The Iron Age 1880-04-29: Vol 25 Iss 18

0, is ES 1683 ron ae ND fia. ket The Iron Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. eee oe Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Vol. XXV: No. 78. On the Structure of Cast Steel Ingots. Among those who have made the manu- facture of steel a subject of scientific study, D. Chernoff occupies a prominent place, and English and American metallurgists are much indebted to: Mr. William Anderson, of Erith, for performing the task of translat- ing his papers read before the Imperial Rus- sian Technical Society. Chernoff’s latest contribution to the metallurgy of stcel is an elaborate essay on the structure of cast-steel ingots, a translation of which has been pub- lished by the Institution of Mechanical En- gineers, from which we take the following : In view of the immense advantages which accrue from the facilities offered by the pro- cess of casting, every effort ought to be ne phe y made to detect and counteract causes lead ing to failure of producing good steel cast- ings. The chief defect isthe honey-combing, Caused partly by the presence of gas bubbles and partly by cavities due to contraction in cooling. Occasionally external cracks are developed, or the texture of the steel be- Comes sch as to prevent its use for cast ings. A thorough inquiry into these causes Must precede all attempts at improvement. Taking the simplest form—that of a cylin- drical ingot cast in a metallic mold—the the metal will, instead of being a solid mass, present a casting permeated by a number of Cavities, as shown in Fig. 1. Along the sur- faces in contact with the mold, many bub- bles penetrate into the body of the ingot more or less deeply, according to the circum- stances under which it was cast and the quality of the steel used, giving the exter- ual layer a spongy appearance. A large Cavity, having the shape of an irregular funnel, ig formed in the upper part of the ingot. This cavity penetrates deeply along the axis of the casting, and is sur- rounded by unsound metal. A certain thickness of metal included between the spongy crust and the porous heart, appears to be sound and compact. Under certain circumstances bubbles are not formed, but instead a needle-like, acicular structure, in dicated on the left of Fig. 1, is strongly de- veloped. An examination of the fractured surface shows that the acicular layer con- sists of a conglomeration of irregular pris- moidal bodies, arranged at right angles to the sides of the ingot, as shown in Fig. 2. The cohesion between the prismoids is not great, so that ingots having this structure break up with comparative ease, fracture taking place along the facets of the prisms and presenting a dead, silvery hue. Fig. 18. | Within the circular layer comes one of more or less pronounced granular structure, composed of irregular many-sided grains (see Fig. 3), having a dead silvery color very similar to that characterizing the sur- faces of the prismatoids. Within this layer follows the compact metal having a brilliant ! solid fracture, and then comes the porous | | portion, which becomes more open as the core of the casting is approached. The blow-holes contained in the outer crust of steel ingots deserve careful atten- tion. Steel cast into a mold commences im- | mediately in cooling to evol ve minute bubbles | of gas, which adhere to the first particles of | ‘etal solidified at the sides of the mold. These grow rapidly by the influx of gases from the metal surrounding them, and as the thickness of the solidified layer increases, | the augmentation in volume of the layer | bubbles must occur largely in a direction perpendicular to the sides. In this way the form of the bubble may vary in accordance New York, Thursday, April 2 |shown in Fig. &. | does not cease until the entire solidification with the varying rate at which the bubble grows in volume compared to that at which the thickness of the solid layer increases. It will assume the shape shown in Fig. 4, if the former is more rapid; that of Fig. 5, if the rate of both is approximately equal, and that of Fig. 6 if the setting of the steel goes on very rapidly, the latter case being very rare, however. M. Chernoff states that the best method to arrest the formation of these blow-holes in the outer crust is to cast the steel hot. Steel of a certain temperature will give sound castings in a sand mold, while it makes a porous ingot in a metallic mold, An extremely interesting experiment which has been frequently repeated, namely, that of pouring moderately hot steel into a mold half metallic and half lined with sand, always gave ingots porous in contact with | i THE STRUCTURE OF CAST STEEL INGOTS. the metallic mold, and perfectly sound on the side next to the ganister lining. Fig. 7 represents an actual section of such an in-, got reduced to one-fifth of its natural size. By solidification of the upper surface the free gases cannot escape, and they collect | | under the crust, acquire considerable tension and arrest the further formation of blow- holes. Butif the crust is weak, the gases break through it, the pressure is suddenly relieved and a fresh evolution of gas takes place, accompanied by the formation of a | second row of bubbles, chiefly in the upper portion of the casting, the effect being clearly shown by asharp line of demarkation The evolution of gases of the ingot, and there are, therefore, many blow-holes in the upper portions of the ingots. Even in Whitworth compressed steel these defects are exhibited by the ingots if the pressure ceases before the central portions 9, I880. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. SL°50 a Year, Including Postage. Stngle Copies, Zen Cents. of the casting have set, or if the plunger! more prevalent with the harder varieties of cannot follow the shrinkage of the steel, because its movement is arrested by solidifi- cation of the other portions of the ingot. Figs. 9, 10 and II represent a 3-ton com- pressed ingot, 2114 inches in diameter and 5 feet 7 inches long, which was pressed for three-quarters of an hour, while later ex perience has taught that one hour and a quarter is necessary in order to produce sound work. While the blow-holes of the outer layer generally present a clean, silvery appear- ance, the contraction cavities of the top part of the ingots are found to be covered with minute crystalline growths, an enlarged view of a group of which, taken from a 27- ton ingot, is given in Fig. 12. These crys- tals are of the skeleton or discontinuous type, and occasionally a twin arrangement, such as that shown in Fig. 13, is observed. This last crystal, which is shown 140 times |enlarged, was taken from the contraction |cavity of a 5-cwt. ingot. From the pres- ence of these crystalline structures it is safe to conclude that the setting of steel does not take place by the uninterrupted addition of smooth layers, but by a continued growth of discontinuous crystals in a radial direction from the cooling surfaces of the mold toward the center of the ingot. There is much analogy in the setting of steel and of ordi nary cast iron, and there is danger, there- fore, of the production of planes of weak ness similar to those well known in iron castings. It should be added that crystalline forms like that shown in Fig. 14 are also found in cast-iron contraction cavities, which points to a similarity of origin of the struc- ture of both. M. Chernoff sates that these peculiarities of the structure of the sides of contraction cavities are more marked and steel. The chemical composition of these crystals does not vary from that of the body of the steel. When the metal is still hot and fluid the crystals form one solid mass by constant accessions from the still melted metal. When, however, toward the center of the ingot this supply ceases and the metal becomes viscid, the structure of the steel becomes more and more porous. Fig. 15 shows a portion of this central part. On the other hand, the more closely the crystals are packed together the quicker their branches grow, the more difficult it becomes for the metal to flow to the crystals in the course of formation, notwithstanding that the steel remains very fluid. This state of things exists during the solidification of the | external layers of an ingot casv in a metallic SANSA we oC oS AN WS Won “nay NNW QV ML CERN | mold, causing the formation of acicular outer layers, illustrated in Fig. 2, and in cross section they may be imagined to present, on an enlarged scale, an aspect like that of Fig. 16. , The weakness of cohesion between the prismatic crystals is the chief cause of the formation of external cracks during the cooling of the ingots, the number depending upon inequalities in the mold and the tem- perature of the metal. The surfaces of the cracks have a prismatic structure and the jimprints of discontinuous crystals may be | distinetly seen, as in Fig. 17, which repre- sents in full size the surface of a crack pro- duced in a bright red ingot, the central por tion of which was still fluid. It should be noted also that owing to a tension produced by unequal cooling uf the outer and inner layers, the cohesion of the crystals of the | latter is considerably affected. To this ten- | 8i0n is due also the granulated structure of the layer within the houeycombed skin, a — eer S , THE TRON AGE. April 29, 1880 _____ sietats, | sitet sactas ——— A M Ss oO N i A The P | u me & Atwood PHILIP L. MOEN, President and Treasurer. CHAS. F. WASHBURN, Vice President & Secretar BRASS & COPPER CO., No. 19 Cliff Street, Phelps Building, NEW YORK. MANUFACTURING CO, eel °, ao Established 1831, MANUFACTURERS OF ay iD \ ye ‘ | 7 ° 2 i Jol : & MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Waterbury Brass Co. CAPITAL, - - $400,000. Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, CERMAN SILVER, Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, COPPER RIVETS & BURS, BRASS KETTLES, Door Rail, Brass Tags, PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASES, Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &e. And small Brass Wares of every Description. Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty. Sole Agents for the Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- Mfg. Company, {WASHBURN & MOEN German Silver and Gilding Metal, Copper Rivets and Burs, Kerosene Burners, Lamp Trimmings, &c.| ogg ee \ IN Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms. PURE COPPER WIRE For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Phosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. ANSONIA yr REFINED INCOT COPPER. PHELPS, DODGE & CO. 80 Chambers Street, New York. 13 Federal Street, Boston. Z 109 Lake Street, Chicago. ii <5 iS eee aaa Lae Rolling Mill, | Factories, MANUFACTURERS OF THOMASTON, Ct.| WATERBURY, Ct. seiieietemeeeen ale - IRON and STH ETI. WBIRE rl geport rass 0,, Patent Steel Barb Fencing, Patent Steel Wire Rale Ties. ? WIRE RODS of all Grades; Round Iron, Rivet quality, 316 in. to In. cut to any 1 ATENT CONTINUOUS ROLLING MILL, producitig Iran and Beect Wik sive Operators of the c coils of 100 pounds, without SEAM Or WELD. Patent Galvanized vielegraph Wire, Market ana Stone Wire ; Rope, B ; ° sae ing Goods and Wood’s Paper IMPORTERS OF . NU URERS OF ME Shot Shells. _—— , Annealed Fence ana Grape qvein long lengths ; Coppered Pail-Bail Wire ridge, Bolt, Screw, Rivet, Buck] i and Chain Wire. re for the manufacture of Card Clothing, Hedd! > : “ering Cote kia DEPOTS: Mille At Sheet and Roll Brass, Sarat oom we and Tipaee: jated Wire of all sizes. A specialty ts inade of Clock, Machiners “Gan Besa es Y ire, efine re to Pattern for particuiar pu rote nodes and Any grade of Wire furnished, Annealed, Brignt, Polished, Coppered, Galvanized or Tin Placed OrWice faeatetod- ° ied, TIN PLATE, ROOFING PLATE, Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zinc, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. 