The Iron Age 1880-03-18: Vol 25 Iss 12

# ES ia. Vol. XXV : No. 12. Notes on the Siemens Direct Process.* BY A. L. HOLLEY, There is a growing demand for pure and cheap material for fine open-hearth steel ; a material not only very free from phos- phous, but from carbon and silicon, so that it may be rapidly converted into steel. Iron and steel scrap are not trustworthy as to quality, and they are often dear. There are three methods of purifying cheap materials .for the open-hearth. 1 Mechanical puddling, as done at Creusot, which removes 90 per cent. of the phosphorus from pig iron. 2. Krupp’s washing process (the conduct and results of which I fully described in a for- mer paper), wuich eliminates 70 to 80 per cent. of the phosphorus and most of the sulphur and silicon from pig iron. Neither of these processes would sufficiently purify, for very fine steel, those very impure pigs which are cheapest in many parts of the United States. 3. The process of producing directly from the ore, an iron which is practically pure chemically, although mechanically mixed with the impurities of the ore. This is the oldest of iron processes ; one form of it, the Catalan forge, employed to produce charcoal blooms, is still in use, but its great cost is rapidly throwing it out of competition. Among the modern attempts to produce iron direct from the ore, on a large scale and at a cheap rate, several have been in various respects successful. Dr. Siemens’ process of treating a ton and a half or more of ore, and the coal to deoxidize it, ina rotating gas furnace, and bringing out, in some four hours, a ball of chemically pure iron, so soft that the fluid andimpure slag may be squeezed out of it, is the most attractive and the most highly developed of al] the modern direct processes. I have watched it, from time to time, since 1874, and have noted a steady improvement. It may now be said to have passed the experimental stage, although, like older processes, it must be adapted by practice to special materials. The cause which has been more potent than all others, including the defects of the best direct. processes, to bring these processes into disre- pute, is the wasteful treatment of the direct product, With one ortwoexceptions (when failure was due to other and obvious causes), the direct product has been made into wrought iron (weld iron), Even Dr. Sie- mens has, at Towcester, in England,’and at Park Bro. & Co.’s in Pittsburgh, set up his apparatus for this purpose. Is it likely that a commercial success would follow such con- ditions as these? Here is a red-hot ball of chemically pure iron, mixed with the unre- duced refractory sand and clay of the ore. It is not so soft that all the dirt-can be squeezed out, so it must be reheated till the materials it incloses are nearly melted. Then this pure iron mass, white hot for oxy- gen, is pulled out into the open air, ahale hammered, piled, reheated and rehammered, till about half of it is changed to ore again. If, on the contrary, this ball of direct metal is simply squeezed to expel the bulk of the uae fluid slag, which contains most of the phosphorus, and then quickly put under the bath in the open hearth furnace, no more oxidation can occur. The iron, being already hot, quickly dissolves, and the dirt, being released, floats on the surface by dif- ference of gravity. Hundreds of tons of direct metal made at Towcester have been sent to the open-hearth works at Landore, where it quickly melted in the open-hearth bath and made excellent steel, although the ores from which it was made contained about 2 per cent. of phos- phorus. The apparatus or “rotator” (illustrated by the engravings) consists of a revolving furnace, like a Danks furnace, lined with oxide of iron. Gas from producers and air from one pair of regenerators enter at one end of the furnace, burn and reverberate within it, and pass out at the same end into the other regenerator. There is a large charging and discharging door at the other end of the furnace. At Dr. Siemens’ Works, at Towcester, the small rotator, 9% feet long by 8% feet in diameter, takes a charge of 30 cwts. of ore mixed with 8 cwts. of small coal. In about 2% hours the reduction of the ore is com- pleted ; the slag is tapped off, and the heat and speed of rotation are increased to form the mass into an elongated ball, which is hammered into a bloom. An average of 43 consecutive charges at Towcester gave the following results : Iron in ore charge@Mibs.............+-se00-0: 1,274 PN eee oe. de pn dacn-eb Ah ws ohne 728 EL 5 a a kibacnnndacasoasese- 4ce 3-12 ORO MI Es san ccancccesacckéede'es biene 1,113 LOGE, POP COME. «00200: censccccesccccccccccesces 12.6 Coal in producers per ton of blooms, tons... 2 The particles of iron forming the blooms, if perfectly separated from the slag, are practically pure, however impure the ore may be. The slag contains sometimes 6 per cent. of phosphoric acid and one to two per cent of sulphur. The pure iron will alone remain in the open-hearth bath, although some few hundreths of phosphorus may be taken up from the slag at the highest tem- perature. The bars hammered from the direct Towcester ore blooms contained (8 analyses): Maximum phos., 0.08 ; minimum phos., 0.019. The phosphorus in three blooms was 0.019, 0.046, 0.083, while the phosphorus in the ore averaged 2 per cent. The first trial of the process in the United States was at Park Bro. & Co.’s works, in *A paper read at the February meeting of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. eter, has been started at Tyrone Forges, Pa., | lbs. per ton of blooms. ‘ by Mr. Robert J. Anderson, of Pittsburgh, | was 19 operations, producing 14 tons of to make material for his open-hearth fur- | blooms, naces. posely been experimental, with various ores | about $3 and coal $2.15, and with labor and lining materials, enough has been done | to show that a product of excellent quality | ton, was a little over $25 per ton. may be got from any ore, and that linings | (necessarily oxide) may be adapted to any | this case tbe men could have just as well ore, although a very siliceous ore requires | run four furnaces as one. the use of so much lime that the repairs of linings are proportionately increased. In an average week's work at Tyrone, A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. New York, Thursday, Merk 18, 1880. Pittsburgh, two years ago. There were no| with Robinson ore and the highly