The Iron Age 1880-08-05: Vol 26 Iss 6

00 OO 20 20 The Iron Age Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Vol. XXVI: No. 6. The Brossard Injector Condenser. Besides the two classes of condensers in general use—the surface and jet condensers— there is one system which commends itself on account of a number of advantages. The injector condensers, as they are called, because they are an application of Giffard’s fruitful invention, are cheap, light, simple and effective. They can easily be put into place, as they require no foundations, and the engine for which they are used can be converted from low to high pressure in a simple manner by allowing the exhaust to escape. We present in the accompanying illustrations a recent French design by M. Brossard, published in the Revue Industrielle, to which we are indebted for the cuts. A thin sheet of water formed by the over- flow from an annular reservoir will, in fall- ing, carry with it a certain amount of air, the quantity depending upon the diameter of the inner orifice of the annular reservoir, and if enclosed in an air-tight vessel will produce a rarefaction of the air within it. When steam is admitted, it will condense immediately on coming in contact with the falling sheet of water. Upon this principle is based the injector condenser, its action being thus dependent both on the condensation of the steam and the aspiration caused by the form of the vessel through which water of condensation flows, the discharge pipe being contracted gradually until a solid jet of water is formed. The vacuum pro- duced is dependent upon the distance through which the water falls from the top of the annular overflow to the bottom of the dis- charge pipe. The amount of water taken into the condenser by suction varies accord- ing to the necessity of the case, thus regu- lating itself. Reference to the illustrations will suffice to explain this more clearly. In Fig. 2, E is the tube through which the con- denser water passes to the conical diaphragm a, from which it falls in a sheet into the con- densing chamber A upon the annular over- flow I. The exhaust steam enters through D, and is directed by the circular diaphragm upon the sheet of cold water falling froma, be- ing thus, to a considerable extent, condensed, From the overflow the water—and purtly, also, the condensed steam—drops through the contracted neck into the discharge pipe J. In falling, the jet of water produces a vacu- um in the chamber B, which is indispensable in regulating the flow of the water and pre- venting the jet from Ureaking The end of the discharge pipe K attached to J is con- tracted to such an extent that its diameter is smaller than the contraction of I, so that any entrance of air is guarded against. The supply pipe has two branches, G being for the admission of water for starting the con- denser, and H for the ordinary supply of water drawn into the apparatus by suction. The method of operation of the Brossard injector condenser is simple. The cock g is opened and the maximum vacuum is regu- lated by means of the lever 6, by which the cone a is raised or lowered. The valve e is then opened, and the regular water supply through H is admitted. It is stated by the manufacturers, MM. Chabrié & Jean, of Paris, that the supply of water necessary to operate the condenser is about twelve times as much as that from which the steam was generated, a statement which, if borne out by the results of long-continued work- ing, would show that Brossard’s design is a considerable improvement upon earlier ones. ——_—_——— Eee METALLURGICAL NOTES. THE THEORY OF THE THOMAS AND GILCHRIST PROCESS. Herr Josef von Ehrenwerth has continued his profound researches into the theoretical points involved in the new Thomas and Gil- christ process. From his elaborate paper we gather the following statements, which may be regarded as the conclusion reached by the learned professor : The silica formed by the combustion of the silicon of the pig combines with the bulk of the manganese present, forming a silicate of protoxide of manganese. ‘That part of the silica not thus saturated combines with the protoxide of iron. This silicate is decomposed by the | the lime present in the basic converter, a very stable silicate of lime being formed, and protoxide of iron being rendered free. The latter is reduced to-metal by the action | of carbonic oxide, formed, as usual, in the Bessemer process, by the combustion of the carbon of the pig. ese remains unaltered in the cinder under favorable circumstances; it enters into a double compound with silicate of lime. It is by this means that the silica in the ctder is prevented from decomposing the phos- | phate of lime or iron, Phosphorus is always | eliminated as a phosphate of protoxide of iron, the compound being probably 2 FeO, | P, Os. Meeting an excess of lime, as it does in the Thomas and Gilchrist process, this | compound is converted to phosphate of lime, protoxide of iron being free. The latter is reduced as long as the gases passing through the metal have a reducing action. When, however, the action becomes oxidizing, the iron remains behind in the cinder as mag- netic oxide. Phosphorus is partially elim- inated during the earlier stages of the pro- cess, but it is not entirely removed before both silicon and carbon are completely oxid- ized. Actual ‘‘ overblowing,” a term which is often used in connection with the final period of the Thomas and Gilchrist process, does not really take place beyond very nar- A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. New York, Thursday, August 5, 1880. |row limits. If it did, the analyses of cin- | tains either lead or copper. He does not, der ought to show larger quantities of mag- | unfortunately, give the amounts of impuri- | netic oxide of iron. ties which he considers dangerous. , THE SOLUBILITY OF GOLD. Sr ' Mr. E.N. Riotte, a well-known metallurgist, The History of the Phenix Iron formerly established on the Pacific coast, : has, in a letter directed to the Engineering Company. and Mining Journal, taken up a subject = which merits full discussion. He says: I} Phoenixville, one of the busiest places have never been able to believe or to prove |along the Schuylkill, owes its growth and that in roasting gold ores, with or without |! importance almost entirely to the extensive