296 Broadway, New York, WATERBURY, 189 Eddy St., Providence, R. I. Conn. Manhattan Brass Co.,, Manufacturers of Olmsted Patent Oilers, Prior Patent Oilers Broughton Patent Oilers, Brass, Tin & Zine Oilers, ‘ ' Straigntened and Cut to any length. Se > e " Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, Wire. Steel Wire for Springs, eeeeL cr bane Meret Steel Wire bene a toce arivaled Steel Music St. Louis Warehouse, 802 North 2d St. St. German Silver Metal and Wire, | WAREHOUSE, 21 Cliff Street, New York, Shistagu Wasehnmnee? S02 Nort Copper and Iron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, { LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Clocks & Fly Fan Movements. | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS, Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and Sheet Brass, Brass Wire, Copper Wire, Copper Rivets, CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. Brass Tubing, Brass Butt Hinges, Zinc ae ot a ao mand age Metal Goods. ws i " ° 1 A vs SCcCOoVi LL M FC co ® ay Sigg view Setteaes, Conn. 19 ureme a... ¥. —— Fire Sets, Fenders, &¢.. | ————————_——— Harrison Wire Company, ST. LOUIS, MO. BRASS BLANKS AND TUBES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION TO ORDER. OFFICE AND WORKS, Ist Ave., 27th to 28th Sts., New York, THE NEW HAVEN COPPER C0., BRASS, HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. —_———_——. BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. —--+>——_. Taos. W. Fitcn, Cuas, FisH, Prest. and Treas. Secretary. y _— "“g i a / SS \ 2 ~ >>, xP — Pas So " o ‘ ra he ) Se) i] 3 MANUFACTURERS OF All kinds of DEPOTS, FACTORIES, Qa 4196421 Broome St. Y, Watery Come. | 256 Pearl Street, New Vork. | [RON & STEEL WIRE | ==emeexcte= —— EEE 183 Lake St.. Chicago. New York City. Manufacturers of and Dealers in pm NATIONAL WIRE & LANTERN WORKS, Warehouse. 45 Fulton St, N. Y. nIPKRERCON VAN : ; "ARD ” = —_—" DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO., Braziers’ & Sheathing Wire Mill Specialties. Manofactarers of Brass, Copper & Iron i, Ba sortacsominy A Whe Cloth mporters of ee | Iron Wire Bolting Cloth, Ship and Ratliroad Lanterns, Signal Lights, Conduc- h H d tors’ Lantern, Adjustable Globe Hand Lantern, Desk & Office R ili Holmes, Boot & ay ens, Coal & Sand Screens, Nursery Fenders & Spark Guards, Ornamental Wire wens’ WATERBURY, CONN. ine COPPER. haa WORKS ROEBLINC’S | Kettle Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, Rivets, Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, Wire, Zinc, Etc. 29 & 31 Cliff St., cor. Fulton, uuw rom, me DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool, NEW yorK.| Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, &c. | 49 chambers St. i Seca __New York Office Manufacturers of al! kinds of - AND Warehouse Established 1837. Incorporated 13876. WATERBURY MFC. CO., WATERBURY, CONN. BRASS GOODS. A. C. NORTHROP, Waterbury, Conn., NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GO8DS FOR HARDWARE TRADE. Brass, Copper & German Silver, | ™*"*7°% ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. H. Je A117 Liberty Street puAss s COPPER WIRE, THE JOHN A, ROEBLING'S SONS CO, Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS & IRON WIRE ROPE! o.ivanzey .|Lron and Steel ‘ JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. | | Steel and Copper | Telegraph Wire, WIRE German Silver Spoons, : Hoisting Purposes of all Market Wire, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, |tinas, "for werrics, stays,| Kerosene Burners, &c. a Vineyard Wire. Buckle Wire, Spring Wire Suspension Bridge Cables, Rivet Wire, &c., &c, , JOHN DAVOL & SONS, GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. Agents for "corer si, tan, to, IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE Ingot Copper, Spelter, Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals. | For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &c. 100 John Street, N. Y. be - CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND, PASSAIC LI e C0. Address, HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesharre, Luzerne Co., Pa. AND ALL FINE WORK, ri Albany Sand a Specialty, w = | — = Galvanizers & Brass Founders. | ~ MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'IAgents |= I fj lj Fi i} B y . AC NGS = j <—=rc w Lil ce Lo. Market Wire, Fence Wire Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, Wrought Iron and Brass Machine Screws; Turned, Hexagon, Round and Square Head Cap and Set Screws; Brass and Iron Safety ana Jack Chain; Gilt, Nickel Plated and Bronze Trimmings of all kinds. from Sheet Iron, Steel or Brass. Estimates on patented articles, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and promptly given. decane JAMES HALL, Treasurer. E. HANSON, Secretary. ABRAM 8. HEWITT, President. WM. HEWITT, Vice President. 7 TRENTON IRON COMPANY, (INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, NEW JERSEY, MANUFACTURERS OF IRON and STEELWIRE Manufacturers of Pure Spelter FOR Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes OF ALL CRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED; Iron and Steel Wire Rods; EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths. Represented in New York by COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 17 Burling Slip. BRODERICK & BASCOM, MANUFACTURERS OF Shove!s, Riddles, Brushes, d&c. WHITEHEAD BROS, WM. WHITEHEAD, Treas., 617 W. 15th St. AMERICAN FACING CO. sow York. A HUNTER’S tosis SIFTERS. a Geo. W. Prentiss & Co., HOLYOKE, MASS., MANUFACTURERS OF IRON gq WIRE. Miawer, Scoop, Measure, Weigher, Fgg Beater, Rice W asher, Tomato, Pumpkin, Starch, Wine and Fruit strainer. eatest combination known, and pronounced by press and public the only Sifter in the worid. Made better, of be.ter stock, sifts much faster, and ves more material than all other Sifters Made in two sizes: No. 1, 3 pts; NO. 2.5 Lilx : it discount to the trade. Please mention this paper, and send for Illustra ce List J, M. HUNTER & CO., Sole Manufacturers and Owners, 38 W. Fourth St., Cincinnati, Ohie. vf} i » hs ee tt) RRS nib Bae te i ‘ee fi { Grigns, Doppered, Annealed and Tina | | 7 ated. AloGUN SCREW WIRE. | Tie Schmieg tiga, 4- WOOL GRISWOLD,” ay WIRE RAILING WIRE ROPE. WIRE RO PE, Menutiainesie t n ma ae AND SOLDER TYPE Ornamental Wire Works. _ y 3 DUFUR & CO, j ' Stereotype, Electrotype and Babbitt Metals, “AT IL ee Bs |. No. 36 North Howard St., Baltimore. B00 N. Main St., St. Louis, Mo, Importers of Block Tin, Antimony, &c. Refiners of ? Manufacture WIRE RAILING for Cemeteries, Balco Lead, Spelter, &c. Highest price paid for Oid Metals } nies, &c.; w eves, ances, Cages, Sand ant ee ~~, and au kinds of Dross. 