The Iron Age 1880-09-02: Vol 26 Iss 10

lY. VES aSS. —— HT, rhness it iron Dies, Shafts rlority $; AND phia. eae ant _— *‘Huyop 929qn0d . 83.00 . 6,00 . 3.60 72 7.20 Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Vol. XXVI: No. ro. The Iron Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. New York, Thursday, Septembe 2, 1880. ‘ntered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. 84.50 a Year, Including Postage Stngle Copies, Ten Cents. Improved Battery Guns. For some three years past Dr. J. H. McLean, of St. Louis, Mo., has been con- ducting a series of experiments at New | Haven, Ct., with some important inventions relating to the construction and mechanism of guns. A factory has been equipped, skilled labor employed, and everything done to test the new ideas under the most favorable circumstances, and in the most thorough manner. His new engines of war- fare have now so nearly reached completion as to warrant the publication of a brief ac- count in our columns. One or two private exhibitions of the workings have already been given before experts, invited guests and representatives of the press. A public test of their powers and range is to be made at no distant day. The following general description, which appeared in the August number of Scrib- ner’s Magazine, will give our readers a fair idea of the weapons : The plan upon which these new arms are | constructed is essentially the same, whether it is applied to a sporting gun, battery or machine rifle, or field gun for horse artillery. It may also be applied to the largest sized siege gun, though the guns already con- structed range only from a shot gun toa field gun throwing solid shot or shells, In all the magazines are placed on either side of the gun barrel, so that they can be easily removed for loading with cartridges. The cartridges are pushed into the open end of the magazine till it is full, when the coiled spring in the magazine tube is locked auto- matically, preventing the spring from push- ing the shots out until released by pressure of the finger on a stop on the outside of the tube. In the shot gun two tubes are placed on each side of the barrel, and are designed to hold from 32 to 64 shots, according tu the size of the gun. In the military rifle the magazines are laced in a circle round the barrel, and, when Billed, will carry 128 shots, all of which may be fired in succession in less than one minute. The firing apparatus consists essentially of a steel slide containing two chambers and de- signed to move laterally in the stock behind the barrel, one chamber always being in line with the barrel. The movement of the mechanism is very simple. While one car- tridge is pushed by the spring from the tube into one chamber, another is being fired from the barrel. The next movement repeats this on the other side of the gun, and, at the same time, the exploded cartridge is pulled out and allowed to fall to the ground. The mechanism appears to work with precision and with the least exertion on the part of the gunner. The barrel is screwed into the loading and firing apparatus and is quite dis- tinct from it, so that a new barrel can be put on if required. This also admits of the use of old barrels in making the improved arm. To compensate for the increased weight of s0 many magazines and shots, the gun is made quite light, and to compensate for the recoil that is so troublesome in a light gun, a rubber recoil cushion of a novel form is placed in the firing apparatus, to take up the shock when the gun is fired. The single- barrel guns examined consist of a small rifled gun on a light carriage—with the slide for loading and firing, but without maga- zines, the cartridges being slipped into the open chamber of the slide alternately ex- posed on each side as the gun is fired—a long and light rifled gun, and a regular field piece for throwing shells. In the long rifled cannon eight magazines are ranged round the barrel in a circle. These may be filled with solid shot or with case shot or with shells. By turninga hand crank any magazine may be brought to the firing slide, so that shells, case or solid shot may be fired at will. The movement of the slide is controlled by a hand lever, moving from side to side, the charging and firing being all done by one motion, one man be- ing able to fire the gun continuously at a speed of from one to two shots per second. In the field gun four magazines are placed on each side of the gun, the firing mechan- {sm being the same as in all the other guns, and controlled by the movement of a single lever. The barrel is of steel, rifled and de- signed for very long range. It is screwed into the firing apparatus, so that if injured it can be replaced in a few minutes. The magazine tubes are loaded in position, though they can be removed if injured, or if more convenient to load them at some other place. In this gun the powder and shot are inclosed in a steel case that serves as a gas check, and at the same time keeps the gun clean. A recoil cushion is also pso- vided, and, by permitting the case to re- treat, enlarges the space for the formation of gas. frame moved at two points, so that it can be elevated or depressed by turning a hand crank. This form rests on a table, giving | below each barrel is a magazine, each car- | rying 22 shots, making in all 72 magazines, | holding 1582 shots, all of which may be fired | by one man in less than one minute. This arm is also mounted on a pivoted frame, with mechanism for depressing and elevat- ing, and stands on a table having a free | horizontal motion in every direction. The | whole is placed on a four-wheel carriage, | designed for horses or men, and is to be | accompanied by a one-horse cart, contain- jing a large supply of magazines already | filled, besides extra cartridges in boxes. ig. 2 shows what is called a magazine | cannon, which, in this case, consists of a cen- tral rifled barrel surrounded by four maga- zines. It is capable of firing 48 shots per minute, Both styles of guns, it will be seen, admit of adjustment not only to the right and left, but may also be raised or de- pressed, each movement being accomplished by turning a small hand wheel. The firing is controlled by the lever which is seen pro- jecting above both guns. By turning it from left to right, a cartridge is pushed from a magazine into the chamber