compound, as is claimed, could be found. | ploying, as they do, 1500 hands at present, Of course, Réssner’s process is based upon | and sometimes as high a number as 2000. A the assumption that it can, and at an ex-| correspondent of the Philadelphia Ledger tremely low temperature it may be possible. | gives the following data on the history of the I have taken gold ores that had been roasted | company : ; ; |}at a dark-cherry heat, with the addition of | The land upon which Phoenixville is built 3 to 5 per cent. salt, After accurate sam-| was purchased in 1731 by James Starr, and pling and assaying, I boiled, first, with | a year after the purchase Mr. Starr built a water; secondly, with very dilute muriatic | grist mill near the end of the county bridge, acid ; and thirdly, with strong common salt | between where the canal now is and French brine. Only the last test showed traces of | Creek, and erected a dam about 500 yards gold extracted, which I explained by sup-| above the present one. A log home was ver that had been formed inroasting and | upon this tract became a part of this dwell- leached with the salt included traces of| ing, and for a number of years was the chloride of gold. I then leached the same | home of the successive proprietors and man- lot of roasted ore with a solution of hyposul- | agers of the iron manufacturing interest in =3 # = ES op ] Fig. 1.—Elevation of the Brossard Condenser. posing that in some way the chloride of sil-| erected for the miller, and the second house | | J., to Phenixville. into partnership in the business, and com- menced operations again about 1821. At | this time the rolling mill had but one pair of |rolls, one pair of rotary slitters and one furnace, the blast then being unknown. | When the coal, which had been thrown in- side upon the grate, was sufficiently heated, | the iron to be rolled was laid on the top and left until it acquired the proper temperature. The entire capacity of the mill was about three tons per day. For several years all jthe nail factory, a distance of about 100 yards, upon the back of one donkey owned ‘by the firm. But the new firm were enter- prising and industrious, and they soon en- larged the works, put up puddling furnaces, set up a steam engine and erected 32 houses in |the town. In 1824 there were 54 nail ma- | chines in the factory, and the rolling mill is said to have been equal to any in the State. The Thompsons, however, found difticul- ties of such a character that in 1827 they made an assignment, and the assignees con- veyed the property to Firman Leaming, Ben- | jamin Reeves, David Reeves and James and Joseph Whitaker. The two last were placed in charge and removed from Bridgeton, N. The only public means babs ae) el a EE a ct he nce eee Fig. 2.—Section of the Brossard Condenser. THE BROSSARD CONDENSER FOR LOW-PRESSURE ENGINES. phite of soda, and found that up to $10 per | the vicinity. The tract of land was sold in ton in gold could be extracted. Now, the | 1748, in 1754, and again in 1756, and finally question is, Did not (as I firmly believe) the | in 1760 it was conveyed to John Longstreth hyposulphite attack the metallic gold? Of }and, after he had reconstructed the old mill of communication with Philadelphia at this time was the Lancaster stage, and there 84.50 a Year, Including Postage. Single Copies, Ten Cents. mills for beam and angle iron, all producing about 30,000 tons of finished iron yearly. In the new mill gas made from anthracite coal is used for the furnaces; the generator is some distance from the mill and the gas is conveyed through pipes underground to the furnaces, The company are now construct ing an iron bridge, 1000 feet long, to cross the Harlem River; also 12 spans, in all about 2000 feet, for the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental Railroad, which will salt, a sub-chloride, or any other soluble| works of the Phenix Iron Company, em- | the iron rolled was carried from the mill to! connect the town of Hull with Ottawa Every iron bridge used by the company from Quebec to Ottawa has been built by the Phoenix Company, besides other bridges for roads in Canada, aggregating in cost to nearly $2,000,000. In this connection it may be stated that in getting the contract for the building of the 12 spans, Messrs. Clarke, Reeves & Co. came in competition with English firms bidding under the same specifications, and their bid was one-half less than their English compet- itors. Two thousand feet of a viaduct are now under way, and one of 800 feet has just been completed. The company are also constructing several bridges for rail- roads in Mexico and making iron beams for the Philadelphia Post Office, United States | Arsenal at Rock Island, for the United Bank | Building in New York and for several | breweries. In all, their contracts call for | about 2000 tons of beams. Solid beams are rolled here as deep as 15 inches, while in England they never get beyond 10 inches, though on the Continent they exceed this size. a Chain Tests. The Philadelphia Ledger gives the following account of anumber of comparative tests mace | at Bridesburg with ordinary chains, and tho: e manufactured by the American Chain Co., Limited. The latter differ from the former in the manner in which they are propor- tioned. One-quarter more material is put in | the ends of the links, where the strain and | friction occur, than on the sides, where the strain is not so great. They use the same | amount and weight of material in a chain of | & given size, but claim that by their process | it is increased in strength 50 per cent,, and in durability 100 per cent. The patentee is Captain Charles A. Cham- berlin, who was for a number of years in the | merchant service. Shaw’s testing machine was used, and the first test made was with an ordinary merchant chain five-eighths of an inch in diameter. It broke right at the end of the link after a tensile strain of 10 tons. A test of the same size chain manu- fuctured by the American Chain Co., with one-quarter more material at the ends than | at the sides, was then made, and it broke at | the weld after a tensile strain of 161% tons. ; Another test of the company’s 54-inch chain ; With the Admiralty test, which is 7 tons, was then made, and after a tensile strain of 7% tons was taken out of the machine unaf fected