528 ana 530 East 20th Screebs, oven re ron Bedsteada 4 Street, between Avenues A & B, New York. . TROY, N. ¥. Betives, &c, : ‘ pr des destinati solicited, An A gene Nails kep| made pr WwW, E.c S. W. F. Pl. R, Dea Tin P and exclu WIRE, in tone Wire, ret, Buckle ring Wire, Screw and way Iron, furnished, el Music a 2d Set, St. e Cloth, Jonduc- tiddles, » Fence, Office use | Street ), stiee! .e Wire n Wire, ig Wire, ABes th St. w Work. RS. q Tomato, ic the only “faster, and nts ; NO. 2.5 Por illustra vners, iti, Ohie. ING Vorks. itimore- eries, Balco i da Coal id Chairs, THE IRON AGE. 3 LY April 29, 1880. : | Cc J La FR a ck TA A < > ES IN | tact which M. Chernoff has proved also ex- | he consum eee arden produce, he | perimentally ‘ig. 18 represents the frac ist » to it ! mor oug STEEL ee ee, : we of au hizhly. raneiated rng ; a sas Shapers ror st e z wi | . a aigaly Ere ate got, one o 1 anta him with 1 ocea nal reminder. a RE forall purposes and STEEL SPRINCS of every description. | crains of which is shown magnified seven | His “dollar” is a cheat and a fiction, and if ‘A Zs | times in Fig. 19 he comes out at the { an 4 n ‘ ne g. ‘ ‘ les out he end of vear without S io Ihe methods of overcoming the imperfec- finding the store a lit thead of him in | = > mS r tions in steel castings may be arranged under the matter of | nce due, he has ‘‘ saved” —i ~ the following heads : himself for t eal Ronn taétone 3 = : if f ha i | ! fattens .-=: > S Sy I. Without altering the system of casting, | its owner, tl tore mak in the place. 0. LINDEMANN & CO., S58 : | to limit the ingots to the simplest forms and| This is a sketch of tho store system at its . "y — = P< S to work out the required shapes by meat best; for the worst i st inspect the Ly Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of | as S S S of hammers and rolls. Michigan mining d to which Mr. | 2) bs Ss 2. To subject the steel, during the process. Tilde I ht er 3. test if he would ° : ® — i NG : * ” p! loll Mil l ] 1a} . il fi \V lit Spring Brackets for Bird Cages, | Fos S S $ of setting, to heavy pressure; although the certain dist: in the S h. some in Penn- And manufacturers of the largest variety of as S RS S simplest forms of ingots only can be used, sylvania and scattered ones elsewhere The —— a S Ss | and forging and hammering must be resorted | effects of t m are obvious. Its profit- Japanned, Brass and Jin-Plated Bird | Boas to to produce the shay required iblen f I tis as , — ee . - e® snapes ea, ableness ) i ny vVho works 1 Ss & =e in this Country. | ) 2 3. To use chemical magnets in order toar- if he were permi i to cut his bank notes Catalogues furnished to the trade. 4 rest the formation of gases, and thus to ob- into halve vl irters, each piece being 254 Pearl Street, New York, tain castings of the most varied forms and 1 ivable i note ; the effect upon | Market Steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. dimensions in ordinary sand or metallic the empl 1,1 ever not measured by P Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. molds. that illustration They must not onl pay or « i i lit 2 a } | 4, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, « e « e a NEW YORK, In regard to the first method little need be | exorbitantly for what they want. but must said, the imperfection of the drawings re-| take what t not want; improvidence lating to some experiments made by M | is bred in them by discouragement; their ‘6 55 Chernoff rendering them obscure As far | manhood irivels, and th | me mere A L & ‘ A L F LO C K ivi i C C O as the second is concerned, the Whitworth dependent the ‘an neither help them- y rrocess of compression is discussed More | selves where tl ‘ . ste esources > * I | ; ee I 1e1 I i nor mu ri irces AND Off recent developments with Capt. Jones’s| enough to get awa t is hardly an extrav i | ‘thod, as practiced at the Edgar Tho acant ficure to | them s] , r me a, ] a 1 vagal 1om- | agan re to call them slaves éé 55 ce and Wo ks, STAM FORD, CONN, son Works and elsewhere, have placed a Section 553 Revised Statutes prohibits A N D A R D SALESROOMS, _— method at the disposal of steel manu making o1 paying out any ¢ he ‘ k or memoran- oe } acturers. In the third class the Terrenoire| dum intended to be used rrency, and ai a a Si ass enoi l t l e used as currency, ant 563 Chambers St.. NWew Y¥ orl. process assumes a prominent place. Mr./ for an ar int less than 3 Other than 3G Pearl St. Boston | Holley’s elaborate paper on the subject | this, we recall no United States law bearing S SOG 1 F > % : ‘ makes further data unnecessary. upon th ubject But it ippeal that at * => » Commerce Ste. E hiladelphia. P In conclusion, we may mention a sugges tempts to reach the evil have been made in | tion thrown out by M. Chernoff referring to| some States. A bill was recently before the . ane ; ; = a = ; a means of preventing the formation of blow New Jersey Senate to abolish the order sys- ' | holes and of acicularand granular structure. | tem and forbid any deduction by employers ROWN BROTHERS Stanle Rule & Level Co ? "AC" Ss He says: ‘If, during the pouring of an in-| for debts from the cash earnings of work ‘ e9 FACTORIES, | got the mold were caused to rotate at con-| men A store order for one cent, payable siderable velocity, then the discontinuous | in 10 years, issued by a glass-blowing con- MANUFACTURERS OF New Britain, Conn, crystals tending to form at right angles to| cern in a southern county, was exhibited, 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Waterbury, Conn. A} ’ ys Improved < the sides would not be in a condition to de-| and the peculiar form was explained as be- Manufacturers of velop so rapidly as if the mold were at rest,| ing an attempt to evade a law passed last Carpenters’ WAREROOMS, | and the steel would set in smooth layers of | year. The bill was amended so as to permit 99 Ch b St amorphous structure. A perfectly sound deductions for debts ** voluntarily * econ- T am ers SI casting would be produced, which would not tracted by laberet : and in that form, ob- j ools. New York, oe hammering or pressure. No ex-| viously, it might as well have bee n laid in periments appear to have been made to test | the waste basket as passed. rhe store sys- Manufacturers of Bailey’s Patent Adjustable PI . $ d ' anes, Se “Sree ” . General Agents for the sale of Leonard Bailey & Co.'s ** Victor Planes,” this idea, — The ao = voluntary,” and yet it is not. a 1e workman is free not to accept labor on GERMAN SILVER, Manufacturers of ** Defiance”? Patent Adjustable Planes, P is e not e = a — : such conditions, just as anybody is free to , . —<—- Labor and the Store Syste -. In Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, This Advertisement is Changed Every Week, e e System. as — the es he can a : | ji iether legisiation ought to make the Rivets and Burs, Etc. | D. G. GAUTIER, Chairman, D, J, MORRELL, Treasurer. CHAS, DOUGLASS, Gen’! Supt. si . : ss ' attempt, and whether it can successfully ALSO I he New York Times, in an