The Iron Age 1880-10-14: Vol 26 Iss 16

NIVES Mass. _—____—— AND Ss. juote the ly other ve list. The Iron Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. qe Vol. XXVI: No. 16. Experiments with the Clayton Air Compressor. The rapid extension of the use of air com- pressors in metallurgical works, and notably | in mines for the running of rock drills, has led to a rapid improvement in this class of machinery. The exigencies of good and | economical working are being more thor- oughly examined, and earnest efforts are being made to meet them. Among the more important points are : The necessity of keep- ing the air cylinder cool and depriving the | compressed air of the heat made sensible by compression; the importance of ejecting | loss which would accompany the use of steam under similar circumstances. There- fore it becomes a matter of vital importance, in the construction of air compressors, to secure the heat as fast as possible during compression, and by so doing reduce the amount of power required to compress a given volume of air. In considering the merits of any diagram from an air cylinder, it s important to observe how nearly the compression line follows the hyperbolic curve, which represents an increase of pres- sure at a constant temperature. An ap- proximation tothe curve can only be ob- tained by an absorption of the heat as rap- from the cylinder all the compressed air at the completion of the stroke, and of lifting ! the delivery valves at the time when the pres- sure in the cylinder has reached that main- tained as a working pressure in the re- ceiver. Special atten- tion has been directed to these points in de- signing the compressor manufactured by the Clayton Steam Pump Works, Brooklyn, an illustration of which is given in the accom- panying cut. We have on former occasions spoken of the principal features of this design, the chief points of nov- elty of which at pres- ent is that a connecting rod has been substi- tuted for the sliding boxes formerly seni the yokes being place a sufficient distance apart to admit it. The weight of the yokes, pistons, rods, &c., is now carried by an adjustable ‘“‘ slipper guide,” not visible in our engraving, which is intended to dimin- ish the wear of the cylinder boxes. Our present purpose is to call attention to an ef- fort made to definitely fix, by the upplication of the indicator to the air cylinder, the exact value of the use of the ial devices -~ oyed to secure effici- cake and economical work. The series of cards which we place before our readers were taken from the same air- cylinder under the Lbs. same cunelnens of 8 , &e., while test- nee 12-inch diameter by 13-inch stroke Clay- ton Duplex Air Com- pressor, recently built for the Bay — ao Company, 0 ‘0 Henry, N. ¥. By taking a card with all the parts ad- justed and in opera- tion, and following it with others where the use of the special ap- pliances employed in the first case are suc- cessively omitted, one by one, a comparison of results obtained in Lbs. 6 the different diagrams 60 affords good evidence 50 of the comparative value of the different 40 parts. In working up the cards the same 30 rules are applied as 20 in working up steam engine cards. The air 10 resistance to the ad- vance of the piston, at 0 a given rate of speed, is treated in the same manner as the steam 100 pressure is treated in the ordinary steam en- gine card in propelling the piston forward at @ given velocity. As air-compressing machinery has but recently begun to re- Geive that degree of attention in min- ing and metallurgical operations which its importance demands, some explanation of the difficulties which present them- selves in the construction and operation of such machinery are appropriate ia this connection. If it were possible whenever compressed air is employed in propellin other machines to prevent the radiation an loss of the heat generated in its compres- sion, its development would not be consid- ered a matter of importance, because it would add as much additional pressure to the com- pressed air as was absorbed by its compres- sion previously. One of the principal rea- tons which recommends the use of com- pressed air is the convenience with which it pea used for transmitting wer through distances, and bes up for an in- dednitely long period without suffering the idly as it is rendered sensible by the com- pression. Per cent of Stroke Indicator Card.—No. 1.—From Air Cylinder. 60 50 40 30 Per cent of Stroke Indicator Card.—No. 2.—From Air Cylinder. ~ For convenience the hyperbolic curve is New York, Thursday, October 14, 1880. The induction and eduction valves are|the air into a receiver, the safety valve placed in the cylinder covers, and are! of which was setat 45 pounds. Consequently so arranged that the valves and seatings | the resistance was uniform during the trial. can be unscrewed and removed by taking | The speed also was the same (53 revolutions off the covers. Disks of semi-elastic material | per minute) excepting when No. I was are interposed between the valve faces and seats, with a view to protect the metal sur- faces from wear. The discharge valves are lifted by an adjustable tripping device, which can be set to lift the discharge valves at any desired point in the stroke, thus af- fording the means for a free escape for the air in the cylinder as soon as it has reached ; 7 > ‘ | taken. The speed in this case was increased from 53 to 65 revolutions per minute, in order to determine the limit to which the speed of the air piston could be increased and still the cylinder be filled with air of normal density before reaching the end of the stroke, when compression commences, without charging the proportion of “ inlet the ‘‘ working pressure.” The suction valves! valve” opening to area of piston, which is which open into the cylinder are sup- | adopted in constructing these compressors. plied with safety stems, in order to prevent | Card No. 1 was taken from the air cylin- any accident from following the breakage of der when supplied with water for lubricating a valve from its stem, one of the most fruit- 1090 90 80 75 70 60 50 49 30 20 Per cent of Stroke Indicator Card.—No. 3.—From Air Cylinder. 70 60 50 40 30 Per cent of Stroke , Indicator Card.—No. 4.