The Iron Age 1880-10-07: Vol 26 Iss 15

0, 1880, rd, ther IALTY. , KNIVES Mass. ———__—__—_—- _ AND ES, > quote the any other rice list. 51.00 ews, Its. | The Iron Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. Vol. XXV1I: No. 15. The Reese Fusing Disk. New York, Thursday, Pessber 7, 1880. late combustion, relying simply on a steam jet in the smoke pipe. The cylinders are Some time since it was announced that | fastened to a saddle after the Mason plan. Mr. Jacob Reese, of Pittsburgh, Pa., had; The saddle is cast hollow and forms a reser- succeeded in cutting iron and steel by sim.| Voir from which the steam is distributed ply revolving near it, at high speed, a thin disk of steel. give some additional details and present il- lustrations of his ‘‘ fusing disk.” The disk is 42 inches in diameter, scant three-six- teenths of an inch thick, and smooth on its periphery. It is made either of wrought iron or of soft steel, is nicely balanced and runs at a velocity of 25,000 feet per minute at its periphery. Mr. Reese holds that it is the impact of the particles of air hurled with great velocity against objects held near the periphery of the disk that effects the fusion of steel. A groove is instantly melted into a round bar of steel held before the fusing disk, and the steel drops down in a fused metallic state. When the motion of the disk is stopped, it may be noted that the disk does not touch the bar of steel, there being a space in each side and in front of it. This is proven by the fact that while the disk is only three-sixteenths of an inch in thickness, the groove made into the steel is five-six- teenths wide, thus showing an air space of one-sixteenths of an inch on each side and one-eighth, in front of it. When the disk is in proper order, so that it has no lateral move- ment, the ends of the bar melted through are smooth. It is stated by Mr. Reese that the operation of the fusing disk differs from the ‘ cold saw” so widely used for rails, &c., in one important particular. The dust from the cold saw is thrown away from the latter as an oxide, while the fusing disk melts the metal. In practice, the round bar to be cut is placed in the chuck and caused to revolve at a rate of 200 revolutions per minute in the same direction as the disk. When the disk is traveling at a velocity equal to 25,000 feet per minute, the instant the bar is brought near the disk fusion takes place, and, as the bar is turned by the chuck, a gutter is, melted around it, and, as it is fed nearer to the disk, the gutter is deepened until the bar is severed. A 2-inch round bar of cast steel has been fused through in 10 seconds, and a 15§-inch round bar of cast steel in seven seconds, but in practice such bars require from one to one anda half minutes to adjust and fuse each section to length. It is stated that the work is done so accurate that hundreds of thousands of gun barrels and revolver chambers have been fused to length and then bored without further dressing. When the rough ends of shafting are fused off by the disk, the ends are ready for centering. A large machine will cut shafting from 1 to 3 inches in diam- eter, while a smaller size has a range of from % to1% inches. The small machine is a very useful one in railroad and other machine shops, as it can be easily operated. ———— SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL, There seems to be quite a mania among inventors and constructors to build PECULIAR LOCOMOTIVES. Mr. Eugene Fontaine, of Detroit, has been having an engine built at the Grant Lomo- tive Works, in Paterson, the principal fea- ture of which is that the main driving wheel is secured to an elevated axle above the boiler. These driving wheels are in fric- tional contact with another pair which rest upon the rails, and which have two treads, the periphery resting upon the rails and the other supporting the upper wheels, Another engine is that of Shaw, which is being con. structed by the Hinckley Locomotive Com pany, of Boston. The theory on which this engine is constructed is that the obstacle in the way of attaining high speeds is the movement of the reciprocating parts of the engines, and the difficulty, if not impossi- bility, of counterbalancing these perfectly. To overcome this difficulty, two pairs of cy!- inders, pistons, rods, &c., of exactly the same size and weight, are used and con- nected to opposite cranks, so that the one set will exactly counterbalanco the otlier. A third engine of peculiar type is the Ste- vens locomotive, which is being built at Concord, N. H. A correspondent of the Railroad Gazette describes it as follows: “*The furnace is of the usual shape, but is made of cast iron and lined with fire brick. The combustion chamber runs forward from the furnace to the yoke plate. This cham- ber is made of wrought-iron plates, except the front, and the bottom and side walls a also lined with fire brick. The front end of this combustion, chamber is cast iron, and ex- tends up to and supports the front end of the boiler. The boiler is a square box extend- ing from the back end of the furnace to the front ead of the combustion chamber. It is about 6 feet wide and 2 feet deep, and is stayed with stay bolts running through and through each way. There are 530 tubes, varying from 2 to 3 feet long and 3 inches in diameter, screwed into the bottom of the boiler. These tubes are welded up solid at the bottom end and hang from the boiler down -into the furnace and combustion chamber, They are also provided with an internal tube, 1 inch in diameter, to pro- mote circulation. The products of combus- tion are taken through a round hole in the front of the combustion chamber and con- ducted off in a straight smoke pipe. Mr. Stevens expects to get steam enough with- Out the use of the exhaust steam to stimu- the ‘ hat.’ 1 in th's ‘hat’ all around, the ports being through the valves to the cylinders. There We are now in a position to|@re four valves to each cylinder—two for admission and two for exhaust. These valve seats and valves are hard to describe, but the reader must imagine a valve seat shaped like a silk hat and inclosed in a cir- cular chest, the rim of the hat representing a flange which is bolted steam tight to the flat surface or top of the cylinder, and the steam passages lead from the cylinder into Steam ports are cut vertically | feet of gas were obtained from one retort in 24 hours. Similar, and, in the case of a five- Some time since we called attention to THE LIEGEL GAS PRODUCER, which has been hitherto almost exclusively used for firing gas retorts, but which is, of course, as well applicable for generating steam, metallurgical purposes, &c. Some of the results obtained in various gas works in Germany are as follows: At Eberswalde, 22.12 pounds of coke were used to carbonize 100 pounds of coal in a two-retort furnace, 18.1 pounds in a three-retort and 15.67 pounds in a four-retort furnace, while the old grate furnace, running three retorts, re- quired 36.46 pounds of coke per 100 pounds of coal carbonized. Eight thousand cubic Fig. 2.