editorial on| make it, to intervene and change the ; . this subject, says : ors laborer’s circumstances, is a question we § amless Brass & Co er Tubin One of the worst practical evils in the) are not prepared to answer aftirmatively ; e pp ° ‘ ; | ge relations between capital and la-} vet the problem is either to change the em- aot 8 | bor, and one to which the champions of | }) , * } oe ‘ — ~ 33 AND COPPER I loyer’s heart so that he will voluntarily re- alu nom oe pen Hee . = ie the latter might wisely give more attention, Sees i system w h ch mualtiolies his gains SE JERS, w e : 20 8. : etn j santa a sj vhi g a ane MAKERS OF is the device of attaching an employer's) or else to so arrange circumstances that the store to the manufactory. It is by no means | |abhorer shall have work for cash within his PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANK, a commonly found system—for it could| peach. The State cannot proceed indefinite- never obtain a foothold in cities and large | jy jn ameliorating individual condition. The | TER-PLA "LA LE WARE, in rich eek ee ee towns, where the wholesome rule of regular | ¢y;] is far mere obvious than the remedy ; cash payment of wages, as fast as earned,| we only present it as one fit for the exer- GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. prevails—but it flourishes in back districts, tions of economists and all who wish to where the ancient and thoroughly mis-| mediate between labor and capital ‘*chievous ‘ credit” habit of dealing still ; Those of us who passed our boy —— pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. lingers. POP E 4 co LE & Co. hood in country towns may remember how | : : ; : almost invariable was the practice to| Recent Experiments in Foundry Pig. ‘charge it,” and to settle occasionally, or | cues never, and how constant were the inquiry | P : 5 and guess whether such and such a person| Prof. Ledebur, of the Freiberg School of was ‘‘ good;’ also that loss by bad debts Mines, well known as acareful investigator, quite recently concluded a series of s was a considerable factor in the calculations | has : For Manufacture of S rin S &c and results of the country trader. This | searches in various grades of foundry pig 5 ’ ® practice—born of the fewness of banks, | which are of direct interest to American t they hed some scarcity of circulating money, and slowness | consumers of pig iron, as the nature of a well- No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., ALSO, ALL GRADES OF of communication—lingers yet in districts | additional light on > Seotch pig. Besides, his where these conditions comparatively pre known brand of . they ve always on hand and for sale Have always vail, and particularly where production is| experiments claim attention because INGOT COPPER confined almost exclusively to a single in-| permit valuable general conclusions. The + 9 terest. The custom of yearly or semi-yearly | chief requirements of good foundry pig are 1 settlements with purchasers is made the ex that it can be worked easily with tools s | ; } ! little, fills the Also Cakes, of unequalled purity and toughness, , | cuse for a tacit understanding under which| When cast, that it shrinks employees have no right to demand pay mold well and shows little tendency to dis- . oa snts at shorter ervals, althoug! all | solve gases, hese rroperties are depen- Wrought iron Fence wo R K S; J 0 H N STOWN, P E N N. aan ol See aaa eee pe - a aa aan the on ‘ La a ‘ comet age ° and charged upon account. The extent of | centage of graphite, and the separation of | Our specialty. Also Eastern Warehouse, 93 John $t.. N, Y. Phila, Warehouse, 505 Commerce St. this concession varies with different em- | carbon in that form is governed largely by Crestings, Finials and | ~~ . — - - ployees, and the tendency probably is to-| the presence of silicon But foundry pig : the requisite qualities, when sub- P - - ward a slow adoption of the full cash sys- | possessing WwW I Lu Lu I , NE Vo G Ee Lu ° tem. Store orders are dean to some ex-| jected to smelting in a cupola or a rever- . ’ | . . nl ° > ares Manufacturer of Plain and Stamped tent, but as they are fully or very nearly the | berating furnace, is subject to considerable equivalent of cash in purchasing power at | changes. The hardness is increased per- TINWARE, SEAMLESS BOXES, ROUND, OVAL AND SQUARE CANS |=sxhrersttel icy Ci i a dei venience which harms no one, unless in d: Vanes; Stable Fixtures, Hitching Posts, Door and Window Guards, Wrought Iron Grat- ings, &c. Address CLEVELAND WROUGHT Speci: “le : IRON FENCE WORKS Special Articles Manufactured of Sheet Metals. laying the adoption of the cash system, | to dissolve gases, is similarly affected. A , 41, 43 & 45 South 9th Street, Near the Ferries, BROOKLYN (E. D.), N. Y. Some of the largest manufacturers adopt | glance at the fracture of the remelted pig J, H. VAN DORN, NESRY J. VOGEL, LOUIS H. VOGEI stores on their own account, and they pay | Will show that the cause of these changes 1s ; — ——- = ———_——_ —- SNe SENSES ee ce probably nine-tenths of their wages both to} 4 decrease in tl percentage of rraphite. Proprietor, hands in the shops directly and to the many | The iron shows a finer grain and has become CLEVELAND, | others who do work in their houses, in| lighter in color, and, if the melting 1s 7 ALL weaved IB0N, Ohio, U. 8. A. | goods, the tacit, but quite distinct, under- | repeated, 1 rroOM | ird. brittle and standing being that employment is granted | white, being thus rendered unfit for foundry come ; eee on this condition. purpos Ph im} expedient generally . Money is paid sometimes in driblets, as a | adopted to overcome this diffi ulty in melting S. H, PAYNE, Freight Broker, favor, but this favoring has to be regulated | scrap, broken castin prues, &c., 18 to rich », and such grades with discretion lest the majority remonstrate | add_ pi Shipping, Insurance, Custom House & Forwarding Agent, : , ‘CK S rw VY , » favoriti 7 2 @ ovees are free | are, therefore, indisper ble to iron founders. No, 29 PECK SLIP, NEW YORK, U. 8. A. oh he Savoctuens. ‘The emaployecs are free | Sess! cant ¢ t! Gq i : if hi 1" r| | to demand money, and may get if, but the But, as the al niol pensive han ne joods received for re-shipment to all parts of | lr i hs ; \ yr y bi nat I] rable to : as Ww : at whe , vear’s | ordinary brand iturally desirable t the world. Insurances effected, Bills