—From Air Cylinder. the interior surfaces, and also filling the shown on all the diagrams accompanying ful sources of accidents to air compressors. ‘‘clearance” spaces. Water was supplied this article. | Theinterior of the cylinder is supplied at each |to the exterior jacket, and the “tripping In the Clayton Compressor the air cylin- | stroke with a fixed amount of lubrication | device” adjusted to act at the proper time der is surrounded by a water jacket of somewhat novel construction. The water is received into the jacket through pipes connected with the top of the air cylinder near the center, partitions being placed in the jacket in such a manner that they com- pel the water to circulate from the center along the top to and around the ends of the cylinder for one-fourth of its length. At this point the greatest compression of the air takes place, and consequently the most heat is generated. The water then passes around the center of the cylinder, discharg- ing at the top, thus bringing the temperature of the middle of the cylinder to the same as at the ends and top, and securing the jacket against an absence of water. |(water or oil) by means of an automatic | feed valve, the construction of which is such | that no fluid can pass into the cylinder when the compressor is not working, and the dan- | ger of flooding the cylinder is guarded against. These compressors have an air governor, | which we described on a former occasion. Its object is to permit the attainment of any pressure desired, by simply changing the position of the weight on the lever of the governor, and to stop the compressor when- ever the air pressure exceeds the desired point, readmitting steam when the air pres- sure falls. When the accompanying diagrams were taken, the compressor was delivering | in opening the delivery valves. The diagram | shows that at the speed at which the com- | pressor was working, the action of those parts which could directly influence the movement of the indicator was very good. From the point at which induction ceased and com- pression commenced, the pencil followed the ‘* hyperbolic,” or curve of constant temper- ature. Card No. 2 shows that without the trip- ing device the pressure is raised, before it fts the discharge valves, from 46 to 62 pounds. The water was running into the cylinder, as in card No. 1, but not into the water jacket, and the line shows how the air is heated and expanded in advance of its iull pressure, ‘ Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. $2.50 a Year, Including Postage. Single Copies, Ten Cenés. Card No. 3 shows that, although the suc- tion valves are lifted automatically, a heavy loss is occasioned by the absence of water from the cylinder, as the compressed air not discharged at the end of the stroke followed the piston back about one-fifth of its stroke. Card No. 4 was taken from the cylinder when there was no water in the jacket or in the cylinder, and the valves were lifted without the assistance of the toes. This shows a heavy loss of power by the heating of the air by its passage into a hot cylinder, a great loss in compressed air expanding back in the cylinder and omens the space which should be filled by fresh air, and a large waste of power in the lifting of the valves, viz., from 45 pounds (the work- ing or receiver pres- sure) to 67 pounds, the pressure at which the valves lifted. Card No. 5 (see page 3) was taken from the steam cylinder of one of these compressors, and shows the degree of economy attained in its consumption of steam in proportion to the amount of effective working power in the shape of compressed air given. The com- pressor (with steam and air cylinders of equal diameter and stroke) was running at go revolutions per minute, with a boiler pressure of 70 pounds, cutting off the steam at 52 per cent of the stroke, and yiving an air-receiver pressure of 100 pounds initia The Earth’s Popu lation and Area.— In the new issue (No. 6) of Behm and Wag- ner’s well-kown ‘ Be- vilkerung der Erde” there are several points of fresh interest. Since the last issue, about two years ayo, the population would seem to have been increased by about 17,000,000, the present population of the earth, accord- ing to Behm and Wag ner, being 1,456,000,- 000, as against 1,439,- 000,000 two years ago. This, however, cannot be set down to absolute natural increase, much of the addition being, no doubt, the result of new and more accurate statistics. The new issue has, for example, to take account of several new censuses, some of them in count- ries where the popula- tion has not been ac- curately counted for many years, if at all. We have, for example, the census of Spain, in 1877; Portugal, 1878; Greece, 1879; Bosnia and Herzegov- ina, 1879; New Zea land, 1878 ; Peru, 1876; Denmark, 1880, besides several smaller places. The total population is divided among the continents as follows: Europe, 315,929,000 or at the ratio of 32.5 per square kilometer ; Asia, 834,707,000, or 18.7 per square kilo- meter; Africa, 205, 679,000, or 6.9 per square kilometer ; America, 95,495,500, or 2.5 per square kilo- meter; Australia and Polynesia, 4,031,000, or 0.4 per square kilo- meter ; the remainder, 82,000, belong to the North Polur region, mostly Iceland and Greenland. Although the census of the United States was taken some months since, and some of the data oozed out in an irregular fashion, Herren Behm and Wagner have not made any use of the results, wisely preferring to await ofiicial statistics. The. calculate that the census ought to give a result of at least 47,000,000. The editor; have also made a fresh planimetrical cujcu lation of the area of Africa, yielding a re sult of 29,283,390 square kilometers, Of this area about six and a third millions are forest and'cultureJand, the same area savannahs and scattered woods, 1,500,000 bush, 4,200,v0 steppe, and 10,500,000 desert. his last item seems appalling, but it should be r membered that much of this desert may b: reclaimable, and that it includes large areas of fertile oases. A new planimetric calculation of the area of South America yields a re a : / ! | — Se na | ee ——- ae ad PS a - 7 = = ba Fi sea == . ee ——— 3 -< al Z , o2 —— — C ae a FHetals. ANSONIA BRASS & COPPER CO., No. 19 Cliff Str eet, Phelps Building, NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Waterbury Brass Co. CAPITAL, - - $400,000. Sheet, RoJl and Platers’ Brass, GERMAN SILVER, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms.) GQPPER RIVETS & BURS, PURE COPPER WIRE BRASS KETTLES, For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. | yy 45% Rail, Brass Tags, Prosphor Bronze Rody for Pumps, &c. PERCUSSION CAPS, ANSONIA Yi REFINED POWDER FLASES, Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Mesures, &c. INCOT COPPER. ae And small Brass Wares of every Description. PHELPS, DODGE & CO. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. IMPORTERS OF Sole Agents for the Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line ot Sport- TIN PLATE, ROOFING PLATE, ing Goods and Wood’s Paper Shot Shells. Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zine, &c. DEPOTS: Mills At MANUFACTURERS OF PActals. Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. 296 Broadway, New York, WATERBURY, 189 Eddy St., Providence, R. |. Conn, Manhattan Brass Co,, Manufacturers of Sheet Rrass, Olmsted Patent Ollers, Prior Patent Oilers COPPER AND BRASS. | ares wire, prior Paton outers B Tin & Zinc Oilers CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. Copper Rivets, rass, . SCOVILL MFC CO Zinc Tubing, Hurricane Lanterns, BRASS, Brown’s Patent Picture Hooks. HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. Fire Sets, Fenders, &c. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BRASS BLANKS AND TUBES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION TO ORDER. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. ——_~.———_ OFFICE AND WORKS, DEPOTS, FACTORIES, 1st Ave., 27th to 28th Sts., New York, THE NEW HAVEN COPPER CO., 1? owen tates. ey om | 2565 Pearl Street, New Vork. 183 Lake St., Chicago, New York City. Manutacturers of and Dealers in DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO.,|Braziers’ & Sheathing Importers of COPPER. Kettle Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, Rivets, Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, &c. Established 1837. Incorporated 1876. WATERBURY MANUFACTURING (CO. WATERBURY, CONN. Brass Machine Screws, Jack and Safety Chain, Bibb Screws and Springs, Whip Mountings, Chisel & Screw Driver Ferrules, Patented Articles, BRASS AND METAL GOODS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, Wire, Zinc, Ete. 29 & 31 Olig St., cor. Fulton, DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool, NEW YORK. A. C. NORTHROP, | Waterbury, Conn., NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS); FOR HARDWARE TRADE. Wrought Iron and Brass Machine Screws; rains Glies on, Round and Square Head Cap and Set Screws; Brass and Iron ey on ana Jack Oh t, Nickel Plated and Bronze Trimmings of all xinds. from Sheet Iron, Steel Estimates on patented articles, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited aud gee m puly even. ABRAM 8. HEWITT, President. JAMES HALL, Treasurer. WM. HEWITT; Vice President. E. HANSON, Secretary. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, (INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, NEW JERSEY, MANUFACTURERS OF ASX P eto Se OT PRIA BO OF ALL CRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED; Iron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal !tron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Stee! Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths. Ropresemted ia Now York & by COOPER, aBweire £0 ce. “9 bog 29 7 Barling = Slip. BRODERICK & BASCOM, MANUFACTURERS OF STEEL WIRE ROPE. > St. Louis, Mo, IRON WIRE ROPE. 800 N. Main St. THE IRON AGE: October 14, 1880, PActals. Salive, etc. The Plu me & Atwood PHILIP L. MOEN, President and Treasurer. CHAS. F. WASHBURN, Vice President & Secretary WASHBURN & MOEN renee ee £0. noo MASS. Mfg. Company, SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, German Silver and Gilding Metal, Copper Rivets and Burs, Kerosene Burners, |; Lamp Trimmings, &c. ae - Established 1831. 80 Chambers Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Rolling Mill, | Factories, MANUFACTURERS OF THOMASTON, Ct. | WATERBURY, Ct. IRON and STHIETL. WBWIIRE, Patent Steel Barb Fencing, Patent Steel Wire Rale Ties. Brid @ ort Brass Co WIRE RODS of 2 Grades ; ron, Rivet quality ci. to }¢ in., Cut to any length. Owners . § p ay sive Operators of the ATEN? Cc CONTINUOUS HOL LLIN MALL » pro ducing | ine and Steel Wie ih colls of 100 pounds, wathout SEAM OF W Sahn Market and 8 MANUFACTURERS OF Annealed Fence and G jrape Wire cm lone tenets ; Coppered Pail nized Tele foe anes Bolt, Screw, River, BUckIs and Chain Wire. Wire for the manufacture of Card Clothing, Heddles, Ree Piano- -string Covering Wire Tinned Broom Wire and Tinned- pianos Ww ire we - sizes, A spectaky is mace of G Cc lock, Machinery, o- Betew and Spiral Spring Wire, and Refined Wire to Pattern for particuiar purposes from selected stamps of N Orway Iron, Any grade of Wire furnished, Annealed ; Brlent, Polished, CoP, ered, Galvanized or Tin Plated. Wire furnished, Sheet and Roll Brass, neline W tent Linen fintsh. Unri valed Steel Music Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, Wine ance and Cut to say length. Seool ¢ and Drills. Boca Stee! Wire kept tn stock, all siz German Silver Metal and Wire WAREHOUSE, 91 Cliff Street, New York. St. Louls Warehouse, 802. ‘North pe St, ’ t. Chicago Warehouse, 107 Lake 8 Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements. | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS. Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and manufacturing Metal Goods. MANUFACTORY, WAREHOUSE, ee Conn. 19 Murray St., N. Y. Harrison Wire Company, ST. LOUIS, MO. THos, W. Fircn, Cuas. Fisn, Prest. and Treas. Secretary. MANUFACTURERS OF All kinds of IRON & STEEL WIRE Wire Mill Specialties. Holmes, Booth & Haydens, WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORK, BOSTON, NATIONAL WIRE & LANTERN WORKS, Warehouse, 45 Fulton St. N, Y. THIOWARD & MORSE, Manufacturers of Brass, Copper & Iron Wire Cleth, Locomotive Spark Whe Cloth, Iron Wire Bolting Cloth, Ship and Railroad Lanterns, Signal Lights, Conduc- tors’ Lantern, Adjustable Globe Hand Lantern, Desk & Office Railing, Riddles, Coal & Sand Screens, Nursery Fenders & Spark Guards, Ornamental Wire Fence. 