of the moving slide, while another is being fired from the second chamber. The next move- ment repeats this, and at the same time discharges the empty shell of the cartridge just fired. The slide in the gun, shown in Fig. 1, has as many chambers in each end Z i i n) | HN ak meee le UH & as there are barrels (36), and moves back and | stated his well-known conception of minute forth vertically. The gun is mounted on a steel | from side to side, and there being but one | direction around the steel molecules, in planes | w barrel in the gun, it has but two chambers. That in Fig. 2 moves —_— a - | The Colliery Guardian publishes the fol- | de Laer Prof. Henry’s Scientific Researches. Before the Association for the Advance- ment of Science, Prof. Alfred M. Mayer, of the Stevens Institute, read a eulogy of the late Prof. Joseph Henry, which sums up admirably the history of that eminent scien- tist’s numerous and varied investigations. Prof. Henry began his electrical researches at the age of 28, in the year 1827, while he was Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in the Albany Academy. Dur- ing 14 years, while between the ages of 28 and 43, he was a constant and fertile worker. About 1820 men of science spoke of electri- aL Fig. 1.—The McLean Battery Gun. {cal knowledge as almost complete. The | mathematical consequences of the laws dis- covered by Coulomb and others, having been, they thought, fully developed, elec- | tricity was hardly to be regarded as an ex- | perimental science, but henceforth might be |grouped with mechanics. Nevertheless, in |the year 1819, Oersted announced that he | had discovered a correlation of actions be- tween electricity and magnetism, in his cele- « brated experiment of the deflection of a |magnet athwart the conjunctive wire of a | battery, when the latter was laid parallel to the direction of the magnet. This discovery | was soon followed by the results of Ampére ¢ | in the same field, who was soon led to form | a hypothesis of the action of a magnet, and mn TV mn a oS i yD Us My (hy P| ul \ fl El 7 Rm MA, (es Ca Mm | ih a perez Fig. 2.—The McLean Magazine Cannon. currents of electricity whirling all in the same first paper, of October, 1527, is interesting, because it was his first. on the usual] apparatus which had been used | by Ampére and others to show electro- dynamic actions, by employing several turns | pears as a discoverer of no mean order, It is related that one evening he was sitting in his study in Albany with a friend when, ———-—_—_—>} TTT i; oceania a eT a B ss ra We ve a) Mi SS lll i ! . tedious research he was led to the supposi tion that the discharge was not continuous, but consisted of a series of rebounds or re flections to and from the coatings of the jar. In 1842, Henry, apparently ignorant of the work of Savary, went over the same ground, and arrived, independently, at the same re sults, which have since been confirmed by photographing its images produced by are volving mirror. William Sturgeon, of Wool- wich, found that by bending the bars used by Arago into U-shaped pieces, the strength of the magnet was greatly increased, and these experiments evidently led Henry to his first and his most important scientific re- search, As with many other men of original- ity, Henry’s first essays were in the direc tion of improving the means of illustrating well-established facts and principles. His In it he improves of insulated wire instead of one. We now reach a period when Henry ap- | discovered the ifter a few moments of reverie, he arose and exclaimed, ‘* To-morrow I shall make a capital experiment.” For several months | >—- | it == 12 1.4) a as then deeply interested in the phe remarkable. ( la lead wire to the hight of | days. studied acoustics with great mentioned, thermopile to the determination of t) sun-spot in an image the portion of the sun surrounding thaz spot an accident happens the glass gives way | net of equal size and weight The most |} powerful of Henry’s magnets was con structed while he was at Princeton, and is | thus described by Prof. R H MeCulloch ** It is formed of a bar of rounded iron nearly |4 inches in diameter, weighing about 100 | pounds and surrounded with 30 strands of | copper be ll wire, each about 40 feet long. With |}acalorimotor on Dr. Hare’s plan, consisting of 22 plates of zinc, each g inches by 12, alter | nating with plates of copper of the same | size, it supports 3500 pounds, or more than a ton anda half.’ Mr. Frank L. Pope ex |}amined this magnet at the college, and he says, in his eulogy of Henry ‘There, too was the reversing commutator, a device first invented by Prof. Henry, with which he was accustomed to delight and astonish his pupils by suddenly reversing the polarity of his large magnet, causing it to drop its armature and to seize it again before it passed beyond the sphere of attraction, a principle which we see exemplified in every stroke of the neutral relay of the quadru plex telegraph of to-day.” Barlow, after some experiments with currents passing through long wires, wrote as follows: ‘In avery early stage of electro-magnetic ex periments, it had been suggested (by La ' Place, Ampére and others) that an instanta }neous telegraph might be established by means of conducting wires and compasses, | but I found such a sensible diminution with only 200 feet of wire as at once to convince |me of the impracticability of the scheme.” | Five years later Henry showed the error of | that opinion by demonstrating the relations | which must necessarily exist between the kind of battery used and the kind of magnet in order to produce electro-magnetic action at a distance. This accomplishment justly entitles him to be regarded as a man of genius and a discoverer of no mean order. The discovery will always remain the on important fact that was to be known, to “be understood and to be applied before it was possible to have constructed any form of electro-magnetic telegraph. Henry not only made the discovery, but he also constructed jan electro-magnetic telegraph, which was the first one that had worked through so | great a length of wire, the first in which an |electro-magnet had worked and the first ‘‘ sounding” telegraph. It is not that Henry and successfully, electro-magnet generally known Faraday independently means of producing an current and the electric spark