—Plan of the Reese Fusing Disk. THE REESE. FUSING DIsK. up easily in water. vide themselves with ink prepared as above | 824.50 a Year, Including Postage, Stngle Copies, Ten Cents. Herr Reisenbichler has brought forward | electricity, or the raising of wire toa dull red, a proposal to make INDELIBLE INDIA INK. He takes advantage of the fact that glue or gelatine, when mixed with bichromate of | potassa and exposed to the light, becomes | insoluble, and thus renders India ink, which always contains a little gelatine, indelible. Reisenbichler calls this kind of ink ‘‘ Hart- tusche,” or hard ‘‘ India ink.” It is made by adding to the common article, when it is being made, about 1 per cent. of very finely powdered bichromate of potash. This must be mixed with the ink in adry state ; other- wise, it is said, the ink could not be ground Those who cannot pro-| inch wide and the bars between the ports about 1 inch. The valve is another ‘silk hat,’ bored accurately to fit down over the seat and having ports cut through its walls to correspond with the ports in the first ‘hat,’ or seat. These valves are given a re- ciprocating rotary motion by an ingenious cam motion. The valves must move only 3{ inch to open the ports wide. A spindle is attached to the top of the valve and runs through a stuffing box on top of the steam chest. A short arm is keyed to the top end of the spindle, and this arm is operated upon by the cams.” In conclusion, we may state that’a pneumatic engine, constructed in ac- cordance with the Hardie & James system, is now being constructed at the Baldwin Locomotive Works, in Philadelphia, retort furnace, even better results, were ob tained at Graudenz and at Landsberg. In regard to the use of the producer for mak- ing steam, Herr Liegel gives the following data as obtained in a paper mill at Land- quart, Switzerland: A boiler used at that establishment had a heating surface of 435.56 square feet and was provided with two drums with an exposed surface of 242.74 square feet, around which the hot gases passed. With steam at 59 pounds, feed water at 65.3° F. and Rhenish coal as fuel, the boiler, fitted with an ordinary grate, evapor- ated 7.26 pounds of water per pound of fuel. After it had been altered according to the | Liegel system, it was found, after a 360-hour | their sectional area. Aided by the fact that ———- ——— run, that it evaporated 12.11 pounds of water | te character of the deflagration of platinum | *--- per pound of fuel. in the cake, can use a dilute solution of | bichromate of potash in rubbing up the ink ; it answers the same purpose, though the ink should be used thick, so that the yellow | salt will not spread. Speaking before the British Association at Swansea, Mr. William H. Preece gave the results of some experiments made to throw light upon the question of THE PROPER FORM OF LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS. Since the days of Franklin it has been a vexed question whether the protection de- rived from lighting conductors was depend- ent upon their extent of surface or upon is a good measure of the charge that has passed, Mr. Preece tested a number of con- | ductors of various shapes, ribbons, tubes and solid cylinders, all of the same weight. He found no appreciable change in the resist ance, and was thus forced to the conclusion that extent of surface does not affect light ning discharges, and that no more efficient conductor than a cylindrical rod or a wire rope can be devised. In studying the yellow incrustation which is found on certain portions of the Vesuvian | lava ejected in 1631, Prof. Scacchi discov- ered VESBIUM, A NEW ELEMENT. Vesbine, as Prof. Scacchi calls the yellow incrustation, is considered by him as a ves- biate of alumina. Vesbium, according to the properties of its compounds, will proba- bly stand between molybdenum and vana- dium. Stas thinks that vesbium may be found in some of the common ores, where its presence has never been suspected be- cause it has been confounded with some of the known elements. Mr. Wentworth Scott recommends the employment of MINERAL WOOL AS A DISINFECTANT. By impregnating the mineral wool with car- bolic acid, thymol or iodine, for instance, and passing a current of air through the mass, which, for such purpose is conven- iently contained in a box or case, the opposite sides of which are perforated, the air will then be incapable of communicating disease germs, however foul it may previously have been. If eucalyptus oil or other odorous substance be substituted for the preceding, the wool will impart an agreeable fragrance to the air currents passing through it. The mineral wool may be renewed at any time, even if clogged with much dust and organic matter, by simple baking in a hot oven for a short time, and can then, of course, be charged again. Mr. Scott proposes to use these hygienic screens in connection with the doors and windows of hospitals, schools, public buildings and private dwellings. A form of safety respirator, for the use of nurses and others, on the same principle, is also suggested. A The Effect of Low Temperatures upon Iron and Steel. A correspondent of Glaser’s Annalen gives the results of a series of experiments made to ascertain the effect of low temperatures upon iron and steel. The materials from which the samples were chosen had been accepted by the railway, and had been found to be of good quality. The test pieces of the following samples of steel had a diam- eter of 0.98 inch and a length of 7.87 inches. They were kept in a freezing mixture dur- ing half an hour, their temperature when taken out being about —13° F. The follow- ing are the results obtained : Elastic | Tensile limit. strength. + 68° | — 13° + 68° | — 13° 1. Open-hearth steel CTO... ccccer oe 48,800 57,700 95,100 97,400 2. Bessemer steel Cre ae eae KA 60,500 65,700 88,600 92,000 3. Open-hearth steel locomotive tire 60,900, 64,400 107,000 111,400 4. Bessemer steel DD nesccatscca 53,300 54,800 88,900, 92,400 5. Bessemer steel tire... : 57,100 62,900 88,200 90,400 6. Bessemer steel tire . 