siliceous | per 24 hours. The producer coal has also serious difficulties, except the oxidation re- | Pennington ore, the mixture having about been gradually decreased. Of course work- ferred to, in the manufacture of the balls | 50 per cent. of iron, the charges were: Ore, ing costs can be only approximately deter- into wrought iron. I am informed that this | 4000 lbs.; reducing coal, 600 to 700 lbs.;| mined from experimental costs, but it seems company intend to start the rotator again limestone, 250 lbs.; scale and cinder, 800 to make material for their new open-hearth | lbs. The yield of blooms was 1600 to 1700 a small advance over the cost of pig from furnaces. Within the last few months a lbs. per charge, or 80 to 85 per cent of the the same ore. large rotator, 11 feet long by 11 feetin diam-' iron in the ore, The producercoal was 3800! The cost of a plant of four rotators, ore safe to say that blooms can be produced at GY. SSS SS RAAT WW WR SMM MAY CANAAN RSS SSS EI BS Sade bhbabaa ee - Se a SSS SSS ws SL SCALE OF FEET O86 8 elena ll eel eel cmenicenel melccnnhcntmendies 7101284 667 8 910 Fig. 1.—Vertical Section through A B C D (Fig. 2). Fig. 2.—Vertical Section through E F G H (Fig. 1). Shah MCT rt Dao iron a Leta A LAL] TAT ES TNA Peay . } Pa Ca | (e/a eseiepecalecess Te gh Ge ec Lg Mi ‘eee erayeeRi are % 7 cela aia -/ Bet Te oy, 1 Jd j ue "At Fig. 3.—Section through M L (Fig. 1.) Fig. 4.—Section through N O P Q (Fig. 1.) THE SIEMENS ROTATOR, FOR PRODUCING IRON BY THE DIRECT PROCESS. The week’s work crushers, hammer or squeezer, &c., exclu- sive of building, is about $40,000, and its output with existing appliances only, in The cost of blooms, with ore averaging regular rather than in experimental work, is estimated at 125 tons per week. This charged at the very high rate of $10 per looks at first like a small output, but it must Experi- | be remembered that the entire blast fur- mental labor is of course excessive, and in nace plant is dispensed with. An obvious | improvement, not in any way experimental, | Labor should not is about to be introduced. It is calcining exceed $2.50 to $3 per ton in a plant of four | the ores in any suitable kiln and running ' rotators. The output has been gradually them red hot into the rotator. As about | increasing and has reached five operations half the time of the operation is mow occu- Although the operations have pur- | | Soc The Iron Age Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. $4.50 a Year, Including Fostage. Single Copies, Ten Cents. REE — = ean — pied in getting the qbarge up to a reducing temperature, it is obvious that the calcining —a cheap operation—will nearly double the output of a rotator plant. Charcoal blooms are at present the best material in the market for making fine open- hearth steel; they are used together with the smallest possible bath of Bessemer pig for the finest fire-box plates. If Siemens direct blooms (even should they have more mechanical impurities) are not as good as charooal blooms for open-hearth steel, the reason is not obvious. Such practice as there is seems to prove them equally good. As I have similarly stated in previous papers describing new processes, the object of these notes on the Siemens process 1s not to compare it commercially with other pre- paratory processes, but simply to state its existing status and the probable course and means of its further development. a Coal Fields of Colorado. In the southern part of La Plata County is an immense coal field, which extends from the valley of the Rio Les Pinos to the southeast end of Ute Mountain. This fteld is in sandstones and shales of the cretaceous age, divided into the upper and lower meas- ures, about 1000 feet apart. The lower coal measure is in a zone of shaly sand- stones that are about 300 feet thick, and the coal is intermixed with shales and other impurities that render it worth- less; but when separated from the shale, it is of excellent quality for domestic use. This lower measure is underlaid by a bed of dark gray shale, containing cal- eareous seams and nodules called septaria. The La Plata coal bed is located on a bed of whitish sandstone. It extends from the east end of the county for over 60 miles, and is crossed by the Animas River. The thickness of the entire bed between the floor and the roof is over 50 feet, and contains about 40 feet thick of good coal free frqm shale. The floor, of grayish white sandstone, is covered with a thin Jayer of clay and clay shale, varying from an inch or two to a thick- ness of 2 feet. Upon this a layer of com- pact, firm coal, 6 to 8 feet thick; then a layer of tough black shale, 114 to 2 feet thick ; upon this isa bed of excellent coal over 30 feet thick, with only small seams of shale at intervals of 4 to 10 feet. The “‘roof” is a tough, shaly sandstone, alter nating with true shales for a distance of sev- eral hundred feet above the coal bed. In this overlying formation there are two or three small veins of coal, one of which is large enough for exploration. The quality of the coal has been tested in a crude way by coking it in pits and heaps, and by use in blacksmith shops, stoves and in open fire-places, in all of which it gives good satisfaction. It is strongly bftuminous, cinders well, and forms masses of coke in an open fire. It is exceedingly rich in gaseous products, takes fire readily and burns freely, leaving a brownish gray ash. The working of these beds will be con- fined to the outcrop at the most convenient points where levels can be run for years. Its location will undoubtedly prevent it from being of any great commercial value ; still it will prove to be a mine of inexhaustible wealth to La Plata and San Juan counties, in consequence of its coking qualities and adaptability to all kinds of metallurgical, mechanical and domestic uses. The ma- terial interests of San Juan and La Plata counties are inseparably interwoven by the drainage system of the San Juan River, the physical features of the country, and their mutual dependence on each other m many ways. San Juan has an abundance of the precious and useful metals, but can produce no food for her population. Her lowest min ing camps are over gooo feet above the sea, and the highest peaks have an altitude of over 14,000 feet. La Plata raises vast quan tities of meat, vegetables and grain, and supplies all demand for lumber, timber, coke and coal; but were it not for San Juan’s needs, La Plata would have no market for anything, save cattle that could be driven to distant markets.