. Wey (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) . I i ors oa the best grade of . oJ ‘Bar lron, Bands and Fine Hoops. | Scrolls, Ovs — Half Ovals, Half Rounds, Hexagon and | He »rse Sho oe ron. Also from Charcoal P ig a supe _— uality of Iron branded J.G. All puddied balls r duc - o ry bammer. Orders ms ay be sent to the Mill or } AND ARPENTER, our Agent, at 59 Johu | | | \_& pattern, | Planished Sheet Iron. | Patented March 14th, 1865 ; April 8th, 1873 ; STEE L TOE CALKS. Sept. 9th, 1873; Uct. 6th, 1874; Jan. 11, 1876. Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the | Extra Quality Homogeneous Steel ~wSo'aar= BOILER PLATE by all the principal aR ETA . D E A LE 1% 4 Ss | STEEL PLATES, all descriptions. | Sure = ‘New Yo rk. : All Sizes and Shapes kept in Stock, aneaaiaaidaiia S P | K ES. In the Large cities throughout | Cut Nails and Spikes, Plate and Sheet ABEEL BROTHERS, | fe Te a J. 8. SCRANTON, Sales Agent,| THE UNITED STATES. SHOENBERG : ceeee Established 176; by ABEEL & BYVANCK, r mt a ails ai And at their Office, tts sburg . heae Vi erchants, Taree Tat a ert een ew rons. __|lll Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. |~———— ee — 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. sect et iL lho ad 5 ULSTERIRON & SCRAP AND PIG IRON. : BURDEN 5S Oo. KANE. WILLIAMS, LONG & McDOWELL, aaron fa icons oa ze OLD RAILS, SCRAP IRON, STEEL, IRON, Horse-Shoe Iron, & D My PIC IRON, BLOOMS, Pittsburgh, re a Si: Common Iron, O e AND ORE. | ie eerie ‘Portsmouth Iron and Steel Co., ‘PITTSBURGH, PA. Band, Hoop and Scroll fron, Sheet Iron, Norway Nail Rods, Norway Shapes, Cc __ Cant, Sees Spring « ané Tire Steel, ete. Successors to CAYLORD ROLLINC MILL CO., Ww. Rea, Prest. Samu. BalLey, Jr., Secy. Manufacturers of F. B. Laven.in, Vice-Prest. W. A. SHaw, Treas. Siemens-Martin (Open Hearth) UNION zowrer [STEEL BOILER PLATE, Storage and Segue Warrants Agricultural and Machinery Steet IRON, . y cea Burden Best & METALS, lron 68 Wall St., New York. A. R. Whitney, Manufacturer of and Dealer in IRON, and Steel Tire. ©, Homogeneous Iron Boiler Plate and Rivets, PIG IRON, BLOOMS, INGOTS, , | Merchant Bar Hoop an and Sheet Iron, Wrought MUCK BAR, RAILS, &c. | aaerametne. for erecting Iron Structures of every de ecription, Books oonnes cuts of all Iron made sent on ap- plication by mai Sample pieces ‘A office. Ple rae address 58 Hudson Street, = - = = — a NEW ae JA MES ; WILLIAMEON & CO., R iler Rivets Bag mene _ielative to establishment of PORTSMOUTI I, OF 0. 12, 14 & 16 Worth Sts., , ati a 0 ‘ General Office, PITTSBURGH PA. Pres't and Gen Sup't. Sec'y and Treas. Our specialty is in cc i Cc | R O N, Manufacturing Iron Used in the Con- struction of Fire-Proot Buildings, Burden lron Works, H, Burden & Sons, Sable Iron and Nail Works. Bridges, &c. No. 69 Wall St., New York. ; Plans and estimates furnished, and contracts made ULSTER IRON WORKS, Troy, NeYe aiiesaeiaamnaneniel 18 Wall st, New York, |EGLESTON BROS. & CO., 166 South Street, Dee pauth Street | NEW YORK CITY. Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co BURDEN’S CARMICHAEL, EMMENS & WORTH,| Jol 2 & ©. 130, 132 & 134 Cedar St., New York. BORDEN & LOVELL, Commission Merchants ZUC & CO., Manufacturers of the Celebrated 5 ableNails Office and Works, 7O & 71 West St., DEALERS IN AND Win Borden, = New York. IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE. ULSTER BAR IRON ite ei ah he Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &c., &c, 1 aia : | Asenifor ots’ celebrated, Cant Stel Boller Plates All sizes and shapes in stock. Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, eS hae Tees, Rivets, Re. orks; Wrought Also Best Grades of -| Am, & Eng, Ref’d Iron,Common Iron,&c Bands, Hoops & Rods. HUGH W. ADAMS, |. ry Seer ne Dan’. LW. Ricwanoe. Morrow B. Surra. DEALER IN RAILWAY, PIG AND SCRAP IRoN,| DAN’L W. RICHARDS & CO, Estimates furnished for all kinds of Iron Work. 66 PINE STREET, _ | Pig lron and Bar lron, Ww. S. MIDDLETON, S Broker in Machinery & Iron} S¢rap Iron, Scrap Steel, AND Borden Mining Company’s ___ Cumberland Cc Coals. _ ~ WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., IRON MERCHANTS Cor. Albany & Washington Sts., NEW YORK CITY. Agent for 21H. WALLACE. wa. Bisenam.| FORSTER'S CRUSHER & PULVERIZER, Old Rails and Old Metals, ws seinen The best in market. B. EF. JUDSON W.S. MIDDLETON, 62 John St., N. ¥, Importer of and Dealer in : 1 E> $8 te ee afongia a sow Fork. P ITTS B U = G H 5 PA. - LIs 4 Gintama cca Catalans . A. LISSBERGER, ange and Carnbroe SCOTCH AND AMERICAN IRON & METAL DEALER, : = L S i 7 c> 3 4 y | 59 sz and 519 to s29 East roth St., New York, | have mn hand, and offer for sale, the following: ; ot Caro r ot th and American Pig lren hes aes, c : Wrough t & Cas t oc! ap I on, and Ma thinery Scrap Iron, Car W} mad He Wrought Lron; also, old C¢ peer eae O L D M E T A L S. j ti m, Br ass, Lead, Pewter, Zine, &¢ For spot delivery and for prompt or forward NEW YORK. BATES &DESPAR D, shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, LEECH BURG IRON WORKS. KIRKPATRICK & CO., Manufacturers of all grades of FINE SHEET IrRonNn ss, (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, &c.) NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OFFICE, No, 143 First Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. WORKS, Leechburg, Pa. 74 459 Water St., | a5 233 & 235 South St., | 117 Pearl St., New York, P. O. Box 764, Buitimore or New Orleans, = DANIEL F. COONEY. Importers of | For sale in lots to suit by | R oO N. te ot a Washiucton Sty Nes | STEEL AND IRON RAILS, SWEDISH JAMES LEE & CO., ewEgen IRC bE, PLATES and SHEET IRON, | i sc A i eh AND PIG THON. ‘ Sole Agents for the United States, mined Building, NEW YORK, > WELDED BOLI a K FL rr a. or f.0 b. English aoe x - _ ’ ‘ » Representing Boller Rivets, Angle & T Iron, Cut Nails & Spl a we menk __|___7% Pine Street, New York. L. G. BRATT & CO, and the UDDEHOLM CO., Sweden. Agency 108 2 g Mill wre EPOR CO., Vineet auirel ~ PASSAIC. ROL Pig, Bars, Rods, Swedish Bessemer and Martin-Sie . , s ei f t Jer ee ae 2ens Iro teel and Iron Rails, Bloom Mori . Manufacture and LI NG MILL CO., Cha Ralls "Scrap Iron wos steel.ae. ew st 00, stockhin /P» Wi. GALLAUDET, N. M. HOGLUND’S SONS & CO., Stockholm. Banker and Note Broker, OLD I IRON RAILS ROLLED IRON BEAMS, Swedish & Norway lron Nos. 3 and & Wall Street, Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Bars, Riveted Work, Forg- ings, Eye Bars, &c. NEW IRON AVD STEEL RAILS PATERSON, N. J. of every desert tock on hand at Boston, mrooms Sh, Antor House, New York, New York and Piitndelphia, Importation orders @ NEW YORK. auews HARDWARE, METAL, IRON RUBBER, SHOE, GUSTAF LUNDBERG, 33 Kilby st., Borton. ALBERT POTTS, Philadelphia Agent, 234 & 236 N. | PAPER AND PAPER- HANGINGS, LUMBER, COAL Front Street. , AND PAILROAD PAPER WANTED. ADVANC ES MADE ON BUSINESSS PAPER AND COMBINATION STEEL a oo, | twat seo CHESTER, PA. We are now prepared to manufacture the COM- BINATION RAILS under Wheeler's patent, | Orders solicited. New York Office, 82 JOHN ST. | OC. A. WEED, General Manager. Iron and Steel mana all Kinds, mores OUTS NA TLS Po Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. ‘FULLER BROTHERS &CO., 139 Greenwich Street, New York. Powerville Rolling Mil, HORSE SHOE IRON) JOHN LEONARD, 