from a magnet. Although Henry was preceded in the discovery of the mag neto-electric current by Faraday, it is undoubtedly true that he was its sec- ond independent discoverer. In 1838 Henry discovered an entirely new class of phenomena in electrical induction, which opened a wide field for investigation, of which he was not slow to take advantaye The results which he {obtained now form part of the doctrine of modern physics, and his studies of the nature and laws of induced electric currents of different orders are the most tnished of Henry’s works. Henry had a versatile mind, and did not confine his attention to the study of elec tricity. His genius has adorned all depart ments of physics. His researches in molec ular physics, though not extensive, are In 1839 he made the curious liscovery that lead was permeable to me: ‘ury—so much so that mercury would ascend a yard in a few Later he investigated the nature of he fomres acting in liquid films. He also interest, and \ conducted experiments in connection with " our system of fog signals, and finally con \\\ cluded that the syren fog-horn was the most A powerful and effective signal instrument i i known, and that its sound can be heard to rf | the greatest distance when tuned to emit a . note in the treble part scale One of his - investigations holds such an important place - ) in the history of science that it should bi This is the application of tl he tribution of heat in the optical image of di tant objects, and he was thus able to detect difference between the temperature f a of the sun and that ot rg Experiments with Explosive Gas Mix ==> tures. Mr. H. McLeod, writing to Nature on the explosion of the gas main near the Totten ham-court road, Says it appears to be an ex ample on a large scale of the phenomenon which occurs on the bursting of a eudiom: he had been brooding over Ampére’s elec-|ter. It is known, he says, although he does tro-dynamic theory of magnetism, and he | not speak from expe rience, that whe) suc] at right angles tothe axisofthebar. Guided | by Ampére’s discovery that a helix conduct- | ing a voltaic current had properties similar it free play in a horizontal plane, so that the | lowing as the production of coal in the lead- | to those of a magnet, Arago inferred that gunner, by turning a crank, can swing the | ing countries in 1879, the total being within | these properties could be given to iron and gun entirely round the horizon in a few sec- onds. carriage, so as to be above the horses, and | 7 . : Tons. ~ Tons. | enabling the gunner to fire directly over | y, Kingdom . 133,720,393 Belgium. .... 15,447,292 | their heads, even when on the full gallop, | United States. 60,850,000 | Austria..... 5,378,604 | The same general system of construction is | @¢™™many 43,035,700) en | | France....... 17,104,845 | Total...... 274,532,860 | designed to be applied to guns of the largest | — size, but so far only field artillery has been | The aggregate production of the other un- constructed. carried out. ‘ e gun shown in Fig. t, 36 | 1 heavy rifles are enumerated countries, for which statistics are In machine ae same system has been | not yet available, probably amounts to 0,000,000 tons—that is about the average in line, and above and | of recent years, 10,000,000 tons of the whole production of | steel by placing wires or bars of these met- The whole is placed on a four-wheel | the world : als in the interior of Ampére’s helices. Ex-' periments verified his inferences. Six years before Henry began his work, Faraday, then 30 years of age, and an assistant of Davy, published his first paper on electrical re- | search. The history of another research bears directly upon one of Henry’s investigations ; | in 1827 Savary began experiments on the | magnetizing action of the discharge of the Leyden jar on steel needles, After long and | Arago and Sturgeon. nomena of the development of magnetism in soft iron, as shown in the experiments of At the moment he had arisen from his chair it occurred to him that the requirements of the theory of Am- pore were not fulfilled in the electro-magnets of Arago and of Sturgeon, but that he could | jy: get those conditions which the theory re | see the surface of tl at this point the in consequt nce by the explosion « accident takes place brilliant at the 1e mercury in th: explosion is m f the gas being f that above it t orl st \ rte . ‘ When no the flash of light 1s 1 urtace of the mercul ithe upper part of the tube. In if this fact would throw any | quired by covering the enveloping wire witha explosion of the gas main, he tried non-conductor like silk and then wrapping | experiments a short time ag ee it closely around the soft iron bar in several | which may possess some int na » | layers. Henry’s first discovery soon sprang from the experiments to which his reason- ing had led him, for when he constructed his magnet on the principle which occurred to him, he found that it would sustain several |g of combustion tube 6,33 feet inch in diameter was close at 3.94 inches from the op a pair of platinum wires was s+ lass. The tube was filled over Wacelr W re times more weight than did Sturgeon’s mag- \a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen siiadies % ‘ a - a ee ee ~ en, dln al ~ eR ally ne ee = Ae. 3) THR IRON AGE. Septemberj2, 1880, Actals. Cative, etc. OHAS. F. WASHBURN, Vice Presiden a WASHBURN & MOEN MANUFACTURING ¢ 0. Mfg. Company, | Faanienca a enOnnSOnE ae MANUFACTURERS OF ANSONIA | BRASS & COPPER CO., No. 19 Cliff Street, Phelps Building, NEW YORK. BRASS AND COPPER Waterbury Brass Co, PITAL, - - $400,000. Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c, Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brassy Seamless Brass & Copper CERMAN SILVER, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, Tubing. BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms. COPPER RIVETS & BURS, PURE COPPER WIRE BRASS KETTLES, For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Door Rail, Brass Tags, SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, German Silver and Gilding Metal, Copper Rivets and Burs, Kerosene Burners, (@ Lamp Trimmings, &c.