in any way. It was again placed in position, and the Admiralty breaking strain, 10 tons, was applied, the engine running to 104 tons before it could be stopped, and, although somewhat changed and straight- ened out, it was unbroken. It was again placed in position, and broke at the end where the swell starts at a tensile strain of 1534 tons, A second test of the 5¢-inch ordinary chain was then made and it broke at a tensile strain of 934 tons. This was followed by a test of a 1-inch ordinary chain, and, after a strain of 29 tons had been applied, the pin holding the chain in position broke. The engine was stopped and the chain taken out, when it was discovered that two of the | links had started, and would probably have broken with a very slight additional strain. It was replaced with another chain of the same size and kind, but, after a strain of 24 tons had been applied, the engine was again stopped on account of the pin working up, and it was removed unbroken. The Ameri can Chain Co.’s t-inch chain was then placed in the machine, and broke ata tensile strain of 42 tons, the Admiralty breaking were fords where Bridge street crosses the Schuylkill and where Main street crosses the | strain for this size chain being 27 tons. s - The new chains have been used in the el The silicate of mangan- | course, I know that the usual explanation is But will not somebody please prove this‘ At Diamond City, Juab County, Utah, phate of soda, and the bars produced actu- ally show a gold extraction of from $5 to $6.50 per ton, Now, as far as I know, no- body has ever claimed that chloride, or any other soluble state of this metal, did occur | in nature. I would finally remind the reader that sulphate of iron (peroxide) will also solve metallic gold, especially if the solution contains chloride of iron or sodium at the same time. | THE FRACTURE OF SPIEGELEISEN AND FERRO- MANGANESE. In comparing spiegeleisen with ferroman- ganese, the effect of increasing amounts of | manganese upon the character of the frac- ture of the metal is clearly visible. Spiegel- | eisen with only 7 to 8 per cent. of manganese shows the largest facets. These grow | smaller as the percentage of manganese in- creases, until at 4o per cent. they are changed to fine crystalline neadles or threads. When the contents of manganese reach 60 | per cent. the fracture is coarsely crystalline. M. Rocques states, in the Chem. Zeitg., that water does not corrode pure zinc, and that oply such metal is affected ag con- |and run it for some time, he sold the - that the .sub-chloride is soluble in hyposul- | ab | phate. erty to Benjamin Longstreth. This gentle- | man at once commenced to make improve- i | ments that gave Phoenixville its first impor- unroasted silver ore is leached with hyposul- | tant start asatown. In 1786 he built a saw- mill near the old grist mill, and a few years later increased the water-power by making a dam at the present location, and also erected a rolling and slitting mill where the foundry now stands. This was the first at- tempt at iron manufacture at Pheenixville. The land and improvements were again sold several times, and in 1802 James McClintock became proprietor, and conducted the busi- ness at the French Creek Works. In 1809 a company was formed to manufacture nails, and the old saw mill was removed and a nail mill was erected on its site, and in| 1813, when the enterprise began to give evi- dence of failure, Lewis Wernwag, a German, who constructed the old single-span wooden bridge over the Schuylkill at Fairmount, was employed to superintend the work. Wernwag built a new mill of stone, also an expensive stone house for himself, and the | name of the manufacturing establishment was changed to that of the Phoenix Works. The war being in progress at this time, | and business being in a very disordered con- | dition, several members of the company | now the superintendent. French Creek. By the death of Leaming lighthouse service along the Atlantic coast in 1832 and Charles Reeves in 1836, the | for the past year as an experiment, and it is management of the works fell into the hands | stated unofficially that, after being in use of Joseph Whitaker. To encourage the | that length of time, they were fit for another workmen to erect dwellings, the firm sold | year’s service, although the ordinary chains lots at small prices, and also built a number | which have been used heretofore have be n for rental, The completion of the Reading | renewed yearly, the constant motion of the Railroad, about 1837, made a great change buoys to which they were attached having in the iron manufacture; new mills were | worn a t-inch chain, in some cases, down to erected, and the population began to in-| a quarter of an inch at the end of the link crease rapidly, reaching in 1840 to 809| Sian a - ; persons. In 1846 several changes took place in the} Printed Matter in the Mails Judge firm and finally it was reorganized under| Freeman, Assistant Attorney-General for the title of Reaves, Buck & Co. In 1848| the Post Office Department, has decided that the old nail factory was destroyed by fire. | printed matter sent through the mails as It was never rebuilt. The first rails were | samples of the printing thereon and printing rolled in November, 1846, and the enterprise | from plates and photographs, &c., should be was a success from the commencement. | classed as miscellaneous printed matter The population in 1848 had increased to 3337. | When the matter is sent both as a sample The firm of Reeves, Buck & Co. continued | of printing and as a sample of paper, which under that title until the year 1855, when, |is merchandise, Judge Freeman makes the by act of the Legislature, it was incorporated | following ruling If the purpose is the as the *‘ Phoenix Iron Company,” with a| publication, and if the material upon which capital of $500,000, with the privilege of in-| the publication is made be the usual and creasing it to $1,560,000. John Griffen is | natural one used, any incidental benefit of such use can be available to the maker or The Phenix Iron Company’s works now | seller of the material. But where the sole occupy over 60 acres of land, upon which purpose is to exhibit the material upon are puddling furnaces, blast furnacesand roll-| which the printing is done as a sample, failed, and George Thompson became pro- | ing and finishing mills—one, the latest mill, | and the printing thereon is only in aid of prietor of the entire concern, He bought | being 290 by 930 feet. several tracts of land, and took his brother | In the puddling mill | Sui h purpose, the matter thus exhibited is there are 21 double puddling furnaces, and‘ not properly second or third-class matter, oa et 6 SA t "$2 FS tie gle + ete s — eS ae | ws ' ae t k ' re _ Rel. = - x a etait 7 Ee aE IK a 2 eee ‘2 THE IRON AGE: August 5, 1880, Metals. FActals. Cat ive, etc. A N Ss oO N L, A The Plume & Atwood PHILIP L. MOEN. President and Treasurer. CHAS. F. WASHBURN, Vice President & Secret ae a orn Mfg. Company, WASHBURN & MOEN ANSEAG TURING. C0, MANUFACTURERS OF Established 1831. nee eee MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Waterbury Brass Co, CAPITAL, - - $400,000. Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, Sheet, Rell and Platers’ Brass, German Silver and Gilding Metal, Seamless Brass & Copper GERMAN SILVER, Tubing. Copper Rivets and Burs, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, Kerosene Burners, Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms, PURE COPPER WIRE COPPER RIVETS & BURS, Lamp Trimmings, &c. BRASS KETTLES, fe For Electrical Purp ses, Bare and Covered. Door Rail, Brass Tags, 80 Chambers Street, New York. . s 5 i aK st i : on ; sai ) — r if Pnospner Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. PERCUSSION CAPS, 13 Federal Street, Boston. Mi - : en een ae - 109 Lake Street, Chicago. POWDER FLASKS, Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &c. And small Brass Wares of every Description. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Spec ialty. Sole Agents for the Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- ing Goods and Wood’s Paper Shot Shells. ANSONIA * REFINED INCOT COPPER. __ PHELPS, DODGE & CO. IMPORTERS OF Rolling Mill, | Factories, THOMASTON, Ct. WATERBURY, Ct. MANUFAOTURERS OF IRON and STEEL, WIRE, Patent Steel Barb Fencing, Patent Steel Wire Bale Ties. Bridgeport Brass Co., MANUFACTURERS OF WIRE RODS of all Grades; Round Iron ae ualit oe 2. to \ In., cut to any len sive Operators of the PATENT C CONTIN vou is Ko LLIN LI a} mit. L, » Producing i ans. Bteel Wi REG, ved Wire, Market Anpanes Fence and Grape W yt in in long longthes “Coppered Pail Ball Wire re; hope. Bridge Bolt, eet and Stone Wir Chain Wire. Wire for the ufacture of Card Clothing, Heddles, Reeds, &c. Piano-string C T j wu ? LAT ce DEPOTS: Mille At Sheet and Roll Brass, Tinned Broom Wire and Tinned. ‘pated Wire of all sizes. A specialty is made of Clock, Machinery Gee Betow ores . 296 B d N York WATERBURY Spiral Boring Wire, and Refined Wire to Pattern for particuiar purposes, from selected stamps of N Norway i roadway, New b ’ Any grade Wire furnished, Annealed y Brignt, Polished, ares Galvanized or Tin Plated. Wire furnished, Straigntened and Cut to any length. Steel Crineline Wire, Patent Linen finish. Varivaled Steel Music Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, | German Silver Metal and Wire, Copper and Iron Rivets. ROOFING PLATE, Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zine, &c. Wire. Steel Wire for Springs, Needles and Drills. Market Stee] Wire kept tn stock, all « WAREHOUSE, 21 Cliff Street, New York. St; Louls Warehouse, 802 North 2 2d St, reeeeey Wire & Lantern Works, 189 Eddy St., Providence, R. I. Conn. Manhattan Brass Co,, Manufacturers of MANUFACTURERS OF Sheet Brass. Olmsted Patent Oilers OILERS and CUSPADORES, LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, C 0 P p E R A N D FR RAS S Brass Wire, Prior Patent Oilers LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, "| Copper Wire, Brouhion Pagent Quer | lock & Fy Fn Movements, | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS Warehouse, c LIFF STREET, NEW Js ox ° ; B B Hi . Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and Zine Tubing. Snestenne Lanterns, manufacturing Metal Goods. 45 Fulton St., New York, Brown’s Patent Pictare Hooks, Fire Sets, Fenders, &c. BRASS BLANKS AND TuBEs| Harrison Wire Company, OF EVERY DESCRIPTION TO ORDER. OFFICE AND WORKS, Ist Ave., 27th to 28th Sts., New York. THE NEW HAVEN COPPER CO0., MANUFACTORY, WAREHOUSE, Bridgeport, Conn. 19 Murray St., N. ¥. LL SCOVILL NV MFC CO BRASS, HINCES, WIRE, GERMAN SILVER. HOWARD & MORSE, Manufacturers of ST. LOUIS, MO. Taos. W. Fitcs, Cuas. FIsH, Prest. and Treas. Secretary. MANUFACTURERS OF All kinds of PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS, BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. Brass, Copper & Tron Wire Cloth, DEPOTS, aa FACTORIES, er ages Spark Wire wets Fe ’ iu Cc , {Tr Deontiest Btn = NortavCom,| 255 Pearl Street, New Vork. | [RON & STEEL WIRE San ans eee 183 Lake St. Chicago. New York City. Manufacturers of and Dealers in eieiaties a LL ’ Lantern, . DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO.,!Braziers’ & Sheathing) wire miu ‘Specialtios.| H[ hI] isnsmecinwcmana ian Importers of a =] ing, Riddles, Coal & Sand .\ Sereens, Nursery Fenders and Spark Guards, Orna- mental Wire Fence. Holmes, Booth & Haydens, WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORE, BOSTON, 49 Chambers St. 18 Federal St. Manufacturers of all kinds of COPPER. Kettle Bottoms, Bo'ts, Circles, Rivets, Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, &c. Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, Wire, Zinc, Etc. 29 & 31 Cliff S%t., cor, Fulton, DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool. NEW YORK. New York Office Established 1837. Incorporated 1876. Brass, Copper & German Silver, WATERBURY MFG. CO.,| Bess, Copper & German si Warcovs WATERBURY, CONN. BRASS & COPPER WIRE, 117 Liberty Street Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. HB! JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. German Silver Spoons, A. Cc. N ORTHRO P, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Waterbury, Conn., Kerosene Burners, &c. &c. NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS) joun DavoL «& SONS, THE JOHN A ROEBLINGS SONS 60, WIRE ROPE! .....scx, |Lron and Steel lron, Steel 2 and Copper | Telegraph Wire, WIRE siotsting Purposes ot au| Market Wire, vor kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Market Wire, Fence Wire Ship Rigging, Sash Cords, Vineyard Wire Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, Lightning Rods, &c., &e. ° Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Agus See Suspension Bridge Cables. Rivet W ; FOR HARDWARE TRADE. Brooklyn Brass and Copper Co. uspe on dge Cables ve ire, &c., &c. Wrought Iron and Brass Machine Screws; Turned lexagon, Round and Square Head Cap and Dealers 1n CA LVAN iZ EB D WI wy E Cc LOTH LES Li N ES. Set Screws; Brass and Iron Safety ana Jack Chain; Gut Nickel Plated and Bronze Trimmings of all kinds. from Sheet Iron, Steel or Brass. Estimates on patented articles, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and P womny stly ore n. Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, John Street, N. PASSAIC ZINC CO. Manufacturers of Pure Spelter Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK, Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents 113 L iberty Street, ee. Y. IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &c. CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND. Address, HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co., Pa. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germany. PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, Flusseisen, Swedish and German Charcoal Wire. GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and in long lengths. GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, ons 7 -ply Sivan. Mepies, &c. Annealed and Oiled Fencing Vire, round and ova WIRE ROFP:E OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. TELEGRAPH CABLES. Contractors to the German and Foreign governments. The ethos house in the braneh on the Con- tinent. Velegraph Address, CAKLSWERK, COLOGNE, General Agents for U. 8S. and C canta’ PERKINS & CHOATE, 23 Nassau St, N. Ye J. WOOL GRISWOLD, bead WIRE RAILING AND Ornamental Wire Works. VAT IT EF EG, | Ne. 36 Neneh f/ = F. St., a Manufacture WIRE RAILING for Cemeteries, Balco nies, &c.: Sieves, Fenders, Cages, Sand and Coal | Screens, Woven Wire, Iron Bedsteads Chairs TROY, N. X, Bettces, &e ABRAM 8. HEWITT, President JAMES HALL, Treasurer. WM. HEWITT, Vice President. E. HANSON, Secretary. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, (INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, NEW JERSEY, MANUFACTURERS OF IRON and STEELWIRE OF ALL CRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED; Iron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun- Screw and Charcoal tron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths. Represented ia New York by COOPER, HEW TT & COo., 17 Burling Slip. Geo. W. Prentiss & Co., Co., HOLYOKE, MASS., MANUFACTURERS OF BRODERICK & BASCOM, MANUFACTURERS OF IRON WIRE ROPE. § 800 N. Main St. A ee a) St Louis, Mo, rere GUN SCREW wink. Of al) eses straightened and cut to oraer WIRE ROPE, | The Schoenberg Metal Mig. Co., Manufacturers of and Dealers in SOLDER, TYPE, Mitereotype, Electrotype and Babbitt Metals, Importers of Block Tin Antimony, &¢ Refiners of Lead, Spelter, &c. Hi ighe t price pald f or Old Motals arignt, gonpered, F Ann Manufacturer of S| Ca Seaml PATEN HOUSE | pressure ¢ PATEN' SILVEK-P Cesigns. GERMA POF COF No, 57 § Hav ING Also Cakes, - alt S. H. PA Shipping, Insura No. 29 PEC] Goods receiv: the world. Ins furnished, and ; = merchandise at 4 savi Entries of tou work effec tually freight collected uaranteed (whe destination, cove solicited THE IRON & S We j y My D ay Al A general assorti Rails kept on hanc made promptly. W. E. C. COXE, S. W. INGERSO F. P. HOWE, G MOSES | G0 CrH aa L. Who METALS, And ali kir We invit R. SEL) Dealer in Tin Plate, She SAIN —— ~~ a a bu re, cle re nd yn. ad, le t. et 5] cing son- co Soal August 5, 1880. 0. LINDEMANN & (CO., Y Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of Spring Brackets for Bird Cages, And manufacturers he largest variety of Japanned, Brass and Tin-Plated Bird Cages in this Country. Catalogues furnished to the trade. 254 Pearl Street, New York. ot City TH'E IRON AGE. 93 CAR | Y ch | MOEN, The Utilization and Properties of Manufacturers of Slag. EEL WIRE forall purposes and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. ee ————_- — a nn rn er (Concluded) The most important production, and the one which consumes by far the greatest quantity of slag, are concrete bricks, known in the market as slag bricks. These bricks are made from the sand produced by the slag-sand machine before described. The The sand is dropped from the railway wagons into hoppers, or depots, at the works, whence it is filled into large barrows, and is taken up a hoist to the top of the building and tipped into a hopper, which supplies a measuring apparatus, Here it is mixed with a certain quantity of selenitic lime (Gan Scott’s patent), with an addition of iron oxides ; it then passes into the brick-press, hereinafter to be described. The bricks are taken off the presses by girls, placed upon spring-barrows carrying fifty bricks each, little differenee is found whether the ma terials are ground together in a dry or in a wet state. The cost of production, however, 1S, aS nearly as possible, four to one in favor of the wet state. It is made by grinding under edge runners for about one hour (the finer the better), 70 per cent. of slag sand, 15 per cent. of common lime and 15 per cent. of iron oxides, calcined iron stone or spent pyrites. The following is an analvsis of this cement lately made by Messrs. Pat terson & Stead : : : | > Per cent Lime , Silica #08 Alumina ty Protoxide of iron 4 Protoxide of magnesia Peroxide of iron Magnesia 4-3 Potash Soda Sulphur . 2.19 Sulphuric acid 1.54 Phosphorie acid J hs ~ aed ~ Ss > —_ > > S > nn VEL RE LALLLLAALLAARALALAL LAP “ea Market steel Wire, Crinojine Wire, tempered and coverca. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. NEW YORK, 234, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, - - - - - , é : —__—_§—— |and removed to air-hardening sheds ; here | Carbonic acid they remain a week or ten days, after which | 7°! Wate! ' W Ee ST @) N 7S they are stacked in the air to further harden, Total 5 100.2 y A L e LO c¢ K Ni F ¢ ; ( a | 5 and at the expiration of five or six weeks | Less oxygen of the lime combined with sul 4 s * they are ready for the market. We here} P! >+ 59 have, then, the curious anomaly of bricks o9 < DIFFERENTIAL... .........: PULLEY BLOCKS. Office and Works, STAMFORD, CONN, SALESROOMS, St.. New Boston. St.. Philadelphia. being made without burning, and of a wet season being favorable to the hardening process. The bricks thus produced are very tough ; they do not split when a nail is driven into them, and are easily cut; they do not break in transit, and the frost has no effect uponthem. According to a certificate received from Kirkaldy’s testing works, some of these bricks, taken from stock Upon comparing this analysis with that of Portland cement and the puzzolanas already given, it will be seen that the various hard ening ingredients exist in all. The large quantity of water held in suspension in the slag sand is quite sufficient to make the mass in the mill into a semi-fluid state, but this water is mostly taken up in setting. It is, therefore, necessary that the cement should York. 36 Pearl St., 506 Commerce BROWN & BROTHERS, 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Waterbury, Conn. Manufacturers of BRASS, COPPER AND eae GERMAN SILVER, — In Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, Rivets and Burs, Etc. ALSO, Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 Ibs. | pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANK, SILVEK-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich cesigns. GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. | POPE,COLE &Co. BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Also Cakes, of unequalled purity and toughness. ’ Wrought Iron Fence, Our specialty. Also | Crestings, Finials and Vanes; Stable Fixtures, Hitching Posts, Door and Window Guards, Wrought Iron Grat- ings, &c. Address IRON FENCE WORKS, J, H. VAN DORN, Proprietor, ‘Stanley Rule & Level Co., oteveNano weOUGHT) TINWARE, SEAMLESS BOXES, ROUND, OVAL AND SQUARE CANS, | t's" #9 HENRY J. VOGEL. three years old, carried a pressure of 21 tons before crushing, while others only four months old crushed with 9 tons pressure, t. 8 showing not only great toughness, but also New Britain, Conn, that they greatly improve by age. — There are now two machines fully em WAREROOMS. ployed, making about 130,000 bricks weekly, consuming 250 tons of slag sand and 30 tons 29 Chambers St., of selenitic lime and oxides, The prepara tion of this selenitic lime forms a necessary New York, branch of the business. It is made in the Manufacturers of Balley’s Patent Adjustable Planes. General Agents for the sale of Leonard Balley & Co.'s ** Victor Planes,” Manufacturers of ** Defiance’? Patent Adjustable Planes, be used before setting takes place. This ce- ment is usually employed for making con- crete, by mixing one part of the cement to five parts of slag shingle. The shingle is made by the slag-shingle machine before de scribed. The shingle, before being used, is well wetted, and when the concrete is put into place it is beaten lightly duwn in a soft state until the water and cement begin to rise on the top; two days af- terward it has become sufficiently set to allow of the building boards being taken down, and at the end of a week it will be fairly hard, and will go on hardening for months. It is perfectly hydraulic, and will harden under water. It will be seen by this that it requires longer time to set than Portland cement, and is perhaps not quite so hard; but there is a remarkable tough- ness, which has surprised all those who have used it, and this toughness makes it valuable for heavy machinery foundations, &c.; and when made in proximity to the furnaces, the cost of the cement will not exceed 6/ per ton, while concrete made of this cement and slag shingle will cost only 5/6 per cubic yard, These prices are absolute figures of cost, that of the concrete being arrived at after having executed many hundreds of cubic yards, both upon the Tees Iron Works, at the new railway station at Middlesbrough, and elsewhere. The slag works buildings, the walls of which are between 70 and 80 feet high, are built entirely with it, the basement walls being 2'4 feet thick. While the underground walls of the slag works were being executed, they were twice im mersed, through exceedingly high tides, with the result that this part of the building is the hardest of all ; and to give an idea of the strength, the author may mention that it was necessary, about 18 months ago, to cut two openings at different points through the basement walls, 3'4 feet wide and 6 feet high. This employed two good workmen, with steel bars and sledge hammers, at least four days for each doorway. Slags from the furnaces making Bessemer iron are bet- ter adapted to this cement even than those from the Cleveland ores, Mention has been FACTORIES, MANUFACTURERS OF Improved following manner : 80 per cent. of unslaked common lime. ro per cent, of raw gypsum. 1o per cent. of iron oxides calcined. These are all ground together, under edge runners, into a fine dry powder. The com position is then passed through a fine sieve, 24 meshes to the inch; it is then ready for the brick press. To each thousand of bricks, 6 ewt. of this lime is used; no water is added, sufficient being held in suspension in the slag sand to thoroughly moisten the lime ; in fact, it ismno uncommon thing to find a stream of water flowing from the brick press which has been squeezed out of the sand. The loss of bricks in manufacture is very small; in fact, after the bricks are once upon the barrows, the waste is not more than 1% per cent. At the present rate of production there is a consumption of slag for this one article alone of about 14,000 tons per annum. The weight of these bricks is about 30 per cent. lighter than ordinary red ones—g inches by 4 '4 inches by 2 '4 inches —weighing only 2'¢ tons perthousand. An- other interesting feature in connection with these bricks is the economy in manufacture, which—including all materials, labor, wear and tear of machinery, &c., superintendence, power and everything except interest on capital, does not exceed more than 10/6 per thousand. The following is an analysis of these bricks, made by Messrs. Patterson & Stead, and will be found worthy of notice, showing the hardening properties contained, the compo sition comparing favorably with the cements previously mentioned : This Advertisement is Changed Every Week, GAUTIER STEEL C0., LIMITED, JOHNSTOWN, PENN. Per cent Lime 29.90 / Silica... eee 25.15} made of the necessity of keeping the pro Alumina : 21.80] ducts from slag sand in a damp state for a Protozide of iron ‘441 length of time after manufacture, in order to Protoxide of manganese ; ; give them time to harden,or,in other words, to Peroxide of iron Magnesia 10] allow the material to absorb or take up as ; ; eas — | Potash °-53] much water as will chemically combine with Wii kLgLi A NMI WV OG EI. oO = + ve | the lime, silica and alumina ; but whether this . 