9 Oh bers St. 18 Federal St. 7 a of all kinds of WORKS ROE 5 ul NC’'S ; ale aa uomcenccyen NEW York Office Brass, Copper & German Silver, at 3 5 ano ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. TRENTON, Warehouse, N. J. : 117 Liberty Street. THE JOHN A. ROEBLING'S SONS C0,, WIRE ROPE GALVANIZED lron, Steel pn Copper Telegraph Wire, Sictune @arhees oc oni aeee WOR; kinds, for Ferries, Stays, ship Rigging, Sash Cords,/ Vineyard Wire. Lightning Rods, &c., &c, BRASS & COPPER WIR Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs, BRASS & IRON JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. German Silver Spoons, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Kerosene Burners, &c. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Iron and Stee! WIRE Market Wire, Fence Wire Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Brooklyn pas ans Copper Co., Suspension Bridge Cables. Bivet Wire, &e., &e Dealers in GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, wee & Old Metals. ohn Street, x. ¥. PASSAIC ZINC CO. Manufactarers of Pure Spelter FOR Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK, Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, _113 Liberty Street, N. Y. Geo. W. Prentiss & Co.. HOLYOKE, MASS., MANUFACTURERS OF TRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &c. CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND. Address, HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesharre, Luzerne Co., Pa. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, Cariswerk, near Cologne, Germany. PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables. SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, GALVAN IZED TE LEC SRAPEH WiRE of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and in long lengths GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, +gne 7-ply § anh Sipgtes, &c. Annealed and Oiled Fencing Wire, round and ov WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. TELEGRAPH CABLES. Contractors to the German and Fo: olan gee ernments. The oldest ‘Route in the braneh on the Cou tinent. Nelegraph Address, CANLSW ERK, COLOGNE General Agents for U. 8. and C ta PERKINS & CHOATE, 23 Nassau St, N, Ye Bright : Biatod. B —— | J. WOOL GRISWOLD, | fosnnet fpzenay WIRE, RAILING: erneeehaaa Wire Works. No. 36 Ab ee a on uiinetene Manufacture WIRE RAILING for Cemeteries, oni Berean, ' Weve’ wine “ton bes Manufacturers of and Dealers ta SOLDER, TYPE, Mtereotype, Electroty pe and — Motel mporters of Block Tin, Antimo Refiners of pare 8 seg. & de. Bighest price pe oan) Pt for Old Metals s and Street, besween eee Aé PEM PIE ps oe Manufacturer of WiRE, TROY, N. Y. 1880, tary. C0. Ss. I, and exclu; WIRE, ti tone Wire, yet, Buckle ring Wire Screw an ‘way [ron, furnished, el Music a 2d St, St. t. N, Va 'e Cloth, Conduc- Riddles, e Fence, Office use, ) Street. Stee! , Pa. iE, IRE, ry IRE gths ed Fencing , se on the Cou N. Y. NG Vorks. e ’ 1 ie aise, Octeber 14, 1860. THE IRON AGE. 8 | CARYWT & MOEN, Manufacturers of STEEL WIRE fer ali purposes and STEEL SPRINCS of e * iOtgmeceaie saan 5 0. LINDEMANN & (0., t ve Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of Spring Brackets for Bird Cages, And manufacturers of the largest variety of |i Japanned, Brass and lin-Plated Bird Cages in this Country. Catalogues furnished to the trade. 254 Pearl Street, New York. UOLELLA AALS VEL LLELLELELELAAALLLLAL LAL | | et Steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. Also it Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. 934, 936 and 238 West 29th Street, - o o o ° NEW YORK, YALE LOCK MANUFACTURING CO. New Illustrated Catalogue and Price List No. 7 ready for distribution to the trade. SALESROOMS : Office and Works, 53 CHAMBERS ST... NEW YORK. 506 COMMERCE ST., PHILADELPHIA. 36 PEARL STREET, BOSTON. STAMFORD, CONN. G64 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO. BROWN & BROTHERS, ‘Stanley Rule & Level Co., MANUFACTURERS OF FACTORIES, New Britain, Conn. WAREROOMS, 29 Chambers St., New York, 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Waterbury, Conn. | Manufacturers of ' m pre ved BRASS, COPPER AND ae" neg Manufacturers of Bailey’s Patent Adjustable Planes. General nts for the sale of Leonard Bailey & Co.’s ** Victor Planes.” j nufacturers of ** Deflance’’ Patent Adjustable Planes. in Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, | This Advertisement is Changed Every Week. Rivets and Burs, Etc. | D. G. GAUTIER, Chalrma>. D. J. MORRELL, Treasurer. CHAS. DOUGLASS, Gen’! Supt, sams bass cmerTbbe BAUTIER STEEL GO. LIMITED. Pe HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 lbs. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. ANK TENTED SPRING TEMPERED SH ; giLVEx-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich X cesigns. GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. POPE,COLE & Co. y ‘BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Also Cakes, of unequalled purity and toughness. Wrought Iron Fence, Woe gine Our specialty. = NBW YORK Vanes; Stable Fixtures, | Eastern Office & Warehouse, Hitching Posts, Door and Window Guards, | 93 John St. Wrought Iron Grat- \ w Fence Staples, Black or Galvanized, in 100 Ib. kegs. Staple Barbs, Coppered or Galvanized, in x00 Ib. kegs or 25 lb. boxes. PHILA BDELPHIA OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE, S05 Commerce St. woRHs: JOHNSTOWN, PENN. ings, 2c. Address WILLIAM VOGEL, CLEVELAND WROUGHT Manufacturer of Plain and Stamped wow rence Wo" | TINWARE, SEAMLESS BOXES, ROUND, OVAL AND SQUARE CANS. J. H. VAN DORN, Special Articles Manufactured of Sheet Metais. Proprietor, 41, 43 & 45 South 9th Street, Near the Ferries, BROOKLYN (E. D.), N. ¥. CLEVELAND, MENRY J. VOGEL. LOUIS B. VOGEL. 7 ipa. Ohto, U. 8. A. “ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- per and German Silver (In Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), COPPER & BRASS RIVETS AND BURS. Rome, New York. THE MONTOUR IRON & STEEL COMPANY, Works at Danville, Pa. RAILS AND PIC IRON.| A general assortment of Mine and Narrow-Gauge Rails kept on hand, from which shipments can made promptly. W. BE. C. COXE, President, Reading, Pa. « 8. W. INGERSOLL, Treas., Philadelphia, Pa. F. P. HOWE, General Supt., Danville, Pa. MOSES GOLDSMITH & SON, Key Bow 156, CHARLESTON, 8S.