| Ag 80 Chambers Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. Pnosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. | PERCUSSION CAPS, ANSONIA * REFINED | POWDER FLASKS, 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &c. Rolling Mill, Factories, MANWUPACTUBERS OF ___INCOT COPPER. ans small Brass Wares of every Description. THOMASTON, ct t. | WATERBURY, ITRON a a Ss I Patent Steel Barb Fenoing, Patent Steel Wire Bale Ties. WIRE RODS of all Grades; Round Iron ats ualit oe 2 4 In., cut to an Owners ° Brid; e ort Brass Co, sive Operators of the PATENT C NTIN NvOU OLLI .IL, product 2 Ar nd Steel T Wik Sn in Zane ofl pounds, without Sea oF Wx r ms Patent Galvan pea wi fae hn Hage, Bolt, Berew River t Win B . dG ong len ; Coppered Pa re Berew, Riv MANUFACTURERS OF and Chain Wire. Wire for the manufacture of Card Clothing, Heddles, ‘Reeds ee. Piano. no string Covert = t. Buckie — ————|_ Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. Sole Agents for the & ve ll Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- ing Goods and Wood’s Paper en ee Shot Shells. —r Tinned Broom Wire and Tinned-piated Wire of all sizes. A specialty is Inade of Cloc Gun wae Y an TIN PLATE, ao reasury,| SHeet and Roll Brass, Sop tant Wit anateal titties Reta Seah pees bance eh Peg te Far ee 296 Broadway, New York, WATERBURY, ; . Straightened and Cut to any length. Steel C peline Wire, Fatent Linen Onish, Unrivaled Steel Muste ROOFING PLATE, | 189 EddySt,, Providence, R.1. Conn. | Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, | Wire. see! wire for springs, Needies and Brits.” Market Stee} Wire Kent Im stock. all izes "10° aa, eae ‘ ° WAREHOUSE, 21 Cliff Street, New York, Chicago Warehouse, 1 07 Lake 8 Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, German Silver Metal and Wire, Zine, &c. M h 3 C j ate afl a{fan brass Q15/ Copper and Iron =. cumngs, | VATIONAL WIRE & LANTERN WORKS, Warchouse, 45Fulton 8t.,N. Y. C 0 Pp 7, FE i A N D 8 R AS S ey —— + ser een rome Seem a cae KEROSENE BURNERS ? HOw ARD & MORSE, Manufacturers of . > Paten ’ ’ . Copper Wire, Grenshese Patent Oilers, | Clocks & Fly Fan Movements. | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS. Brass, Copper and lron WI R E Cc LOTH. CLIFT STREET, NEW YORK. eg Ma a | am meg | <rggaaing Particular a to cutting out Blanks and u a SCOVILL N MEC CO] treme raccnt Picture Heol | Sisrcrome, | Wanenoom, aa . Bridgeport, Comn. 19 re St., N. ¥. g ¢ Fire Sets, Fenders, &c. as a Zz ose B R, ASS, BRASS BLANKS AND TUBES Harrison Wire Company, Bartees * HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. OF EVERY DESCRIPTION TO ORDER. : £ peti samelialiiniia cine te caoa ST. LOUIS, "0. eS 3°5% | SPHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. | ist ave., 27th to 28th Sts., New York. | pyuos, w. Fron, cuss. Fisu, naire Caen ee Prest. and Treas. Secretary. 4 nl * > ze 5 7 °° me @o BUTTONS, |THE NEW HAVEN) © “=~ ys . All kinds of Ess ct HC DEPOTS, FACTORIES, COPPER CO., Ba 38 i " 177 Downdibe St, Borin oo 255 Pearl Street, New York. IRON & STEEL WIRE 3533 4 183 Lake St. Chicago. New York City. Manufacturers of and Dealers in AND Baa aE yo 2 $2355 DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO.,! Braziers’ & Sheathing Wire Mill Specialties. ae _! Importers of a a. (d es 3 ¢ P Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, COPPER. Holmes, Booth & Hay Booth & Haydens, : r s Wire, Zinc, Etc. , WATERBURY, CONN. Star Fire Department Lantern, Extra Heavy. 9 3% ot & 05 anaes cam atin Kettle Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, Rivets,) oy ong ai ae aa _ DICKEno.ns & CO, Uverpoo. § NEW wonK.| Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, &c. | 49 onambers st. 18 Federal St. - Renner ane Manufacturers of all kinds of Listablished 1837. Incorporated 1876. WATERBURY MFG. CO., BRASS & COPPER WIRE, WATERBURY, CONN. Tubing, Copper Rivets & Buss. BRASS & IRON g| JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. German Silver Spoons, A. C. NORTHROP, _|siverpuaten Forks & spoons, Waterbury, Conn., Kerosene Burners, &c. NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS|JoHN DavoL & Sons, Brooklyn ae and Copper Cos, Ingot Copper, ”Spelter, Lead, Tin, ne Solder & Old Metals. John Street, H. ¥ N. ’ WORKS ROESLINOG'S S_ Mew York Oliee 6 Brass, Copper & German Silver, oe 3 im : ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. Warehouse 3117 Liberty Street I THE JOHN A, ROEBLING'S SONS CO, | = MANUFACTURERS OF WIRE ROPE Iron and Steel GALVANIZED lron, Steel and Copper Telegraph Wire, WIRE Holsting Purposes of all Market Wire, Kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Market Wire, Fence Wire Ship Rigging, Sash Cords. j j Bridge Wire, Chain Wire Lightning Rods, &c., &e. F Vineyard Wire. Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Suspension Bridge Cables. Rivet Wire, &c., &c. GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE sf FOR HARDWARE TRADE. Wrought Iron and Brass Machine Screws; Turned, Hexagon, Round and Square Head Cap and Set Screws; Brass and Iron ¢ ry ana Jack Obain; Gilt, N Plated and Bronze Trimmings of all kinds. from Sheet Iron, Steel or Brass. Estimates on patented articles, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and promptly giver en. — ABRAM §. HEWITT, President. JAMES HALL, Treasurer. WM. HEWITT, Vice President. E. HANSON, Secretary. No. 25 For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &€. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, PASSAIC ZING CO. CO. “eae ote N, NEW Address, HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesharre, Luzerne Co., Pa. fo ata TRENTON, NEW JERSEY, MANUFACTURERS OF TRON and STEEL WIRE OF ALL CRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED; Iron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun- Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths. _ Bepresented ia New York by COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 17 Burling Slip. Pure Spelter Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK. Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents 113 L liberty Street, N. ¥. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, | = Carliswerk, near Cologne, Germany. PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables. SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, Flusseisen, Swedish and German Charcoal Wire. GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and in long lengths. GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, Vor Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, ¢and 2 -ply § Steamed. Stngtes, &c. Annealed aoe Oiled Fencing Vire, round and ov WIRE ROPE: OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. TELEGRAPH CABLES. Contractors to the German and Foreign governments, The oldest house in the braneh on the Con- tinent. Nelegraph Address, CAKLSWERK, COLOGNE, c General Agents for U. 8S. and Canada, BE PERKINS & CHOATE, 23 Nassau Sty N.Y. MET, Bright, ‘Ponperedy Ammadien aaa rin ight, N SCREW WIRE sciiaieiamigiedineniteaiiiaiie at a aan WIRE ROPE. ee J. WOOL GRISWOLD, | fore WIRE RAILING ; _DER, TY eee Ornamenta] Wire. Works. CAU) SOLDER, TYPE, co — @tere otype, Electrotype and yo Metals, | VA 4 =t EB; No. 36 North oe a lebndaiis Cotto tee St. Louis, Mo, mporters of Blox +k Tin, Antimony Refiners of | 7 | Manufacture WIRE RAILING for Cemeteries, Baleo, [ Be 3 Spalte &e. pighess rice pi AV for Old Met nies, &«° Sieves, Fenders, Oages, Le No Ret end ali Kinds ot Dross. 5358 ana ; 530 F East soe TROY, .Y¥ | Bersens: Woven -Wire, Tren a Street, between Avenues A & B, New ® * ' Settees, &c., ' ie ; - m Geo. W. Prentiss & Co., HOLYOKE, MASS., MANUFACTURERS OF BRODERICK & BASCOM, MANUFACTURERS OF IRON WIRE ROPE. § 800 N. Main St. “4 = Za ae = Rie eee Desk and ope Rai Fenders and re Fence. Conductor# Lanterns, , Nure Ornamental Wh Lights, stable Globe Hand Lantern. dies, Coa] and Sand Screens. Guards. Adja )ffice 36 Street | teel » Wire . Wire, c Wire, j, &C. Feneoing the Con- September 2, 1880. 0. LINDEMANN & (0., Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of Spring Brackets for Bird Cages, And manufacturers of the largest variety of Japanned, Brass and Tin-Plated Bird Cages in this Country. Catalogues furnished to the trade. 254 Pearl Street, New York. THIES'RON AGE. 3 STEEL WIRE for ali purposes and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. 1 \ $ | } ELLE fi OLE EL ~‘ ~ O 8s € OOO ZL) ~ Ss < oJ > > eS > eS > Ss > hs > i re Ss 4 4 = WIVISISIIS ELELLELLELELELE ERECTED Market Steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. 234, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, - - - - ° YALE LOCK MANUFACTURING CoO. New Illustrated Catalogue and Price List No. 7 ready for distribution to the trade. Office and Works, STAMFORD, CONN. BROWN & BROTHERS, {Stanley Rule & Level Co., 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Waterbury, Conn. | Manufacturers of BRASS, COPPER AND GERMAN SILVER, In Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, Rivets and Burs, Etc. ALSO, Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 lbs. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. v ED SHANK, PATENTED SPRING TEMPER SILVEK-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich designs. GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. POPE, COLE & Co. BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Also Oakes, of unequalled purity and toughness. pan Wrought Iron Fence, Our specialty. Also Crestings, Finials and Vanes; Stable Fixtures, Hitching Posts, Door and Window Guards, | Wrought Iron Grat ings, &c. Address CLEVELAND WROUGHT | IRON FENCE WORKS, J, H. VAN DORN, Proprietor, CLEVELAND, — Ohio, U. 8. A. S, H. PAYNE, Freight Broker, Shipping, Insurance, Custom House & Forwarding Agent, No. 29 PECK SLIP NEW YORK, U.S.A. ALL WROUGHT (R04, Goods received for re-shipment to all parts of the world. Insurances effected, Bills of Lading furnished, and all matters relative to Exportation of merchandise carefully and promptly attended | to at asaving in Freight and Terminal charges Entries of ‘Goods made and all Custom Huse work effectually done. Claims for overcharges of | freight collected free of charge. Rates of rreight | ranteed (when desired) from starting point to gtination, covering all charges. Correspondence solicited. THE MONTOUR IRON & STEEL COMPANY, Works at Danville, Pa. RAILS: AND PIC IRON.) A general assortment of Mine and Narrow-Gauge Rails kept on hand, from which shipments can be made promptly. W. E. C. COXE, President, Reading, Pa. ™ 8S. W. INGERSOLL, Treas., Philadelphia, Pa. F. P. HOWE, General Supt., Danville, Pa. MOSES GOLDSMITH & SON, | CHARLESTON, S&S. C. Wholesale dealers in METALS, IRON, RACS, And all kinds of Paper Stock. We invite correspondence. John Carver, MANUFACTURER OF CAULKING IRONS, Cotton, Freight and Hay Hooks, | No. 44 North Third Street, | Kear Foret BROOKLYN, E. PD. ‘FIRE SAND AND CLAYS. i SALESROOMS : 63 CHAMBERS 8ST., NEW YORK. 506 COMMERCE 8ST., PHILADELPHIA. 36 PEARL STREET, BOSTON. 64 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO. FACTORIES, MANUFACTURERS OF Improved Cc 5 arpenters 29 Chambers St, Tools. mies New York, Manufacturers of Bailey’s Patent Adjustable Planes. General Agents for the sale of Leonard Bailey & Co.'s ** Victor Planes,” anufacturers of ** Defiance’? Patent Adjustable Planes, New Britain, Conn, WAREROOMB, This Advertisement is Changed Every Week, D. G. GAUTIER, Chairman. D, J, MORRELL, Treasurer, CHAS. DOUGLASS, Gen’! Supt. GAUTIER STEEL CO, LIMITED. SsDEREL.. WIRE AND SPRINGS. ey a ae an 4 i Sample of our Toe Calk Steel, showing one end bent over and flattened down cold : @ | piece of iron solidly welded to the steel with the use of sand only, and the other end | hammered to an edge, and then hardened sufficiently to cut glass. Similar samples can be made by any blacksmith from our Toe Calk Steel, or seen at WwoORKS, JOHNSTOWN, PENN. Eastern Warehouse, 93 John St., N. Y.; Phila, Warehouse, 505 Commerce St. WILLIAM VOGEL, Manufacturer of Plain and Stamped TINWARE, SEAMLESS BOXES, ROUND, OVAL AND SQUARE CANS. Special Articles Manufactured of Sheet Metals. 41, 43 & 45 South 9th Street, Near the Ferries, BROOKLYN (E. D.), N. ¥. HENRY J. VOGEL LOUIS EB. VOGEL. MOULDING SAND, Albany Sand a Specialty. FOUNDRY FACINGS, Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. WHITEHEAD BROS, AMERICAN FACING CO. Se tee — WM. WHITEHEAD, Treas., 517 W. 15th St. New York, eg Established 1810. N.