58,300 58,400 87,700, 89,700 7. Bessemer steel rail 47,g0o 83,900, 87,500 wn From these figures it will be seen that a fall in temperature increases both the elastic limit and the resistance to rupture of steel, and taking the average of the tests pre- sented, it has not increased in brittleness to any serious extent. The following tests were made to ascer- tain what an effect the heating of steel by dipping it into boiling water would have: ED Elastic Tensile limit, strength 68° F ai2 68 212 1, Bessemer steel tire 61,200 55,900 107,000 103,800 2. Bessemer steel tire eae ; 79,900 60,300 111,200 103,200 3. Bessemer steel axle... : 46,900 46,900 83,300 83,100 4. Open-hearth tire 50,100 46,600 87,600, 83,300 5. Open-hearth axle..| 53,000 47,500 78,200) 77, 6. Bessemer stee! Bes acccees 58,000 54,6a 88,000! 85,600 It will be noted that the effect is exactly contrary in kind to that observed during the first set of experiments. It is, however, considering the greater range of temperature, much less in degree. It is explained that this is due to the fact that the eVaporation of the water in drawing it out has a cooling effect, while, on the other hand, the forma- tion of a crust of ice on the specimens taken out of the freezing mixture protects the metal against any cousiderable loss of heat, The following tests, made with specimens from iron rails of various grades, will show well the effect which variations of tempera- ture have upon the mechanical properties of | iron: | Elastic limit—lbs. per Tensile strength—Ibs, square inch, per square inch. Number 68° — 13° | + 212 68° — 13° + a2a° 39,500 42,100 38,300] 58,600, 58,700, 58,40@ 41,100 44,400 53:30, 49,500 ° . 2. ee esece a an wire by the passage of a large quantity of | ie svat 44,800, 46,200, 99,3001 53,700] 49,200] 51,80 % i B ie hl Ci tte — na ie ee ee ee Cu? - . Onn = Far eer. o Ee » eae aed ws i i cm my) 5 w THE IRON AGE. October 7, 1880, tw Actals. The Plume & Atwood Mfg. Company, Atta, ANSONIA BRASS & COPPER CO., No. 19 Cliff Sts set, th Phelps Building, NEW YORK. PHILIP L. MOEN, CHARLES F. WASHBURN, MANUFACTURERS OF aut co alata President & Treasurer. Vice President & Secretary. BRASS AND COPPER Waterbury ‘Brass CO,| SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. CAPITAL, - - $400,00% German Silver and Gilding Metal, Srey meer Capital, $1,500,000 WORCESTER, MASS. WIRE DRAWERS. Patent Galvanizing, Rolling and Tempering, MANUFACTURERS OF TRON, AND IRON AND STEEL WIRE. Of Every Description. Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass; CERMAN SILVER, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, COPPER RIVETS & BURS, BRASS KETTLES, Door Rail, Brass Tags, PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASES, Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &c. And small Brass Wares of every Desosiption. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. Sole Agents for the Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line ot Sport- ing Goods and Wood’s Paper Shot Shells. Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c, Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms. PURE COPPER WIRE For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Pnosphor Bronze Rod: for-Pumps, &c. ANSONIA Yer REFINED INCOT (.OPPER. PHELPS,.DuDGE & CO, Copper Rivets and Burs, Kerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c. 80 Chambers Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Rolling Mill, Factories, THOMASTON, Ct. WATERBURY, Ct. Bridgeport Brass Co,, MANUFACTURERS OF ~ A SPECIALTY MADE OF GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WI RE, GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WIRE, PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TIES, iMPOR.xRS OF TIN PLATE, | acc'trateay, New Yor, _ waTereuny,| Sheet and Roll Brass, 0 ne eae SAECITG, ROOFING PLATE, | 89 Eddy St., Providence, R.1. Con. | Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, hie” NEW YORK OFFICE: ST. LOUIS WAREHOUSE: CHICAGO WAREHOUSE: 21 Cliff St, 802 No. Second St. 107 Lake St. German Silver Metal and Wire, Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, Prior Patent Oilers LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Broughton Patent Oilers, | Clocks & Fly Fan Movements. | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS, ye elf nae Tin & Zine Oil Copper Rivets, as — — Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and | & : Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zine, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. Manhattan Brass Co,, Manufacturers of Olmsted Patent Ollers, Sheet Brass, Brass Wire, CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. Brass Tubing, Brass Butt Hinges, Zinc Tubing, Hurricane Lanterns, manufacturing Metal Goods, Brown’s Patent Pictare Hooks. MANUFACTORY, WAREHOUSE, Bridgeport, Conn. 19 Murray St., N. ¥. SCOVILL MFC CO BRASS, HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. —_—e——— Fire Sets, Fenders, &c. BRASS BLANKS AND TUBES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION TO ORDER. OFFICE AND WORKS, Ist Ave., 27th to 28th Sts., New York. THE NEW HAVEN COPPER CO., Harrison Wire Company, ST. LOUIS, MO. Cuas. Fisn, Secretary. Tuos, W. Fitca, Prest. and Treas. MANUFACTURERS OF All kinds of NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS, Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York. DEPOTS, FACTORIES, 4194421 Broome St.N: ¥. Waterbury, Com. | 965 Pearl Street, New Vork. | IRON & STEEL WIRE Semen Settee | aaharenet nt eet HOWARD « MORSE, DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO.,/Braziers’ & Sheathing Wire Mill ‘Specialties. Brass, Copper and Iron WIRE CLOTH, Bupeteoes NERS AE I Ty a IE COT Locomotive Spark Wire Cloth, Iron Wire Boltin ’ £ Cloth COPPER. Holmes, Booth & Haydens, Ship and Railroad Lanterns, Signal Lights, Conductor’s Midi Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, oo & ive Kettle Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, Rivets, DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool. © NEWY¥orx.| Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, &c. Established 1837. Incorporated 1876. WATERBURY MANUFACTURING 60., WATERBURY, CONN. Brass Machine Screws, Jack and Safety Chain, Bibb Screws and Springs, Whip Mountings, Chisel & Screw Driver Ferrules, Patented Articles, ____ BRASS AND METAL GOODS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. A. C. NORTHROP, Waterbury, Conn., NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORK, BOSTON, 49 Chambers St. 18 Federal St. Manufacturers of all kinds of Brass, Copper & German Silver, BRASS & COPPER WIRE, Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. — BRASS & IRON JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. German Silver Spoons, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Kerosene Burners, &c. JOHN DAVOL & SONS, ADJUSTABLE GLOBE HAND LANTERN, Desk and Office Railing, Riddles, Coal and Sand Screens, Nursery Fenders and Spark Guards, Ornamental Wire Fence. WORKS ROEBLINC’S aT New York Office Warehouse, i 117 Liberty Street. THE JOHN A. ROEBLING'S SONS CO, MANUFACTURERS OF WIRE ROPE) ciivacveen |Lron and Steel Iron, Steel and Copper | Telegraph Wire, WIRE Hoisting Purposes ot an| Market Wire, = TRENTON, Agents for FOR HARDWARE TRADE. klyn Brass and Copper Co. kinds, for Ferries, Stays, - Market Wire, Fence Wire Brooklyn Brass ppe ’ Ship Rigging, Sash Cords, Vineyard Wire Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, P Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Dealers 1n '|Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals. John Street, N. Y. PASSAIC ZINC CO. Manufacturers of Pure Spelter FOR Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK. Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents, 113 Liberty Street, N.Y. Lightning Rods, &c., &c. Suspension Bridge Cables. Rivet Wire, &c., &c. GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &c. CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND. Address, HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co., Pa. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germany. PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables. SIEMENS- -MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and in long lengths. GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3 40nd 7-ply Grand, Sapien, &c. Annealed af Oiled Fencing ire, round and ov WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, TELEGRAPH CABLES. mtractors to the German and Foreign governments. The oldest house in the braneh on n ay Telegraph Address, CALS WERK, COLOGNE. mee General Agents for OU. 8. and Canada, PERKINS & CHOATE, 23 Nassau St, N, Y. J. WOOL GRISWOLD. eeced WIRE RAILING AND Wrought Iron and, Brass Machine Screws; Turned on, Round and Square Head Cap and Set Screws; Brass and Iron Safety and Jack Chain; ie ‘Nic el Plated and Bronze Trimmi ngs of a kinds. from Sheet Iron, Steel or Brass. Estimates on patented articles, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and promptly given. ABRAM 8. HEWITT, President. JAMES HALL, Treasurer. WM. HEWITT, Vice President. E. HANSON, Secretary. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, (INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, NEW JERSEY, MANUFACTURERS OF [RON and STEELWIRE OF ALL CRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED; Iron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths. _ Represented fe! New York by COOPER, BEW vee &C 08. “9 17 Burling Slip. Geo. W. Prentiss & Co., HOLYOKE, MASS., MANUFACTURERS OF IRON Bright, Coppe oom Annealed ‘end Tin 4. GUN SCREW WIRE. Of all sizes etraig iene ané cut to oraer The Schoenberg. Metal Mfg. Co., Manufacturers of and Dealers in Manufacturer of SOLDER, TYPE, Ornamental | Wi Wire Works. % 800 N. Main St. Stereotype, Monwetype and Babbics i Me otal. X Fe] Zz Es we , | we. 26 Herth fa dg — ~ Cana impe ters of Block Tin, Antimony, &c. Re of | Manufacture WIRE RAILING for Ce meteries, » Spe slter, &¢ Highest price pald fi Old Metals ules, ae gleves, waders, Cages, Sand and Coal y ree oven TROY, N. ¥. | Screens. adore, Cages, Sand and Cos! a al inde ot Dross. 5:28 ane p See > East 20th treet, between Avenues A &B, N Rails en Made pro W. E. C. 8. W.IN F. P. AY MOSE CH MET, And Boil Merc JOH ern ery ice reet. eel Wire Wire, Wire, RE encing he Con ore. , Bale d Coal Chats, October 7, 1880. THEH IRON AGE. 0. LINDEMANN & (C0., Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of Spring Brackets for Bird Cages, And manufacturers of the largest variety of Japanned, Brass and Tin-Plated Bird Cages in this Country. Catalogues furnished to the trade. 254 Pearl Street, New York. 934, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, eH TOL LMLLLLLLELLE CARY & MOEN, COLEEL A, Ai ci lA, WISSTST Manufacturers of STEEL WIRE for all purposes and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. Ly, = bet MU LEADL ALLELE LALLA VISSLISISIISISITTISIATAST YS, Market Steei Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. NEW YORK, YALE LOCK MANUFACTURING CO. New Illustrated Catalogue and Price List No Office and Works, STAMFORD, CONN. BROWN & BROTHERS, Stanley Rule & Level Co., 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Waterbury, Conn. | Manufacturers of BRASS, COPPER AND GERMAN SILVER, In Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, | Rivets and Burs, Etc. ALSO, Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND aye HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 1DS. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED henge SILVEK-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich cesigns. _ GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. POPE, COLE & Co. BALTIMORE OPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Also Cakes, of unequalled purity and toughness. ++ 44 Wrought Iron Fence, Our specialty. Also Crestings, Finials and Vanes; Stable Fixtures, Aitching Posts, Door Wrought Iron Grat- | ings, &c. Address CLEVELAND WROUGHT | IRON FENCE WORKS, J, H. VAN DORN, | Proprietor, CLEVELAND, Ohio, U. 8. A. “ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- per and German Silver (In Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), COPPER & BRASS RIVETS AND BURS. Rome, New York. . THE MONTOUR IRON & STEEL COMPARY, Vorks at Danville, RAILS —@ AND PIC IRON. A general assortment of Mine and Narrow-Gauge Rails kept on hand, from which shipments can be made gn W. E. OC. COXE, President, Reading, Pa. 8. W. a ERSOLL, Treas., Philadelphia, Pa. F.P. HOW. Ey General Supt. » Danville, Pa MOSES GOLDSMITH & SON, Key Box 156, CHARLESTON, S- C- Wholesale dealers in METALS, IRON, RACS, And = kinds of Paper Stock. We invite correspondence. Boiler and Tank Plates, Merchant Sheets, Nail Sheets, Nail Strips, ot, JOHN SUMMERS & SONS, Ginde Iron Works, Stalybridge, agiand, ALL WeeUueuT IBGH, 1 FIRE SAND AND a EASTERN and Window Guards, | jl Improved Carpenters’ 63 CHAMBERS 506 COMMERCE STREET, BOSTON. STREET, CHICAGO. 