- C. Wholesale dealers in METALS, IRON, RACS, And alli kinds of Paper Steck. W a invite correspondence. John Carver, MANUFACTURER OF CAULKING IRONS, Cotton, Freight and Hay Hooks, No. 44 North Third Street, Near First, BROOKLYN, E. D. MOULDING SAND. Albany Sand a Specialty. FOUNDRY FACINGS, Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. WHITEHEAD BROS. WM. WHITEHEAD, Treas., 517 W. 15th St., New York. FIRE SAND AND CLAYS. AMERICAN FACING CO. Established 1810, N. & 6, TAYLOR CO, PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in ODD AND REGULAR SIZES TIN AND ROOFING PLATES, Black and Galvanized Sheet Iron, Metals, Wire, Copper, Stamped Ware, Registers, &c. | sult of 17,732,128 squares kilometers, differ- jing greatly from the sum of the official areas very description. | given by the South American governments. | — oe Paraffine as a Protection to Wood and Iron.* In chemical technology great difficulties sometimes arise when it is desired to manu- facture on a large scale preparations which may be obtained with ease in the labora- tory. In most cases the reason of this failure is the fact that in the manufacture the use of glass, porcelain, platinum, &c., which successfully resist the effects of the various chemical agents, must be dispensed with, and cheaper and less easily breakable materials, such as iron, copper, lead and wood, substituted. Wood especially cannot be replaced by any other material in the wholesale preparation of muriatic lyes, although the same, according to the strength and temperature of the liquid, undergoes sometimes very rapid destruction. Dr. Schal says, in the Wiirt. Gewerbe blatt., that he acquired this experience more particu- larly iu 1874-77, in alizarine works, and that he found in paraffine a means which effi- ciently protects the wood against damp, acids and alkalies, and by which a great saving is effected. The wooden vessels used, especially tanks of pine wood, for boiling acid and alkaline lyas, as well as casks of oak of the heaviest weights, for separating acid alkaline lyes at a pressure of a half to two atmospheres, were generally totally rotten after a few months, but they lasted for two years when impregnated with paraffine. Before treating with paraftine, however, ae 60 50 alone, as it frequently happens that stupefy- ing vapors from the solvent of the paraffine arise, which stupefaction, however, soon dis- 'appears in the open air. The oil varnish may also be diluted with petroleum ether, poured into the barrel, and then the latter rolled about, as above described; but many places escape saturation in this operation. After coating with varnish, the barrel is once more dried, and then filled with water, in order to force out the combustible gases. This is much to be advised, as an explosion once took place in consequence of a work- man trying to enlarge a hole with a red-hot iron, contrary to orders. After the last operation, the inner sides of the various ves sels were rubbed down with a dry duster, so as to take off all loose particles. If impregnation of wood is intended on a large scale, the wood is best stacked in iron boxes, the paraffine solution poured over it, the solution not absorbed drawn off after some time, the solvent forced out of the wood by means of warm air, and recovered by condensation in a cooling apparatus. If the various manipulations are carefully ear- ried out, the duration of vessels thus pre- pared is increased from four to six fold, while the outlay is comparatively small, leav- ing out of consideration that the contents of such vessels are frequently lost by the bot- tom being forced out. Paraffine, melted with equal parts of lin- seed oil or rapeseed oil, is also useful for coating iron vessels, which without a sub- stantial preservative are very liable to rust in manufactories of chemicals. Paraffine likewise protects skin efficiently against wet, alkalies (especially lime), acids, &c. It has often been noticed that workmen in alizarine factories suffered much from sere, ccna a —70 Lbs. 40 30 20 10 Per Cent, of Stroke, The Clayton Air Compressor.—Indicator Card from Steam Cylinder.—(See First Page, the vessels must be thoroughly dried for about three weeks by leaving them in warm and dry air, in order to prepare the wood for the absorption of the paraffine solution in its pores. The latter solution is prepared in the following manner: A part of the paraftine is melted in a spacious metal ves- sel over a moderate fire, the mass being stirred, the boiler taken from the fire, best moved into the open air, stirred until the mass begins to conyeal at the edge, and then about six parts of petroleum ether or bisul- phide of carbon are poured in and stirred until solution. The preparation is then put into vessels that may be hermetically closed, or it may be used at once. In preparing the paraffine solution great care must be exercised, as paratiine, as well as petroleum ether or bisulphide of carbon, is especially inflammable, as even the vapor of the two last-mentioned substances, if mixed with air, may give rise to dangerous explosions. Those substances must, therefore, be kept in a cool place, far from light or fire, and well stoppered. The wood is best saturated in dry and warm weather, as then it dries more quickly, and a smaller quantity of the solving agent is necessary. In wivter six parts of the sol- vent generally do not suffice. This propor- tion changes with the quality of the parafiine and the temperature ; parailine solving with difficulty is better than the more readily soluble article. Vessels easy of access, such | as tanks, tubs, &c., are coated in the open | air with the solution as long as the wood will absorb it. The solvents evaporate very quickly, leaving the paraffine behind, so that two or three coatings may be laid on in suc- cession. If the vessel is to be exceptionally well prepared, it is left for a day to dry, and then another Jayer of the paraffine given. For vessels in which steam is used for boiling the liquids they contain, he applies after a few days a coating of varnish, because the melting point of paraftine is below the boiling point of water, and it is thus in time driven out of the pores by the water. Instead of oil varnish, the vessels, after being well rubbed down, may also be coated with a thin solution of soluble glass, then dried and washed with diluted hydrochloric acid. The silicic acid thus formed clogs up the pores from the outside, and provides a proteetion to the paraffine against the hot water. For vessels which are used only with a moderate heat or cold, the coating of parafiine suffices perfectly. ‘The parafline is hardly dissolved by