& 6, TAYLOR CO,, PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in ODD AND REGULAR SIZES TIN AND ROOFING PLATES Blaek and Galvanized Sheet Iron, Metals, Wire, Copper, Stamped Ware, Hegisters, &e. j NEW YORK, — a — TE ane | by the electrolysis of dilute sulphuric acid, | small apertures work that requires muoh jand the mouth of the tube closed with a | more powerful instruments under ordinary plug of wet cotton wool. The tube was! conditions placed on a lawn and secured to a heavy} According to a Titusville paper, Col. E. A weight by a piece of string tied near the} L. Roberts has perfected a plan for open end; a spark from an induction coil | was then passed between the wires. The | explosion of the gas blew out the plug of cotton wool and bent the platinum wires : against the sides of the tube, but the glass | #04 have called attention to some of the was not broken. The tube was again filled | Circumstances affecting their origin. Col. with the mixed gases and closed with a cork, | Roberts proposes the use of a tank of & pecial which was not forced tightly into the mouth | COPStruction, in which no space is afforded of the tube. This time the tube burst in the | for the accumulation of gases or air, and the middle, leaving 30.7 inches of the closed end oil is sealed by water. In the upper part of and 23.2 inches of the open end without dam the tank is a diaphragm which isolates that age. The cork was projected some distance, part from the body of the tank. 1i8 Space but the wires were not bent by the rush of | }8 filled with water and it is in communica- gas; the closed end of the tube was only | “@°?" with the main body of the tank by slightly moved from its original position by means of a pipe which descends to within a the explosion. Another piece of elmniler tube, very small distance from the bottom of the but only about 34.6 inches in length, was latter. At first the whole tank is filled with next filled with gas and exploded in the same | ¥@"*?> and this is gradually displaced by manner. Whe closed end was burst, and | PUMPIng in the oil through the supply pipe, 18.7 inches of the open end remained. In| °™tering the main tank a little below the this case the cork was also projected, but the diaphragm. The bottom of the tank is, wires were not bent. The experiment being however, kept covered . with water, into made at night, it was noticed that the flash | “Bich the pipe connecting with the upper was much more brilliant at the closed than | ¥@te! reservoir dips. The oil is, theretore, at the open end of the tube. confined within the space between the diaphragm and the lower body of water, ee ee which rises as soon as any oil is withdrawn SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL. A Frenchman, M. Clemandot, hes been sctemcianie trying recently in Paris to use THE PREVENTION OF OIL TANK FIRES We have had occasion repeatedly to refer |to these catastrophes caused by li rhtning, la ry In an address before Section A of the|GLASS WOOL FOR DIFFUSING THE BLECTRI@ American Association for the Advancement of Science, at Boston, Prof. Asaph Hall spoke admirably and strongly on THE WORK BEFORE ASTRONOMERS. For the full development of the secular changes of our solar system, and for an ac curate knowledge of the proper motions of the stars, and of the great changes of light and heat among them, we must wait for future ages. ‘The observations of to-day should, therefore, be made so accurately LIGHT, his object being to decrease the waste usual! ly attending the employment of ground glass. He builds up his globe, which is coni cal in shape, with a number of tubes placed side by side and well closed at top and bottom to exclude the dust. These tubes are filled with glass wool, spun by a peculiar process, so as to yield fibers very much finer than the finest cocoon silk. It is staved that ? he succeeded in reducing the absorption of that the astronomers in the future may use] light from 30 per cent. with ordinary globes our results to detect and measure the changes | to I5 per cent. by the use of his improved which take place during centuries. Although apparatus. the objects for observation are numerous, there is danger that astronomers may waste their opportunities by doing work that has|9n the Corrosion of Iron and Steel no intrinsic value. It is useless to ex- amine the orbits of the planets, for they are already well determined, with the exception of that of Neptune, for which we must wait for time to reveal any small pecu omnes liarities that it may have. For all the (Concluded) planets, observations at one or two observa- From what has already been said we see tories are amply sufficient for the needs of | that the character of the iron itself has a science, and even these should be confined | decided effect on its corrosive coefficient. to a short time near the apposition, or at | Therefore the points to be considered in the quadrature. Even now the observation of | selection of cast iron are: 1. The amount of planets is in advanceof theory. In the case | uncombined carbon or suspended graphite ; of Saturn, for example, all the tables are in| 2. The amount of constituent carbon; 3. error, but this is because there is some de-| The degree of homogeneity, especially of the fect in the theory. Observations of the| surface, as the smoother that is the slower moon, also, might be profitably confined to| the corrosive action; 4. The degree of den two observatories. All the lunar epheme-|sity; 5. The crystalline arrangement and rides are affected with empirical terms, and | freedom from foreign matter. the lunar theory is still an unsolved mys- In selecting wrought iron the chief point tery. On the other hand, observations of | for consideration is its texture, as the great- the fixed stars are of the utmost importance, | er the uniformity in that the less becomes for they are the fundamental points on}the tendency to oxidation. According te which depend our knowledge of planetary | Mr. Mallet’s experiments, faggoted scrap motions and the motions of the stars them-| iron bar, well wrought, is the most durable selves. The position of several hundred | under ali conditions. 