450 West St., 2 a YYfs, te % a 4 Maa; f Co ‘QWs CLEVELAND O March 24, 1881. EVO. PHILADEUPHIA. PHILADELPHIA. Siemens’ Regenerative MENRY LEVIS & Co., 6 AS FURN ACE. ‘Manufacturers’ Agents | For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and RICHMOND & POTTS, | Sheet Iron and General Railway PHILADELPUTA, PA. Sek a. WS Equipments. Old Rails, Axles. and Wheels bought and sold. 4th St., Philadelphia. Vis, Fourth B.. 244 8 Ha. ing enjoyed for over TWENTY-FIVE YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality of RAILS, have now an annual capacity of 150,000 Tons of Iron and Stee! Rails, Splice Bars, &c. ADDRESS, CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, No, 218 South 4th Street, Philadelphia. Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. Or LENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Pine St., N. ¥. THE PHCNIX !RON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGUT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. /WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, and built up shapes for Iron Bridges. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variety of SUAPE IRON made to order. Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty Street, BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymarch St, ——— ALAN WOOD & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom PLATE: é& SHEET IRON, No. 519 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. ci Yorrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, i cade. varves, Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Iron, ° ° e Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, 920 North Delaware Ave., - - PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of the Anvil Brand Refined Merchant Bar Iron, Also. the James Rowland & Co, Kensington Nails, cut from their Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel, Rounds, Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop Iron. Correspondence with Dealers solicited. PENCOYD IRON WORKS. Orders solicited es Tank and Boat Iron ; Manufacturers of CAR ASLES. BAR, ANGLE, TEE AND CHANNEL IRON. Office, No, 265 S$. Fourth St., Philadelphia. A. & P. ROBERTS & co. af Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. MANUFACTURERS OF FOUNDRY FACINCGS. AND FOUNDRY SUPPLIES. MOULDING SAND A SPECIALTY. Albany, Crescent, Tullytown and Lumberton Sands. GERMAN LEAD, BITUMEN, SIEVES, MACHINERY SAND, AMERICAN LEAD, ANTHRACITE, SHOVELS, BEASS SAND, PLUMBAGO, CHARCOAL, BRUSHES, CHANDELIER SAND, STOVE PLATE, MINERAL, CRUCIBLES, STOVE PL\ATE SAND, J. W. PAXSON & C0.,} 514, 516 and 618 beach bt, PHILAD ELYRIA, PA. ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILL COMPANY, Manufacturers of Rails, Bars, Axles, Shatting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. General Office, 237 South Third St., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa. JAMES C. BOOTH. THOMAS H. GARRETT. ANDREW A. BLAIR. BOOTH, GARRETT & BLAIR, Analytical and Consulting Chemists, 919 and 921 Chant St. (10th St. above Chestnut St.), PHILADELPHIA, PA. Established in 1836. Analyses of Ores Waters, Metals and Alloys of all kinds. A special department for the ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, ratus and appliances for the rapid and accurate analysis of Iron Steel, Iron oe Slane ap ee = Coals, Glare Five Sands &c, All analyses made by the members of the firm. Price lists on application. THE —_—_—_—_—_—_—_~ tron. (em Edward J. Etting, IRON BROKER anv COMMISSION MERCHANT, 230 S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa, Pig, Bar and Railroad tron. OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &e- Agent