diluted cold alcohol, is not poisonous, and may also probably be used with advantage for vessels for keeping liquid. In the case of barrels, the solution was poured in simply after drying them; for au oak barrel holding from 9g to 10 hec- toliters, 1 kilo. of paraffine dissolved in pe- troleum ether was required. All openings were then well closed and the barrel rolled about and over for about an hour, so as to bring all parts in contact with the solution. The barrels were finally left standing on their ends for half a day, atter which time the remainder not absorbed was emptied and used fer the outside coating. Before applying the solution outside, however, the bacrels must be well cleaned, for dirt naturally closes the pores of the wood. As these barrels were very expensive, and had to sustain a pressure of two at- mospheres, besides being exposed to a high temperature, they received on both sides an additional coating of oil varnish. It is, however, necessary to let such a barrel stand in the open air at least a fortnight for drying, and as a precaution fire must be kept away from the barrel while being prepared. As a further precaution, in applying the solu- tion inside, the workman must not be left * Journal of the Franklin Institute. ulcerating and swollen hands, especially dur- ing winter. After the workmen began to use, twice daily, a solution of paraffine with rapeseed oil and petroleum, chapped hands (not to mention swollen or ulcerated hands) became a scarcity. The solution is produced by melting three parts each of paraffine and rapeseed oil, removing it from the fire, and adding eight parts of petroleum while stir- ring the mixture. Before using, the solution is stirred a little, and the hands rubbed with it while they are clean and dry. In larger factories, earthenware and tiu vessels, filled with this ointment, are placed at convenient spots, and itis believed that the manufae turer as well as the workmen will find this pay a —- Nickel. Since the convenient five-cent coin, which in common talk is called ‘‘ a nickel,” has come into general circulation, the question above is asked, either mentally or orally, hundreds of times every day, and but few get an intelligent answer. In China and India, a white copper, called pack-tong, bas long been known and has been extensively used both there and in Europe for counter- feiting silver coin. About the year 17008 peculiar ore was discovered in the copper mines of Saxony which had the appearance of being very rich, but in smelting it yielded no Same, and the miners called it kupfer- nickel, or false copper. In 1754, Constadt announced the discovery of a new metal in kupfer-nickel, to which he gave the name of |nickel. It was in combination with arsenic, | from which he could relieve it only in part. | The alloy of nickel and arsenic which be ob- | tained was white, brittle, very hard and had ‘a melting point nearly as high as cast iron | It was not until 1823 that pure nickel was | obtained by analysis of German silver which had for a number of years been produced at Suhl, in Saxony. Its composition was ascer tained to be copper, ten parts ; zinc, five ; and nickel, four. If more nickel be used the alloy is as white as silver and susceptible of a very high polish, but becomes too brittle and hard to be hammered or rolled, and can be worked only by casting. Pure nickel is a white metal and will tarnish read- ily inthe air. Unlike silver, it is not acted on by the vapor of sulphur, and even the strong mineral acids attract it but slightly Nickel has the hardness of iron, and like it, has strong magnetic properties, but cannot be welded and is soldered with difficulty. Pure nickel has heretofore been used chiefly for plating, for which purpose its hardness and power to resist atmospheric influences admirably adapt it. Within the last year the French have succeeded in rolling the metal into plates, from which spoons and other table furniture may be pressed. Nickel bronze, which consists of equal parts of co; per and nickel, with a little tin, may be cast into very delicate forms, and is susceptible of a high polish. Mines of nickel are worked at Chatham, Conn., and Lancaster, Pa., and it is said to be found at Mine Le Motte, Mo., and at several points in Colorado | and New Mexico, where but little attention is pail to it. It is extensively mined in Saxony and in Sweden, but the late covery of a new ore (a silicate of nickel) in New Caledonia will probably supercede all the other ones. The inexhaustible supply oi this ore, the ease with which it can be smelted and the richness of the ore wil! pr ably suspend the use of the arsenical ores and yet bring nickel into common u Switzerland, in the year 1852, made a coin of German silver, which is identical in osition with our nickel coin. The Uni | States made nickel cents in 1856, and eight | years later coined the five cent pieces. Bel | gium adopted nickel coinage in 1860 and Ge: b ~ i. a - Se . a aS a ~ — * > ee ee SS ae Oe lie. = Kl Ws we THE IRON AGE. October 14, 1880, Avon. | ¥ron. Kron. Fron. #V Ot. NEW YORK. EE Zatensiona ial NEW YORK. NEW YORK PITTSBURGH. PITTSBURGH. OGDEN & WALLACE,/ A, B. Warner & Son,| John W. Quincy, |W, 9, WOOD & C0. ic A. G. HATRY, Muccessors to GAM’L G. SMITH & CO., IRON & sTEREEL, 98 William Street, New York. Se eee IRON MERGHANTS, Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, =e Lge fee MIDVALE STEEL WORKS. |22 & 29 West and 52 Washinaton Sts. | wrewgne sorap, Ov Natl, Copper, abon ioadhnenls firms A fall essortment constantly on hand of BOILER PL ATE, BLOCK TIN. LEAD. SPELTER, ANTIMONY. NICKEL, &c And Railroad Equipment. Cast, Machinery, Tool, Spring, Tire, Sleigh steee on ’ : , hoe, Toe Call, Plow and Bitster Steel. atelier Pubes, Anaio, Foo & Girder iron, | Hy A RRISON & GIL LUON we - ee een son Steel Trresand Axles, oe IRON AND METAL DEALERS, PITTSBURGH, PA. = _Steol_Fersings and Costing, —__/“Fipaka” Pennocks, 0 8 WATER Aan se 4 9 CHRERY “ os te a P IERSON & C0., “Wawasset,” LUK@DS, | css nota nega tiation a! Planished Sheet Iron. _ SUNIATA- > Machin Serap Iron, Car Wheels Axies and Heavy Brands of Iron. Alsoall descriptions of Plate, Sheet, | (Ar) olry, Hort valso, old Copper, ‘Composition. Brass, to Locomotive Lead. ewter. dine. ‘ ‘ 24 Broadway, New York City. precergge soll tesetlly aster ragummamaaa eee Patented March 14th, 1865 ; April 8th, 1823 ; , y iroa._Fire Boz iron a specialty. ry Sept. 9th, 1873; uct. 6th, 1874; Jan. 11, 1676. ROME MERCHANT IRON MILLS, OXFORD IRON C0. | enovantcad pail eject te att eapiite to one | lron & Steel. re tet OG Sa Sree _MPORTED RUSSIA IRON Fa wonnster Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops. : COMMON & REFINED IRON, rolls, veh, alf Ovals, Half Rounds, Hexagon an Cc t N | FOR SALE e Seat ornare nel nena s eer | ag U alls sine. fm PATTERN. Manufacturers of the ben. grade of Hloops, Rods, Scrolls, Bands, Ovals, ges e(ienirndeg A pa mor Horse es og Rods, os. o- pan ! aoe our Agent, at 59 Joan fA E Ys A L D Ee A LE R Ss ee sis nt: MARSHALL LE FFERTS, S re i K E > . In the Large cities throughout ROTHERS, 90 Beekman St., New York City, —_—- THE UNITED STATES. ABEEL B MANUFACTURER AND DEALER. J. S. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, And at their Office, ( Established 176¢by ABEEL & BYVANCK, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, 111 Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. lron Merchants, | Galvanized Sheet Iron, »=» voxx a eT SNOW SHOES. 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. 1st and 2d Qualities. | BU ® D E N’S R. A. WILSON & CO., Galvanized Wire, Telegrepe « que Fence; bp ty oon . PIG IRON, wae only Snow Shoes in the market that abso- ULSTERIRON [gettin Sines Iron and Stee! Ralls, All Sizes, | jusisprven ll baling and five universal aut —————— CORRUGATED SHEET IRON HORSE SHOES BLOOMS AND ORE, “Improved Snow Shoe Shapes. Standard Sizes. pang acne For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted. 88 Fourth ave., cor. Wood st., Pittsburgh. jommon l, Best Refined and Common “16, 11-16X7-16, -16, 13-16X7- , Band, Hoop and Scroll Iron, Best Chareeat, nh paar John |. Williams. Henry M, Long, Nathan M. McDowell, + pit «a 16x36, a é fie = n* SHEET IRON. Norway Nail Rods, Plate and ‘Tank Iron STEEL TOE CALKS. ° pane h Norway shapen, Ete | A |Keystone Rolling Mill, sHoeNBeRGER & co., "2s" Cast, Spring and Tire Steel, ete. |. Fiange Fire Box, Circles. ur en ast enn 2 A.R.Whitney,, ..2otr non, Wiliams, Long & MeDovel, | CO. FAIR, All Geceriptions of Iron Work Galvanized or Manufacturers of I ao aoe STEEL. — eels, Axles, Springs, Manufacturer of and Dealer in on ss let and quotations sent upon application. lron Merchant Bar and Skelp lron, io Scrap, Turnings, &c., “Ww DANCY TAN IRON, BLOOMS AND BAR IRON. ‘ 7 O N, W, BAILEY LANG, Sheets and Plates of all sizes, Duquesne Way, near 6th Street, PITTSBURGH. Office, No. 87 Water Street, | —————_—_ TT 56, 58 & 60 Hudson, Sole Agent in United States & Canada for . Ri p Pi ortsmouth Iron and , ia)1aaie Worth Sts ~ NEW YORK ~~ Boiler lV ets. Mill at Somo, Second Avenue. —_ Successors to Steel Co : 12, 14 & 16 Worth Sts W MOO Oxr specialty 6 L O = CAYLORD ROLLING MILL CO., Planufacturing Iron Used in the Con- Manufacturers of struction of Fire-Proot Buildings, IRON COMP ANY, Burden tron Works. H. Burden & Sons, Siemens-Martin (Open Hearth) Plans and seigamuamiaaas contracts made / NO, §Q@ BEEKMAN ST., NEW YORK. | STEEL BOILER PLATE, for erecting Iron Structures of ever description. Books containing cuts of all Iron made sent on ap- plication by mail. Sample pieces at office. Please address 58 Hudson Street, BORDEN & LOVELL, Commission Merchants 70 & 71 West St., Ma tect =6=6 > ~—s New York. Agents for the sale of Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, Agricultural and Machinery Steel and S&teel Tire. a2 Homo: poncene Iron Boiler Plate and Rivets, Merchant Bar, oe a dl Sheet Iron, Wroughbi Spikes, Fish 2s. an aoa Weetae | ae oe OFLIO. J.C. GEO. 6. ewe Pres’t tand Gent Sup't, Sec’y and Treas. | === - St. Louis Malleable Iron Company, 2116 MARKET STREET, ST. LOUIS, MO. JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., Troy, N. Y. SCOTCH AND AMERICAN | U L Ss T Ee “ | PIC IRON, BURDENS __No. 69 Wall St., New York. HW. B. & S. Bar lron. ULSTER IRON WORKS. ||| sessomese 18 Wall St., New York. American & English Refined Iron. All sizes and shapes in stock. EGLESTON BROS, & CO.., Bands, Hoops & Rods. Tuckerman, Mi n, Mulligan & Co & Co 166 feu St} ) NEW YORK CITY. a loan of | Henry M. a. Joun D. pe - Passaic Rolling Mill Co., |. "™ ’ |: M. HOGLUND'S SONS & CO., Stockhoin ceaniccei ae Cesden Mining Comeany’ PATERSON, N. J. ec a eanens on Swedish & Norway Iron) Malleable and tray Cumbe rland oa Ss. ~~ = DA , ‘ sS ] oer Phitedelphias 2? aan 3 ~ WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO.. lron Bridge Builders GusTAP LUNDBERG, ;¢ Kilby st., Boston Tron Castings, “9 And Manufacturers of Pig lron and Bar lron, Prout Stree PorTs, Philadelphia Agent, 234 & 236 N. GENERAL HARDWARE, &c, IRON MERCHANTS | Beans, Channels, Angles, SABLE IRON & NAIL WORKS Cor. Albany & Wiaingien Sts., TEES, Scrap lron, Scrap Steel, a M. H. a ee Ws. BisPHaM. Merchant lron, &C., &e. R Old M | Manufacturers of New York Office, Room 45, Astor House. Old ails and eta S o + ram Se {Merchant Iron, Universal Mill Iron .F HER, i SS ee. 88 to 08 Miheeie 0. Wow York. B. F. JUDSON, CARMICHAEL & EMMENS, Wes mipDLeETon, | and Nails of Superior Quality and Finish. Importer of and Dealer in 130, 132 & 134 Coter SEROR New Wook. SCOTCH AND AMERICAN Pigs Iron, IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE | Broker in Machinery & Iron Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, Orders for odd sizes Jron filled promptly. aUGSe & CO., OLD METALS ry Benny Aco ery ep dag FORSTER'S CRUSHER & PULVERIZER . he’ Coatesville iron Go. P ottstown iron ae ine, Keane tha ead, (ZER, __Corner 13th and Etna Streets, _ PITTSBURGH, PA. 353 4 ase souum ser} NEW YORK, |i = Dome, Aagin. om, Hirt “| W.8. MIDDLETON, 62 Johast..N.