1n tke process of cast- stars is now known with great accuracy,|ing, the homogeneity of the cast iron de- and for these observations we are mainly | pends on the cooling ; if the cooling is un- indebted to the astronomers of the Pulkowa| equal, heterogeneity will exist. The cast- Observatory. Previous to the present cen- | ings should also be as uniform in thickness tury little work had been done on double | 4s is consistent with the purpose for which stars. Struve’s work forms the real start-| they are intended. When soft iron is placed ing point of this kind of observation. In]|in immediate contact with that which is this field the observations are simple, and, hard and dense, it has a greater chemical although they demand great care and accu- | activity, and is positive to the denser metal racy, they are easily reduced. The astrono-| which it preserves; it has also been proved mer should not be discouraged because he|by experiment that when two pieces obtains no immediate or great reward for|of iron of different density have been his work, or public notice, or because some | so placed, the metel of the least density has one who rants about the nebular hypothesis | rapidly corroded, while the denser metal has and kindred subjects, of which he knows| suffered very little. Saline solutions in- nothing, is for a time the great astronomer | crease voltaic action ; therefore the parts of of the day. A good observation of the|iron structures exposed to both sea water smallest double star, or of the faintest comet | and atmospheric air will suffer most at the or asceroid, is worth more than all such vague | water line. The relation that the degree of talk. The physical theories of the universe, | density has to the electro-chemical action of which modern popular science is so pro- | influences particularly the durability of com- ductive, are generally worse than useless.| plex iron structures. In the case of cast The determination of the parallaxes of stars | iron castings bolted with wrought iron er is, practically, very difficult, although simple | steel, the cast iron will actually corrode all in theory ; it was only about 40 years ago| round the bolt holes. This may be remedied that the stellar parallax was measured, and | by chilling the cast iron at the points of then the most powerful instruments were | contact, which will increase the density, and employed. It may be generally true, as we| corrosion will then take place unitormly are accustomed to think, that the stars which | with that of wrought iron or steel. Steel in seem brightest are the nearest to us, but it] contact with lead, gun metal, copper, brass is a fact that some of the faint stars, not} and tin will rapidly corrode, owing to the visible to the naked eye, are much nearer to| galvanic action which is produced Au us than the bright stars of the northern sky. | electrical non-conducting agent should al Photography, which has rendered such good | ways intervene between all metals of oppo service in descriptive astronomy, does not | site electrical tendencies. For this purpose admit of the accuracy of measurement that|a packing of felt saturated with pitch is is required for stellar work. The numerical | very suitable. determinations of the motions of stars to Knowing that the durability and conse ward or away from our sun are so discordant | quent safety of engineering structures ex that we can have no confidence in their re-| posed to the conjoint action of all the prin sults. Some of the large instruments now | cipal elements of corrosion may be rapidly in course of construction may throw light | destroyed, and that the corrosion of a struc- upon this obscure subject. In 1861 Arge-|ture increases in proportionate ratio to the lander and his assistants completed their | superficial metallic area exposed, it is there great catalogue of 324,195 stars. Work of|fore important to expose as little of the this kind is of great value, and it should be! metallic structure as is possible consistent extended to other parts of the heavens. By/with safety. An instance of a successful taking account of a great many stars it may | application of a low ratio of exposed metal- be possible to determine the motion of the] lic surfaces may be cited in the Britannia solar system in space, and also the constant | Bridge. The element of strength in this of precession. There is an intimate rela-, bridge is the cellular arrangement of the tion between the instrument maker and the} tubes at the top and bottom ! a and Its Prevention. BY B. H. THWAITE, ARCHITEC®. The a0 cells astronomer, which shows itself in many|are only exposed at the extreme sides and ways. The divisions on a circle or scale| under the tubes. ‘lhus at least one-half ef must not be too finely or too coarsely cut, ; the elements of strength is preserved frem the reading scale should be conveniently | corrcsive agents placed, and the illumination of the instru- Air alone does not corrode iron There ment should be carefully studied. All these! fore, by the elimination of aju@ous vaper are essential points, and if not properly at-| and carbonic acid from the interior of clesed tended to they are certain to weary the|iron vessels, the iron is preserved. ‘Lhis observer and to impair the quality of his principle can be utiliz d in many ways ter work. Very few American observatories| preserving unused steam boilers by thor- have been established for the purpose of] oughly closing all orifices, and by heat caus doing scientific work, but they are generally | ing the aqueous vapor to evaporate, Burs built in connection with some college or|lyn proposes a cheap and simple method, by academy, and are the product of local and | taking advantage of the affiuity which ea }temporary enthusiasm, which builds and | cium chloride has for moistur He lays a equips an observatory and then leaves it | flat, open vessel ntaining the calcium helpless. With our present means of travel} chloride in the iron vessel, and the air is we can easily place our instruments at a] soon freed from all moisture. As soon as hight of 8000 or 10,000 feet, thus taking | the calcium chloride is saturated with mois them above much of the atmosphere, and) ture, it is useless and requires renewing avoiding the sudden changes of temperature | Water alone is also harmless in eontaet with which we have often to contend with below. | iron, and if the ordinary water of eemmeree At such altitudes we may be able to do with | were evaporated in a vessel properly ar. n hint hae & ' — ee a — i? Big o oe. a lini ee ee re ae ; ; y ‘ ' € : t f ! a ae ¢ ‘ " ,’ 4 THH IRON AGE. September 2, 1880, RVON. . “oe ¥ron. Xvon. svn. Eron. . NEW YORK. NEW YORK. NEW YORK PITTSBURGH. PITTSBURGH. - OGDEN & WALLACE, A. B. Warner & Son,| successors toGAM'L G. SMITH & CO., IRON MERCHANTS, IR « IN & STE | > L.. Tre | 28 & 29 West and 52 Washington Sts. MIDVALE STEEL WORKS. 