9 Sulphuric acid ; 1.25] water becomes water of crystallization, or Manufacturer of Plain and Stamped Phosphoric acid °'| water of hydration, or a combination of Carbonic acid both, is not at all certain. Mr. Wood is, however, strongly impressed with the idea that water in a fixed state, more particularly in a compound state, plays by far a more im portant part in the setting of cements than is generally supposed. That the presence of Total <axeaen 100. 56 Less oxygen of- the lime combined with sulphur 7 Special Articles Manufactured of Sheet Metals. 41,43 & 45 South 9th Street, Near the Ferries, BROOKLYN (E. D.), N. ¥. LOUIS H. VOGEL, 1 CLEVELAND, Ohio, U. 8. A. SH. PAYNE, Freight Broker, Shipping, Insurance, Custom House & Forwarding Agent, Neo. 29 PECK SLIP NEW YORK, U. 8. A. Goods received for re-shipment to all parts of the world. Insurances effected, Bills of Lading furnished, and all matters relative to Exportation | of merchandise carefully and geomet attended to at a saving in Freight and Terminal charges Entries of ods made and all Custom House work effectually done. Claims for overcharges of freight collected free of charge. Rates of freight | qesrentess (when desired) from stirting poipt to | estination, covering all charges. Correspondence | solicited. THE MONTOUR IRON & STEEL COMPANY, Works at Danville, Pa. <2 AND PIC IRON. A general] assortment of Mine and Narrow-Gauge Rails kept on hand, from which shipments can be made promptly. W. BE. C. COXE, President, Reading, Pa. 8S. W. INGERSOLL, Treas., Philadelphia, Pa. F. P. HOWE, General Supt., Danville, Pa _ all Weeveut teow, FIRE SAND AND CLAYS MOSES GOLDSMITH & SON, Key Box 156, CHARLESTON, S&S. C. Wholesale dealers in METALS, IRON, RACS, And all kinds of Paper Stock. i We invite correspondence. | R. SELLEW & CO.) Dealer in METALS, Tin Plate, Sheet Iron, Copper, &¢. SAINT LOUIS. Established 1810, Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in PHILADI water in a chemically combined state forms as much aconstituent part of cement as does the lime, silica and alumina, seems certain from the results of the analysis shown fur ther on. For instance, if Portland cement As before mentioned, the lime used for making bricks is selenitized, the following being the analysis of the raw gypsum em ployed in the process : MOULDING SAND. Albany Sand a Specialty. FOUNDRY FACINGS, Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. Per cent, Sulphuric acid 49-18! Sulphate of lime. | be heated to a red heat, so as to evaporate a er? the fixed water, the cement loses at once its Water at 100 per cent Nil. strength and becomes rotten. Again, with gypsum, where the water of crystallization amounts to more than one-fifth of its bulk, if this is driven off at a red heat, we have little better than a powder left. And it seems Clear that the quicker this crystalliza tion takes place, the quicker is the setting and on the contrary, as in the slag cements and the brick, the slower the water is in be coming fixed the slower is the hardening, thus showing the necessity of keeping them damp during the process Messrs. Pgtte: son & Stead have made many analyses, with the object of testing this point. Samples of Portland and Roman cements were mixed with water in the usual way, some specimens being supplied by the cement manufacturers themselves, as test pieces from their works, and had consequently been under water for These were all reduced to Ditto given off at red heat, being water of crystal lization ; 21.00 Total 99.8 The process of brick making, as now car ried on, is extremely simple, and, as already shown, inexpensive ; but it was here that the greatest difficulties were met with There was no machinery to be purchased that could work the slag sand into bricks in the state in which it arrived from the blast WH. WEIEEEBAD, Freas., furnaces. In the earlier attempts the sand 517 W. 15th St. had to be prepared in a fine state, the re New York. | sult being a superior class of bricks, but of a cost so great as to exclude them from the market. It was, therefore, necessary to design and construct brick presses and other machinery that could work the sand, as it came from the slag-sand machines, directly WHITEHEAD BROS, AMERICAN FACING CO. various periods, great care in mixing the lime in fixed pro ae eee portions to the sand—too much lime tending rertene as — nt : to burst the bricks, while too little seriously * affects the hardening. The next product to be described is the] ening follows closely in proportion to the quantity ‘ combined, and that the slag cement under goes a similar change to that which takes place in Portland or Roman cements. That other chemical changes take place there seems also to be no doubt, but what these changes are the author leaves it to wiser heads From this it seems certain that the hard if water which becomes chemically © 4 es into bricks. The success of this machinery powder, and carefully dried by keeping them pan ow ¢ at once rescued the Cleveland Slag ( om for several hours at a temperature of 212 — Sj s pany from an early collapse, but not before | F., so as to evaporate every particle of free - aA 2 a large amount of money had been spent| mechanically mixed water. A very careful A = and some two years wasted. A description | determination of the ch mically combined ™ coc 2 of this machinery is given further on; but, | water was then made, with the following in , <= 7 3 in designing the press, the following points | teresting results on > . Z had to be kept in view, viz.: Unusual depth COMBINED WATER cs a * of brick molds, as the sand (being spongy) Four days in wat Six days in wate1 et z, s is exceedingly compressible ; great pressure, | Portland Roman P rtland Roman, co & = in order to consolidate the slag, as well as % 253 . o a e Seven days in water = > & > <= ~ o = - manufacture of what is called slag cement The word cement has sometimes been ob- jected to in connection with this material, because it is generally manufactured in a wet state, and must be used within a few hours after being made. Upon this point it should be mentioned that, in point of strength, TIN & ROOFING PLATES Metals, Black and Galvanized Sheet Iron, Kron. NEW YORK. OGDEN & WALLACE, A. B. Warner & Son, Successors toGAM’L G. SMITH & CO IRON & STEE ey 85, 87,89 &.91 ELMST., N. ¥. MIDVALE STEEL WORKS. A full assortment constantly on hand of Cast, Machinery, Tool, Spring, Tire, Sleigh Shee, Toe Calk, Plow and Blister Steel. Orders solicited for Steel Tyres and Axles, Steel F ‘or gings and Castings. PIERSON & CO, Established 1790, 24 & 26 Broadway, 77 & 79 New St. NEW YORK CITY, 28 & 29 West and 52 Washington Sts. Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops. | Ulster Iron. All Sizes and Shapes kept in Stock. ABEEL BROTHERS, r TOW Iron Merchants, 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. ULSTERIRON : A full assortment of all sizés constantly on hand. Refined Iron, Horse-Shoe Iron, Common Iron, Band, Hoop and Scroll Iron, Sheet Iron, Norway Nail Rods, Norway Shapes, __Cast, Spring and Spring and Tir Tire © Steel, ete. ete. A. R. Whitney, Manufacturer of and Dealer in IRON, 56, 58 & 60 Hudson, as, 50 & 62: Thomas ana NEWYORK, 12, 14416 Worth Sts., Oar specialty is in Mianufacturing Iron Used in the Con- struction of Fire-Proot Buildings, Bridges, &c. Plans and estimates furnished, and contracts made for erecting Iron Structures of ever description. Books containing cuts of all Iron made sent on ap- plication by mail. Sample pieces at office. Please address 568 Hudson Street, BORDEN & LOVELL, Commission Merchants 70 & 71 West St., IW my, Border | New York. m. N. Lovell, § Agents for the sale of Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, Bands, Hoops & Rods. AND Borden Mining Company’s Cumberland Coals. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., IRON MERCHANTS Cor. Albany & Washington Sts., NEW YORK CITY. _M. H. WALLACE. B. F. JUDSON, Importer of and Dealer in SCOTCH AND AMERICAN Pie Iron, Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, OLD METALS. ser £388 Mauris} NEW YORK. DANIEL F. COONEY, Late of and Successor to Jas. H. — Ce.) | SS Washington St., BOILER PLATES and SHEET IRON, AP WELDED BOILER FI Boller Rivets, Angle & T Iron, Cut Nails ‘ foes, Agent y ft ig ttst wre in mn CX , Vinduet ro m We yes. Lebanon Ro'ling Mil Pine ire mm Works, Laurel Lro Works, The (ty: Ning Mills, at Je rsey C ity. P. W. GALLAUDET, Banker and Note Broker, Wa. BisPHaM. No Sand 5&5 Wall Street, | NEW YORK. HARDWARE METAI IRON RUBBER, SHOE, PAPER AN PAPER-HANGINGS, LUMBER, COAL AND PAII \D PAPER WANTED ADVANCES MADE ON BUSINESSS PAPER AND UTHER SE RITIES. BATES & DESPARD, | 117 PEARL STREET, N, ¥ STEEL RAILS. FU H MAKE |RAILWAY, PIG AND SCRAP IRON, | MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO, THE IRON AGE. ¥ron. NEW YORK. John W. Quincy, 98 William Street, New Yerk. Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, Wrought Scrap, Cut Nails, Copper, BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER, ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &c HARRISON & GILLOON IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 958, 560, 562 WATER ST., and 302, 904, 906 CHERRY S8T., NEW YORK, have on hand, and offer for sale, the {folowing Scotch and American Pig Ir roughty ‘Cast and Machinery Scrap Iron, Car S Whee i xles and Heavy yrrongnt Iron ; also, - Copper, ‘Composition, Brass, ewter, Zinc, OXFORD IRON CO., (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) Cut Nails SPIKES. J. 8S. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. - BURDEN’S © HORSE SHOES. “Burden Best” lron ¥ron. NEW YORK. IRON MERGHANTS, BOILER PLATE, Boiler Tubes, Angle, Tee & Girder Iron, Boller and Tank Rivets. Sole Agents for the celebrated “Eureka,” | Pennocks, “Wawasset,” Lukens, Brands of Iron. Alsoall descriptions of Plate, Sheet, and Gasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive iron. F Fire Box, Iron a specialty. ROME MERCHANT IRON MILLS, ROME, N. Y., Manufacturers of the best grade of | Scrolls, Ovals, Half Ovals, Half Rounds, Hexagon and Horse Shoe lron. Also from Charcoal P ig a superior duced by’ Iron bednded J.G. All puddled balls re uced 4 reer Orders may he sent to the Millor to J. rE ENT ER, our Agent, at 59 Jonn Mereets, wow MARSHALL | -LEFFERTS, 90 Beekman St., New York City, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER, Galvanized Sheet Iron, Ist and 2d Qualities, Galvanized Wire, hg and Fence ; Galvanized oop and Bana Iron alvanized Rod and Bar Iron H Galvanized Nails, Galvanized Chain, Galvanized Iron “CORRUGATED SHEET IRON For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted. Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common SHEET IRON. Plate and Tank Iron, ,C H No. C H No. 1 Flange, Best Flange, Best Fiatige Fire Box, Circles. BOILER IRON Stamped and Guaranteed. All descriptions of Iron Work Galvanized or Tinned to order. Price list and quotations sent upon application. W. BAILEY LANG, Sole Agent In United States & Canada for LOW-MOOR IRON COMPANY, YORK. Boiler Rivets. Burden Iron Works, H. Burden & Sons, NO. 50 BEEKMAN ST., NEW JAMES WILLIAMSON & co.) — oy NY SCOTCH AND AMERICAN U L Ss T Ee oa PIG IRON, BURDENS No. 69 Wall St., New York. ULSTER IRON WORKS, 18 Wall St., New York. H.B.& S. Bar Iron. Also Best Grades of ‘American & English Refined Iron. All sizes and shapes in stock. Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co EGLESTON BROS, & CO.. ve NEW YORK CITY, | 267 Front St., ) Passaic Rolling Mill Co., — ysseraporT ROLLING MILL, PATERSON, N. J. lron Bridge Builders Elizabethport, N. J., And Manufacturers of Beams, Channels, Angles, TEES, , Merchant Iron, &C., &C. | swig w. RICHARDS & CO, | {mporters of and Dealers in Scrap Iron and Metals, 88 to 96 Mangin St., New York. W. S. MIDDLETON, Common and Refined BAR IRON, Fish Plates, Spikes, &c. Address, WATTS COOKE, Presid W. O. FAY EKW E ATHER, Treasurer. CARMICHAEL & EMMENS, 130, 1324134 Goder arOeN, New ¥ ak. ‘IRON AND STEEL BOILER PLATE Broker in Machinery & Iron, Agent for FORSTER’S CRUSHER & PULVERIZER, The best in market. S. MIDDLETON, 52 John St., N. ¥. Lap-Welded Boiler Tubes, &c., &c, Age nt pon Cole’ colebrated Cost Steel B