—La Plata Miner. - a An Improved Process of Manufactur. ing Coke.—Mr. A. M. Chambers, of the Thornceliffe Collieries, near Sheffield. has patented a process of manufacturing coke which is stated to be of very great import ance te coke manufacturers. Mr, Cham bers’s invention is of a very sfmple charac- ter. Instead of allowing the draft to vo over the burning coal at the furnace aaa Mr. Chambers builds up the furnace ’ entirely, and drives in hot air, by means of a pipe, over the face of the coal ina direct line to the exit flue. By this inane the products of eombustion pass from the oven to the main flue orchimney: a greater draft is thus secured, a quicker make of coke obtained, and the sulphur almost en- tirely got rid of. Mr. Chambers claims for his invention the following advantages At least 15 percent. more coke from th a quantity of coal, a much larger quantity of coke per week in the same number of ovens; the almost complete riddance of sulphur; azmuch denser coke with less breeze and dust, and free from black ends - @ col siderable saving in the cost of cokin , al its easy application to existing oveus me | “ee engineer states that at Westwood the pat- ent has been applied to about 70 coke ovens with excellent results, door Cc same ———___—-4 aes ee ee ee eee a -_ —- ee ee ae nd Sores eee ——_ 5 Oe OO ee ree ee : a ° eemgens — & Ge om we h I x ara chs aonkin, Sella 5 ae ed a ; eee cet a EE a = = = Sar 7 22ers. Saal a , ee P., tian tate deena a s Fa Se F Py ew os J i wr —_ Es ” © co ~ — ne a , = wee ’ ar = —* eat —_— 7 aa : : - ee a = Pz) “ ene a ’ ‘ : -< és = ee 3 THEH IRON AGE. March 18, 1880 = Metals, - Pactals. ANSONIA ThePlume & Atwood BRASS & COPPER CO., No. 19 Cliff Street, Phelps Building, NEW YORK. Mfg. Company, MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, German Silver and Gilding Metal, Copper Rivets and Burs, ho L. MOEN, CHARLES F. WASHBURN, resident & Treasurer. Vice President & Secretary. Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. Established, 1831, Cc 7 $1,500,000 WORCESTER, MASS. WIRE DRAWERS. MAKUFAGTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Waterbury ‘Brass Co. CAPITAL, - - $400,000. Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, CERMAN SILVER, Seamless Brass & Copper Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, Tubing. BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, Kerosene Burners, od Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms.) COPPER RIVETS & BURS, Lamp Trimmings, &c. Patent Galvanizing, Rolling and Tempering. PURE COPPER WIRE BRASS KETTLES, ga be ‘ a sa ani MANUFACTURERS OF For Eleetrical Purposes, Bare and Covered.| Door Rail. Brass Tags ambers Street, New ° IRON AND T Phosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. PERCUSSION CAPS, f 13 Federal Street, Boston. ’ shal a7 STEEL WIRE. escription. 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Rolling Mill, Factories, THOMASTON, Ct.| WATERBURY, Ct. Bridgeport Brass Co., POWDER FLASKS ANSONIA * REFINED Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape ine &e. And small Brass Wares of every Description. __INCOT col P PE R ws — Cartridge Metal in Sheets or Shells a Specialty, Sole Agents for the PHELPS, DODGE & C0, Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- ing Goods and Wood’s Paper A SPECIALTY MADE OF GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE, GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WIRE, IMPORTERS OF anvevat'™ Shells. as a MANUFACTURERS OF PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TIES, TIN PLATE, 296 Broadway, New York, _ WATERBURY, | SNeet and Roll Brass, PATENT STEEL BARB FENCING, ROOFING PLATE, | !89 Eddy St, Providence, R. 1. Conn _| Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, AND PUMP CHAIN. NEW YORK Ol FICE: ST. LOUIS OFFICE: CHICAGO OFFICE: St, 707 No, Second St. 215 and 217 Lake St. Ce~C BROWNS. PATENT German Silver Metal and Wire, Copper and Iron Rivets. = ; P| CT U RE OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, %' HOOK. Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zine, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. Clocks & Fly Fan Movements. | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS. Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and manufacturing Metal Goods. National Wire & canter Works, Warranted to hold Ibs. SCOVILL MFC CO sees cee ae | MME aes, [Medien weet Warehouse, ree Hated —_—— 45 Fulton St., New York, Manhattan Brass Co., Harrison Wire Company, ist Ave., 27th to 28th St., New York, Solid brass, price, $4 per gross, less 25 % discount. BRASS, HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. HOWARD & MORSE, Manufacturers of ST. LOUIS, MO. PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. —~>——— BuUTTO NS, THE NEW HAVEN woul racrontes, COPPER CO., Tuos. W. Fitca, Cuas, Fis Prest. and Treas. Secretary. MANUFACTURERS OF All kinds of Brass, Copper & Iron DEPOTS, 419&421B St. N.Y, Waterbury, Conn. . 177 Devonshire St, Bove. scars Con. | 255 Pearl Street, New York. | [RON & STEEL WIRE Wire Cloth, 183 Lake St. Chicago. New York City. Manufacturers of and Dealers in AND Locomotive Spark Wire Cloth, Iron Wire Bolting Cloth, Ship & Ratlroad Lanterns, Signal Lights, Conductors’ Lantern, Ad.- justable Globe Hand Lan- tern, Desk & Office Rail- ing, Riddles, Coal & Sand a" Screens, Nursery Fenders - and Spark Guards, Orna- ~. mental Wire Fence, DICKERSON, NAN DUSEN & C0., & C0., Braziers’ & Sheathing Wire Mill Specialties. Tin Plate, Pig’ Tin, Sh Sheet lron, Cooper, COPPER. Holmes, Booth & Haydens, Wire, Zinc, Ete. : : WATERBURY, conn. a our St. naa. Fulton, Kettle Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, Rivets, iaktnie lie DICKERSON & CO,, Liverpool, § NEW wors.! Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, &c. | 49 chambers st. 18 Federal St. Established 1837. Incorporated 1876. Manufacturers of all kinds of WATERBURY MFG. CO,,| Sass. Copper & German Siiver, ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. WATERBURY, CONN. BRASS & COPPER WIRE, Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. A. C. NORTHROP, © P, BRASS & IRON Waterbury, Conn., JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. NOVELTIES IN BRASS AND OTHER METAL GOODS German Silver Spoons, FOR HARDWARE TRADE. SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Wrought Iron and Brass Machine Screws; Turned Heme ry Round and Square Head Cap and Kerosene Burners, &c. Set Screws; Brass and Iron Safety ana Jack Chain; G ilt el Plated and Bronze Trimmings of all New York Office i Warehouse 1117 Liberty Street THE JOHN A. ROEBLING'S SONS CO, MANUFACTURERS OF WIRE ROPE] ojivancen bua and Steel Iron, Steel and Copper Telegraph Wire, WIRE Hoisting Furposes of all Market Wire, Kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Market Wire, Fence Wire Ship Rigging, Sash Cords, j j Bridge Wire, Chain Wire Lightning Rods, &c., &c. Vineyard Wire. Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Suspension Bridge Cables. Rivet Wire, &c., &c. GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &c. CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND. ___ Address, HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co, Pa. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germ: any. PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, JOHN DAVOL & SONS, Agents for Brooklyn aa re ans Copper Cory Ingot Copper, gl Lead, Tin, nee Solder & Old Metals, John Street, N. Y. PASSAIC ZINC CO. Manufacturers of Pure Spelter FOR Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK. Also for Galvanizers & Brass Founders. MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents kinds, from Sheet Iron, Steel or Brass. timates on patented articles, or any description of Sheet Metal work, respectfully solicited and promptly given. JAMES HALL, Treasurer, ABRAM 8. HEWITT, President. E. HANSON, Secretary. WM. HEWITT, Vice President. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, (INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, NEW JERSEY, MANUFACTURERS OF IRON and STEELWIRE OF ALL CRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED; Tron and Steel Wire Rods ) For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables, 113 L iberty Street, N. Y¥- EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. = [—_—__— tami Si=<™2-—___|_SIEMENS-MARTIN. AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal !ron Wire; 0. oo om 0., inineleets, Seredth and German Chazscal Wiee. Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. <a ct el t ai GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths. of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and in long lengths, _ Represented 1a New York by COOPER, HEWITE & €0., 17 Burling Slip. . GALVAN IZED STEEL WIRE, For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, “ond 7-ply Strand, Staples, &c. Annealed and Oiled Fencing WIRE ROPE: “OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, TELEGRAPH CABLEs. Contractors to the German and Foreign governments. The oldest ‘ tinent. Nelegraph Address, CARLSWERK. COLOG NE. house in the branch on the Con- J. WOOL GRISWOLD, ‘feeoaaf WIRE RAILING AND Ornamental Vine Works. “BRODERICK & BASCOM, MANUFACTURERS OF IRON WIRE ROPE. 800 N. Main St.,@% N SCREW WI Of all mzes straightened and cut to order ow. Tr. WELLS, Sole Agent for Foxell, Jones & Co., manufacturers of HOLLOW WARE, writ BE, * No. 36 pt + hh — Tlie and Broker in m ~ santpotube Ww TRE. RAIL ING f& G PIG IRON ° al ae = Wireat ¥ Fei nders, oe Ban sand Coa 78 Beekman Street, New York City. TROY, N. Y¥. Seqeer re, Iron Bedste Chairs Bright, coppered, Auaaaien and Tin Manufacturer of 80 Wire Wire, Wire, RE rencing he Con- rks. ore. 7 o d Coal Chairs, March 18, 18896. 0. LINDEMANN & CO.,. y Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of Spring Brackets for Bird Cages, || And manufacturers of the largest variety of Japanned, Brass and Tin-Plated Bird Cages in this Country. Catalogues furnished to the trade. 254 Pearl Street, New York. | | | | } WESTON’S DIFFERENTIAL PULLEY BLOCKS. BROWN & BROTHERS, | 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Manufacturers of BRASS, COPPER AND. GERMAN SILVER, In Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, Rivets and Burs, Etc. ALSO, Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 lbs. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. Waterbury, Conn. PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANK, SILVER-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich designs. GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. POPE,COLE & Co. BALTIMORE COPPER WORKS, No. 57 South Gay St., BALTIMORE, MD., Have always on hand and for sale INGOT COPPER, Also Cakes, of unequalled purity and toughness. ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop- per and German Silver (In Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), COPPER & BRASS RIVETS AND BURS. Rome, New York. Wrought Iron Fence, Our specialty. Also Crestings, Finials and Vanes; Stable Fixtures, Hitching Posts, Doer 2 and Window Guards, Wrought Iron Grat- ings, &c. Address CLEVELAND WROUGHT IRON FENCE WORKS, J, H. VAN DORN, Proprietor, CLEVELAND, Ohio, U. 8. A. ALL WROUGHT [30N, I. ScHoEenBeRaG, Pres. S. BLonpHerm, Sec'y. The Schoenberg Metal Mfg. Co., Manufacturers of and Dealers in ~ - ™_ SOLDER, T YPE, Stereotype, Electrotype and Babbitt Metals, Importers of Block Tin, Antimony, &c. Refiners of Lead, Spelter, &c. Highest price paid for Old Metals and al: kinds of Dross. 5°28 ana 530 East 20th Street, between Avenues A & B, New York. ss. Fie SAM TI TE L. P.O. Box 1300. &7 Cedar St., N. Y. Manufacturers’ EXPORT Agent for Hurdware, Brassware, Classware, WOODEN WARE, Kerosene Goods, Burners, Wicks, Oil, Late Agent for Wa. H. SamveL & Co. Orders sent direct will save the purchaser all inter- mediate profits. R. SETL_ILE WwW & CoO. Dealer in METALS, Tin Plate, Sheet Iron, Copper, «¢. SAINT LOUTS. THE IRON AGE. | Construction and Loading of Grain Ships. ARYW & MOEN, Manufacturers of | | A very strong and important movement | appears to have been initiated in England antagonistic to the present methods of load- ing grain in bulk, and to the system fol lowed in England in the construction of cargo steamers. Mr. Plimsoll, well known asa champion of the sailor, has stirred up the matter in the British Parliament, but it appears that his enthusiasm carried him too far. He distributed an address against some members of Parliament who, for reasons of their own, obstructed the dis- cussion of a bill on the subiect, and appears to have overstepped the bounds, While his action is calculated in a certain measure to reflect upon the subject which he has en - brought up, there can be no doubt that ulti Market steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. mately the question of loading cargo steam Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. ers in bulk will receive full discussion in M34, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, - - - ~ - NEW YORK, | England, and as it is probable that any de | cision reached will affect large interests in | this country, we present the following data, for which we are chiefly indebted to the Engineer. It is a notorious fact that many grain ships have foundered at sea, have never WEE ELELELAEEALAKALLALL ED WUL ELL EL LLL ELELELLE _ — ¥ SOLE MAKERS, YALE LOCK MFC. CO. Office and Works, STAMFORD, CONN, SALESROOMS, 53 Chambers St., New 36 Pearl St., Boston. SOG Commerce St., Philadelphia. York. STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL CO., MANUFACTURERS OF Improve Carpenters’ nm Tools, Ch | a Manufacturers of Bailey’s Patent Adjustable Planes, General Agents for the sale of Leonard Baltiley & Co.'s ** Victor Planes,’ FACTORIES, New Britain, Conn. WAREROOMS, This Advertisement is Changed Every Week, | how dangerous a ship may be, a crew can always be got for her at a few hours’ notice. The causes for the numerous disasters to grain vessels are twofold. The first lies in the construction of the vessel, as the follow- ing from the Engineer will show : As a rule—to which there are, of course, exceptions—cargo steamers are very bad sea boats. They are long, narrow, deep in the waist and wall-sided. They are exceed ingly ‘‘ tender,” to use a sailor’s phrase—in other words, easily overset. They are, for the most part, well built, with good plates and beams and angle irons, and are strong enough. We never heard of one breaking in two; nor do they leak, for leaky ships ruin their cargoes, and the owners cannot get freights for them. Their defects are not in workmanship nor material, bit in shape. Any one can lay down the lines for a cargo boat; the only thing necessary is that she shall be of the largest possible car- rying capacity. Asa result, we have nar- row, flat-sided, flat-bottomed, wrought-iron boxes, instead of ships. Craft which will not steer well, which cannot sail, which cannot ride safely head to sea, because, in- stead of lifting to the waves, they bore through them ; ships which cannot run be- Fig. 5.—Siemens Rotator.—Section through W V (Fig. 1.) again been heard from, while others have | been wrecked or disabled, or have only by skillful management been successfully | brought into the nearest port. The world | at large hears nothing concerning the dis- GAUTIER STEEL GO., LIMITED, JOHNSTOWN, sengers, and there appears to be much diffi- culty in fixing the responsibility, beeause the popnlar idea that the shipowner is to blame is erroneous Cargo steamers are lust because of defecta in the system under which they are built and owned and worked, and it will be found an exceedingly difficult thing successfully to attack this system, for reasons which we shall explain as we proceed. The popular idea concerning the ship owner is that he is a man owning one or more ships all to him- self—responsible for them, and yet very strangely failing to look after his property. The truth is that ships belonging wholly to certain individuals or firms rarely are lost, save through causes which are not prevent able. The ‘‘ coffin” ships, as*sailors term them, are usually ‘‘ owned” in quite a dif- ferent way. The value of every ship is in- variably divided into sixty-four parts or shares, no matter what the worth of the ves- sel may be. Thus one-sixty-fourth may be worth £2000 or £3000, or less than £5. One PENN. MONITOR TIN PLATE WORKS, 54 Cliff Street, New York, ; person or one firm may hold all the shares, Manufacturers of : . - but, as a rule, the shares in coffin ships are | LARGE TINNED SHEETS for DAIRY and OTHER PURPOSES, COTTON CANS, | held bya great many persons ; £400 or £500 is about the value of each share in a large and all special sizes, shapes, gauges and qualities, from ro to 40 inches wide, 1° to 96 inches long. ; : A 8 grain-carrying ship, and it is by no means Guaranteed Equal in Every Respect to Best Imported. N.&G, TAYLOR CO,, PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers and Importers of ODD SIZES TIN AND ROOFING PLATES. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in REGULAR SIZES, SPECIAL SIZES, ODD SIZES, IRREGULAR SIZES AND CIRCLES, Tin Plates for Every Conceivable Purpose. by four or five individuals. These share holders know little or nothing about the ship. They draw dividends when there are any, and meet calls for repairs, if they are able, when they are made. The manage some firm, nominally ship owners, some times ship brokers only, and very frequently to the captain is intrusted the working of the ship. He decides to what ports she shall go, what cargoes she shall take and so on. But the responsibility of the brokers, of managers or captains is, after all, very lim- ited. They have none of them any special interest in the ship, which is simply a ma chine intended to do a certain carrying trade and make the largest possible profits. It need hardly be added that the numerous shareholders never contemplate any moral | responsibility devolving on them for the care | of ship or crew; and if the ship founders at sea the pecuniary loss which falls on each of | the numerous shareholders is comparatively very small, even if the ship be not insured. But to make matters worse, ship and cargo are always fully insured. The underwriters | distribute the insurances among themselves ; | and it is quite possible to calculate average tables which will show exactly how many Please write to ff; when wanting any information whatever on Tin Plates, Metals, Sheet Iron, &c. N. & G TAYLOR CoO., Established 1810. PHILADELPHIA. EAGLE FACING MILLS AND PLUMBAGO WORKS, iit case's cay cbetge euch premiums as will insure the underwriters from loss. They know or care very little about the merits or demerits of any indi- vidual steamer, and they are, of course, in ‘Foundry Facings and Blackings, Black Lead and jis ov» =, wt moray responsi Lubricating P lumbag 0, Again, the Board of Trade is supposed to see | Foundry Supplies, Monk’s Molders’ Tools, Molding Sands, that every vessel is seaworthy before she Our Return Facings are used by all first-class Stove Manufacturers. Our Hea vy Black- goes to sea, and so responsibility is shifted to official shoulders. Thus it will be pe | ings are used by the U. 8S. Government, by the leading Railroad Foundries, and wherever heavy castings are made. ceived that it is nobody’s business in parti Ee" QUALITY GUARANTEED THE BEST, SEND FOR PRICES. _ x3 cular to take care that Atlantic cargo steam- Ss. OBERMAYER & CO., Prop’rs. CINCINNATI, O., MANUFAOTURERS OF ers are properly built or carefully loaded. If such a ship is lost, no one on land is much the worse ; and engineers and sailors find it so hard to get qmploywens, that, no matter unusual for each of these shares to be held | ment of the ship is generally undertaken by fore a gale, because they have not engine power enough to keep out of the way of fol- lowing seas which may poop them at any moment ; and, lastly, they are awful rollers. We exaggerate in no way when we say that in appearance of ships which do not carry pas- | heavy weather what are considered by com- parison very g 0d boats indeed, will roll their bridge rails wnder water, taking in the |while sea after sea on either side alter- |nately, which seas flood their low waists, j and uuless discharged, swamp the ship and send her in a moment to the bottom. This | is no fancy sketch, nor exaggerated picture. | Every north country captaia—every chief officer who has sailed in a cargo boat, will |confirm our statements to the letter ; and let it not be supposed that what we say | concerns only small! craft. | The remedy forall this is easily enough |found. If owners would enforce on ship- | builders the necessity that the craft which |they build shall be seaworthy, the ship- builders would be but teo happy to supply | GB Fig. 6,—Siemens Rotator.—Section through T U (Fig. 1.) what was wanted. Something no doubt would be lost ; tonnage dues would have to be paid_for some space not occupied by cargo, and in some other respects losses would be incurred, But, on the other hand engineers would have a better chance of giving speed as well as economy; the dura tion of voyages would be reduced, and thus most important advantages would be gained. Furthermore, it is evident that if the safety of ships were augmented, the profits of those concerned in their safety ought to increase. The first cost of a really geod sea boat is not greater than that of, t> use a_ sailor’s phrase, “ a floating coffin.” The working expenses ef the former may, however, bear a_ higher proportion to the receipts than will be the case with the latter: but the former may, and probably will, enjoy a long life, | while the latter may, and probably will, founder in the first really heavy gale she encounters, As a mere matter of worldly prudence, the first ship is a better invest- ment than the last, if only ship owners could be made to see it. The second leading cause for many losseg ——— See wm . ——_ = Seria" eS | I ny Ram ee eee > meeganae - TS a me Oe me re Mle! “ty “Minn 2S oT ae EP ag nc memamtionss ower ~~ = 5 War ere 4 = ee == = €s = a eens —— rhs ’ ee == ae . . es 2? —— = “ : a a a Se oe z= - £ > ae = o — PI eS 2 urs zs at ae THE TRON AGE. Evo. PITTSBURGH. Kron. Xron. _____NEW YORK. John W. Quincy, 98 William Street, New York. Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, Wrought Scrap, Cut Nails, Copper, BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER. ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &e HARRISON & GILLOON IRON AND METAL DEALERS, 558, 560, 562 WATER ST., and 902, 804, 36 CHERRY ST., | Kron, ‘NEW ‘YORK. hoo NEW YORK. OGDEN & WALLACE, A B. Warner & Son, TRONS STEEL,” | IRON MERGHANTS, IRON & STEE oo 28 & 29 West and 52 Washington Sts. 85,87,89 & 91 ELMIST., N.Y. AGREETS A full assortment coustantly on hand of BOILER PLATE, Cast, Machinery, Tool, Spring, Tire, Sleigh Boller Tubes, Angle, Tee & Girder Iren, Shoe, Toe Calk, Plow and Blister Steel. | Boller and Tank Rivets. Orders solicited for Sole Agents for the celebrated ___stect Forgings and Castine. __ |“ ureka,” §Pennocks, PATENT PI PIERSO N & C0. “Wawasset,” Lukens, SEW TORK ; 7 Brands of Iron. Alsoall descriptions of Plate, Sheet, a al nant = mertean ig. to me Wrought. Cast and Planished Sheet Iron. Car-Wh reels Axics and Heavy Patented March 14th, 1865 ; April 8th, 1873 ; and Gasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive iron. Fire Box Iron a specialty. ‘ROME MERCHANT IRON MILLS, iro n & Ste al siiabiimemone a Ay Pi erate of "| Bar lron, Bands and Fine Hoops. co Scrolls, Ov als, Half Ovals, Half Rounds, anaes and MMON & REFINED IRON, | He orse Shoe Iron, Also from Charco al Pi ‘= Hoops, Rods, Serolls, Bands, Ovals, | duced'by of Iren branded J.G. All puddled balls uce d 37 Bammer. Orders may abe sent to the o_ or Horse Shoe, Nail Rods, “ PARS. Steel, &c. Iro weer aa Iron ; vals, oid Copper, Composition, Brass, wter, Zinc. OXFORD IRON CO., (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) Cut Nails SPIKES. J. S. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. BURDEN’S HORSE SHOES. “Burden Best” lron Sept. 9th, 1873; Uct. 6th, 1874; Jan, 11, 1876. Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, and at a much less price. FOR SALE, by all the principal METAL DEALERS In the Large cities throughout THE UNITED STATES. And at their Office, 111 Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. The U. S. Iron and Tin Plate Co., OF PITTSBURGH, PA, Manufacture to order BEST REFINED CHARCOAL AND POLISHED SHEET IRON, Taggers Iron and Bessemer Steel Plate, in quality and size to suit the wants of consum ers. Also Best Charcogl Terne Plates in Special | Sizes, from 10x17 to 20%30 Orders solicited. Inquiries promadiy answered. Address P. O. Box 24, Pittsburgh, Pa. Works at Demmler, Allegheny Co., Pa. Eastern Sales Agents: 24 Broadway, New York City. = our Agent, at 59 John Street, New Yor ‘MARSHALL LEFFERTS, 90 Beekman S8t., New York City, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER, Galvanized Sheet Iron, Ist and 2d Qualities. _ Orders promptly filled from stock. ABEEL BROTHERS, Established 1765 by ABEEL & BYVANCK, lron Merchants, Galvanized Wire, ee and Pence: Galvanized 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. oop and at Iron alvani and Bar Iron, ULSTERIRON CORRUGATED SHEET IRON Refined Iron, For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted. Horse-Shoe Iron, Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common Common Iron, SHEET IRON. Band, Hoop and Seroll Iron, Plate and Tank Iron, Sheet Iron, Norway Nail Rods, C No. 1,C H No. , OM Bo. s