of Lading | | result ill be that he n the next ss 5 nts aan , roued furnished, and all matters relative to Exportation hiring comes around, the one who rebelled | limit the quant l It m Ye argue of merchandise carefully and promptly attended }at the system will be left outsid If a} that, as silicon indu the separation of car to ata savingin Freight and Socusinat charges. | | mi toe : ; wr ‘ nt ! tate. it: t pr e ad- > oe E 8. | minor is employed, cash may be paid during | SOD in the praphi t i prove a Entries of Goods made and all Custom House | < a p oe ¢ ant to ie runni n sili- work effectually done. Claims for overcharges of |minority ; when he marries and sets up| Vantageous | ee a Seen a ao freight collected free of charge. Rates of freight | housekeeping the store will get a depende: con, say as much a pel i Sucb 1s not — (amen Comeee) from ee —_ to | If, however, he boards, his landlord il} t case, however, i i\ 0 found that ues é n, covering charges, Correspondence j j t miit 2 . a g ges spondence | probably be a shopman—because thé hop beyond acertain limit, genera about 3 pel dominates and absorbs everything—and his | cent., the pre ice of sil 1 diminishes the | board can be credited to the landlord, to be | Capacity ot p to ap ear n,and that an |taken out in goods, The store keeper-em ex ot silicon acts Injurious!y upon the me rtics i « ! ! » that a — THE MONTOUR | ployer charges hisown prices. As a concs chanical proj sion to labor, he can advance the nominal | percentage giv 11.51 per cent., is & TEEL COMPANY |day’s wages 10 per cent., and can then | Hot regard vith tf s 4 ’ | dilute the currency in which he pays by It is a remarka fact that different Successors to Messrs. Waterman & Co., | é 8 a marking up his goods 15 per cent. ; he can brand | hay me p entage even make the Dutch storekeeper’s boast | 0! 1 and ty} lo act alike when Works at DANVILLE, PA, | 4 \ being remelt ne | ng their graphite | that he had just made a profit—by markin; 1el i |up his goods. If somebody wants granu- | and deteriorat re rapidly No reliable PHILADELPHIA, . M sbeenan lated sugar, when he keeps only brown or | experiment vain the Cause Of thls | Manufacturers and Importers of | A: if his prints are remarkable for ugliness | anomaly have | made, and Prof, Ledebur And all sizes of T and Street Rails. ODD SIZES TIN AND ROOFING PLATES jend soeainess ; if the workman finds all the | has, aide Herr Scheffer, of Sterkrad . | boots in stock a size too large or two sizes = hy BOOEUA ees , A general] assortment of Mine and Narrow-Gauge | | ll. th ra has uggest and —- kept on Rane, from which shipments can be Wholesale and Retail Dealers in S00 smAN, the sore | or" he eee ne d made promptly. wy . sda i no answer except that there is the stock. | ‘' t I bran W. E, C. COXE, President, Reading, Pa | REGULAR SIZES, SPECIAL SIZES, ODD SIZES, IRREGULAR | There is no competition, for the genera re s. W. INGERSOLL, Treas., Philadelphia, Pa. | ae 5 ; SIZES AND CIRCLES, | store ~ ~ —_ _ t has be on ari , n py op ; 4 u u : F. P, HOWE, General Supt., Danville, Pa. | in Plates for Every Conceivable Purpose. | cckeidierting /~ 1 a - stores in he aoe | Please write to us when wanting any information whateve in P Ss} pRUCEIDg Ree? Eero 3s OO Cess : ” os > ae g any information whatever on Tin Plates, Metals, Sheet Iron, &¢. | currency is literally what inflationists want sider it valuable because it remains gray a1 1 : 7 VW all American money to be—non-exp il solt na t melted 4 “~ | = ~ | Te al . o . R. SELLEW & CO. | N. & G. A LOR CO The store resists yielding of mon for it | cau t shri t , ey | has goods ; it will not give orders to ex- | in I i Dealer in METALS, | ; as goods; it will aot give orders to bo ex- nu of avers Wie Prot ’ Established 1810, PHILADELPHIA. pended elsewhere, for it has goods, and its | Ledebur thus fairly aud fully wekn eo Tin Plate, Sheet Iron, Copper, &c. | goods are not receivable for goods at other | its good qual ding to his experience, it does not SAINT LOUIS. places. The employee must live on the | acc store—and let it live on him, For almost all | serve its reputation of being uailorm, 60 lag ne am = a= we eS =. “ter ~ “ < . of THE LTRON AGE. April 29, 1880, eon. / Xvon. Xvow. Kron. Evon, NEW YORK. NEW YORK. - _ NEW YORK. PITTSBURGH. PITTSBURGH. OGDEN & WALLACE, Muccessors toGAM’L G. SMITH & CO IRON & STEEL, 85,87,89 & 91 ELMILST., N. ¥. AGRNTS MIDVALE STEEL WORKS. A full assortment constantly on hand of Z, B. Warner & & Son, John W. Quincy, lf ON MERG HANTS, | Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, BOILER PLATE, Wrought Scrap, Cut Nails, Copper, | BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER. ANTIMONY, sina &e Cast, Machinery, Tool, Spring, Tire, Sleigh | | Beller Tubes, Angle, Tee & Girder Iron, | — Shoe, Toe Calk, Plow and Blister Steel. Orders solicited for Steel Tyres and Axles, Steel Forgings and and Castings. PIERSON & CO., 24 Broadway, New York City. lron & Steel. COMMON & REFINED IRON, Hoops, Rods, Scrolls, Bands, Ovals, | Horse Shoe, Nail Rods, Steel, &c. Orders promptly filled from stock. ABEEL BROTHERS, Established 1765 by ABEEL & BYVANCK, Iron Merchants, 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. ULSTERIRON;: A full assortment of all sizés constantly on hand. Refined Iron, Horse-Shoe Iron, Common Iron, Band, Hoop and Scroll Iron, Sheet Iron, Norway Nall Rods, Norway Shapes, Cast, Spring and Tire Steel, etc. A. R. Whitney, Manufacturer of and Dealer in IRON, tones Thomas ana | NEWYORK. 12, 14416 Worth Sts Our specialty is in Manufacturiog Iron Used in the Con- struction of Fire-Proof Buildings, Bridges, &c. Plans and estimates furnished, and contracts made for erecting Ison Structures of every description. Books containing cuts of all Iron made sent on ap- plication by mail. c piasee address Sample pieces at office. se me +r BORDEN & LOVELL, Commission Merchants. 70 & 71 West St., tiny, Berdeth f — New York. Agents for the sale of Fall River Iron Co.’s Nails, Bands, Hoops & Rods. AND Borden Mining Company’s Cumberland Coats. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., IRON MERCHANTS Cor. Albany & Washington Sts., NEW YORK CITY. mu H. WALLACE. “ELIZABETHPORT ROLLING MILL, Elizabethport, N. J., Common and Refined BAR IRON, Fish Plates, Spikes, &c. Ww. Burman. Address, DANIEL W. RICHARDS & CO,, Importers of and Dealers in Scrap Iron and Metals, 88 to 96 Mangin St., New York. CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON | : ROOFING & SIDING, Skylights, Bridges, &e. MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO. 5 Dey Street, New York. ‘Houdlette & Ellis, ifacturers of and Dealers in BencainT BAR IRON, Homogeneous Steel and iron Boiler Plates. Sheet and Tank [ron bs vile xr, Tank and Safe Riv Be st Lap Welded Lron Boiler Tube Wrought Iron Girder, Deck, and Chann el Beams Anaie, T and Grooved an - Steel and Lron Forgings, Bessen ier Steel Cut Naus Genuine and Standard Bab bitt ¢ Metals, Crescent Brand Journad Bearings 19 te 31 Batterymarch Street, Boston. | “Eureka,” S| Iron Buildings, Roofs | y Shutters, Doors, Cornices, | | RAILWAY, PIG AND SCRAP IRON, Boller and Tank Rivets. Sole Agents for the celebrated HARRISON & GILLOON Pennocks, | | JRON AND METAL DEALERS, | 558, 560,562 WATER ST., and 902, 304, 306 CHERRY ST., “Wawasset,” Lukens, | NEW YORK have on hand, and offer for sale, the —— Brands of Iron. Alsoall descriptions of Plate, Sheet, Scotch and American Pig Iron, W Frowant Cast and and Gasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive | | Machinery Scrap Iron, Car-Wheels, Axies and Heavy | Wrought Iron; a. ~~ Copper, Composition, Brass, fron. Fire Box Iron a specialty. leet ewter, Zinc, & ROME MERCHANT IRON MILLS, I ay J din OXFORD IRON CO., Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops, Scrolls, Ovals, Half Ovals, Half Rounds, ae and Horse Shoe Iron. Also from Charcoal Pig a superior a quality of Iron branded J.G. All puddled balls re- uced by hammer. Orders may be sent to the Millor |to J. O. CARPENTER, our Agent, at 59 John | Street, New York. | MARSHALL _LEFFERTS, 90 Beekman St., New York City, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER. | Galvanized Sheet Iron, Ist and 2d Qualities. Galvanized Wire, Telegraph and Fence ; oer anized Hoop and Band Iron, Galvanized Rod and Bar Iron, (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) AND SPIKES. J. S. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. aos anized Nails, Galvanized Chain, Galvanized Iron 3 CORRUGATED SHEET IRON | -BURDEN’S | S For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted. Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common | SHEET IRON. . Plate and Tank Iron, C No, 1,C H No. 1, C H No. 1 Flange, Best Flange, | Best Flange Fire Box, Circles. BOILER IRON Stamped and Guaranteed. All descriptions of Iron Work Galvanized or | Tinned to order. | “Burden Best” “W. BAILEY LANG, lron Sole Agent In United States & Canada for LOW-MOOR Boiler Rivets. IRON COMPANY, NO. 50 BEEKMAN ST., NEW YORK. | Burden Iron Works, H. Burden & Sons, JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., SCOTCH AND AMERICAN | __Troy N.Y, | AND _No. 69 Wall St., New York. BURDEN’S ULSTER IRON acl B. & S. Bar Iron. 90 Broadway, New York. Also Best Grades of ‘American & English Refined Iron. Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co. All sues and abapes tn stock w. T. oe ‘EGLESTON BROS, & CO., Sole Agent for Foxell, Jones & Co., manufacturers of | 166 South St., ) NEW YORK CITY. __ 267 Fi Front: St., ye HOL eaianneeionent LOW WARE, | B. F. JUDSON, PIG IRON, Importer of and Dealer in 78 Beekman Street, New York City. | SCOTCH AND AMERICAN Passaic Rolling Mill Co, 2S EYOn, Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, lron Bridge Builders OLD METALS. And Manufacturers of ¢ | 483 é Pt +4 yreter ee : NEW YORK. Beams, Channels, Angles, ae a —————__—__—__—_— THES, |W. 8. MIDDLETON, IRON, Merchant lron, &c., &c. | Railroad, Mining and fclindiie Supplies, New York Office, Room 45, Astor House. Machinery, Hardware & Tools, 52 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK. PATERSON, N. J. WATTS COOKE, President. W. O. FAYERWEATHER, Treasurer. | Room < CARMICHAEL & EMMENS , Sans os Glengarnock and Carnbroe lron & Steel Boiler Plate, SCOTCH PIG IRON Lap Welded Boiler Tubes, &c., &c. : |130 & 132 Cedar Street, New York. Agent for Otis’ celebrated Cast Steel Boller Plates, The For spot delivery and for prompt or forward “HIUGH W. ADAMS, shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, aia aes Baltimore or New Orleans. FOREIGN AND AMERICAN For sale in lots to suit by JAMES LEE & CO., | Sole Agents for the United States, 72 Pine Street, New York. Estimates furnished for all kinds of Iron Work. 56 PINE STREET, D. L. COBB NEW YORK, CUT NAILS Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. FULLER BROTHERS &CO., 139 Greenwich Street, New York. W. D. WOOD & C0’S A. G. HATRY, Commission Merchant. Bar, Sheet, Tank, Boiler, Angle, T, . and Raitlroad Iron, And Railroad Equipment. Nails & Spikes Steel & R. R. Supplies, WINDOW GLASS, GAS PIPE & BORAX. PITTSBURGH, PA. JUNIATA PATENT Planished Sheet Iron. Patented March 14th, 1865; April 8th, 1873 ; Sept. 9th, 1873; Uct. 6th, 1874; Jam, 11, 1876, Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, a -- yee | ROADSTER : ‘fe PATTERN. by all the principal METAL DEALERS In the Large cities throughout THE UNITED STATES. And at their Office, 111 Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. | = erate SNOW SHOES. Manufacture to order BEST REFINED CHARCOAL AND |, The only Snow Shoes in the market that abso- lutely prevent all balling and give universal satis- POLISHED SHEET IRON, | faction. Taggers Iron and Bessemer Steel Plate, Improved Snow Shoe — in quality and size to suit the wants of consum- ers. Also Best Charcoal Terne Plates in Special Standard Sizes. ¥%X7-16, 11-16X7-16, 4%x7-16, 13-16K7-16, %X7-16, Sizes, from 10x17 to 20x30 See oO. Box an Pitteb prope answered. 15-16X34, 1X34, 1 1-16K14, 1 1-8X%. Works at Demmler, “Allegheny Co., Pa. STEEL TOE CALKS, Eastern Sales “ ents: Pitteba rket st., Phila. SHOE irgh, ELY & WILLIAMS, 4") John st X.Y. NBERGER & CO., Co EA NE [Portsmouth ron and Steel Co., Dealer in | IRON and STEEL..| CAYLORD ROLLING MILL Co., Old Rails, Wheels, Axles, Springs, | Manufacturers of Scrap, Turnings, &c., Siemens-Martin (Open Hearth) PIG IRON, BLOOMS AND BAR IRO sutan ttcrem tte STEEL BOILER PLATE, ~~ €.A. von Bonnhorst. a A. Wilson, | Agricultural and Machinery Steel and Steel Tire. Also, Homogeneous Iron Boiler Plate R . A. Wi L S O N & C O., cee a Hoop and Sheet "eS eae PIG IRON, pikes, Fish Bars and Bolts. Office and Works : BLOOMS AND ORE, sc tewis, PORTSMOUTH, OFHIO. Pres’t and Gen’! Sup’ t. GEO. 8. LEWIS, ee a Treas. 