36 PEARL G4 LAKE MANUFACTURERS OF Tools. 7 ready for distribution to the trade. SALESROOMS: sT., NEW YORK. ST., PHILADELPHIA. FACTORIES, New Britain, Conn. 74 REROOMS, 29 Chambers’ St., New York, Manufacturers of Bailey’s Patent Adjustable Planes, General] Agents for the sale cf Leonard Bailey & Co.'s ** Victor Planes.” Manufacturers rs 3 of | 66 Detiane e? Patent Adjustable Planes, This Advertisement is Changed Every Week, New York. D. J, MORRELL, Treasurer. Johnstown, Pa. GAUTIER STEEL CO, LIMITED. D. G. GAUTIER, Chairma>, CHAS. DOUGLASS. Gen’! Supt, Johnstown, Pa. STEEL. of all kinds. ' Bricut wire Carriace sprincS § ANNEALED wirE Raitroap sprincS Coppereo wirE Fincer sarS g “‘TInNeD wire Rake TeetTH OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE : 93 John St., New York City. WORKS: GALVANIZED wirE Wire Fence staPteS PHILADELPHIA OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE : 505 Commerce Street, JOHNSTOWN, PENN. WILELIAN NL VOGE as. Manufacturer of Plain and Stamped TINWARE, SEAMLESS BOXES, ROUND, OVAL AND SQUARE CANS. Special Articles Manufactured 41, 43 & 45 South 9th Street, Near the Ferries, HENRY J. voo EL. of Sheet Metals. BROOKLYN (E. D.), N. ¥. a ene 718 i. } BH. VOGEL. MOULDING SAND, Albany Sand a Specialty. FOUNDRY FACINGS, Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. WHITEHEAD BROS. AMERICAN FACING CO. WM. WHITEHEAD, Treas., 517 W. 15th St., New York, Established 1810, TIN AND ROOFING PLATES N.&G, TAYLOR GO, PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in ODD AND REGULAR SIZES j Black and Galvanized Sheet Iron, Metals, Wire, Copper, Stamped Ware, Registers, &c. jgas producers constructed The Groebe Gas ‘Protec. Herr F. Luermann, of Osnabrueck, the well-known metallurgist, read at a recent meeting of the Iron and Steel I[nsti ute a somewhat sketchy paper on gas producers Afcer referring to a few ancient and one | modern design, Herr Luermann proceede 1 to describe the Groebe producer, an illustra tion of which we append. Its distinctive features will be readily understood. All hitherto have only had one chamber in which the volatile gases contained in the fuel are expelled and the resulting coke is converted into gas The green, damp fuel is charged cold and unprepared, from time to time, upon the materials which are in process of dec vomposi tion, similar to the process which takes place on an ordinary grate, and as the two pro- cesses of expelling and converting require entirely different conditions, the quality and quanity of the resulting gases change con- stantly. To expel the gases contained in the fuel no atmospheric air is re quired, but only heat, while for the conversion (com bustion) of the remaining solid parts (coke) into carbonic oxide, eee airis essen- tial. It requires no heat, but, on the con trary, throws heat off, which is partly em ploy ed for e xpelling the gases from the fuel ; and having thus become latent, it cannot be utilized in the combustion ehamber. With all firing arrangements in which high tem- perature is the cbject, it is of importance not to lose heat by radiation or conduction, or to allow any of the heat to become latent. This is the case in Groebe’s producer. The gases contaiued in the coal are expelled in one chamber, A, and the solid remains (coke) | the gases produced from this mixture the | highest temperatures may be obtained. A | Groebe producer has been in use since the oth of December, 1879, in a reheating fur nace at the iron and steel works of Osna- brueck, where a surface of 6 by 18 feet is heat-d. This producer is worked during the day time only, and it cofsumes on an javerage per month of 26 turns, 270,240 pounds of coal, of which 56.65 per cent. is coking coal, and 43.35 per cent. anthracite dust. This includes the coal consumed for warming during the night. The furnace is used for heating blooms of mild steel for railway sleepers, which only weigh 573 pounds each, while rail blooms weigh 1279 Nevertheless, 567 short tons of blooms are heated during the 26 turns. “or 1000 parts of blooms about 242 of cual were used, while in the Siemens producer, formerly used for the small mill, 305 parts of gas coal were required. This consump- tion of coal per 1000 parts of blooms in Groebe’s, as well as in Siemens’ producer, would, of course, be much less if the blooms were heavier and if the work extended over- night. A steam bciler is being heated with the waste heat of Groebe’s furnace, which, of course, was impossible with the Siemens’ producer. Now, as from 2 to 4 pounds of water are evaporated per pound of coal, and estimating only 25 per cent. of the coal as being utilized in this way for producing steam, the saving in the Greebe furnace, in comparison with the Siemens’ furnace, is further increased to at least 60 per cent. In consequence of these satisfactory results, the board of directors of the Osnabrueck Steel Works decided to change all their Sie- mmeps producers into producers. pounds each Groebe THE GROEBE GAS PRODUCER, are converted into another, B, and both gases so produced are burned in the combus- tion chamber, which is not visible on the sketch. A is heated by the gases after they leave the furnace (by waste heat), and the ex- pelled hydrocarbons leave this chamber, A, | highly heated. In the second part, B, the conversion of the remaining solid parts takes place, the heat that is set free being utilized in the furnace.. The gas producer consists of one, two or more horizontal chambers, made of refract8ry materials placed below, above or by the side of the furnace in which the gases are utilized (such as puddling, reheating, zine, glass and other furnaces). The chamber A is closed at one end by a mechanical feeding arrangement, while its other end is open and com municates