Mange, Best Flange, Best Flange Fire Box, Circles. Norway Shapes, BOILER IRON __ Cams Spring and Spring and Tire © Steel, ete ee A.R.W R. Whi it Stamped and Guaranteed. n ey,|. s An Gesertamions of Iron Work Galvanized or = to ord Price list ane _ Price list and quotations se sent upon ent upon application. ~W. BAILEY LANG, Sole Agent In United States & Canada for ELY & WILLIAMS, ; Tt a wit Oliver st., Boston. Cc. BANE, Old Rails, Wheels, Axles, Springs, Scrap, Turnings, &c., PIG IRON, BLOOMS AND BAR Duquesne Way, near 6th ae PITTSBURGH. _ C. A. von Bonnhorst. Manufacturer of and Dealer in IRON, ees nemOmM LOW-MOOR 12, 14 & 16 Worth Sts Our specialty is in [ro IRON COMPANY, Manufacturing Iron Used in the Con- NO. 50 BEEKMAN ST., NEW YORE. Boiler Rivets. Burden Iron Works, H. Burden & Sons, PIG IRON, BLOOMS AND ORE, struction of Fire-Proof Buildings, an Fourth ave., cor, Ww _ Wood st., st., Pittsburgh. Bridges, &c, Plans and estimates furnished, and contracts made for erécting Iron Structures of every description. . eioed coptaiding cuts of all Iron made sent onap-| JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., Sample pieces at office. Please address : 5 : Tr _ Fy! NY Y. 58 Hudson Street, SCOTCH AND AMERICAN c . BORDEN & LOVELL, PIG IRON,| ULSTE TER | Iron, Nails & Spikes. BURDEN’S YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. CommissionMerchants| xo. 60 wan st., New York. _ 70 &71 West St, |ULSTER IRON WORKS. New York. 90 Broadway, New York. Agents for the sale of Agency of N. M. HOGLUND'S ' SONS & CO., Stockholm. Swedish & Norway. Iron of every descri pitcn. Stock on hand New York and Philadelphia. eS ai . specialty. GUSTAF LUNDBERG, 33 Kilby st., Boston. ALBERT POTTS, Philadelphia Agent, 234 & 236 N. Front Street. H. B. & §. Bar Iron. Also Best Grades of American & English Refined Iron. All sizes and shapes in stock. Fall River Iron Co.'s Nails,! Tuckerman, Mulligan &Co EGLESTON BROS, & CO. Bands, Hoops & Rods. age a. etic 0. W. GRAVES & CO., 166 South St.. NEW YORK CITY, AND 267 Front St., Borden Mining Company’s|; METAL BROKERS, ___ Cumberland Coals. __ Cor. Cliff and Beekman Sts., New York, B. F. JOUDSON, Importer of and Dealer in “ELIZABETHPORT ROLLING MILL, " PLATE, PIG TIN, IRON WIRE, SHEET omen aan ainmeamade Passaic Rolling Mill Co. = 1S Tron, Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, PATERSON, N. J. OLD METALS. Iron Bridge Builders sag 45 Seater Stz} NEW YORK. And Manufacturers of Beams, Channels, Angles, W. S. MIDDLETON TEs, ™~ Merchant Iron, &6., 8. |sims ete ore? Supls Wm. Borden, | LN. Lovell, § Elizabethport, N. J., Common and Refined BAR IRON, Fish Plates, Spikes, &c. Address, DANIEL W. RICHARDS & CO,,| {nrporters of and Dealers in Scrap Iron and Metals, DANIEL F. COONEY, Ban, 52 JOHN STREET, SS Washington St., N. ¥. a Boiler f vets, Angle & T tren, Cut Malte ‘ Sp kes. P. W. GALLAUDET. |:s! & 132 Cedar Street, New’ York. 3 For spot delivery and for prompt or forward HUGH W. ADAMS, ; Baltimore or New Orleans. HARDWARE, METAL, IRON RUBBER, SHOE, ADVANCES MADE ON BUSINESSS PAPER AND Estimates furnished for all kinds of Iron Work. | Sole Agents for the United States, Late of and Successor to Jas. H. Holdane & Ce.) | WATTS nS W.0. Pres NEW YORK. BOILER PLATES and SHEET IRON, | " _ CARMICHAEL. & EMMENS, | Glengarnock and Carnbroe vases cuissstinime se emcee Sees TON & Steel Boiler Plate, Banker and Note Broker, / Age nt for Otis slebrates —~ if met Steel Boller Plates, The a | yen For sale in lots to suit by PAPER AND PAPER-HANGINGS, LUMBER, COAI RAILWAY, PIG AND SCRAP IRON, | he — 72 Pine Street, New York. 88 to 96 Mangin St., New York. | New Work Office, 138 Chambers Street. Machinery, Hardware & Tools, O. FAY KW :RWEATHER, Treasurer. | Room s. WELDED BOILER FI DEALERS IN n Re ‘Sling Mills, ‘at Je ersey ( SCOTCH PIG IRON Lap Welded Boiler Tubes, &c., &c, ; oates ville ae on © The Laurel Rolling Mills. . . | shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Nos. 3 and & Wall Street, P FOREIGN AND AMERICAN AND RAILRC AD PAPER W ANTED. JAMES LEE & co NEW YORK. OTHER SECURITIES. Houdlette «& Ellis, Sear a ‘ee CUT NAILS' 7 oad ea a Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. Sheet and ‘Tank ii holler, Tank and Saf 7 iron girder, Deck, an ie com FULLER BROTHERS & CO eel and ren Desens, semer Stee) ( N ler S etal au a9 Gen ne and Standard Babbi ‘ 139 Greenwich Street, New York. WHITEHEAD BROS. AMERICAN FACING CO. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., IRON MERCHANTS. Cor. Albany & Washington Sts., NEW YORK CITY. Wa H. WALLACE. FIRE SAND AND CLAS. Crescent Brand Jc é 19 te 81 Seashaneeneneh. strees, 5 i WD, WOOD & CO:S A. G. A. G. HATRY, 1232 Market st., < IRON and STEEL. R. A. WILSON & “CO., Bonnell, Botsford & Co., Ww. BisPwam. } March 18, 1880, Kron. _____ PITTSBURGH. | Commission Merchant. Bar, Sheet, Tank, Boiler, Angle, T, and Rallroad Iron, And Railroad Equipment. Nails & Spikes Steel & R. R. Supplies, WINDOW GLASS, GAS PIPE & BORAX. PITTSBURGH, PA. — SUNIATA ROADSTER PATTERN. Ma ult i toe. | SNOW SHOES. The only Snow Shoes in the market that abso- as prevent all balling and give universal satis- ‘acti Improved Snow Shoe Shapes. Standard Sizes 3X7-16, 11-16X7-16, 44.X7-16, 13-16X7- at %x7-16, AX% 15-16K%4, rx¥4, 1 1-16X4, 1 1-8x%. STEEL TOE CALKS. SHOENBERGER & CO., ***a."*™ Portsmouth Iron and Steel Co., Successors to CAYLORD ROLLINC MILL CO., Manufacturers of Siemens-Martin (Open Hearth) ver (STEEL BOILER PLATE, Agricultural and Machinery Steel and Steel Tire. {ins =, Homagencons Iron Boiler Plate and Rivets, Hoo fo Sheet Iron, Wrought | on Fish Bars an Office a Works : PORTSMOUTH, OHIO. J. C. LEWIS, GEO. 8. LEWIS, and Treas *| pred Spd EB ban'e Sec’y John |. Wilffams. Henry M. Long. Nathan M, McDowell, Keystone Rolling Mill, Williams, Long & McDowell, Manufacturers of Merchant Bar and Skelp Iron, Sheets and Plates of all sizes, Office, No. 87 Water Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. Mill at Sono, Second Avenue. ZUG & CO., Pittsburgh, Pa., Manufacturers of Wheeler’s Iron & Steel Combination Shafting, Under license of the Combination Trust Co., Philadelphia. This Shafting is superior to any now on the market, and the attention of machinists is particularly called to it and a trial order solicited. Prices furnished on application. LE EECHBURG If IRON WORKS. KIRKPATRICK, Manufacturers of all grades of FINE SHEET TRONS, (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel.) TIN AND TERNE PLATES, made with Natural Gas as tuel. OFFICE, No. 116 Water St., Pittaburgh, Pa. MOULDING SAND. Albany Sand a Specialty. FOUNDRY FACINGS, Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. >K, BEALE & CO. WORKS, L ccechburg, Pa. WM. WHITEHEAD, Treas., 517 W. 15th St. _ New York. « ~ geo Bont * BROKER IN IRO IN IRON a 707 WALL | LL SF, NX N.Y. — ). ybso- atis- ix% gh en, vets, ught is, well, Nn, D3 3s is March 18, 1860. THE IRON AGE. kvon, Edward J. Etting, IRON BROKER anp COMMISSION MERCHANT, 230 S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pig, Bar and Railroad Iron. Siemens’ Regenerative) HENRY LEVIS & CO., OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &c. e A S FURN A CF Manufacturers’ Agents ans, son For I ; sa OF Iron Sheet Loman General Raivay “| Allentown Iron Co. and the RICHMOND & POTTS, on Gate Poe 119 8. Fourth St. PHILADELPHIA, PA. | Kron. PHILADELPHIA. Kron, PHILADELPHIA. Old Rails, Axles, and Wheels bought and sold. STORAGE WHARF & YARD, 4 234 8S. 4th St., Philadelphia, DELAWARE AVENUE ABOVE CALLOWHILL STREET, —- connected by track with railroad. Cash advances made on Iron. The Cambria Iron and Steel Works, J. Wesley Pullman, Having enjoyed for over TWENTY YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality ef RAILS, 407 Walnut St., Philadelphia, MINER, SHIPPER have now an annual capacity of And Exclusive Sales Agent for Chester Iron Company’s Blue and Red Bessemer Ores, Hacklebarney, N. J., and Hoff Ore, Port 100,000 Tons of Iron and Steel Rails, Splice Bars, &. ee ee es eee ADDRESS, Kenvil, N. J. For Sale.—A limited amount of the celebrated CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, Hibernia Ore, Cornwall (N. Y.) Hematite, and ** Lake » (Magnetic Bessemer). No, 218 South 4th Street, Philadelphia. - J. W. HOFFMAN & CO., lron Merchants & Railway Equipments, eee ca CE N i X i R O N C O 208 South Fourth St., Philadelphia. a9 Sole agents Glasgow Iron Co. and Pine Iron Works manufacturers of Muck Bar and all grades of Plate 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Iron. Celebrated **Glasgow’’ and * Pine’? Manufacturers of brands for fire boxes and difficult feoging. Pig and - Qu CURVED, STRAIGHT AND HIPPED —_| sives'onluridge sanding Specideations. Wrought Iron Roof Trusses, Beams, Girders & Joists, and all kinds ef Iron Framing used in the construction of Iron Proof Buildings. DECK BEAMS, CHANNEL, ANGLE AND T BARS curvea to template, largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels. PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, For Top and Bottom Chords of Bridges. Railroad Iron, Street Rails, Rail Joints and Wrought Iron Chairs. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variety of SHAPE IRON made to Order. ed. Address, Plans and Specifications furnist ae DAVID REEVES, President. ALAN WOOD & CoO., MANUFACTURERS OF Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. Or LENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Pine St., N. ¥. STANDARD STEEL WORKS. Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom PLATE c& SHEET IRON No. 519 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. Manufactured from the celebrated OTIS STEEL. jally for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, eg ay Oy Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Iron. STANDARD. : Quality and efficiency fully guaranteed. Prices as low as any of the same quaHty. We manufacture and Light Forgings, Driving and Car Axles, c. J A S # ROW LA N D & 6 0), 5 Office, oso SE Pane. Pa. Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, WROUCHT IRON 920 North Delaware Ave., - - PHILADELPHIA, 7 Manufacturers of the Boiler Tu bes, Anvil Brand Refined Merchant Bar Iron.| Steam, Gas and Water Pipe. Also, the James Rowland & Co. Kensington Nails, cut from their Oil Well Tubing, Casing and 7! LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR WHEEL TIRES, Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel, Rounds, LINE PIPE. Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop Iron. Cotton Presses, Forgings, Correspondence with Dealers solicited. ROLLING MILL AND General Machinery. READING IRON WORKS. 261 S. Fourth St., Philadelphia, Connellsville Coke, ORES, Native and Foreign. FRANCIS WISTER, PENCOYD IRON WORKS. A. & P. ROBERTS & 00.41 Manufacturers of CAR ASLES. BAR, ANGLE, TEE AND CHANNEL IRON. r LF Office, No, 265 S. Fourth St., Philade!] phia. Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. FOUNDRY FACINGS. 230 South Third Street, Philadelphia. - ; Ss Best Coke for Furnace and Foundry Use. 216 South 4th St., Philadelphia, ATKINS BRO’S—BEAMS, SUPPLIES. QNVS ONIGINOW MANUFACTURERS’ FOUNDRY MACHINERY SAND, BITUMEN, GERMAN LEAD, SIEVES, AMERICAN LEAD, ANTHRACITE, SHOVELS, BRASS “ GRAPHITE, CHARCOAL, BRUSHES, CHANDELIER « ‘qi PLUMBAG®, MINERAL, CRUCIBLES, STOVE PLATE “ | J. Wi PAXSON & CO. | axe, 029223 tS eee CONS: sonte, Pe, ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILL COMPANY, Manufacturers of Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. Genera! Office, 303 Walnut St., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa. JAMES C. BOOTH. THOMAS H. GARRETT. ANDREW A. BLAIR. BOOTH, CARRETT & BLAIR, Analytical and Consulting Chemists, 919 and 921 Chant St. (10th St. above Chestnut St.), PHILADELPHIA, PA. Established in 1836. Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys of all kinds. A special department for the ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, fitted with all the apparatus and appliances for the rapid and accurate analysis of Iron, Steel, Iron Ores, Slags, Limestones, Coals, Clays, Fire Sands, &c. All analyses made by the members of the firm. Price lists on application. G. A. HEBERTON. S. Frank SHARPLESS. HEBERTON & CO.,, Selling Agents and Commission Merchants For the sale of Pig, Bloom, Plate, Bar, Scrap, Galvanized, Black, Sheet, Pipe and Railroad IRON. No. 333 Walnut S8t,, Phila. Charcoal Bloom and Pig a specialty, JUSTICE COX, Jr. JUSTICE COX, JR. & CO., AGENTS FOR Chickies, St. Charles, Montgomery and Keystone Foundry & Forge Pig Iron. CATASAUQUA MFG, CO.’S Bar, Angle, Skelp and Sheet Iron. RAILROAD CAR AXLES. NEW AND OLD RAILS. No. 333 Walnut St., Philadelphia. PETER WRIGHT & SONS. 307 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, 52 Broadway, New York, 44 Second Street, Baltimore, Importers of German and English SPIEGELEISEN, Pig, Scrap, NEW AND