for the The Allentown Iron Co. and The Coleraine Furnaces. STORAGE WHARF AND YARD DELAWARE AVENUE ABOVE CALLOWHILL STREET, connected by track with railroad. Cash advances made on Tron. The Cambria Iron and Steel Works,)2. Westey ruttnan, Exclusive SALES AGENT, Chester tron Co.’s Blue, Red and Hoff! ORE Ss. Also celebrated ** Brotherton Ore, DP. W. R READ, T. HORACE BR¢ WN. D W.R.READ &CO., Dealers and Commission Merchants in ORES, METALS, &c. Native and Foreign Iron, Manganese, and other Ores, 205%, Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA. 1 _Office in New York, 142 Pearl &t. v. O. RICHARDSON, IRON COMMISSION MERCHANT, No. 232 Dock St., Philadelphia, Iron, Railroad Iron Iron Ores. Sole Agent for the MONOCACY FURNACE CO. DEALER IN MOSELEM, ROCKHILL, WA RWICK, And other Favorite Brands. SILVER GREY IRON A SPECIALTY. J. W. HOFFMAN & UU., Iron Merchants & Railway Equipments. 208 South Fourth St., Philadelphia. Sole agents Glasgow Iron Co. and Pine Iron Works manufacturers of Muck Bar and all grades of Plate Iron. Celebrated “*Glasgow” and ** Pine” brands for fire boxes and difficult flanging. Pig and Bar Iron, Rails and all shapes in Iron. Guotations given on Bridge and Building Specifications. WROUCHT IRON Boiler Tubes, Steam, Gas and Water Pipe. Oil Well Tubing, Casing and LINE PIPE. Cotton Presses, Forgings, ROLLING MILL AND General Machinery. READING IRON WORKS. __ 261 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia, G. A. HEBERTON. S. FRANK SHARPLESS. HEBERTON & CO.,, Selling Agents and Commission Merchants For the sale o Pig, Bloom, Plate, Bar, Scrap, Galvanized Black, Sheet, Pipe and Railroad 2, F-). # No. 333 Walnut St., Phila. Charcoal! Bloom and Pig a specialty. IRON. —”- STEEL. SCRAP OF ALL KINDS A SPECIALTY. SHIMER & CoO., Late of and successors to W. HUTTON & CO., 250 S. Third St., Philadelphia. J. J. MOHR, Iron Commission Merchant, No. 430 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. Pig and Sole Agent for the Sheridan and Leesport Furnaces. A. PURVES & SON: Corner South & Peno Streets, Phila., Dealers in Scrap Iron & Metals, Machinery, Tools, Shafting & Pulleys, Steam Engines, Pumps & Bollers, Copper, Brass, Tin, Babbit Metals, Foundry Facings. Best Quality Ingot Brass. Cash paid for all kinds of Metals ana Tools. FRANCIS WISTER, Sole Eastern Agent for 4, A. HUTCHINSON & BRO. CONNELLSVILLE COKE. ORNS, Native and Foreign. 230 South Third Street, Philadelphia. LRON AGE. xeon. JUSTICE CCX, Jr, JUSTICE COX, JR. & CO., AGENTS FOR Chickies, St. Charles, Montgomery and Keystone MOUNT SAVAGE FIRE BRICK,! Foundry & Forge Pig Iron. CATASAUQUA MEG. COUS Bar, Angle, Skelp and Sheet Iron. RAILROAD CAR AXLES, NILW AND OLD No. B23 Walnut St., Philadelphia. PETER WRIGHT & SONS, 307 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, 19 Broadway, New York, 44 Second Street, Baltimore, Importers of German and English SPIEGELEISEN, Pig, Scrap. NEW AND OLD RAILS, And Iron Ore. E.W.CLARK & Co. Bankers and Stock Exchange Brokers, No. 35 South Third St., Philadelphu, CLARK, POST & MARTIN, No. 34 Pine St., New York, Bankers and Railway Commission Merchants, Importers, of Pig Iron, New and Old Rails, Scrap Iron, &c, ae Se Eee ah i D "REIE STANDARD STEEL LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR WHEEL TIRES, Manufactured from the celebrated OTIS STEEL. BRAND ‘ ZZ STANDARD. Prices as Quajity and efficiency fully guaranteed. low as any of the same quality. We manufacture Heavy and Light Forgings, Driving and Car Axles, Crank Pins, Piston Rods, &c Works at Lewistown, Pa. Office, 220 8. 4th St., Philadelphia, Pa, ltalian and Spanish CHARCOAL IRON, | CHILL-GRADED, For Car W