88 Fourth ave., cor, Wood st., Pittsburgh. John |, Willams. Henry M. Long, Nathan M. McDowell ‘Bonnell. Botsford & | Co., {Keystone Rolling Mill iron, Nails & Spikes. Williams, Long & McDowell, | ‘cinema hine: Manufacturers of —— Agency of Merchant Bar and Skelp Iron, |": ™: HOGLUND’S SONS & CO., Stockholm, ‘Swedish & Norway lron of every description. Stock on hand at Boston, Office, No. 87 Water Street, | Sew. tort and Philadelphia. Importation orders » apecia Pittsburgh, Pa. | GUSTAF LUNDBERG, 38 Kilby st., Boston. Mill at Sono, Second Avenue, __' Front Street. ALBERT POTTS, Philadelphia Agent, 234 & 236 N. ZUG & CO.. Pittsburgh, Pa., Manufacturers of Wheeler's Iron & Steel Combination Shafting, Under license of the Combination Trust Co., Philadelphia. Sheets and Plates of all sizes, This Shafting is superior to any now on the market, and the attention of machinists is LEECHBURG IRON WoRKS. > - KIRK PATRICK & CO., Manufacturers of all grades of FINE SHEET TRonNns, (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel.) TIN AND TERNE PLATES, made with Natural Gas as tue). OFFICE, No, 116 Water St., Pittsburgh, Pa. WORKS, Leechburg, Pa. ANDREW KLOMAN, PITTSBURGH, PA., MANUFACTURER OF Steel and fron Structural Material particularly called to it and a trial orde or solic vite od. _ Pri ices furnished on on application. — —__—_—___—__—~___ EYE BAR BLANK AS IT LEAVES THE ROLLS. EYE BAR FINISHED FROM THE SAME Kloman Patent Solid Rolled Eye Be ars, fluished in Iron or Steel without welding or * upsetting.’ Universal Mill Plates of Iron or Steel. Stee) Rails of all sizes and patterns. Splice Bars SPECIALTY—Unusual shapes and sizes in Ste el or lyon; Angies, Tees and other structural shapes in Iron or Steel DANIEL FE. COONEY, Be Late of and Successor to Jas. U1. Pe & Ce.) N. 560 ovA: : POYNtoy) SS W a aiecanae St., BOILER PLATES and SHEET IRON,| “ey rd > WELDED BOILER FLUES, | € BROKER | RIN IRON ne Bol er ng A Angle & T Iron, Cut Nails & Spikes, % Agency for Pottstown Iron Co., Viaduct Iron Works Lebanon Rolling Mills, Pine Iron W orks, Laurel Ion {Oo WALL St, N rox 2. = Works, The Bergen Rolling Mills, at Jersey Cis* —— —— —— Sere AZ ARIIIT RA ATIINEP TRA: Freceecm mas R fitte Pric 1880. hat abso- sal satis- nes. 16, %x% cs. burgh, Pa. | Co., co., ATE, nd Rivets, Wrought Scar LEWIS, d Treas. Co., Kes, tockholm. lron at Boston, m orders & t., Boston. 34 & 236 N. ————$—$——$—— ting, a chinists is on. KS. burg, Pa. upsetting ; Bars al shapes 12 April 29, 1880. THE IRON AGE. 5 vot. PHILADELPHIA. Xron. a _____ PHILADELPHIA. Siemens’ Regenerative) HENRY LEVIS & Co., ’ Manufacturers’ Agents 5 For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and Sheet a General Railway “quipments. RICHMOND & POTTS, Old Rails, Axles, and Wheels bought and sold. 119 8. Fourth St.. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 234 8. 4th St., Philadelphia. sijeliadelaay pina cnislijapianiiaeaincaatata en eaaitinstaennisinil er sens The Gambria | d Steel Work 6 vambria iron an Eel WOrKS, Having enjoyed for over TWENTY YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality ef RAILS, have now an annual capacity of 100,000 Tons of Iron and Steel Rails, Splice Bars, &c. ADDRESS, CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, No, 218 South 4th Strect, Philadelphia, Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. Or LENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Pine St., N. ¥. THE PHCENIX IRON CO.., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of Wrought Iron Beams, Deck Beams, Channels, Angle & Tee Bars, STRAIGHT AND CURVED TO TEMPLATE, Largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels, Buildings and Bridges. WROUCHT IRON ROOF TRUSSES, CIRDERS & JOISTS, and all kinds of Iron Framing used in the construction of Fire Proof Buildings, PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, and built up shapes for Iron Bridges. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variely of SHAPE IRON made to order, Plans and Specifications furnished. Address DAVID REEVES, President. NEW YORK AGENTS, MILLIKEN & SMITH, 95 Liberty Street. BOSTON AGENTS, HOUDLETT, ELLIS & CO., 19 Batterymarch St, ALAN WOOD & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom PLATE ct SHEET IRON, No. 519 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. ‘ licited especially for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, Last. ss Terrain, Locwmotive Headlight and Jacket Iron. JAS. ROWLAND & CO., Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, 920 North Delaware Ave., - - PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of the Anvil Brand Refined Merchant Bar Iron, Also, the James Rowland & Co. Kensington Nails, cut from their Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel, Rounds, Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop Iron. Correspondence with Dealers solicited. PENCOYD IRON WORKS. ra. & P. ROBERTS & CO., +! . = Manufacturers of CAR ASPLES. BAR, ANGLE, TEE AND CHANNEL IRON. Office, No. 265 S$. Fourth St., Philade|phia. Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. FOUNDRY FACINCGS. MANUFACTURERS’ FOUNDRY SUPPLIES. GNVS ONIGINOW BITUMEN, GERMAN LEAD, SIEVES, MACHINERY SAND, AMERICAN LEAD, ANTHRACITE, SHOVELS, BRASS 6s GRAPHITE, CHARCOAL, BRUSHES, CHANDELIER ‘ PLUMBAG®, « MINERAL, CRUCIBLES, STOVE PLATE * J. W, PAXSON & CO. } sre, o:OZzEG% A BTORE ROOMS, ase, re ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILL COMPANY. Manufacturers of Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. General Office, 303 Walnut St., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa. JAMES C. BOOTH. THOMAS H. GARRETT. ANDREW A. BLAIR. BOOTH, CARRETT & BLAIR, Analytical and Consulting Chemists, 919 and 921 Chant St. (10th St. above Chestnut St.), PHILADELPHIA, PA. Established in 1836. Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys of all kinds. A special department for the ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, pliances for the rapid and accurate analysis of Iron Steel, Iron e Sands, &c, All analyses made by the members of the firm. fitted with all the apparatus and applis Ores, Slags, Limestones, Coals, Clays, Fir Price lists on application, Fron. xo. Edward J. Etti JUSTICE COX, Jr. IRON BROKER axp COMMISSION an JUSTICE COX, JR. & CO., 230 S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa, AGENTS FOR Pig, Bar and Railroad Iron. | Chickies, St. Charles, Montgomery OLD RAIL