with B. The feeding of coal into A can be done by hand or by ma- chinery, and requires very little power. The atmospheric air necessary for burning the gases arrives highly heated by pre- viously passing through channels heated by waste heat, its access being regulated by valves. The waste heat, after passing through D D, round A, to expel the gases from the fuel and heating the resulting coke to a bright red heat, may then be used under boilers, &c. It has been shown by Rankine that carbon during its oxidation does not produce 14,500 units of heat, but 20,200, and that 5700 of these become latent in converting the solid carbon into gas, so that only 14,500 units are perceptible. The same rule applies to the expulsion of gases and the conversion of coal. It is not known how many units are required to convert the solid hydrocarbons, &c., contained in all coal, into gas; but as one-third of the weight of coal must be expelled in the forin of gases, and, as already mentioned, 57co units are required for one part of carbon, the conclusion is warranted that during the process of expelling the gases at least one- third, or 1900 units, remain latent. Now if, in the ordinary arrangement of generators, 14,500 are perceptible, the 1900 units being made latent before the combustion chamber, these 1900 units are made use of in tlie combustion chamber with the Groebe pro- ducer, as they are consumed only after the gases have left the same. The great ad- vantages due to an increase of the supply of heat thus obtained in the combustion chamber are palpable. As only a part of the waste heat is consumed in expelling the gases after leaving the combustion chamber, and, in fact, just as much as is consumed in ordinary producers or grates for this pur pose before the combustion chamber, the rest of the waste heat may be utilised as hitherto for producing steam, &c. Another important advantage which Groebe’s pro- ducer has over others consists in the possi- bility of utilizing cheap small coal. As the coal is first converted into coke, very small coking coal can be used, and even fine an thracite, which does not coke, may in mix- ture with coking coal be consumed with ad- vantage, provided that the coked mixture, when leaving the chamber A, is compact enough not to crumble to dust in the con- version chamber and stop the dratt. It has been proved in practice that a mixture of 50 per cent, of smal!, but strongly coking coal, with 50 per cent. anthracite dust, gives coke | of sufficient hardness to werk well. With | The Groebe producer has also been in use in a zine furnace of the Vieille Montagne, at Moresnet, near Aix-la-Chapelle, since De- | cember, 1879, and a second furnace for the |Ssame purpose has just been completed. At {the River Lea Iron Works, Canning Town, London, a Groebe producer is in use for a | ball furnace, and although some trouble was experienced there at first, owing to the men not being accustomed to gas heating, it now | vives satisfac tory results. Groebe prodicers | are also in use at a furnace for plate glass }at Messrs. Fourcalt, Frisen & Co.’s, in Dam-> premy, near Charleroi, in Belgium, and one at the German glass manufactory in Freden, near Hanover; also one for concentrating copper at the Mansfeldschen Gewerkschaft, in Eisleben. a History of Zero. ** Zero” on the common thermometer, like the fanciful names of the constellations, is a curious instance of the way wise men’s er- rors are made immortal by becoming pop- ular. It may be worth while to say that the word itself (zero) comes to us through the Spanish from the Arabic, and means empty ; hence, nothing. In expressions like ‘* go® Fahr.,” the abbrevation, Fahr., stands for Fahrenheit, a Prussian merchant of Dantzic, on the Baltic Sea. His full name was Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit From a boy he was a close observer of nature, and when only Ig years old, in the remarkably cold winter of 1709, he experi- mented by putting snow and salt together and noticed that it produced a degree of cold equal to the col - st day of the year, and that day was the coldest day that the oldest inhabitant could remember. Gabriel was the more struck with the coincidence of his little scientific discovery, and hastily concluded that he had found the lowest de- gree of temperature known in the world, either natural or artificial. He called the | degree zero, ard constructed a thermometer, or rude weather glass, with a scale graduat- ing up from zero to boiling point, which he pumbered 212, and the freezing point 32— because, as he thought, mercury contracted the 32d of its volume on being cooled down from the temperature of free zing water to zero, and expanded 180th on being heated from the freezing to the boiling point. Time showed that this arrangement, in- stead of being truly scientific, was as arbitrary as the division of the Bible into verses and chapters, and that these two points no more represented the real extremes of temperature than ** from Dan to Beer sheba”’ expr ssed the exact extremes of Palestine. But Fahrenheit’s thermometer had been widely adopted with its inconvenient scale, and none thought of any better until his name became an authority, for Fahrenheit finally abandoned trade and gave himself up to science. The three countries which use Fahrenheit areéEngland, Holland and America. Russia and Germany use Raumer’s themometer, in which the boiling point is counted above the freezing point. France uses the centigrade thermometer, so called because it marks the boiling point 100 degrees from | freezing point. On many accounts the centi- grade system is the best, and the triumph of leenvenience will be attained when sere is 50 degrees ? Kron. YORK. - NEW Successors to GAM’. G. SMITH & CO., IRON & STEEL, 85,87,89 & @1 ELMST., N.Y SHEET AND PLATE IRON, Rod and Horse Shoe Iron, Angle and T Iron, lron of all sizes and shapes made to order. Established 1790, NEW YORK CITY, Ulster Iron. ABEEL BROTHERS, | Established 1765 by ABEEL & BYVANCE, lron Merchants ea 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. A full assortment of all sizés constantly on hand. Refined Iron, Horse-Shoe Iron, Common Iron, Band, Hoop and Scroll Iron, Sheet Iron, Norway Nail Rods, Norway Shapes, Cast, Spring and Tire Steel, etc, Manufacturer of and Dealer in IRON, 56, 58 & 60 Hudson, 12, 14416 Worth Sts., O1r specialty is in struction of Fire-Proot Buildings, Bridges, &c. Plans and estimates furnished, and contracts made for erecting Iron Structures of ever plication by Sample - at office. Please address 58 Hudson Street. 