7 Ee ee ATE, A full assortment constantly on hand of Cast, Machinery, Tool, Spring, Tire, Sleigh | * | e & Girder tron, Shoe, Toe Calk, Plow and Blister Steel. Boiler Tubes, Angle, Te Orders solicited for Geller and Tank Rivets. Sole Agents for the celebrated Steel TyresandA xles, 6 Eureka,” Pennocks, PIERSON & c0., eee tos and Gasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive 24 Broadway, New York City, | iron. _Fire. Box Iron a specialty. ‘ROME MERCHANT. IRON “MILLS, Iron & Steel. Sistine rs a 0 a grade of "| Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops. | COMMON & REFINED IRON, Scrolls, Ovals, Half Ovals, Half Rounds, Hexagon and | Hoops, Rods, Scrolls, Bands, Ovals, Horse Shoe, Nail Kods, Steel, &c. duced} of Iron branded J.G. All puddled on ls re na By hammer. Orders mé ay be sent to t «Cf A ENTER, our Agent, at 59 Jonn eneet, “New MA RSHALL LEFFERTS, 90 Beekman St., New York City, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER, Galvanized Sheet Iron,| _ Ist and 2d Qualities. Galvanized Wire, Telegreph and Fence ; Galvanized Hoop and Band Iron, lvanized Kod and Bar Iron, Pine anized Nails, Galvanized Chain, Galvanized Iron “CORRUGATED SHEET IRON For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted. Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common SHEET IRON. Plate and "Tank Iron, C H No. CH _ 1 Flange, Best Flange, Bost Fistge Fire Box, Circles. BOILER IRON Stamped and Guaranteed. All descriptions of Iron Work Galvanized or eee to order. Price list and ‘quotations sent upon application. W. BAILEY LANG, Sole Agent In United States & Canada for LOW-MOOR IRON COMPANY, NO. 50 BEEKMAN ST., NEW YORK. JAMES WILLIAMSON & C0., sc N 8 Hudson Street. OTCH AND AMERICAN BORDEN & LOVELL,| PIG IRON, Commission Merchants ___No. 69 Wall St., New York. _ 70 &71 West St, {ULSTER IRON WORKS.) Borden, ' seo New York. 18 Wall St., New York. m, N. Lovell, Agents for the sale of Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, Bands, Hoops & Rods. AND Borden Mining Company’s ____ Cumberland Coals. ~ WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., IRON MERCHANTS Cor. Albany & Washington Sts., NEW YORK CITY. _M. H. WaALLAce. B. F. JU DSON, ide Importer of and Dealer in PAYERW E ATHE R, Treasurer. SCOTCH AND AMERICAN i “CARMICHAEL : =. L S IT 7 eo ’ 130,132 & 134 Shatter. Wrouglit & Cast Scrap Iron, i AND STEEL “BOILER PLATE Q L D Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &c., &c, METALS. | ,arecter cue sevnie cou set so “Ast es | Sor Oete’ om pageted. Cas * Shoat m ane Plate — Mills rand Unio > Tube > We eke; w rought Tees, Ri _O rders promptly filled from stock ABEEL BROTHERS, Established 1765 by ABEEL & BYVANCK, Iron Merchants, 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. ULSTERIRON): A full assortment of all sizés constantly on hand. Refined Iron, Horse-Shoe Iron, Common Iron, Band, Hoop and Scroll Iron, Sheet Iron, Norway Nail Rods, Norway Shapes, Cast, Spring and Tire Steel, ete. A. R. Whitney, Manufacturer of and Dealer in IRON, 56, 58 & 60 Hudson, 4, 50 & 52 Thomas, anal NEWYORK 12, 14 & 16 Worth Sts., Oar specialty is in Manufacturing Iron Used in the Con- struction of Fire-Proot Buildings, Bridges, &c. Pians and estimates furnished, and contracts made forerecting Iron Structures of ever description. Books con es cuts of all Iron made sent on ap- plication by mail Sample pieces at office. 5 Please address Ww L Tuckerman, Mi Mulligan& Co Passaic Rolling Mill Co., PATERSON, N lron Bridge Builders Beams, Channels, Angles, | TEES, | Merchant lron, &c., &c. | New York Office, Room 45, Astor House. | | w ATTS Goose. Pres Ww. Wa. BISPHaM. 457 & 459 Water St.,/ {> = Be ne wi sales #83 235 sud ser; NEW yORK, HUGH w. “ADAMS, DANIEL EF. COONEY, scence ian ade eae Ww Sea eee oi eget - | FOREION AUD AMERICAN sR Me om SHEET IRON, RAILWAY, PIG AND SCRAP IRON. | >wW - LDED BOILER FLI Estimates furnished for all kinds of Iron Work. Cut als & Spies 56 PINE STREET, Dee oe Tm f Viaduct In we rics, D. L. COBB. eben Roi ve autis:at Jers C18: “" | CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON P. Ww. GALLAUDET, ROOFING & SIDING, Iron Buildings, Roots | Banker and Note Broker, ; re No 3 and 5 Wall Sireet, we Skylights, Bridges, dor NEW YORE. MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO. HARDWARE, METAL, IRON RUBBER, SHOE a . ’ 5 Dew 8tr ¥ " AND PAPER-HANGINGS, LUMBER, CUAI v ect, New York. NEW YORK, PAPER WANTE c Sh RITE BATES & DESPARD, 117 Pearl St., New York, Stee! “<''s, Swedish Pig and Steel. SCRAP IBON RAILS c. f. and 1 to | America, or f,9o.b English ports | Horse Shoe tron. Also from Charcoal I 1, 4 a superior | e he Millor And Manufacturers of | Broker in Machinery & lron Sole Agents for the United States, Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. FULLER BROTHERS & CO., 139 Greenwich Street, New York. W. 0D. WOOD & CO, r A. G@ HATRY, Commission Merchant. Bar, Sheet, Tank, Boller, Angle, T, and Rallroad Iron, And Railroad Equipment. Nails & Spikes Steel & R. R. Supplies, WINDOW GLASS, GAS PIPE & BORAX. PITTSBURGH, PA. JUNIATA — John W. Quincy, 98 William Street, New York. Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, Wrought Scrap, Cut Nails, Copper, BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER, ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &e &e HARRISON & GILLOON IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 558, 560, 562 WATER ST., and 302, 304, 306 CHERRY 8T., NEW YORE have on hand, and offer for sale, the following: PATENT | Planished Sheet Iron. Scotch and American Pig Iron, Wrought, Cost and Machinery Scrap Iron, Car-Wheels, Axles and i re Iron; also old Copper, Composition, Brass, OXFORD TRON CO., (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) Cut Nails SPIKES. J. S. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. BURDEN’S- HORSE SHOES. “Burden Best” lron Patented March 14th, 1865 ; April 8th, 1873 ; Sept. 9th, 1873; Uct. 6th, 1874; Jan. 11, 1876, Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, and at a much less price. FOR SALE, by all the principal METAL DEALERS In the Large cities throughout THE UNITED STATES. And at their Office, Cc. BANE, arm. SNOW SHOES. IRON and STEEL. The only Snow Shoes in the market that abso- Old Rails, Wheels, Axles, Springs, lutely prevent all balling and give universal satis- Scrap, Turnings, &c., factio: PIG IRON, BLOOMS AND BAR IRON. Improved Snow Shoe Shapes. Duquesne Wa