The Iron Age 1881-01-06: Vol 27 Iss 1

The Iron Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Olass Matter. Vol. XXVIII: No. 1. The Baldwin Grass Catcher. The use cf lawn mowers has now become general and is acknowledged to be a ne- cessity, not only as a valuable time-saving | machine, but because it is imposible to keep | the lawn in a proper condition and give ita handsome appearance without one. question of how to get rid of the cut grass or clippings has of late been an important matter. The use of a common rake will dig up the roots of the grass, and a sweeper of any kind brushes up the roots in an injuri- | ous way, yet an accumulation of grass around the roots is a great obstacle in| Al- | securing a handsome velvety lawn. though grass boxes have been considered essential in Great Britain for many years to secure the best growth and greatest beauty | of lawn, yet the fact of their being a heavy and unwieldly attachment has hitherto pre- vented their being popular in this country. The Baldwin Grass Catcher which we illus- trate overcomes these objections. It consists simply of a frame made of wire rods, with wire crosg-rods, covered with sail duck cloth. It has no connection with the handle, but the iron rods are attached to the axle resting se- curely on the lower part of the frame of the moower, as seen in Fig. 1, The weight ofa The | The Color of White Lead. There is probably no pigment the color of which is so sensitive as that of white lead. The chemical reactions taking place during its manufacture are, in a certain sense, so | complicated, and are, in the methods used, so imperfectly under the control of the man- ufacturer, that it is difficult to trace the causes leading to the production of white lead having a reddish, grayish or yellowish tinge. It has been the custom of white- lead manufacturers to attribute failures to obtain a pure color more to quality of the raw material used and less to the irregulari- ties in manufacture than the facts would appear to warrant. Both producers and users of lead have a strong interest in hav- ing the causes leading to the production of impure shades brought to light, because the | difference in price between common and re- | fined brands of lead ranges between $4 and | $6 per ton. A growing proportion of our | domestic lead is obtained from the base bul- lion produced from impure argentiferous ores of the Rocky Mountains. While some | of the works which extract the silver from the raw lead there produced have succeeded, by close attention to refining, in making a metal pronounced excellent for white-lead Fig. 1.—The Catcher Attached to Lawn Mower. Fig. 2.—The Catcher Unattached. THE BALDWIN catcher of ordinary size is less than four pounds, and does not retard the working of the mower. It is easily emptied, either by taking the grass from an opening in the catcher or by raising the handle and revers- ing the mower, when the grass can be emptied in a pile on any particular spot on the lawn. lt can, of course, only be used by those machines which throw the cut grass backward, and is particularly adapted to the Pennsylvania lawn mower, the manu- facturers of which, Messrs. Lloyd, Supplee & Walton, of Philadelphia, and their agents in this city, Messrs. Durrie & McCarty, contro] the production and sale. ————— The Calladay Scroll Saw. In the accompanying engraving we illus- trate a scroll saw of recent design, manu- factured by Messrs. Jos. O. Calladay & Co., of Philadelphia. With a view of making the machine as substantial as possible, the manufacturers build it entirely of iron and steel, with the exception of the table top, which is made of narrow strips of hard maple and walnut. As will be seen, it is mounted on a heavy pedestal. The journal shaft below the table is steel, and runs in Babbitt metal boxes of ample size. The driving pulley, which makes from 800 to 10co revolutions per minute, is 6 inches in diameter, and has a 2%-inch face, upon which also the brake is made to operate. Both the brake and the pulley shifter are moved by the foot. The cross heads and the ways are made of steel and gun metal, while the springs are steel. The tension of the latter can be evenly graduated by turn- ing a screw acting upon their lower e2d, GRASS CATCHER, purposes—notably the St. Louis and Pitts- burgh works—others are still forced to mar- ket their lead at lower rates, There are other questions, too, worth while consider- ing. After the extraction of the silver by means of zinc, a small percentage—'% to 4 of 1 per cent.—of zinc remains in the lead, which is otherwise pure. In order to re- | move this, the lead must go through « refin- ing process, If it could be shown that this lead eontaining zinc would be as fit for the purposes of the corroder as the softened metal, the entire expense and losses of the refining process could be saved. Whether it would offer any advantages would be a matter to be decided by the corroders. The main question, however, remains— whether and in what degree impurities in the lead affect the quality of the white lead produced from the metal, and whether the raw material is properly chargeable with the defects of the product. While there are indications amounting almost to proof that certain quantities of certain impurities have a bad effect, there can be little doubt that negligence or accidents in the manufacture are more to blame than is generally be- lieved. In order to give an idea of the dif- | ficulty experience1 in tracing the effect of | impurities by reason of the high degree of purity of good brands of metal, we may quote the following analyses, made by Prof. | Williams, of Rolla, Mo.; Prof. Wuth, of Pittsburgh; Prof. Hampe, of Clausthal, Germany, and others. From these analyses | it will be seen that in good lead the total | een. six or more impurities together, | does not reach one-tenth of one per cent., land is sometimes even below one-half of that amount, The difficulties of tracing and defining the limits of the quantity of any one of them admissible, are therefore considerable : S B 5° » ‘Anoupyuy *gueo Jed ‘ormesuy “sjUCIpolsay ! ' | Granby, Mo. <£Lo00"0 | --** 6z000"0 |**** Orz10"o | *** | | | | | ' Zg200"0 | ggO00"0 Jeeee St. Joe, Mo. LE100°0 | 11410°0 |**** £g100'o | O¥gr0%o | «*- Sotoo'o SLg00'0 | | #6£90°0 Mine La Motte, Mo. ¥g9100°0 grzoo"o | St£00"o 61100°0 $%£o000°0 $1g00"o | $g100°0 “* Rozier,” Vallé Hearth. zrlfo’o | 66610°0 gir100’o L6bz0'o Szgoo*o | | | *| euoU | $6000°0 eel} cena Pittsburgh, Pa. vooo"o gfooo'o | c Clausthal, Ger- many. 61000°0 eee th100°0 | g6100°0 | 1S000°0 Unwashed White Lead frem Ctaus- thal Lead. eee Sgooo'o | orzoo’o | e0vl} 9z600'0 } 6£%00'0 | Locoo’o t£o00"o S$t¥o00*o | | $z000'0 g£o00"o Some interesting data bearing on the ques- tions involved were some years ago published in pamphlet form by Herr E. Landsberg, an eminent German metallurgist, of the Stol- berg works. Experiments made at Stolberg prove that lead holding 0.5 per cent. of zinc furnishes white lead of standard purity. In all the analyses given the quantity is far be- low that limit, which in fact represents the saturation of lead with zinc at low temper- atures. Antimony has been proved by Dr. Hampe to have no injurious effect. That a specialist took Tarnowitz lead olding 0.0013 of antimony, and by adidi- tions raised its percentage to 0.0492 per cent. Both metals were corroded, and no appreciative difference was noted in the quality of the product of both. Copper has always been regarded with much suspicion, but the analyses of leading English brands of lead, which are reported to be good for corroding purposes, dispel much of the danger. Percy quotes analyses of best se- lected of the London Lead Company, which show 0.0236 percent.,and of W. Blackett showing 0.0318 per cent., while our Missouri leads used for white lead purposes are also comparatively high in copper. Herr Landsberg states that, while it is difficult to give any limit, 0.003 to 0.004 per cent. is undoubtedly safe. Forthose who produce lead from argentiferous base bullion by the zinc process, copper is without any danger, as it can be brought down to very low lim- its, with the greatest certainty and ease. Iron to the extent of 0.003 per cent. has no bad effect, especially as the bulk of it is eliminated during the process of manufac- ture, as the analysis of Clausthal white lead given fully proves. Bismuth, the only metal which passes through the zinc desil- verizing process and the ordinary refining rocesses without being separated from the ead, has been proved by,J’r. Hampe to be neutral, as 0.1 per cent. even did not affect the color of the product. A different and somewhat perplexing state of affairs is re- vealed by the action of silver. While previous to the introduction of modern pro- cesses for the extraction of silver from lead, there was hardly one good corroding brand in the market holding less than 0,002 per cent., and running as high as 0.007 to 0.008 per cent., the lead now produced by the de- silverizing process will show a reddish tinge, even if holding as little as 0.001 to 0.0015 percent. That small quantities of silver have the effect of giving a reddish tinge to white lead, would seem to be shown by tie following experiment made by Herr Lands- berg, at Stolberg. He desilverized lead un- til it contained only 0.0006 per -cent., and then added to different portiors of the lead obtained sufficient quantities of the silver to carry it to 0.002, 0.0035, 0.0050 and 0.0065 per cent., respectively. These samples were then corroded at the same time and under the same conditions, and white lead was obtained in which the intensity of the red tint showed a regular progression in the order of its increasing percentage of silver. While the presumption is that silver caused the tinge alluded to, it is not absolutely cer- tain whether or not other conditions which escaped observation contributed to the re- sult. It would be safe under all conditions, however, to assume that a percentage of 0.0006 to 0.0008 of silver is safe—a limit which can be readily reached by careful de- silverization by the Parkes zine process. With the exception of silver, therefore, the limits of purity are far above those which may be easily attained, even with ordinary care, and experience with lead before mod- ern refining processes were introduced would tend to show that even those limits might be safely exceeded. It is, therefore, a ques- tion whether greater caution exercised in the manufacture of white lead itself might not bring a wider range of metal into use. There seems to be little foundation for the assertion ied grey or yellowish color ought to be referred to the quality of the lead used, and some chemists incline eyen to at- New York, Thursday, January 6, 1881. ———— | | tributing the reddish tinge to others than | the cause already noted. | Bannow and Kraemer claim to have traced the reddish color to the presence of a low | oxide of lead, the formation of which was due to a lack of air during the process— a view in which they are sustained by Lorscheid. Weise traces the gray color to the presence of minute particles of metallic lead in material poorly pre- pared for the market. He, too, assigns much of the trouble to irregularities in the process, bringing about incomplete oxidation. He analyzed highly-colored portions from a lot obtained while the process was imper- fect, and found a considerable quantity of oxide of lead. It does not seem surprising, says Herr Landsberg, that an imperfect pro- duct is obtained when it is considered that the operations are uncertain, especially ona large scale ; nor is it astonishing that vari- ous tinges will appear when operating with a metal the suits cf which show such in- tense and various shades as lead does. In using materials 999.9 parts of which are composed of this metal, it is not to be sup- posed that the injurious influence of the oxides possibly formed should be insignifi- cant when compared with the minute quan- tities of impurities which have hitherto been THE CALLADAY so frequently and so unjustly accused. | Without considering the mm ser effect of | impure reagents in the manufacture, it | seems proper to call attention to one fact | too much neglected by the smelters of lead, one which, by the way, has much to do with the fitness of the metal, notably for the | manufacture of sheet lead and the high qualities of so-called ‘‘ virgin lead” for the latter purpose. Both in copper and in steel, the great importance of eliminating the oxygen absorbed during the refining pro- cesses has long been recognized. With lead | this matter has not, to our knowledge, ever been taken into consideration. By using the proper methods for reducing the sub- oxide absorbed during the refining process, the resistance of the metal to acids might be increased on the one hand, and on the other a possible source of coloring of white lead might be avoided. —— SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL. English manufacturers of agricultural machinery are devoting considerable at- tention to COMPOUND PORTABLE ENGINES. At the recent Smithfield Ciub Show three | engines were exhibited, among others being one by Messrs. Garrett & Sons, of Leiston, of which Engineering gives the following de- | tails: The engine is of the intermediate re- ceiver type, with cranks at right angles, and the cylinders, which are not steam jacketed, are respectively 74 and 11% inches in diameter, the stroke in both cases being 10 inches. The engine is rated by its makers as a 10-horse, $250 a Year, Including Postage Single Copies, Zen Cents. used is 100 pounds per square inch, and we are informed by Messrs. Garrett that during a series of recent trials on the brake the engine worked with as low a consump- tion as 22.8 pounds of water per brake horse-power per hour, the load on the brake being at the time equal to 29-horse- power, and the engine making 178 revolu- tions per minute. This trial lasted 2 hours 4 minutes, and the consumption of Llangen- nech coal was at the rate of 3.17 pounds per horse-power per hour, the evaporation be- ing 7.2 pounds of water per pound of coal, from a temperature of 110 degrees. This is a very excellent performance as far as the consumption of water is concerned, but the evaporative duty of the boiler is open to im provement, The engine has the valve chests on the outer side of the cylinders, and the slide valves are of the Trick pattern, giving a double-ported admission to the steam. For facilitating the starting of the engine, Messrs. Garrett have introduced the ar- rangement of stop valve. When in its ex- treme position to the rigkt, the valve admits steam to the high-pressure cylinder, and places the exhaust of that cylinder in con- nexion with the valve chest of the low-pres- sure cylinder. In its mid-position the valve partly throttles the steam admission to the SCROLL SAW. high-pressure cylinder, but at the same time allows live steam to pass to the low-pressure cylinder, while the exhaust of the high-pres- sure cylinder, in place of passing to the low | pressure valve chest, passes to the low-pre; sure exhaust. In the extreme left-hand position the valve shuts off steam from both eylinders. In a recent number of Comptes Rendu s , M. J. Saleran calls attention to DEFECTIONS IN THERMOMETERS AND HYDROM - ETERS, if used for certain purposes. Chanyes in thermometers ranging as high as 8 to 10 de grees occur at printing-ink works, where oils are heated for several days to 270 de- grees, in glycerine works and with rectifiers of benzol. Glass is not merely modified when heated to 300 degrees; it undergoes true deformation at far Jower temperatures. | Thus, the hydrometers used in sugar works, which are often exposed for a considerable time to temperatures of 95 degrees, are af fected. After an immersion of some days they are completely modified, their weight decreases and they become erroneous to the extent of 7° to 8° B. The editor of the Chemicai News adds that in many chemical | works it has been found necessary to submit all hydrometers used for hot liquids to a weekly comparison with a standard instru ment, EE ~ Judge Bond has rendered a decision in the United States Circuit Court at Baltimore, in the case of the Pullman Car Company against the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. He refuses to grant an injuno- tion against the railroad for an infringes he steam pressure | ment ef the Pullman patent, =a a er) —_e a ~~ — oe gee ——+ —- - ee et ae ed ew te wo THE IRON AGE: 7 January 6, 1881 = __ FAetals. Ba FActals. HActals. a etc. ANSONIA | BRASS & COPPER CO., No. 19 Cliff Sts set, Phelps Building, NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER IN Sheets. Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c, Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. Aisonia Corrugated Stove Platforms. PURE COPPER WIRE For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Pnosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. ANSONIA yr REFINED ____ INGOT _ COPPER. Mfg. Company, Established 1831, WORCESTER, MASS. MANUFACTURERS OF Waterbury ‘Brass Co, CAPITAL, - - $200,000. Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, CERMAN SILVER, Copper, Brass and C srinan Silver Wire, BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, COPPER RIVETS & BURS, BRASS KETTLES, Door Rail, Brass Tags, PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASES, Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &c. And small Brass Wares of every Description. C aeeeeeee Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. » Agents for the Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line otf Sport- ing Goods and Wood’s Paper Shot Shells. DEPOTS: Mills At 296 Broadway, New York. WATERBURY, 189 Eddy St., Providence, R. |. Conn. Manhattan Brass Co,, Manufacturers of SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, German Silver and Gilding Metal, Copper Rivets and Burs, Kerosene Burners, | Lamp Trimmings, &c.|~ 80 Chambers Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Rolling Mill, | Factories, MANUFACTURERS OF THOMASTON, Ct. | WATERBURY, Ct. IRON and STH EI. WIRE, Oe Oe ee Patent Steel Barb Fenctng, Patent Steel Wire Bale Ties. WIRE RODS of all TEN Boyne Iron, Rivet “OY, rie in, to \ In., cut to any length. Owners Brid e ort Brass Co.. sive Operators of the PA ONTIN NVOU OUs ROL. LING Gm i L, producing Iron and Steel Wink j eotte HT pounds, mrithout ae of ' ‘ Galva nized Mel elegrn ph Wire, Market and Stone Wire d Grape Wire in lon h ‘s Ww 3 2 MANUFACTURERS OF and Chain Wire. Wire for the-manu na length fC Coppered Pal Meddles ieee. bridge ome wing Covecing Wire Tinned Broom Wire and Tinned- et Wire of all sizes. A specialty is made of Clock, Mac hinery, Gun Screw Lys Sheet and Roll Brass Spiral Spring Wire, and Refined Wire to Pattern for particuiar purposes, from selected stamps of Norway Iron, ' Any grade of Wire furnished, Annealed Dink. Coliehed. Vow pared, Galvanized or Th Plated. Wire furnished, neline re, Paten fi Brass & Co er Wire & Tubin Wire. Stee] Wire for Springs, Needles and Drills. Ma arkel Steel Wire kept in steeh, Soe — Muetc ‘ pp £, WAREHOUSE, 21 Cliff Street, New York. Louls Warehouse, 802 North 24d St, | ree ew Tor re Thtea : : . go Warehouse, 107 Lake St, German Silver Metal and Wire, i es Copper and liun Fivets. PHELPS, DODGE & CO. IMPORTERS OF TIN PLATE, ROOFING PLATE, Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zine, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF —_— Gtesssed Pasent Otlore: OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, poe See C 0 p P » R A N D B 8 A S S Brass Wire, Prior Patent Oilers LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Ree *| Copper Wire, Broun ae iyine Oilers, | clocks & Fly Fan Movements. | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS, yy CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. Son ea,” Brass Butt Hinges, Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and Se ae | ae ae Harricane Lanterns, manufacturing Metal Goods. ScovVvi LL BA FC co Brown’s Patent Pictare Hooks. Samsun, Wananewsn, : aes Conn. 19 aeny St., N. Y. ess Fire Sets, Fenders, &c. BRASS 9 HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. —_—~>_—_—_—. BRASS BLANKS AND TUBES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION TO ORDER. OFFICE AND WORKS, Ist Ave., 27th to 28th Sts., New York, THE NEW HAVEN COPPER CO., Harrison Wire Company, ST. LOUIS, MO. Taos. W. Fitcs, A. A, LASAR Prest. and Treas, Secretary. O. 8S. CHAMBERLAIN, Trav. Agent NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS, Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York. MANUFACTURERS OF DEPOTS, FACTORIES, c eee i Wow tre, Gi 255 Pearl Street, ow ve All kinds of HOWARD cc MORSE, 183 Lake St. Chicago. New York City, Manufacturers of and Dealers Brass, Copper and Iron WIRE CLOTH, j WIRE. Locomotive Spark Wire Cloth, Iron Wire Bolting Cloth, DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO., Braziers & Sheathing IRON & STEEL Ship and Railroad Lanterns, Signal Lights, Seadebier’s s Lantern a_i ADJUSTABLE GLOBE HAND LANTERN, Holmes, Booth & Haydens, WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORE, BOSTON, 49 Chambers St. 18 Federal St. Manufacturers of al! kinds of Brass, Copper & German Silver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. BRASS & COPPER WIRE, vine oper wee one'| THE JOHN A, ROEBLING'S SONS CO, BRASS & IRON MANUFACTURERS OF JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. |WIRE ROPE! .,,....«, [Iron and Steel A. C. NORTHROP, _|suyenptirenranisespoons,| ""S*zeCowe | Telegraph Wie, | WIRE atereurye Conn.» Kerosene Burners, &c. kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Market Wire, Fence Wire NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS|JoHN DAVOL & SONS, |tictnusensanaeycc”| Vineyard Wire. | occ. wire: sprine wire Lightning Rods, &c., &c, Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Agents for Suspension Bridge Cables, R.vet Wire, &c., &c, FOR HARDWARE TRADE. Brooklyn Brass and Copper COs; Dealers in GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &. 100 John Street, N. ¥. CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND. Address, HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co., Pa. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germany. PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, Desk and Office Railing, Riddles, Coal and Sand Screens, Nursery Fenders and Spark Guards, Ornamental Wire Fence, COPPER. Kettle Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, Rivets, Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, &c. Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, Wire, Zinc, Etc. 29 & 31 Cliff St., cor. Fulton, DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool. NEW YORK. WORKS ROEBLING'S aT New York Office Established 1837. Incorporated 1876. WATERBURY MANUFACTURING CO. WATERBURY, CONN. Brass Machine Screws, Jack and Safety Chain, Bibb Screws and Springs, Whip Mountings, Chisel & Screw Driver Ferrules, Patented Articles, ____ BRASS AND METAL GOODS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Warehouse 117 Liberty Street. Wrought Iron and Brass Machine Screws; Turned, Hexagon, Round and Square Head Cap and Set Screws; Brass and Iron ¢ rey on and Jack Chain: Gilt, Ni ckel | Plated and Bronze Trimmings of all kinds. from Sheet Iron, Steel or Estimates on patented articles, or any desc ription of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited aud promptly given. Siisieccanennas ABRAM 8. HEWITT, President, JAMES HALL, Treasurer. WM. HEWITT, Vice President, E. HANSON, Secretary. PASSAIC ZINC CO. C0. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, ieee INCORPORATED 1847), P & it FOR TRENTON, N. J., Manufacturers of Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINK WORK. Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders. IRON and STEEL WIRE OF ALL CRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED; Iron and Steel Wire Rods; . MANNING g SQUIER, Gen'l Agents ‘or MARTIN J Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables. . - IN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIR EXTRA QUALITIES _OF BAR IRON AND. RODS. 113 Liberty Street, a Y. ! SIEMENS MART! Swedish and German Charcoal Wire. E, penne oR [ATL VANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal lron Wire; ) Geo. W. Prentiss & Co.. “ of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with eh Gaiden and in long lengths. Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. HOLYOKE, MASS., GALVANIZED STEE I WIRE, Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths, MANUFACTURERS OF For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, quae ~ oy von 1. Stag les, &c, Annealed and Oiled Fencing Philadelphia Omice, JOHN Hewitt i nt he North I a St. v Y IRE ROPE: nT RNS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. “BRODERICK & BASCOM, TELEGRAPH CABLES. MANUFAC so A ACTURERS OF Contractors to the German and Foreign governments. The olde oe house in the braneh on the Con- . Weleg graph Address, CAKLSWERK, COLOG General Agents for U. 8. and Gunada, eae c ‘oppereds Annealed and‘ Tin PERKINS & CHOATE, 23 Nassau Sty N. HY WIRE RAILING if all sizes stre sight ne 2 and cut to order AND 8 WIRE ROPE. The Schoenberg tal Mg to, J. WOOL GRISWOLD, | Manufacturers of and Dealers in M facturer of }= “ n TYPE anufacturer ‘Ornamental Wire Works. SOLDER, ’ - | Stereotype, Electrotype and Babbitt Metals, % j 7 ¢ Ee BE ¥ | No. 36 North a — “malian | Manufacture WIRE RAILING for Cemete nee Cc ters of Block Tin, Antimony, &e. Refiners of pe a 4. Spolter, &e. “High est price pak i for Oid HMotals pice, Be. . wares es, to ers neem an a r t , Beasteads Gy — al: kinds at Dross. 5:35 eM? $0. ast TROY, N, Y, |g goons. mtireet, between Avenues A & tineni IRON WASHBURN & MOEN MANUEACTURING CO. Largest low prices Lists on ay - IRON A general | Rails kept 0: made prom W. B.C. C 4. W. ENG! 7. P. HOW January 6, 1881. THE IRON AGE. STEEL WIRE forall purposes and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. 0. LINDEMANN & C0., S = x Manufacturers of all > (oN Ps \ kinds of > {((©))) $ S F ‘ \ > WY = A ~ ZI ce PLL NN Japanned, Brass & |} FF SS a See LLL , - ~ == er Tin Plated : S $= ony tes be S$ rR PR, i 4 > | < S > > u Lr c a ee fe S > SS RS ; Ao Toe CAGES. |g ¥ iN | ieee Et = is “ He | TF ; a Catalogues furvished rc) S to the trade, 254 Pearl St., NEW YORK. Market Steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and coverca. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, coustautly on hand. NEW YORK, 234, 238 and 238 West 29th Street, - ° - o e SOLE MAKERS, WESTON’S _ YALE Lock MANFe. co., DIFFERENTIA L | Office & Waske, STAMFORD, CONN. PULLEY BLOCKS. 563 CHAMBERS ST., NEW YORK. 507 MARKET sST., PHILADELPHIA. 36 PEARL STREET, BOSTON. ‘G4 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO. BROWN & BROTHERS, |Stanley Rule & Level Co., 2, 81 Chambers St., N. Y. ANUFACTURERS OF Manufacturers of BRASS, COPPER AND GERMAN SILVER, In Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, Rivets and Burs, Etc. FACTORIES, New Britain, Conn, Waterbury, Conn, | improved | Car ’ | penters 29 Chambers St,, Tools. bl New York, , Manufacturers of Bailey’s Patent Adjustable Planes, General Agents for the sale of Leonard Bailey & Co.'s ** Victor Planes,” Manufacturers of ** Defiance? Patent Adjustable Planes, WAREROOMS, “lied This Advertisement is Changed Every Week, GAUTIER STEEL GO. LIMITED. CHAS, DOUGLASS, Gen’! Supt. Johnstown, Pa. Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER AIOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 lbs. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. D, G, GAUTIER, Chairman, New York. D. J. MORRELL, Treasurer, Johnstown, Pa, Steel. of all kinds. Bricut wire PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANK, SILVER-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich designs. GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. POPE, COLE & Co. BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Also Cakes, of unequaled purity and toughness. Carriace sprincS ANNEALED wirE Rairoap sprincS Coprereo wire Wire rooS Fincer sarS Rake TEETH OFFICE GALVANIZED wir — “‘Tinneo wirE Wire Fence STAPLES EASTERN 1H T-IRON ee Bs wRovut | AND WAREHOUSE : AND WAREHOUSE: BEDSTEADS. | 93 John St., New York City, WORKS: 505 Commerce Strect, ’ _ . sy JOHNSTOWN, PENN. WILLIAM VOGE L, Manufacturer of Plain and Stamped The cheapest and best Beds in the mar ket. Adopted by the United States nt. a Special Articles Manufactured of Sheet Metals. 41,43 & 45 South 9th Street, Near the Ferries, BROOKLYN (E. D.), N. ¥. HENRY J. VOGEL, LOUIS KH. VOGEL **A" represents the Creeper in position ready for use. “Bp” shows the Creeper thrown back entirely out of the way when not in use, or walking in door ICK CREEPERS to prevent falling on icy pavements. Can be attached to the heel of any boot or heavy shoe. Easily adjust- able when not in use. (Sample pair by mail, 25¢.) E. T. BARNUM, Detroit, Mich. G. Gunther, Manufacturer of Patented Brass, Silver Plated and Japanned BIRD CAGES. Can be nested for ex- Albany Sand a Specialty. FOUNDRY FACINGS, Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. WHITEHEAD BROS, _AMERICAN FACING CO. WM, WHITEMEAD, Treas., 517 W. 15th St., FIRE SAND AND CLAYS. ii ali i ere Bid ep Port shipments. oer te ang aeeah a | = ] 7 103 & 105 William St., | Established 1810, NEW WORK. Largest variety in patterns and unsurpassed in low prices. New Illustrated Catalogues and Price Lists on application. THE MONTOUR IRON & STEEL COMPANY, Works at Danville, Pa. AND PIC IRON.| A general assortment of Mine and Narrow-Gange | Rails kept on hand, from which shipments can be made promptly. W. BE. C. COXE, President, Reading, Pa. 8. W. BNGERSOLL, Treas., Philadelphia, Pa. ¥. P. HOWE, General Supt., Danville, Pa, IN. &G, TAYLOR GO,, PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in ODD AND REGULAR SIZES TIN AND ROOFING PLATES, Black and Galvanized Sheet Iron, Metals, Wire, Copper, Stamped Ware, Registers, &ec. | District of Illinois, rendered jointly, yester- PHILADELPHIA OFFICE TINWARE, SEAMLESS BOXES, ROUND, OVAL AND SQUARE CANS. MOULDING SAND, New York, (From the Chicago Daily Inter-Ocean, December 7 16, 1880.) Barbed Wire Suits. Judges Drummond and Blodgett, of the United States Circuit Court for the Northern day, in the barbed wire lit gation, perhaps one of the most unportant opinious ever de livered in this country, involving, as it does, many millions in its results. This litigation was begun in the federal Court here over four years since, and has been panding ever since, Fourteen bills were filed to inforee the barbed wire patents owned by the Wash bain & Moen Mfg. Co, and Isaac L. Elwood, and these cases are all decided by the present The Cases SO disp sed rf opinion. are as follows : Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. and Isaae L. Ellwood vs. Jaeob Haish: Washburn & Moen Mfy. Co. vs. Jacob Haish ; Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. and Isaac L. Ellwood vs. Illinois Fence Co, et al. ; Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. vs. Illinois fence Co. et a/. | Wash burn & Moen Mfg. Co. and Isaae L. Ellwood vs. the Sandwich Enterprise Co. ct al. ; Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. vs. the Sand- wich Enterprise Co. et al. ; Washburn & Mven Mfg. Co. and Isaac L. Ellwood vs. the Lyman Mfg. Co. ef al. ; Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. vs. the Lyman Mfg. Co. et al. ; Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. and Isaac L. Ellwood vs, Stone ¢ ‘ity Barb Fence Co. et al. ; Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. vs. Stone City Barb Fence Co. et al. ; Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. and Isaac L. Ellwood vs. the Chi- cago Galvanized Wire Fence Co. et al. ; Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. vs. the Chicago Galvanized Wire Fence Co. et al. ; Wash- burn & Moen Mfg. Co. and Isaac L. Ellwood vs. Edwin A. Boers, and Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. vs. Edwin A. Beers. ‘The following eminent counsel were en- gaged in the conduct of these cases : For the complainants : Coburn & Thacher, Chicago; Thomas H. Dodge, Worcester, Mass. ; Benjamin IF’. Thurston, Providence, R. I.; Offield & ‘Towle, Chicago; West & Bond, Chicago; Lawrence, Campbell & Lawrence, Chicago; Charles Mason, Bur- lington, lowa; Hiram P. Dillon, Topeka, Kan. ; Miller & Godfrey, Des Moines, Iowa. For the defendants: George Payson, N. C. Gridley and Munday & Evarts, of Chi- cago; George Christy, of Pittsburgh, Pa., and Albert H. Walker, of Hartford, Conn. Owing to the importance of the subject the opinion is given in full, In the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern District of Illinois. Wash- burn & Moen Mfg. Co. and Isaac L. EI- wood vs, Jacob Haish, Washburn & Moen Mfg. Haish, These are two of a series of 14 cases brought by the plaintiff upon the chancery side of this court for an injunction and dam- ages, by reason of the alleged infringement by defendant of certain patents owned by the complainants relating to barbed fence wire. By the first suit the plaintiffe alloge that they are the owners of the following patents, issued by the United States. 1. Patent No. 67,117, issued July 23, 1867, to William D. Hunt, and reissued, No. 6976, March 7, 1876, to Charles Kennedy, assignee of William D, Hunt. 2. Patent No. 150,683, issued May 12, 1874, to Joseph H. Glidden, and reissued, No. 6913, February 8, 1876, to said Glidden. 3. Patent No, 66,182, dated June 25, 1868, issued to Lucien B. Smith, and reissued, No. 7136, dated May 23, 1876. 4. Patent No. 157,124, dated November 24, 1874, issued to J. F. Glidden. All of which patents, it is charged, have been duly assigned by mesne assignments to the plaintiffs, the Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. and Isaac L. Elwood. The patents involved in the second suit are as follows: 1. Patent No. 74,369, issued to Michael Kelly, dated February 11, 1868, and reissued, No. 6902, dated February 9g, 1876. 2. Patent No. 84,062, dated November 17, 1868, issued to Michael Kelly, and reissued, No. 7035, dated April 4, 1876. 3. Patent No. 163,965, issued to Charles Kennedy, dated August 11, 1874. The title to allof which patents has, it is claimed, been, by mesne assignments from the respective patentees, duly vested in the complainant, the Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. The defenses set up are: 1, A denial of the patentability of the de- vices in question, because from the state of the art it only requires mechanical skill, and not iuveutive genius, to construct them. 2. A denial of the validity of said patents for want of novelty, on the ground that barbed wire has been publicly known and used long prior to the alleged inventions. 3. Aa denial of the validity of the several reissued patents for the reason, it is insisted, that the inventions now claimed by the re- issues are not found in the orignal specifi cations, drawings, and models. 4. That, even admitting the validity of the letters patent, the defendant does not infringe the same, nor any of them. 5s. Adenial of the complainant’s title to the Hunt patent, and their right to main tain this suit upon the title shown. With regard to the last point named, rais- ing the question of title to the Hunt patent, it is sufficient, we think, to say, that the ob- jection comes too late to be considered upon the merits of the cause. In the assignment by Hunt of his interest in the original pat- ent he purports to convey all his right, title, and interest in the said letters patent, ‘‘ ex- cepting 32 or 33 counties heretofore sold and assigned,” not designating the counties thus previously sold and assigned ; and the defendant insists that the conveyance by Hunt is so far ambiguous as that nothing passes by this assignment, because it is un- certain what counties were so reserved or had been previously conveyed. We think it enough to say that this reservation is such as is capable of being made certain by com- petent evidence, showing whab counties had been actually conveyed by Hunt. The bills allege that certain counties in certain States were the ones upon which the excep- tion operated, and the answers do not trav erse or deny this allegation. Besides this, since the assignment from Hunt was made this patent has been reissued to Hunt's assignee, and we think it must be presumed that the title was fully exhibited to the Co. Jacob vs. patent officer at the time of such reissuance ; at least that a reissue to the assignee of Hunt raises a presumption of title in the assignee. If the defendant wished to raise the ques- tion as to whether the reservation included the territory now in controversy, they should have raised it by their answer, or at least have put in proof tending to show that the title to some part of the territory in- volved in this suit was not conveyed by the original assignment from Hunt. A large mass of testimony has been put into the cases bearing upon the question of novelty and the state of the art at the time these inventions are claimed to have been made. ‘The defendants have introduced voluminous proofs tending to show the pub- lic use of barbed wire for fencing purposes long prior to any of these alleged inventions. We will not take the time to examine those proofs in detail, but dispose of that branch of the case by saying that these proofs fail to satisfy us that barbed wire for fencing purposes had ever been publicly known or used prior to these inventions in such man- ner as to defeat these inventions for want of novelty. We do not intend to be under- stood as intimating that the witnesses who have testified to the various instances of the use of barbed wire for fencing purposes have been guilty of intentional false swearing. but simply to say that this proof, which is almost wholly made up of the recollections of witnesses revived after the lapse of many years, and contradicted, as it is in most in- stances, by the explicit testimony of other equally credible witnesses, leaves so much doubt as to the actual existence of these various barbed wire fences, or any of them, as to make it at least unsafe ground on which todefeat a patent. The rule as to the degree of proof required to defeat a pat- eut by showing prior use is well stated in the following authorities : In Cochran vs. Ogden, 18 Wal., 120, the opinion having been delivered by Mr. Justice Swayne, it is said : ‘Lhe invention or discovery relied upon as a defense must have been complete and capable of producing the result sought, and this must be shown by the defendant. The burden of proof rests upon him, and every 5 doubt should be resolved against im. So, too, Judge Wheeler, in the case of Webster Loom Co, vs. Higgins, 16 Off Gasz., 675, says: ‘‘ The burden of proof rests upon the defendant to show beyond any fair doubt the prior knowledge and use set up.” In Howe vs, Underwood, 1 Fisher, 175, Judge Sprague said : ‘* How invariable is it that after a great invention has been brought before the world, has become known to the public, and been put in form to be useful, that people start up in various places and declare thet they invented the same thing before. The cotton-gin and the other discovery are illus- trations in point; and others of similar character might be added indefinitely. These pretended prior inventors bad thought of such athing ; that they had the Couveptiou ef such a thing, perhape; but they never carried it to the extent of mak- ing it of practical utility, so that the world could obtain possession of it. But when they find that another has eompleted that which they had begun, they are astonished that they did not see, think they must have seen all that is necessary, and claim that they have inventedit. After having seen what has been done, the mind is very apt to blend the subsequent information with prior recollections, and confuse them together. Prophecy after the event is easy prophecy. I think that this is one of the cases in which several of the witnesses have been led into the illusion of believing that they knew be- fore what they have learned or been taught.” The same learned Judge, in Hayden vs, Suffolz Mfg. ©o., 4 Fisher, 103, said: ‘Where an invention of a useful machine or structure or improvement in any machine is shown to have been made, and it is sought to be invalidated by an old machine made years ago, the jury should examine the tes- timony and the evidence with care and cau- tion, so as to be satisfied that that which is said to have existed was actually and sub- stuntially the same. * ® * ‘* The rule of law is a reasonable one; at all events, it is a rule of law that a party that sets up such an old instrument that has passed away, has upon him the burden of satisfying the jury, upon a preponderance of evidence, that it is substantially the same as what has taken place before they will set aside the patent.” So, in Goodyear vs. Day, 2 Wallace, Jr., 283, Mr. Justice Grier says: ‘‘It is usually the case, where any valuable discovery is made or any new machine of great utility has been invented, that the attention of the public has been turned to the subject pre- viously, and that many persons have been making researches and experiments. * * Many experiments may have been unsuc- cessfully tried, coming very near, yet fall- ing short of, the desired result. They have produced nothing beneficial. The invention, when perfected, may truly be said to be the culminating point of many experiments, not only of the inventor, but by many others. He may have profited indirectly by the un- successful experiments and failures of oth- ers, but it gives them no right to claim a share of the honor or the profit of the suc- eessful inventor.” The testimony as to the state of the art shows that fence wire and wire fences and wires for such purposes, composed of two or more strands twisted or daid together, were old at the time these inventors entered the field ; also that fences had been, long before Hunt’s invention, armed with spikes or other sharp projecting points, for the pur- pose of making them more effective in re- sisting the encroachments of animals or other intruders. Indeed, the thorn hedges, which have been used almost from time im- memorial, are in one sense only a barbed fence, their effectiveness as a barrier arising mainly from the natural thorns or spurs with which the hedge shrubs are armed. It must be conceded, both from the proofs in these cases and from those common facts within the knowledge and observation of all intelligent persons, that the idea of furaish- ing a fence or wall with some kind of sharp spikes or prickers is old. The ordinary picket fence ; the device of spikes on area SE a enn aE oe —— A THE IRON AGE. January 6, 1881. “von. aan xvon. Xvow. xron. xvoN. NEW YORK NEW YORK. NEW YORK. PITTSBURGH. PITTSBURGH. OGDEN & ‘WALLACE, A. B. Warner & Son, ions are’ IRON MERCHANTS, IRON & STEEL, COOP TRORD | | 28 & 29 West and 52 Washinaton Sts, BAR IRON. BOILER PLATE, SHEET AND PLATE IRON, KIOOP, BAND AND SCROLL IRON, od and Horse Shoe Iron, | Beller Tubes, Angle, Tee & Girder Iren, | Boller and Tank Rivets. Sole Agents for the celebrated Angle and T Iron, “Kureka,” Pennocks, Swedes and Nerway Iron, Norway Nall Rods. PIERSON & 60., «Wawasset,” Lukens, __lron of al] sizes and shapes made to order. Brands of Iron. Alsoall descriptions of Plate, Sheet, 24 Broadway New York City. aud Gasometer [ron. Special attention to Locomotive ’ Lron. , Fire Box Iron a specialty. { ‘0 i & Ste el. stated rs aa on mat grade of Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops. ) COMMON & REFINED IRON, Be rolls, Ovals, Sas eee ey 4 Re panda, eceedees . rior Hoops, Rods, Scrolls, Bands, Ovals, suntan benmdes 7G. e All puddied bali is re 2. ug ed o AT it nes may be sent to the Millor Horse Shoe, Nail Rods, TER, our Agent, at 59 Jonn Steel, &c. Ser ok AN fae M ARSHALL LEFFERTS, 90 Beekman St., New York City, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER. Galvanized Sheet Iron, Ist and 2d Qualities, Orders promptly filled from stock. ABEEL BROTHERS, | Established 176, by ABEEL & BYVANCK, Iron Merchants, 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. Hoop ‘and Sand Iron, ‘Galv anized Rod dnd Bar Iron, U L ST = Ke i Fe O N Pine. anized Nails, Galvanized Chain, Galvanized Iron A full assortment of all sizés constantly on hand. “CORRUGATED SH FET IRON Refined Iron, Horse-Shoe Iron, For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted. Common Iron, Best Charcoal, Beet Refined and Common ion ane and Scroll Iron, SHEET IRON. Plate and Tank Iron, CH Cc Me. 1 Flange, Best Flange, Norway Shapes, Cast, Spring and Tire Steel, etc. A. R. Whitney, Manufacturer of and Dealer in IRON, 6, 58 & 60 Hudson as, 50.4 62 Thomas anal NEW 7 12, 14 & 16 Worth Sts., Oar specialty is in Mianufacturing Iron Used in the Con- struction of Fire-Proot Buildings, Norway Nall Rods, CN No. Best Tate Fire Box, Cire BOILER IRON Stamped and Guaranteed. All de serietiona of Iron Work Galvanized or Tinned to o Price list Pand Price list and quotations se sent upon application, - application. -W. BAILEY LANG, Sole Agent In United States & Canada for LOW-MOOR IRON COMPANY, Bridges, «ce. ; e Plans = qmnnce copmiahed, and contracts made | NO. 50 BEEKMAN ST., NEW YORK. t d ipti Books containing cuts of all Iron ‘made oat Oo > JAMES WILLIAMSON & CcoO., plication by Sample pieces at office. ree address 58 Hudson Street, BORDEN & LOVELL, Commission Merchants 70 & 71 West St., — New York. Agents for the sale of Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, Bands, Hoops & Rods. AND Borden Mining Company’s Cumberland Coals. . ‘ WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., Iron Bridge Builders IRON MERCHANTS | Beams, Channels, Angles, Cor. Albany & Washington Sts., Tens, NEW YORK CITY Merchant Iron, &c., &c. _M. H. w ALLACE, © B. F. JUDSON, Importer of and Dealer In SCOTCH AND AMERICAN Pig Iron, Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, OLD METALS. SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON, No. 69 Wall St., New York. ULSTER IRON WORKS. ry. Perce | 18 Wall St., New York. Tuckerman, Mulligan &Co Passaic Rolling Mill Co., PATERSON, N. J. Wu. Bisex AM. WATTS COOKE, Presider Ww. 0. PAYERW EATHER, ‘R, Treasurer, 130,132 4134 . aaa Saneet, New York, Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &c., &c, Age es fen Cee pebebeeted Cast Shes l Be Mier Pintes, | Foe Coatesville Ir Pottstown Iron C | aurel Rx ing Sth, and U nic om, r ube Works ;Wro Sught TT e iv & 459 Water St., | ie 4 Beams, An 5, 233 & 255 = sf NEW YORK. | WUGH Ww. AD LMS, ———— RAEN eee | J . 4 é DANIEL F. COONEY, | DFALER IN (Late of and Successor to Jas. H.Heldane & Ce.) FOREIGN AND AMERICAN SS Washington St., N. Y. BOILER PLATES and S SHEET IRON, RAILWAY, PIG AND SCRAP IRON, LAP WEI Estimates furoished for all kinds of Iron Work. Boller Rivets, mast &T wen, Cut Halls ‘ Splies 56 PINE STREET, Vieduc st Iro mm Works D. L. COBB. NEW YORK, Ss. A. LISSBERGER, IRON & METAL DEALER, ), 511 and sig to s2g East igth St., New York, Agency for Pottsto a iren ¢ Abvanon Ro'ling Mills »y Ire on Wor , Laurel Iron tf ork 8. The Be gen h oiling vilis, at Je = sey ¢ “ity. P. W. GALLAUDET, Banker and Note Broker, have on hand, and offer f le, th lo No 3 and 5 Wall Street, | , ave on and Al aan rics ae he & wr = eins NEW YORK. | and Machinery Scrap lron, Car Wheels, Axles und Heavy Wrought Iron; also, old Copper, Comp< HARDWARE, METAL, IRON RUBBER, SHOE, | tion, Brass, Lead, Pewter, Zinc, &c. | American & English Refined Iron. Dan'L Ww. RICHARDS, ‘Pig Iron and Bar Iron, New York Office, Room 45, Astor House, | | 88 to 96 Mangin St., New York. CARMICHAEL & EMMENS, | | John W. Quincy, 98 William Street, New York. Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, Wrought Serap, Cut Nails, Copper, BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER. ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &e NICKEL, &e HARRISON & GILLOON IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 558, 560, 562 WATER 8T., and 902, 904, 306 CHERRY BT., NEW YORK, have on hand, and offer for sale, the following: c rican Pig Iro Machinery Sorap Iron, CaeWhee Wrought Iron; also old Copper, Composition, Brass, “wis OXFORD IRON CO.. (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) a Cut Nails AND SPIKES. J. S. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. - BURDEN’S | HORSE SHOES. “Burden Best” lron Boiler Rivets. Burden Iron Works, H. Burden & Sons, Troy, N. Y. AND BURDEN’S H. B. & §. Barron. Also Best Grades of All sizes and shapes in stock. EGLESTON BROS, & CO., 261 pouth St | NEW YORK CITY, Morton B. Sura. DAN’L W. RICHARDS & CO., Scrap Iron, Scrap Steel, Old Rails and Old Metals, W. S. MIDDLETON, IRON AND SHEE GoLER PLATE Broker in Machinery & Iron Agent for FORSTER’S CRUSHER & PULVERIZER, The best in market. Ww. Ss. MEDDLETON, 52 John St,, N. ¥. Glengarnock and Carnbroe SCOTCH PIG IRON. For spot delivery and for prompt or forward shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore or New Orleans, For sale in lots to suit by JAMES LEE & CO., Sole Agents for the United States, 72 Pine Street, Ne w York. PAPER AND PAPER HANGINGS, LUMBER, COAL ND PAILROAD PAPER WANTEI BATES & DESPARD,| 117 Pearl 8t., New oe P. O. Box 764, | Importers of } A} a 4 é "APE , ‘TED 4DVANCES MADE ON BUSINESSS PAPER AND | OTHER SECURITIES. Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. srg vo OLS, SSH FULLER BROTHERS & CO., SCRAP IRON and OLD RAILS ¢, f, and 4 to} America, or f, 0, b. Euglish ports, 139 Greenwich Street, New York, Wrought, Cast and Axles and Heavy OFFICE, No, 143 First Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa, W. D, WOOD & (0S AG. HaATRY, Commission Merchant. Bar, Sheet, Tank, Boller, Angle, T, and Rallroad Iron, And Railroad Equipment. Nails & Spikes Steel & R. R. Supplies, WINDOW GLASS, GAS PIPE & BORAX. PITTSBURGH, PA. PATENT Planished Sheet Iron. Patented March 14th, 1865 ; April 8th, 1873 ; Sept. 9th, 1873; Uct. 6th, 1874; Jan, 11, 1576. Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, and at a much less price. FOR SALE, by all the principal METAL DEALERS In the Large cities througheut THE UNITED STATES. And at thoir Office, Ill Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA,|> |FEL TOE CALKS. C. A. von Bonnhorst. R A, Wilson, Extra Quality Homogeneous Steel * * ma mon," BOILER PLATE Iron and Steel Rails, All Sizes, STEEL PLATES, all descriptions. BLOOMS AND ORE, Cut Nails and Spikes, Plate and Sheet 88 Fourth ave., cor, Wood st., Pittsburgh. Iron, all descriptions, SNOW SHOES NN] ROADSTER \ @ PATTERN. John |. Williams. Henry M. Long, Nathan M. McDowell, Keystone Rolling Mill,|SHOENBERGER & co,, "v2" Wiliams, { Cc. BANE, mams, tong & McDowell, | o1p RAILS, SCRAP IRON, STEEL Merchant Bar and Skelp Iron, PIC IRON, BLOOMS, Sheets and Plates of all sizes, AND ORE. PITTSBURGH, PA. Office, No. 87 Water Street, Pum) Pa. Portsmouth Iron and Steel Co., Mill at Sono, Second Avenue, Successors to CHAS. z LUNDELL. gum CAYLORD ROLLING MILL CO., Manufacturers of Siemens-Martin (Open Hearth) No. 7 Exchange Place BOSTON, STEEL BOILER PLATE, Agricultural and Machinery Steel and Steel Tire. Also, Homogeneous Iron Boiler Plate and Rivets, Merchant Bar, en fm -~ Sheet Iron, Wrought Spikes, Fish Bars an Office oa Works : $ PORTSMOUTH, OHTIO.~ J. C. LEWIS, GEO. 8. LEWIS, Sars age S