70 & 7i West St., Berdet New York. XN. Covell $ —— Agents for the sale of Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, Bands, Hoops & Rods. AND Borden Mining Company’s Cumberland Coals. hk WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., IRON MERCHANTS : Cor. Albany & Washington Sts., " NEW YORK CITY. M. H. WALLACE. im Wu. BISPHAM. B. FF. JUDSON, Importer of and Dealer in SCOTCH AND AMERICAN Pigs Iron, Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, OLD METALS. 457 & 459 Water St., | 233 | 3&235 South St. “oS - DANIEL F. COONEY, (Late of and Successor to Jas. H. —— & Ce.) | SS Washington St., N. BOILER PLATES and SHEET IRON, | > WELDED BOILER FLUE oder’ a vets, Angle & T Iroh, Cut Nails & Spikes Agency for Pottstown Iron Co., Viaduct Iron Works, Lebanon Ro'ling Mills, Pine Iron Works, Laurel Iron Works, The Bergen Re ling Mills, at Jersey City. Ww L | Banker and Note Broker, No S3and & Wall Street, NEW YORK. HARDWARE, METAL, IRON RUBBER, SHOE, PAPER AND PAPER-HANGINGS, LUMBER, COAL ; AND PAILROAD PAPER WANTED. I ADVANCES MADE ON BUSINESSS PAPER AND 1 THER SECURITIES, BATES & DESPARD,| 117 Pearl St., New York, P. O. Box 764, Importers of | STEEL AND IRON RAILS, SWEDISH BARS, STEEL AND PIG IRON. SCRAP IRON and OLD RAILS ¢c. f. and i to' Awerica, or f. 0. b. English ports OGDEN & WALLACE, COMIMON AND REFINED BAR W100P, BAND AND SCROLL IRON, PIERSON & CO, 24 & 26 Broadway, 77 & 79 New St. All Sizes and Shapes kept in Stock. he ULSTERIRON/: A. R. Whitney, as, stot al NEWYORK Manufacturing Iron Used in the Con- description. Books copes cuts of all Iron made sent on ap- BORDEN & LOVELL, Commission Merchants NEW YORK, P. W. GALLAUDET, ” | Kron, ____NEW YORK. IRON MERGHANTS, BOILER PLATE, Boller Tubes, Angle, Tee & Girder Iron, Boller and Tank Rivets. Sole Agents for the celebrated “Eureka,” Pennock “Wawasset,” Lukens, Brands of Iron. Alsoall descriptions of Plate, Sheet, Wpaeary Scrap and Gasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive iron. . Fire Box Iron a specialty. stoiniipaes ors ar Pg a grade of Horse Shoe Iron. Also from Charcoal Pi super uality of Iron branded J. G. to J. 0. CARPEN Street, New York. TER, our Agent, at 59 Jo 90 Beekman St., New York City, MANUFACTURER AND .DEALER, Ist and 2d Qualities. Hoop and Ba “CORRUGATED SHEET IRON For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted. SHEET IRON. C No, 1,C H No. 1, Best Flange Fire Box, Cire BOILER IRON Stamped and Gnaranteed,. W. BAILEY LANG, Sole Agent In United States & Canada for LOW-MOO IRON COMPANY, JAMES SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON, No. 69 Wall St., New York. 18 Wall St., New York, PATERSON, N. J. lron Bridge Builders And Manufacturers of Beams, Channels, Angles, Tees, Merchant Iron, &c., &c. WATTS Coos, Preside Ww. FAYERW EATHER, Treasurer. CARMICHAEL & EMMENS, 130, 1324134 Coter Sarees, New Yor, - AND STEEL BOILER PLATE Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &c., &c, Lous for Otis’ ay brated Cast Steel Boller Plates, T atesville Irc M ottstown Iron Co., The | Laurel te ‘ling Mills, ood Unk = Tube Works; Wro yught | Iron Beams, Angles, Tees, Riv HUGH WwW. ADAMS, DEALER IN FOREIGN AND AMERICAN RAILWAY, PIG AND SCRAP IRON, Estimates furnished for all kinds of Iron Work. 56 PINE STREET, NEW YORK, CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON ROOFING & SIDING, % bee , a eee| Iron Buildings, Roofs a } Shutters, Doors c e D. L. COBB. Skylights, Bridges, &c. MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO. 5& Dey Street, New York. CU's N AILS Hot Pressed Nuts, FULLER BRO 139 Greenwich Street, New York. A. B. Warner & Son,) 28 & 29 West and 52 Washington Sts. ROME MERCHANT IRON MILLS, Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops. Cc * Scrolls, Ovals, Half Ovals, Half Rounds cones on LU t N a | A All pudd ed balls re y hammer. Orders may be sent to the Millor MARSHALL LEFFERTS,| Galvanized Sheet Iron, Galvanised \ a hn aph and Fence ; Galvanized Galvanized Rod and Bar Iron, — Nails, Galvanised Chain, Galvanized Iron Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common Plate and Tank Iron, Cc ee 1 Flange, Best Flange, | Boiler Rivets. NO. 50 BEEKMAN ST., NEW YORK. WILLIAMSON & CO., ULSTER IRON WORKS. Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co Passaic Rolling Mill Co., New York Office, Boom 45, Astor House. ty tae October 7, 1880, THE IRON AGE. von, NEW YORK John W. Quincy, 98 William Street, New York. Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, Wrought Scrap, Cut Nails, Copper, BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER, ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &e HARRISON & GILLOON IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 8, 558, 560, 562 WATER ST., and 302, 904, 306 CHERRY 8T., NEW YORK, have on hand, and offer for gals. the following: Scetch and y Iron, CanWheels, Axles and Hea Composition, Brass, RUGN, - PITTSBU RGH. PITTSBURGH. |W. D. WoO) & CO, % 00S A. G@. HATRY, — Commission Merchant. Bar, Sheet, Tank, Boiler, Angle, T, and Rallroad Iron, And Railroad Equipment. Nails & Spikes Steel & R. R. Supplies, WINDOW GLASS, GAS PIPE & BORAX, PITTSBURGH, PA. JUNIATA — PATENT | Planished Sheet Iron. Wrought wren ome ws Copper, Load OXFORD IRON CO.. (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) Patented March 14th, 1865 ; April 8th, 1873 ; Sept. 9th, 1873; Uct. 6th, 1874; Jan. 11, 1676. Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, and at a much less price. FOR SALE, by all the principal METAL DEALERS In the Large cities throughout THE UNITED STATES. And at their Office, 111 Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA, | [ROADSTER PATTERN. an AND SPIKES. J. S. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW | YORK. -BURDEN’S | HORSE SHOES. “Burden Best” ; ; \. aT ; CC § fe 0 Ww § 4 0 ES. R. A. WILSON & CO., The only Snow Shoes in the market that abso- PIG IRON, lutel Iron and Steel Rails, All Sizes, euvely P prevent all balling and give universal satigs- BLOOMS AND ORE, | Improved ~Stow Shoe Shapes. 