¥./1, ECHBURG IRON WORKS. eae UGH W. AD AMS. —— DANIEL F. COONEY, pesuen a : | tIRKPA (Late of and Successor to Jas. H. Holdane & Ce.) FOREIGN AND AMERICAN Giengarnock and Carnbroe a t Af PRICK a Cco., BOILER PLATES and, SHEET IRON, RAILWAY, PIG AND SCRAP OX SCOTCH PIG IRON. SE Sere ee eee: WELDED BOILER FI Estimates furnished for all kinds of [ron Work. Bo e tt Rend &7 T Wren, iad a Shien | 56 PINE STREET, OF VIO, No, 143 First Ave., Pittaburgh, Pa. WORKS, Leechburg, Pa pebanor D Ro'ling Mi lis, Pine, Ir 2 wot sere NEW VORK. | a spet delivery and for prompt or forward rik 8 be aan Lis, & sey ( Works, Te Be ao ; AUDET, ‘CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON | | shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, A N D R EW KLO NM A N, ° . : | Baltimore or New Orleans, P. W LLAU aacemtiie, ROOFING & SIDING, | | PITTSBURGH, PA., Banker and Note Broker, me For sale in lots to suit by MANUFACTURER OF meee Iron Buildings, Roofs No 3 and 6 Wall Street, " Bhylights, bridges, 2.” | JAMES LEE & CO, | Steel and Iron Structural Material ees i i / YORK. oo | MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO, | S0l¢ Agents for the United states, HARDWARE, METAL, IRON RUBBER, SHOE, PAPER AND PAPER-HANGINGS, LUMBER, COAL 5 Dey Street. New York. _ 72 Pine Street, New York. _ SS PCE ac eT ADVANCES MADE ON BUSINESSS PAPER AND | EYE BAR BLANK 43 IT LEAVES THE ROLLS. AND PAILROAD PAPER WANTED auUT - T TTT or ql TT Nl BATES & DESPARD, NA Ls ae eee ee | Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. EDISH | é ‘eS ND IRON FA is IRON. | iF ULLER BROTHERS «CO., sera ua tig Role Bee Por eae ln ron or Sta tn eg eng, or auhtnekee 208 in Steel or Iron; Angles, Deeg SRAP IRON d OLD RAILS c. f, and I. to| america, ort... Raglish ports, 139 Greenwich Street, New York, and other MANIICACPTIDCDe?’ coueunny Spe -— = om BS. ». \bso- atis- S. £44 ‘gh, Lu. (ON. al October 14, 188°. THE IRON AGH. ah 5 xron. PHILADELPHIA. HENRY LEVIS & CoO., Manufacturers’ Agents For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and Sheet Iron and General Railway Equipments. Old Rails, Axles, and Wheels bought and sold. 234 8. 4th &t., Philadelphia. #ron. en PHILADELPHIA. Siemens’ Regenerative GAS FURNACE. RICHMOND & POTTS, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1148. Fourth ™t.. The Cambria Iron and Steel Works, Having enjoyed for over TWENTY YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality ef RAILS, have now an annual capacity of 100,000 Tons of Iron and Steel Rails, Splice Bars, &c. ADDRBSs, CAMBRIA [RON COMPANY, No. 218 South 4th Street, Philadelphia. Or at the Works, JOB NSTOWN, PA. Or LENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Pine At., N. FP. THE PHCENIX IRON CO., 410. Watnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, | Pig Iron, Railroad and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT IKON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, and built up shapes for Iron Bridges. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variely of SHAPE IRON made to order. Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 05 Liberty Street. BOSTON AGENTS, FRED. A. HOUDLETTE & CO., 19 Batterymarch St. ALAN WOOD & CoO., PLATE cc SHEET IRON, No. 519 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. licited lly for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, tase Soong. Ferrule, Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Iron. PENCOYD IRON WORKS. A. & P. ROBERTS & 00.,_,7 iol Manufacturers of LP CAR AXLES. BAR, ANGLE, TEE AND CHANNEL IRON. Office, No. 265 S. Fourth St., Philade!p tia. Agents for the sale ot Glamorgan Pig Irov. > oc = S = => on > f= a ow Co eo — mel hed «- & = —_— | = oS @ ~~ <= =_— a. oa = = ot os : I GERMAN LEAD, RITUMEN, SIEVES, AMERICAN LEAD. ANTHRACITE, SHOVELS, BRASS “ GRAPHITE, CHARCOAL, BRUSHES, CHANDELIER * PLUMBAG®, MINERAL, CRUCIBLES, STOVE PLATE * OFFICE & STOREROOMS, 514, 516 and 518 Beach &t., Philadephia, Pa. J. W. PAXSON & CO. ; ee ee ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILL COMPANY. Manufacturers of Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. General Office, 303 Walnut St., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa. 4, ——-— JAMES C. BOOTH. THOMAS H; GARRETT. ANDREW A, BLAIR, BOOTH, CARRETT & GLAIR, . ° ‘n R . x . s Analytical and Consulting Chemists, 919 and 921 Chant St. (!Oth St. ‘above Chestnut St.), PHILADELPHIA, PA. BMstablshed in 1836. Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys of ail kinds. A special department for the ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, nd nalysis of Iron Steel, Iron fitte all tus and appliances for the rapid and accurate analysis o: i ( — Slawe q cli cog omy Clays. Fire Sands, &c. 41) analyses made by the members of the firm, Price lista op appli JAS. ROWLAND & (0,|Botler Tubes, ' 4 Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, . 920 North Delaware Ave., - - PHILADELPAIA, Manufacturers of the Anvil Brand Refined Merchant Bar Iron,|)Cotton Presses, Forgings, Also. the James Rowland & Co. Kensington Nails, cut from thei! Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel, Rounds. Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop Iron. Correspondence with Dealers solicited. Erow. Edward J. Etting, IRON BROKER anpd COMMISSION MERCHANT, 230 8. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa, Pig, Bar and Railroad Iron. OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &o. Agent for the MOUNT SAVAGE FIRE BRICK, The Allentown Iron Co. and The Coleraine Furnaces. STORAGE WHARF AND YARD DELAWARE AVENUE ABOVE CALLOWHILL STREET, connected by track with railroad. Cash advences made on Iron. J. Wesley Pullman, 407 Wainut St., Philadelphia, Exclusive SALES AGENT, Chester Iron Co.’s Blue, Red and Hof ORES. Also celebrated ** Brotherton» Ore, D. W. R. READ, T. HORACE BROWN. D. W.R. READ & CO., Dealers and Commission Merchants in ORES, METALS, &c, Native and Foreign Iron, Manganese, and other Ores. 205% Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA, Office in New York, 142 Pearl St. J. O. RICHARDSON, IRON COMMISSION MERCHANT, No. 232 Dock St., Philadelphia. Iron and Iron Ores. Sole Agent for the MONOCACY FURNACE CO. DEALER IN MOSELEM, ROCKHILL, WARWICK, And other Favorite Brands. SILVER GREY IRON A SPECIALTY. J. W. HOFFMAN & C@., Iron Merchants & Railway Equipments. 208 South Fourth St., Philadelphia. Sole agents Glasgow Iron Co. and Pine Iron Works manufacturers of Muck Bar and all grades of Plate Iron. Celebrated “‘Glasgoew’’ and * Pine”’’ brands for fire boxes and difficult flanging. Pig and Bar Lron, Rails and all shapes in Iron. Guotations given on Bridge and Building Specifications. WROUCHT IRON Steam, Gas and Water Pipe. Oil Well Tubing, Casing and LINE PIPE. ROLLING MILL AND General Machinery. READING IRON WORKS. 261 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia. G. A. HEBERTON. S. Frank SHARPLESS. HEBERTON & CO., | Selling Agents and Commission Merchants | For the sale o Pig, Bloom, Plate, Bar,