88 Fourth ave., cor. Wood st., Pittsburgh. Standard Size es a mea: 7 | $46X7-16, 11-16K7-16, 4{x7-16, 13- _- 16, %x7-16, %Ax% John 1. Williams, Nathan M, McDowell, 15-16R%, 1X36, 2 1-16R%, 1 1-8x%. STEEL TOE CALKS, SHOENBERGER & 00, r= c. RANE, Dealer in IRON and STEEL. Henry M. Long, Keystone Rolling Mill, Williams, Long & McDowell, Manufacturers of All descripti f Iron Work Galvanized or Tinned 49 ciate oa aie Iro n a gerap, Turn nee Sey Sheets and Plates of all sizes, Duquesne Way, near 6th Street, Office, No. 87 Water Street, anthers Prleeburety Po. =a ron and Steel Co., Mill at Sono, Second Avenue. Successors to CHAS. G. LUNDELL, | GAYLORD ROLLING MILL Co., Manufacturers of Siemens-Martin (Open Hearth) No. 7 Exchange Place BOSTON, STEEL BOILER PLATE, Burden Iron Works, H. Burden & Sons, Troy, N.Y. EGLESTON BROS. & CO., 166 South Street, ? 267 Front Street, j NEW YORK CITY. Agricultural and Machinery Steel and Steel Tire. Also, Homogeneous Iron Boiler Plate and Rivets. Merchant Bar, Hoop and Sheet Iron, Wrought | Spikes, Fish Bars and Bolts. Office and Works : PORTSMOUT II, J. C. LEWIS, GEO. 8. LEWIS, REPRESENTING OFTIo. f3 U he D E N’ S Pres’t and Gen’! Sup’t. Sec’y and Treas. Ekman&Co. | Silk ie a H. B. & S. St. Louis Malleable Iron AND GOTHENBURG ULSTER BAR IRON | renee ' SWEDEN. 2116 MARKET STREET, Ali sizes and shapes in stock. ST. LOUIS, MO. Also Best Grades of — — ———_—__| Henry M. Fiitey, Joun D. Fiuuey, Agency of President. Secretary , ; mmon lron,&c Am, & Eng, Ref'd Iron, Com eC TN. M. HOGLUND’S SONS & CO., Stockholm. Swedish & Norway Iron ock on hand at Boston, Importation orders e MANUFACTURERS OF Malleable and Gray Dan’. W. RICHARDS. Morton B. SMITH. DAN’L W. RICHARDS & CO, Pig Iron and Bar Iron, Scrap Iron, Scrap Steel, Old Rails and Old Metals, Ss to 96 Mangin St., New York. W. S. MIDDLETON, | Broker in Machinery & lron Agent for FORSTER’S CRUSHER & PULVERIZER, The best in market. | W. 8. al 8s. MIDDLE STON, 62 Joha St. oN. Ye Glengarnock and Carnbroe SCOTCH PiG IRON, | For spet delivery and for prompt or forward pee to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, | Baltimore or New Orleans. For sale in lots to suit by JAMES LEE & CoO., | Sole Agents for the United Siates, 72 Pine Street, New York. of every d New York and t'Phnedelphin: specialty GUSTAF LUNDBERG, 38 —_ st., Boston. Iron Castings, ALINE POTTS Paden agent, 2 =| GENERAL HARDWARE, dc, SABLE IRON & NAIL WORKS Established 1828. Manufacturers of Merchant Iron, Universal Mill Iron and Nails of Superior Quality and Finish. Orders for odd Sizes Iron filled promptly. AUG & CO., C orner 13th and E tna Streets, PITTSBU RGH, PA. _ LEECH B U RG IRON WORKS. Heike KPATRICK & CO., Manufacturers of all grades of FINE SHEET rons, (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel, Ferrule Iron, &c.) NATURAL GAS USED AS FUEL. OFFICE, No, 143 Virst Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. WORKS, Leechburg, Pa ANDREW KLOMAN, PITTSBURGH, PA., MANUFACTURER OF Steel and Iron Structural Material | Bolts, Washers, &c. | THERS & CO., EYE BAR FINISHED FROM THE SAME. Kloman Patent Solid Rolted Eye Bars, finished in Iron or Steel without welding ~ -" upsetting 2 U ni re sal Mill Plates of Iron or Steel, Steel Rails of all sizes and patterns. Splice Bars. Chaanel sars for Thielsen Car Truck, SPECIALTY —Unusual shapes and sizes in Steel or Iron; Augie, Tees — le structural shapes in [ron or Steel. a —— —— i i E fitt Or plies, x, t abso- | satis- eS. |» AXM% Ss. urgh, Re cL. ngs, IRON. Co., 30., TE, ‘eel | Rivets, Vrought [O. EWIS, Treas. lron 'T, LEY, cretary ray a TOs Pa rial ysetting.”’ Chaanel glea, Tees October 7, 1880. THH IRON AGB’ XvOn. _ ‘Rron. PHILA DELPHIA. PHILADELPHIA. Siemens? 6 A S FURN A CE For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and a Sheet Iron and General Railway Equipments. _ Hn RICHMOND & POTTS, | Old Rails, Axles, ard Wy heels bought and sold, The Allentown lron Co. and Cease ve wee. coos 1998. Fourth St. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 934 8. 4th St., Philadelphia. The Coleraine Furnaces. Bar, Angle, Skelp and Sheet Iron. | STORAGE WHARF AND YARD RAILROAD CAR AXLES. The Cambria Iron and Steel Works, Having enjoyed for over TWENTY YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality ef 100,00 Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. a THE Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, _ Buildings and Bridges. WROUCHT fron. Fron. Regenerative HENRY LEVIS & C0., Manufacturers’ Agents IRON BROKER snp COMMISSION MERCHANT, JUSTICE COX, JR. & CO., 230 S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. AGENTS FOR Pig, Bar and Railroad Iron. | OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &c. | Agent for the MOUNT SAVAGE FIRE BRICK, and Keystone DELAWARE AVENUE ABOVE CALLOWHILL STREE 5 connected by track with railroad. mony ae a ee oe SPS RD ME Es Be Cc ash ndvamces »made on Iron. No. 333 Watinut St., Philadelphia, 3. Wesley Pullman, PETER WRIGHT & SONS, Exclusive SAL ES AGENT, . Chester Iron Co,’s Blue, Red and Hof oxy eee ners Kerem RAILS, have l capacity of ORES. 52 Broadway, New York, en ea ee Also celebrated ** Brotherton °° Ore, 44 Second Street, Baltimore, 0 Tons of Iron and Steel Rails, Splice Bars, &C. D. W. R. READ. T. HORACE BROWN, Importers of ADDRESS, CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, No. 218 South 4th Street, Philadelphia, D.W.R.READ & CO., German and English ORES, METALS, &c, SPIEGELEISEN, Pig, Scrap, NEW AND OLD RAILS, | And Iron Ore. Or LENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Pine St., N. ¥. PHCENIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Native and Foreign Iron, Manganese, and other Ores, 205% Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA, Office in New York, ne Peart 8t, J. O. RICHARDSON, sa ™ oo -_ IRON COMMISSION MERCHANT, No. 38 South Third St., Phitadelphia, No. 232 Dock S8t., Philadelphia. Pig Iron, Railroad Iron and CLARK, POST & MARTIN, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, s Iron Ores. > PATENT WROUGHT IKON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, Sele Agent for the MONOCACY FURNACE CO oe ee ee Ph eee eee and built up shapes for Iron Bridges. DEALER IN , Bankers and Railway Commission Merchants, REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variety of SHAPE IRON made to order. —o Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. MOSELEM, ROCKHILL, WARWICK, Importers of NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty S