The Iron Age 1880-03-04: Vol 25 Iss 10

, 1880, rd ther IALTY, y NIVES Mass +HT, , tough BOF Cas! , Shoe:, 12.0 wrough: iG AR! "ey on cting. eof o 9° eo 0 © ers. The Iron Age A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades, Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Vol. XXV : No. ro. New Yi ork, a ‘Sursday. Mf prck 4, —@¢—_——_——_ aS IS8o. Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. —4 Séngle Copies, Ten Cents. Notes on the Blast Furnace.* BY J. M. HARTMAN, One of the most important subjects to the blast furnace engineer is a thorough knowl- edge of the conditions affecting the tempe- rature in the different portions of the fur- nace. All efforts to decrease the consumption of fuel and improve the working of the fur- nace must be based upon it, and I may, therefore, be permitted to place before you the results of my observations and detail the conclusions to which they have led me. At the bottom of a blast furnace making No. 3 iron a temperature of about 2900 de- grees exists, and passing upward the tem- rature increases slightly to a point just low the tuyeres, where it is lowered, be- cause the blast enters at a temperature lower than that prevailing in the interior. A short distance above the tuyeres the oxy- - a YY Hy) \ / \\ \ \ LLIN \ | 16 FUSION! LIMIT \\ \ WAN \ \ \ HA \\ WHA \ WX \ HH \ HY Wf Hii CLE temperature is the result. Further down a | zone is reached where a temperature. of 750 | degrees prevails. It is here that the lime- | stone begins to part with its carbonic acid, if |pure calcite is used, while dolomitic lime- stone requires a higher temperature before its carbonic acid can be expelled. From this zone downward the heat increases until the iron and cinder begin to melt, a process during which the latent heat necessary to accomplish fusion is absorbed. From the lower limits of this region down to a point about 3 feet above the tuyere, the | atmosphere of pure carbonic oxide protects 'the shots of falling iron from burning, and reduces any fugitive pieces of ore escaping the zone of fusion. From about 3 feet above | the tuyere to about 6 inches below them, an atmosphere of mostly carbonic acid exists. This space is called the zone of combustion, and it is upon the extent of this region that | the rapidity of the driving of the furnace or | | : ; ; |of the gas, and, therefore, an increase of | The specific heat of ore and stone is twice that of coal. Running on a burden of one pound of coal to one pound of ore, more heat is developed than is required. The descending stock cannot absorb the large volume of heat coming up, and consequently the furnace becomes hot to the top. This excess of heat is partly absorbed by the, decomposition of some of the carbonic acid in the gas by the glowing coal at the top, earbonic oxide being formed. As _ this amount of coal is lost to the furnace, it is wasted. This waste, however, acts advantageously, by causing less coal to reach the hearth, and thus hindering the make of iron high in silicon. This evil ex- ists more widely than is generally supposed, as it is, to a certain extent, self-corrective. If the burden is increased, say two pounds of ore to one of coal, andthe same volume of blast used, then the heat returned per hour to the hearth from the ore and stone will be double. This heat, in combination with a the volume ef entering blast depends. ' higher temperature of the blast, replaces the 65 Fig. 2.—Shape of Furnace after Six Months’ Operation. gen of the blast has been consumed in the formation of carbonic acid, and then the in- tensity of combustion is greatest. The car- bonic acid, im ascending, is immediately converted to carbonic oxide by the action of | glowing coal present on all sides. This process absorbs heat and lowers the temperature, giving at the same time a powerful reducing atmosphere. Passing up- ward the heat gradually decreases, until at a certain point it suddenly falls off, because liquefaction of the ore, stone and iron absorbs heat. From this zone upward, the tempera- ture decreases until the region is reached where the carbonic acid in the limestone is expelled, a process which leads to further absorption of heat. The decline of the temperature is continuous and uniform from this zone to the top, where the temperature is about 250 degrees when the furnace is working well. Graphically these variations may be expressed in the manner shown in Fig. 1. A charge of coal, ore and stone descends about 3 feet per hour (if the furnace is driven properly), absorbing heat from the upward current of gas until it has reached a tem- erature of about 570 degrees, when the ores gin to part with theiroxygen. The quan- tity of heat absorbed in deoxydizing the ores is less than the heat developed by the union of the oxygen of the ores and carbonic oxide ~ * Read at the New York meeting of the Ameri- can Institute of Mining Engineers, BLAST From the hearth or bottom of the furnace to | the zone of fusion the furnace is filled with | glowing coal, although occasionally a stray piece of refractory ore or stone will be found below it. When cold air is blown into a charcoal fur | nace the fire would go out, were it not that | the fire already in the hearth imparts suffi- | cient heat to the air and coal to keep up |combustion. This, however, drains the of combustion, a deficiency which has to be but the intensity required to melt the iron and cinder can only be got by using extra is blown into the furnace, the charcoal will fire without the aid of further heat, and the drain of heat on a hearth using cold blast is avoided. For coke the blast must be heated to about 1000 degrees, while fully 1300 de- grees is required for anthracite. Concentration of heat at the tuyeres is one of the first aims for successful furnace work. This can only be obtained by large hearths, hot blast, heavy burden and rapid driving. The descending stock in the fur- nace collects the heat from the ascending gas and carries it down to the hearth again, increasing the intensity of combustion at that point, an important matter when it is considered that the intensity of combustion in the hearth determines the grade of iron. | st \ \ \ t \ ee | — —.~ \ ‘\ \ \ 2% C.O° OF STONE LET-OF ——SS SS SS SS SSS CARBONIC OXIDE ~~. — a =e from the wear of stock. This line between the smooth and rough surface marks the limit of the zone of fusion, and its hight is deter mined by the volume of air entering the furnace per minute. The number of cubic feet of air entering per minute, divided by five, will give the cubic contents of the zone from the top of fusion limit down to the tuyeres, for charcoal ; dividing it by four wili give it for coke, and dividing by three will give it for anthracite. These fignres have been determined by measuring the area spoken of and comparing it with the air en- tering per minute in a number of furnaces, and, for all practical purposes, it will be found correct. Mr. Dan. Morgan, founder of the Penn- sylvania Iron Company, wishing to deter mine the hight of the melting point in the furnace, took four bars of 11-inch square iron, placed them on different points and lowered them through his open-top furnace until the bottom ends ought to have reached the tuyeres. After they were in one month “(FUSION LIMIT , \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1 1 \ \.CARBONIC ACID Fig. 1.—Descent of Stock and Thermal Line. FURNACE LINES AS AFFECTED BY THE WORKING. pound of coal which it saves, and at the same time doubles the yield of iron. The descent of stock in the furnace is governed entirely by the rapidity of com- bustion at the tuyeres. A true test of the furnace is the number of tons of material passing through in 24 hours, be it é¢oal, or ore and stone. If the volume is large the furnace is well proportioned, and the greater the proportion of ore in the total stock the | hearth of its heat and impairs the intensity | larger will be the yield of iron. The action of the blast furnace having been made up by the addition of more charcoal. | described, the form of furnaces will be con- The quantity or volume of heat is sufficient, | sidered. Taking a modern furnace (see Fig 1) the descent of the stock will be represented by the curved dotted lines shown in Fig. 1. fuel. If, however, air heated to 800 degrees! In the upper part the sides travel quicker than the center. From the bosh down the sides travel slower than the center. When a furnace of this shape has been in blast six months and it has been worked up to full capacity, it will assume the shape given in Fig. 2. Starting from the tuyeres we find, at a point about 3 feet above them, that the walls are cut back, and that from there upward they are nearly vertical, until a short distance above the mantel is reached, when the walls are again cut back. This latter cutting away is due to the fact that the thick walis above the mantel retain the heat and allow the brick to burn away. Con- tinuing upward we arrive at a point where the rough, fretted surface of the walls sud- denly disappear, and the walls are smooth| The circumference of a furnace of 20 feet | first on one side and then on the other, | took the stock out in buckets until they got iclearing this floor off, a hole was broken ‘through it, which showed it to be 15 inches bosh is 63 feet. while the circumference of this furnace at the fusion limit is about 44 feet. The stock immediately on the bosh and sliding down as a whole is about 30 inches thick, while the balance of the stock in the central portion travels independently and much more rapidly. A compression or squeezing together of 63—44—1I9 feet has to take place in the stock traveling down the slope of the bosh. If the stock is pasty it squeezes together and jams, as above de scribed. This ring or ‘‘ skew-back” lodges the stock above it up to the top of the furnace |(see Fig. 4 page 3). The stock descending through the middle of the furnace by its side thrust retains this lodged stock in a vertical position, making a dry wall of it This cuts off the reducing area of the furnace and proves Cochrane’s law—that the yield of a furnace shows its working area. When | this lodgment or scaffold occurs, the lodged part collects heat at the bottom, which ac- | cumulates and works np to the top of the ‘furnace. The stock against the walls under FUSION LIMIT Fig. 3.—Proposed Form of Furnace. they were pulled out, and all of them found | the bell becomes red hot, while the stock in burned off exactly 7 feet 6 inches above the tuyeres. The ends were burned square off, showing that there was a sudden change of temperature at their ends. Some time after | this the men at this furnace, after running out the iron at the 6 o’clock cast, struck and went home. As neither persuasion nor fair offers could induce the men to resume work, Mr. Morgan finally got some laboring men to clean out the furnace, which had by that time chilled. After shoveling out for some time through the tuyeres the coal stopped descending, and on examination it was found that a straight and well-defined ceil- | ing extended across the bosh. As they could not get it down, they went to the top and | down to what appeared to be a floor. After thick. This ceiling was 7 feet 6 inches up from the tuyeres, and corresponded to the hight at whieh the rods were burned off, In this case the zone of fusion lost its beat and set firmly across the bosh. | lf sufficient heat gets above the fusion limit of a blast furnace to paste the stock | and yet not fuse it, this stock jams on the bosh, forming a ring which, if the stock above cannot push it down to the fusion! limit, allows this ring to become perma nently set and so obstruct the flow of stock. the center is cold. This has led to the idea that a furnace sometimes works up her walls, while the reverse is the case. After a fur- nace has been in this condition for some time, the attrition of the stock and an in cfease of temperature sufficient to melt th: skew-back causes the latter to give way, and the scaffold gradually slides downward in the furnace. While the furnace is meltin up the seaffold it becomes extremely hot, because the work of reduction has been don: thoroughly and carbon stored up in the scaffold. The founder in this case increases | his burden and drives the furnace. As soon as this scaffold part is worked out the furnace turns on white iron, unless the | founder has reserve heat in his hot blast When a furnace in this scaffolded condition is blown down, the dry wall around the | sides falls in and no trace of it can be found When the founder gets the furnace blown down to the bosh and finds no seaffuld, he re fills ; but in a short time the old trouble shows itself. From the foregoing explanations it | will be seen that the difficulty is that he did | not blow it down to this ring or skew-back Furnaces built the usual shape, cut out so ;much above the tuyeres that the engin: and hot blast are not large enough to handle this space, the blast, having so large |a space to fill, shuffles about from side to | side of the furnace, causing it to work hot As — Se — 5 THE lk AGE. March 4, 1880, CB ive, ete. FActals. The Plume & Atwood Mfg. Company, FActals. ANSONIA ga BRASS & COPPER CO.,, (ay (BE No. 19 Cliff Street, Phelps Building, NEW YORK. _ FAetals. PIIILIP L. MOEN, CHARLES F. WASHBURN, y President & Treasurer. Vice President & Secretary. g MANUFACTURERS OF SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, Washburn & Moen Mfg. Co. Establis ~ German Silver and Gilding Metal, Pree Om 2083. Capital, $1,500,000 WORCESTER, MASS. WIRE DRAWERS. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER Waterbury Brass Co. CAPITAL, - - $400,000. IN Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, &c. Sheet, Roll and Platers’ Brass, , , Copper CERMAN SILVER, Seamless Brass & pp Coiieiey teas and German tibia Wine, Copper Rivets and Burs, [ae : . Tubing. BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, Keroseone Burners, ag | Ansonia Corrugated Stove Platforms.) COPPER RIVETS & BURS, Lamp Trimmings, &c. Patent Galvanizing, Rolling and Tempering, AF PURE COPPER WIRE BRASS KETTLES, MANUFACTURERS OF v j Por Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Door Rail, Brass Tags, 80 Chambers Street, New York. TRON, AND IRON AND STEEL WIRE i a | Prosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. PERCUSSION CAPS, 13 Federal Street, Boston. Of Every Shiceaieith , - | J : ion. Ba | ANSONIA a REFINED POWDER FLASES, 109 Lake Street, Chicago. Sap Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &c Rolling Mill, | Factories, : ; ____INCOT COPPER. __ ¢ artridge Metal in Sheets of She j Description. | THOMASTON, Ct. | WATERBURY, Ct. A SPECIALTY MADE OF } ole nts for the 7 | a PHELPS DODGE & C0, Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- Bridge ort Brass Co GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE, 1 J ing Goods and Wood’s Paper iy GALVANIZED TELEPHONE WIRE, IMPORTERS OF ie Shells. ‘iat i MANUFACTURERS OF fT PATENT STEEL WIRE BALE TIES, TIN PLATE, 206 Broadway, New York, _ watersuny,| Sheet and Roll Brass, Lia ROOFING PLATE, | 189 Eddy St., Providence, R. 1. Conn. Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, iia AND PUMP CHAIN. . NEW YORK OFFICE: ST. LOUIS OFFICE: ‘IMICAGO OFFICE. | Sheet tron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, BROWN'S PATENT German Silver Metal and Wire, £1 Chiff Ste 707 No, Second St. aan a? tate th Copper and lron Rivets. OILERS and CUSPADORES, | LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, Zinc, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. PICTURE H 00 K Clocks & Fly Fan Movements. | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS. CLIFF STREET, NEW Y ORK. *| Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and | - — manufacturing Meta! Goods. SCOVI L L MM FC co Warranted to hold 100 Ibs. MANUFACTORY, Warrnovuse, an : id VT a ss Manufactured only by —- Conn. 19 Murray St., N. ¥. Ti Manhattan Brass Co., Ist Ave., 27th to 28th St., New York. Solid brass, price, $4 per SSR kruss, leas 2 leas as % ¢ * dise ount. BUTTONS, ‘THE NEW HAVEN ano merw on, | COPPER 00. BRASS, Harrison Wire Company, sh pt HINCES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. ST. LOUIS, "0. = ce Un a Tros, W. Fitca, Cuas. F ~ pret und Trews Scum! ODO OOO OW a eae eee feat PHOTOGRAPHIC GOODS. MANUFACTURERS OF _— “ll kinds of NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS, DEPOTS, 419 & 421 Broome St, N, Y. Waterbury, Com. | 965 Pearl Street, New VYerk. IRON & STEEL WIRE Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York. ‘outta. New Yor Gy. Manufacturers of and Dealers in ao EIOWARD cx MORSE, s ° fn j Brass, Copper and Iron WIRE CLOTH, . DICKERSON, | AN DUSEN & C0., Br azier $ & Sheathing Wire Wire Mill Specialties. Locomotive Spark Wire Cloth, Iron Wire Bolting Cloth, “ Tin Plt, Pig Tin Sheet Iron, Cooper,| COW PER. Holmes, Booth & Haydens, Sr» and Raitroad tanterns, signal Lights, Conductor's Lancer WATERBURY, CONN. Desk and Office Railing, Riddles, Coal »nd Sand Screens, Nursery Wire, Zinc, Ete. Kettle Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, Rivets, N. J. 117 Liberty Street THE JOHN A. ROEBLING'S SONS 0, MANUFACTURERS OF WIRE ROPE) o.isnve, |Lron and Steel we Steel and Copper | Telegraph Wire, WIRE B Hotsting iat of all Market Wire, Kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Ship Rigging, Sash Cords,/ Vineyard Wire. Lightning Hods, 4c., &e. Buckle Wire, Spring Wire, Suspension Bridge Cablés. Rivet Wire, &c., &e. GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE Ms For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, &e. CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND, H: ____ Address, HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesha Wilkesharre, Luzerne Co., Pa. at FELTEN & GUILLEAUME, 7 Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germany, PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE, Y For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables, ‘ SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, 7 ad 29 & 31 Clif 8t., cor, Fulton, NEW YORK. BOSTON, Fenders and Spark Guards, Ornamental | Wire Fence, . DICKERSON & CO,, Liverpool. © NEW ¥oRK.! Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, &c. | 49 chambers st. 29 Setecal 8, | 1 * Established 1837. Incorporated 18746. Manufacturers of all kinds of WORKS ee oO Ee B Li fe CG Ss © WATERBURY MFG. CO., tis.tamt emu sim!" prppperegeegnanes "st ' ROLLED AND IN SHEETS. = | Seen en wom (UND : ee en Saeeweeee BRASS & COPPER WIRE, ‘ ) Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. BRASS & IRON HE) SACK CHAJN, DOOR RAIL. German Silver Spoons, SILVER PLATED FORKS & SPOONS, Kerosene Burners. &c. JOHN DAVOL. & SONS, Brooklyn Brass and ‘an Copper Co., ore “77. a? = BRASS GOODS =e ; Manufacturers, oa sorters and Dealers, -~* N. & G. TAYLOR Co., Philadelphia. olesale and Retail, Es sABLISHED 1810. in all kinds of Tin PLATES. A specialty for sizes used in the manufacture of| NW, & G. TAYLOR Co. Cheese Vats, Can make any size Cream Pans, Sheet Tin, Hoofing Tin, Milk Cans Sheet Zine, Sheet Iron, ’ Sheet C onrers Sheet Lead. Cotton Cans, &c. Market Wire, Fence Wire Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, Cc Ingot Copper, Spelter Lead, Tin, Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, ___—«BOW John! Street,N.¥s N.Y. sheet BR Send for our special prices and list ry Sizes. oe _— / re (ee cree oe ee ‘ a — TRENTON IRON COMPANY, PASSAIC ZINC CO. (INCORPORATED 1847), TRENTON, NEW i ERSEY, MANUFACTURERS OF IRON and STEELWIRE Pure Spelter FOR Cartridge Brass, Gas Fixtures, Bronzes AND ALL FINE WORK. OF ALL CRADES, Also for BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED;| Getvanizers & Brass Founders. Iron and Steel Wire Rods; MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'l Agents EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. ——=snagee e Flusseisen, Swedish and German Charcoal Wire. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal Iron Wire; |@eo. W. Prentiss & Co., ; spnremieie. “ania aes a : 1 80 Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. NOTRE SERRE. GRE AOE oF eee =z Winks Th °o 1arcoal and * wedish Iron and Steel, also with h conductivity, and in long lengths, Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths. IRON WIRE. GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, se For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, 4 and 7 ply Strand, Staples, &c. Annealed and Oiled Fencing Wire, round and oval. WIRE ROPE a __ Bopresented ie New York by COOPER, HEW ire & CO, 17 Burling © Sip. BRODERICK & BASCOM, OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, MANUFACTURERS OF . | E G R A Pp i : Contractors to the German and Foreign gc s mz The oldest house in the branch on the Con Bright, © Copp Annealed ‘and Tin tinent. gelegraph Address, (ARLS\ .E mi, a OL Ou NK, Als ae N SOREW WIRE, "ae —— J. WOOL GRISWOLD, | tyeoaq WIRE RAILING AND Ornamental Wire Works. co HOLLOW WARE, wWwiRkz, DUFUR & CO. 9 36 North Heward &t., Baitimere. -oxe C 8 | Sole Agent for Foxell, Jones & Co., manufacturers of Manufacturer of and Broker in | stanufac tare WIRE RAILING for Cemet ries, Baleo PIG IRON, |S ea Woven’ Wire rs uwes,, Sand and Coal TROY, N. Y¥. Seen a en Chairs, 78 Beekman Street, New York City, ‘es By 9 March “4,"1880, | 0. LINDEMANN & (0., Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of Spring Brackets for Bird Cages, | And manufacturers of the largest variety of Japanned, Brass and Tin-Plated Bird Cages in this Country. Catalogues furnished to the trade. 254 Pearl Street, New York. THE IRON AGE. CARY «& MOEN, OULD LLLLELLLLEPLEE UE ECL ELERRLLLELLAALL Fd Manufacturers of STEEL WIRE forall purposes and STEEL SPRINGS of every description. ULLAL MALE A ALLEL Market Stee! Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Spriags, constantly on hand. | 934, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, - - YALE LOCKS, - NEW YORK, YALE LOCK MFC. CO. Hog OFFICE STAMFORD, AND WORKS, COONN., SALESROOMS, 53 Chambers St., 3G Pearl St., JSommerce St New Boston. “9 Work. Philadelphia, BROWN & BROTHERS, 81 Chambers St., N. Y. Waterbury, Conn. Manufacturers of BRASS, COPPER AND GERMAN SILVER, In Sheets, Rolls, Rods, Wire, Tubing, Rivets and Burs, Etc. ALSO, Seamless Brass & Copper Tubing. PATENTED SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER HOUSE BOILERS, warranted to stand 200 Ibs. pressure and guaranteed against vacuum. PATENTED SPRING TEMPERED SHANK, SILVEK-PLATED, FLAT TABLE WARE, in rich designs. _ GERMAN SILVER SPOONS AND FORKS. St Louis Malleable Iron Company, 2116 MARKET STREET, ST. LOUIS, M0. Henry M,. FIuiey, Joun D, Friniey, President. Secretary. | MANUFACTURERS OF Malleable and Gray Iron Castings, GENERAL HARDWARE, &e. | ROME IRON WORKS, Manufacturers of per and German Silver | (In Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), COPPER & BRASS RIVETS AND BURS. ‘Rome, New York. P. W.GALLAUDET, _ Banker and Note Broker, Nos. 38 and & Wall Street,” NEW YORK. HARDWARE, METAL, IRON RUBBER, SHOE, PAPER AND PAPER-HANGINGS, LUMBER, COAL AND RAILROAD PAPER WANTED. ADVANCES MADE ON BUSINESSS PAPER AND OTHER SECURITIES, caer ik ae ° 10 WALL 57, ae ) ‘ <a , I. ScHoenserG, Pres. S. BuonpHerm, Sec’y. The Schoenberg Metal Mfg. to, Manufacturers of and Dealers in ry > SOLDER, TY! E, | Stereotype, Electrotype and Babbitt Metals, imp xrters of Block Tin, Antimony, &c. Refiners of | sad, Spelter, &c. Highest price paid for Old Me tals 7 al: kinds of Dross. 5°2s ana 530 East 20th Street, between Avenues A & B, New York. Ss. Le. SAMUEL. P. O. Box 1300. &7 Cedar St., N. Y. Manufacturers’ EXPORT Agent for Hardware, Brassware, Gtaceware, | WOODEN WARE, Kerosene Goods, Burners, w icks, Oll, ; Late Agent for Wm. H. Samvet & Co. Orders sent direct will save the purchaser all inter- mediate prone. R. SELLEW & CO.) Dealer in METALS, Tin Plate, Sheet Iron, Copper, «¢. SAINT Ts. i | | j i | j MANUFACTURERS OF Improved Carpenters’ Tools, STANLEY RU L. iE AND LEV EL CoO., FACTORIES, New Britain, Conn, WAREROOMS, 29 Chambers St., New York, Manufacturers of Bailey’s Patent Adjustable Planes. Agents for the sale og Leonard Bailey & Co.’s ** Victor #lanes,*? This Advert eoment is Changed Every Weck, D, J, MORRELL, Treasurer, D. G, GAUTIER, Chairman CHAS. DOUGLASS, Gen’ Supt. GAUTIER STEEL CO., LIMITED. STEEL, WIRE and SPRINGS. WORKS, JOHNSTOWN, PENN. Brass, Gilding Metal, Cop-) Eastern Warehouse, 93 John St, N, Y.; Philada. Warehouse, 505 Commerce St. MONITOR TIN PLATE WORKS, 54 Clift Street, New York, and all special sizes, shapes, gauges and qualitis Guaranteed Equal in Every Respect to Best Imported. Manutacturers of LARGE TINNED SHEETS for DAIRY and OTHER PURPOSES, COTTON CANS, »3, from 10 to 40 inches wide, 1° to 95 inches long. CONDIT, WICK & CO., Wholesale Dealers i Iron Manufacturers and Merchants, | Sheet, Tank and Plate Iron, Nails, Glass, Horse Shoes, Horse Nails, and other articles of HEAVY HARDWARE, MANUFACTURERS OF CLEVELAND, OHIO. “oo C ENGLE FACING MILLS AND PLUMBAGO WORKS, CINCINNATI, - Foundry Facings and Blackings, Black Lead and Lubricating Plumbago, Foundry Supplies, Monk’s Molders’ Tools, Molding Sands, Our Return Facings are used by all first-class Stove ings are used by the S. Government, by the leading Railroad Foundries, and wherever heavy castings are made, u, te QUALITY GUARANTEED THE BEST, ss. OBE RMAYWY — re COXE BROS. & CO., GENERAL OFFICE, & Manufacturers, SEND FOR PRICES. _ x3 CO., of Iron and Metals, 12 & 14 Trinity Building, 111 Broadway, BRANCH OFFICE, 206 Walnut Place, Philadelphia, E. B. & S. W. ELY, Agents, P. 0. Box 262, N. Y. Prop’rs. ‘Cross Creek Lehigh Coal. The Purity and Strength of this Coal especially adapt it for the workt New York, Our Heavy Black- at the heat cannot be concentrated, white iron results; the furnace is blown out and a new bosh put in. By taking a furnace of the proposed form (see Fig. 3), and placing the bosh far enough above the fusion limit to avoid the danger of the jamming of the stock on the bosh, the difficulties of the old form are avoided. Any pastiness of stock will occur between verti enl walls, the heat will be concentrated and the blast equalized, The only objection to extending the bosh so high is that it will add 10 per cent, to the hight of the furnace. As its upper part is simply a hopper to hold the stoe during reduction, its shape will be im- material so long as the charging apparatus can distribute the stock evenly. The man- tel of this furnace is higher than any used (exce 8 that on Lucy No. 2, Pittsburgh), and is placed 2 fect below the fusi ion limit, which can now be ascertained closely. The well is formed of a 12-inch wall, and surrounded by a water jacket extending from the mantel to below the hearth line. I would advise that two pyrometers be placed in the sides of the furnace above the bosh, to determine the interior temperature and detect any change of heat, and that one be located in the escaping flue, in order to ascertain the temperature of the gas, as it is necessary to maintain a certain equilibrium of temperature in each zone of the furnace, because the iron will change as soon as one Sn ae a . . } ‘ } ‘ ee, eee the coal, there are indications of old work- ings. A shaft 4 to 5 feet in diameter reaches the coal at about 14 yards from the surface, and from it the coal has been worked away by a mode which appears to have been sim- ilar to the ‘‘ punch and thirl”’ system. Tho greatest depth of these old workings is gen- erally not more than 16 yards, and they are drained by an adit from the lowest point In one of these an oaken shovel was found buried in the débris, and as the workings did not seem to date back further than the latter part of the sixteenth century, good mining work has evidently been suceessfully accomplished (the shaft of this pit being of admirable construction) with far ruder implements, in many cases, than we are aware of. Owing to the high dip of the beds of this al field, 14 to 16 inches to the foot, the coal ions to be worked by a system of pillars, 40 feet long by onlv 10 feet thick, the great in clination not allowing them to be any broader. The mode of working adopted throughout this section cau be explained in afew words The main level or ‘ horse road” is driven horizontally with the cleat of the eoal, togetier with an ‘‘ air-head,” 10 yards off on the upper side, which is ‘‘thirled” into every 20 yards for ventila tion. This air-head afterward takes the re- turn air from the workings to the ‘‘ up-take,”’ and no miner is allowed to enter it. At FUSION LIMIT Notes on the Blast Furnace.—Fig. 4.—Skew-back in a Furnace. zone encroaches on another. To establish and maintain this equilibrium is the work of the future. A furnace built as above de scribed will retain its shape and take a cer- | tain uniform volume of blast, because the contents of zones of combustion and reduc- tion will bear a fixed relation to one another io ith reserve power in the stoves, a burden ore can then be determined upon that needs no changing, as by varying the heat of the blast, iron of any quality can be pro lueed. a rhe North Staffordshire Coal and Iron District.* BY WM. HAMILTON MERRITT. The North Staffordshire coal field has the Cheshire and Lancashire flelds some 35 miles to the north, those of Derbyshire and Notting hamshire 40 miles to the east, those of South Staffordshire and Shropshire about 30 miles to the south, and the Derbyshire and Flint hire fields some 40 miles to the west It is highly probable that the coal continues under the new red sandstone to the Western and Southern fields, as the dips on both sides, and absence of large faults, make it impos sible to come to any other conclusion. Ina etion of this coal field, from Chatterly to Whitfield, 32 workable seams of coal are shown, of an aggregate thickness of 130 feet, varying from 2 feet 6 inches to 7 feet, and 13 seams of ironstone, 24 feet, averag ing from 2to4 feet. All of these seams have been minutely described in a paper by Mr. Charles J. Homer, read in 1875 before the British Iron and Steel Institute. In the Northern part, to which | especially wish to direct your attention, the beds lie in a Y- shaped basin, the underlying millstone grit and Yaredale rocks, rising and forming es carpments on either side of the valley con- taining the coal. every 160 yards a ‘‘ bord” or “ brake-dip” (so called from a brake situated at the to ip to allow the full car to pull up the empty one) is driven ‘‘up bank” at right angles to the main level, the longest being 110 yards. A smaller bord for air is likewise run up beside this and thirled into every 10 yards On reaching the top, two drifts are put out from each brake-dip at 10 yards apart, and the air ‘“‘ bratticed” up by canvas for 40 yards, when it is thirled. These drifts from either side meet at 80 yards, and, after thirling again, the narrow pillars (of 40 by 10 yards, as before mentioned) are worked away against the cleat, the air being made to pass along g the face of the work, and then at once to the up-take air head. As soon as taking away the pillars above is fairly com- menced the next drift is driven, so that the working of the pillar above is always sli in advance of that immediately below. The ironstone in this district occurs, as before mentioned, in beds of abont 2 to 4 feet in thickness, interstratified with the coal, consisting chiefly of solid bands with occasional nodules, and sometimes contain- ing shélls of the bivalve anthracomya As the y are worked nearer the surface than th: tal on the west side of the valley (well seen at New Chapel), the dip is incon sider able. Owing to the thin beds, ponies are used entirely, and the mode of getting the stone to the main levels is one of the mcst primitive to be seen anywhere A man loads the ore on a wooden sle sigh, which he then drags on his hands and knees thro aaah a small road, made through the gob by pack ing up with stones on each side. Che iron stone is worked away in a face of 4 yards by ‘‘holing” the shale below and pu the shot in above The facilities for iron-smelting will readily conceived when it ia taken consideration that we have blast fy naces situated at the mouths of pits, wh ght y | work the seams of coal mentioned abev ‘Throughout this district, at the outcrop of | the ore a short mile off and beds of c erbonif. *Read before the New York meeting of the | American Lustitute of Minirg Engineers, erous limestone close at hand, worked by the Astbury Lime Company, The advaniages — aoa, —— — 5 a oS i Fee > el. hnesit etn cman = a ; = = c a v4 =< os a - + . * ‘ - = I *, a = a. = 7 = ; > 7 7 : = ae 4 THE IRON AGE: vom, ai Xr on, NEW YORK. NEW YORK. OGDEN & WALLACE, |A. B. Warner & Son, TRONS TET. | IRON MERCHANTS, co., IRON ‘& STEEL, 28 & 29 West and 52 Washington Sts. BOILER PLATE, AGENTS Boller Tubes, Angle, Tee & Girder lron, MIDVALE STEEL WORKS. A full assortment constantly on hand of Sole Agents for the celebrated Cast, Machinery, Tool, Spring, Tire, Sleigh Shee, Toe Calk, Plow and Blister Meel. “Eureka,” Pennocks, “Wawasset,” Lukens, Orders solicited for Brands of Iron. Alsoall descriptions of Plate, Sheet, Steel Tyres and Axles, Steel Forgings : and Cc astings. — PIERSON & CO. 24 & 26 Broadway, 77 & 79 New St., NEW YORK CITY. “PICKS” of all kinds, “ESOPUS” HORSE SHOE IRON, BEAMS, ANCLES, Tees, Channels, Sheets, Plates. All descriptions in stock. IRON & STEEL. ABEEL BROTHERS, Established 1765 by ABEEL & BYVANCK, Iron Merchants, 190 South Street and 365 Water, N. Y. ULSTERIRON/* A full assortment of all sizés constantly on hand. Refined Iron, Horse-Shoe Iron, Common Iropb, Band, Hoop and wores Jron, Sheet Iron, Norway Nail Rods, Norway Shapes, Cast, Spring and Tire Steel, ete. Iron, Fire Box Iron & specialty. ROME MERCHANT IRON MILLS, ‘esiunideemaee a fy oe y grade of Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops, Scrolls, ove, Half Ovals, Half Rounds, Hexagon and ron. Also from Charcoal Pig a superior ed balls re quality o of Iron branded J.G. All pudd y hammer. Geders 5 may be sent to the Millo 7 to J. O. CARPENTER, our Agent, at 59 Joh Street, New York. MARSHALL LEFFERTS, 90 Beekman S8t., New York City, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER. Galvanized Sheet Iron, Ist and 2d Qualities. Galvanized wt gy raph and Fence ; Galvanized Hoop an alvanized Rod and Bar Iron, Galvanized Nails, Galvanized Chain, Galvanized Iron CORRUGATED SHEET IRON For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted. Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common SHEET IRON. Plate and "Tank Iron, C H No. CH Be. 1 Flange, Best Flange, Bost | Flange Fire Box, Circles. BOILER IRON Stamped and Guaranteed. All a of Iron Work Galvanized or Tinned to Price Het ry quotations sent upon application. W. BAILEY LANG, Sole Agent In United States & Canada for LOW-MOOR IRON COMPANY, NO. 50 BEEKMAN ST., NEW YORK. JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., SCOTCH AND AMERICAN PIG IRON, No. 69 Wall St., New Y ork, ULSTER IRON WORKS, 90 Broadway, New York. A. R. Whitney, Manufacturer of and Dealer in IRON, cs soa 5s Thomas ana | eaten 12, 14416 Worth 8 Our on ‘s Manufacturing Iron Used in the Con- struction of Fire-Proof Buildings, Bridges, &c. d jue furnished, and contracts made rae m Structures of every description. ng cuts of all Iron made sent on ap- plication by mail. eces at office. pecs addre: wamagee Gases 58 Hudson Street. “BORDEN & LOVELL, Commission Merchants|— 70 & 7i West St., eet =60 —- = New York. Agents for the sale of Fall River lron Co.’s Nails, Bands, Hoops & Rods. AND 0. W. GRAVES & CO., METAL BROKERS, |_ Cor. Cliff and Beekman Sts., New York, TIN PLATE, PIG TIN, IRON WIRE, SHEET IRON, BRASS and COPPER GOODS, &c. Borden Mining Company’s Cumberland Coals. ELIZABETHPORT ROLLING MILL, Elizabethport, N. J., Common and Refined BAR IRON, Fish Plates, Spikes, &c. Address, DANIEL W. RICHARDS & CO,, Importers of and Dealers s in Scrap Iron and Metals, », New York. PATERSON, N. J. lron Bridge Builders And Manufacturers of Beams, Channels, Angles, |~ THES, | Merchant Iron, &c., &c. New York Office, 1 38 © hambers Street, WATTS COOKE, President | _W. ¢ a FAYERWEATHER, ER, Treas surer, “CARMICHAEL & EMMENS, DEALERS IN lron & Steel Boiler Plate, Lap Welded Boiler Tubes, &c., &c. 130 & 132 Cedar Street, New York, Agent for Otis’ Ooatesville Iron Co HUGH W. ADAMS, DEALER IN FOREIGN AND AMERICAN ! RAILWAY, PIG AND SCRAP IRON, Estimates furnished for all kinds of Lron Work Sc PINE STREET, NEW 3 ORK. WILLIAM H. WALLACE & C0., IRON MERCHANTS Cor. Albany & Washington Sts., NEW YORK CITY. Wu H. WALLACE. Wu. BIsPHamM. DANIEL F. COONEY, L ate of and Ap nae rto Jas. H. — & Ce. ashington St., N. BOILER PLATES and SHEET IRON, WELDED BOILE eer ives, Angle & r wat = Nails ‘ Shen Agency for Potts was oO. Vie duct In m Works ye ban o Re tiing Mil Ir 1 We pa » Lavell Iro " we wk 8, The Bergen ES ing Mills, at Je ersey Cit Houdlette & Ellis. Manufacturers of and Dealers in MERCHANT BAR IRON, Homogeneous Steel and iron Boiler Plates. and The Laurel Rolling Mills. Sheet and Tank Iron ae ller, Tank and Safe Ri Best Lap- sweldes — Boiler Tubes | wr maght Ino = Girder, Deck, and Chau nel Beams le, T and Groove d ly Btec oat = orgings, Besseme = ike el Cut Nails Genuine and Stan fard Babbitt Me *tals Creseent Brand Journal Bearings 29 te 31 Batterymarch Street, Beston. | J. S. SCRANTON, Sales Agent, HORSE SHOES. Burden Iron Works, H. Burden & Sons, H. B. & §. Bar Iron. American & English Refined Iron. Tuckerman, Mulligan & Co EGLESTON BROS. & CO.. }66 South St | NEW YORK CITY, Passaic Rolling Mill Co. tse Fron, OLD | Railroad, Mining and Seamsiie Supplies, | Room 5- ‘Glengarnock and Carnbroe celebrated Cast Stee! Boller Plates, The | For spot delivery and for prompt or forward shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, | Baltimore or New-Orleans, For sale in lots to suit by | Sole Agents for the United States, cur N. AILS Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. FULLER BROTHERS «CO., 139 Greenwich Street, New York. Xvon. NEW YORK. i % a, 98 William Street, New York. Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, Wrought Scrap, Cut Nails, Copper, BLOCK TI TIN, N. LEAD, SPELTER, ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &e &c HARRISON & GILLOON IRON AND METAL DEALERS, , 560, 562 WATER BT., and 802, 904, 306 CHERRY S8T., NEW YORK, have Scotch and and offer for ~~ the follows: and a Pi t, Cast and ery Sorap n, Car Wheels Wi and Heavy and Gasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive Machin ht Iron; valao, old Copper, Composit ition, Brass, Lead. wwter, Zine, OXFORD IRON CO., (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) Cut Nails AND SPIKES. 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, NEW YORK. BURDEN’S “Burden Best” lron Boiler Rivets. Troy, N.Y. ULSTER AND BURDEN’S Also Best Grades of All sizes arid shapes in stock B. F. JUDSON, Importer of and Dealer in SCOTCH AND AMERICAN Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, METALS. $3.4235 soucn ses} =~ NEW YORK. _W. S. MIDDLETON, BROKER AND BUYER OF IRON, Machinery, Hardware & Tools, 52 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK. SCOTCH PIG IRON, JAMES LEE & CO., 2 Pine Street, New York. I11 Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. - J The U.S. Iron and Tin Plate Co:, S N OW SHOE So OF PITTSBURGH, PA.,, BEST REFINED CHARCOAL AND Taggers Iron and Bessemer Steel Plate, in ony Fa size to suit the wants of consum- Sizes, from rox17 to 20x ELY & WILLIAMS, ; i John IRON and STEEL. PIG IRON, BLOOMS AND BAR BLOOMS Bonnell, Botsford & C0.,/*! wos tuuym tng. rata nade N. M. HOGLUND’S SONS & CO., Stockholm. Swedish & Norway lron of every d riptic aaa ‘and hiladelphia. Importation orders @ apec! GUSTAF LUNDBERG, ;3 Kilby st., Boston. ALBERT POTTS, Philadelphia Agent, 234 & 236 N Front Street. OFFICE, No, 116 Water St., Pessobergh, Pa, FIRE SAND AND CLAYS. March 4, 1880, Xvon. KvVON. PITTSBURGH. PITTSBURGH. W. 0. WOOD & C08 A. 6. HATRY, Commission Merchant. ( Bar, Sheet, Tank, Boiler, Angle, T, and Rallroad Iron, And Railroad Equipment. Nails & Spikes Steel & R. R. Supplies, ; WINDOW GLASS, GAS PIPE & BORAX. PITTSBURGH, PA. JUNIATA PATENT Planished Sheet Iron. Patented March 14th, 1865 ; April 8th, 1873 ; Sept. 9th, 1873; Uct. 6th, 1874; Jan. 11, 1876. Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, and at a much less price. FOR SALE, by all the principal METAL DEALERS ROADSTER PATTERN. [eee | In the Large cities throughout THE UNITED STATES. And at their Office, Manufacture to order The only Snow Shoes in the market that abso- satel I poe all balling and give universal satis- ‘proved Snow Shoe Shapes. Standard Sizes. $¢X7-16, 11-16X7-16, 4%xg-16, ¥3-16X7-16, 4X7-16, 4x% 15-16X46, 1X44, 1 1-16K%, 1 1-8X%. STEEL TOE CALKS. SHOENBERGER & CO CO., Pittsburgh, Portsmouth Iron and Steel Co., Successors to CAYLORD ROLLING MILL Co., Manufacturers of Siemens-Martin (Open Hearth) moras" STEEL BOILER PLATE, ~~ ©. A. von Bonnhorst. Agricultural and Machinery Steel and Steel Tire. POLISHED SHEET IRON, “tor ers. A et “op wanes Plates in Special Orders omenes. Inquiries promptly answered. Address P. O. Box 24, Pittsburgh hPa Works at Demmler, Allegheny Co., Pa, Eastern Sales Agents: 1232 Market a Phila. Oliver st. Rishon BANE, Dealer in cC. Old Rails, Wheels, Axles, Springs, Scrap, Turnings, &c., R. A. W I L S O N & Cc oO. "y | | ine, oanqzencens Iron Boiler Plate and Riveta, PIG IRON, — fF ~ & Sheet Iron, Wrought AND ORE, 88 Fourth ave., Cor, _ Wood st. st., <eieay. Spikes, Fish Bars Office a Weeks : — OHTO. J. C. LEW GEO. Ew! Pres't and Gen'l Sup't, Seep end tee Iron, Nails & Spikes, Keystone Rolling Mill, Williams, Long & McDowell, Manufacturers of Merchant Bar and Skelp Iron, Sheets and Plates of all sizes, Office, No. 87 Water Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. Mill at Sono, Second Avenue. ZUG & CoO., Pittsburgh, Pa., Manufacturers of YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. Agency of Stock on hand at Boston, | Wheeler's Iron & Steel Combination Shafting, Under license of the Combination Trust Co., Philadelphia. This Shafting is superior to any now on the market, and the attention of machinists is particularly called to it and a trial order solicited. Prices furnished on application. LEECHBURG If IRON WORKS. KIRKPATRICK, BI BEALE & CO. Manufacturers ‘of all grades of FINE SHEET IRONS, (Refined, Cold Rolled, Show Card, Stamping, Tea Tray, Polished, Shovel.) TIN AND TERNE PLATES, made with Natural Gas as fuel. WOBES, | Sesehburg Pa. Mill, Allegheny City, Pa. 3 Office, Cor. Water and Market | Sts., Pittsburgh, Pa. ANDREW KLOMAN, Pittsburgh, Pa., Manufacturer of STEEL AND IRON STRUCTURAL MATERIAL, Kloman Patent Universal Mill-Rolled Eye Bars. LIGHT STEEL AND IRON RAILS. MOULDING SAND. Albany Sand a Specialty, FOUNDRY FACINGS, Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. WHITEHEAD BROS. AMERICAN FACING CO, wm, WHITEHEAD, Treas., 517 W. 165th St. New York, 80. il y 6S. a eat eo ee ee eee, hor. March 4, 1880. KvoON. PHILADELPHIA. PHIL ADELPHI < . Siemens’ Regenerative For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and GA § FURN A CE e Sheet Iron and General Railway E snts. RICHMOND & POTTS, Old Rails, Axles, and Wheels bought and sold. 119 8. Fourth St.. PHILADELPAIA, PA. 234 8. 4th St., Philadelphia. The Gambria Iron and Steel Works,|~ Having enjoyed for over TWENTY YEARS the reputation of producing the best quality ef RAILS, have now an annual capacity of 100,000 Tons of Iron and Steel Rails, Splice Bars, &. ADDRESS, CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, No, 218 South 4th Street, Philadelphia. HENRY LEVIS & CO., Manufacturers’ Agents Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. ° Or LENOX SMITH, New York Tonk Somieg Agent Agent, 46 Pine St., N. ¥. THE PHCENIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of CURVED, STRAIGHT AND HIPPED Wrought Iron Roof Trusses, Beams, Girders & Joists, and all kinds ef Iron Framing used in the construction of Iron Proof Buildings. DECK BEAMS, CHANNEL, ANGLE AND T BARS curvea to template, largely used in the construction of Iron Vessels. PATENT WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, For Top and Bottom Chords of Bridges. Railroad Iron, Street Rails, Rail Joints and Wrought Iron Chairs. REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variety ot SHAPE IRON made to Order. Plans and Specifications furnished. Address, DAVID REEVES, President. ALAN WOOD & CO. _ MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom PLATE ct SHEET IRON, No. 519 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. ited especially for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, os ==. Ferrule, Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Iron. Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, 920 North Delaware Ave., - - PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of the Anvil-Brand Refined Merchant Bar Iron. Also, the James Rowland & Co. Kensington Nails, cut from their Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel, Rounds, Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop Iron. Correspondence with Dealers solicited. PENCOYD IRON WORKS. A. & P. ROBERTS & 00.,_, 1 Manufacturers of CAR AXLES. ‘ad BAR, ANGLE, TEE AND CHANNEL IRON. Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. r Le Office, No. 265 S. Fourth St., Philadeiphia. MANUFACTURERS’ FOUNDRY GQNVS ONIGINOW MACHINERY SAND, SIEVES, GERMAN LEAD, BITUMEN, AMERICAN LEAD, ANTHRACITE, SHOVELS, BRASS 66 GRAPHITE, CHARCOAL, BRUSHES, CHANDELIER ‘* PLUMBSEN, MINERAL, CRUCIBLES, STOVE PLATE * J. W. PAXSON & CO. 614, 618 and 618 Beach Btu, Phitadeiphe, Pa. ALLENTOWN ROLLING MILL _ COMPANY, Manufacturers of Rails, Bars, Axles, Shafting, Fish Bars (Plain and Angle), Spikes, Rivets, Bolts and Nuts, &c. Bridges and Turn Tables. General Office, 303 Walnut St., Philadelphia. Works at Allentown, Pa. JAMES C. BOOTH. THOMAS H, GARRETT ANDREW A, BLAIR, BOOTH, CARRETT & BLAIR, Analytical and Consulting Chemists, 919 and 921 Chant St. (10th St. above Chestnut St.), PHILADELPHIA, PA. Established in 1836. Analyses of Ores, Waters, Metals and Alloys of all kinds. A special department for the ANALYSIS OF IRON AND STEEL, the rapid and accurate analysis of Iron, Steel, Iron for fitted with all the apparatus and appliances All analyses made by the members of the firm, Ores, Slags, Limestones, Coals, Clays, Fire Sands, Kc, Prige liste on application, THE IRON AGE. kon. Edward J. Etting, IRON BROKER anp COMMISSION MERCHANT, 230 S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pig, Bar and Railroad tron. | Chickies, St. Charles, Montgomery eke os aad adores) gent for the Foundry & Forge Pig Iron. Allentown Iron Co. and the CATASAUQUA MFG, COS Coleraine Furnaces. Bar, Angle, Skelp and Sheet [ron. in ae ae icp tl al RAILROAD CAR AXLES. na Saadn aegiie o ee eae NEW AND OLD RAILS. connected by track with railroad Gash advances made on Iron. No, 333 Walnut S8t., Philadelphia. Kron. JUSTICE COX, Jr. CHARLES K, BARNS, JUSTICE COX, JR. & CO., AGEN : re |. Wesley Pullman,| PETER WRIGHT & SONS, 407 Walnut St., Philadelphia, 307 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, M ' N & Fe S yy } Pp Pp Ee Pp 52 Broadway, New York, 9 And Exclusive Sales Agent for Chester Iron £4 Second Street, Baltimore, Company’s Blue and KRed Bessemer Ores, Hacklebarney, N. J., and Hoff Ore, Port Also of the Brotherton Ore, Importers of German and English SPIEGELEISEN, Pig, Scrap, NEW AND OLD RAILS, And tron Ore. Oram, N. J. Kenvil, N. J. For Sale.—A limited amount of the celebrated Hibernia Ore, Cornwall (N. Y.) Hematite, and 66 Lake %? (Magnetic Bessemer). J. WwW. HOFFMAN & CO., lron Merchants & Railway Equipments. 208 South Fourth St., Philadelphia. Sole agents Glasgow Iron Co. and Pine Iron Works manufacturers of Muck Bar and all grades of Plate Iron. Celebrated **‘Glasgow’’ and * Pine’ E W CLARK & Co brands for fire boxes and difficult flanging. Pig and s s ad Bar Iron, Rails and all shapes in Iron. Quotations given on Bridge and Building Specifications. Bankers and Stock Exchange Brokers, No. 35 South Third St., Philadelphia, CLARK, POST & MARTIN, No. 34 Pine St., New York, Bankers and Railway Commission Merchants, THE Importers of Pig Iron, New and Old Raiis, Scrap Iron, &c. STANDARD D. W. R. READ. T. HORACE BROWN, D. W.R. READ & CO., General Commission Merchants, ORES, METALS, &c. STEEL WORKS. Spanish, toe and pean Ores or Iron, Manganese, &c. 205%; Walnut St., PHILADELPHIA, LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR WHEEL TIRES, Manufactured from the celebrated OTIS STEEL. BRAND “ia fl STANDARD. & Quality and efficiency fully guaranteed. Prices as low as any of the same quality. We manufacture Heavy and Light Tosgings, Driving and Car Axles, Crank Pins, Piston Re Works at Lewistown, Pa. Office, 220 S. 4th St., eas Pa, WROUCHT IRON Boiler Tubes, Steam, Gas and Water Pipe. Oil Well Tubing, Casing and LINE PIPE. Cotton Presses, Forgings, | ROLLING MILL AND General Machinery. READING IRON WORKS, 261 S. Fourth St, Philadelphia. J. O. RICHARDSON, IRON COMMISSION MERCHANT, 232 Dock St., Philadelphia, Railroad Iron and Iron Ores. Sole Agent for the MONOCACY FURNACE CO, DEALER IN MOSELEM, ROCKHILL, WARWICK, And other Favorite Brands. SILVER GREY IRON A SPECIALTY. LANGHORNE WISTER. RODMAN WISTER, L.& R. WISTER, Brokers and Commission Mer- Chants in Iron, Steel, &c. Office, No. one | Walnut St., Paltadetphia. A. PU RVES & SON, Corner South & Penn Streets, Phila., « Dealers in Scrap tron & Metals, Machinery, Tools, Shaftting & Pulleys, Steam Engines, Pumps & Bollers, Copper, Brass, Tin, Babbit Metals, Foundry Facings. Best Quality Ingot Brass, Cash paid for all kinds of Metals ana Tools. J. J. MOHR, [ron Commission Merchant, No, 430 Watnut Street, Philadelphia, Pig ar Connellsville Coke. ORES, Native and Foreign. | FRANCIS WISTER, 230 South Third Street, Philadelphia . Best Coke for Furnace and Foundry Use. | Sole Agent for the Sheridan and Leesport Furnaces J. EE’. BAILEY c& CO.,, 216 South 4th St., Philadelphia. 52 Wall St., (Ro@firs) New York. Selling Agents ATKINS BRO’S—BEAMS, CHANNELS, RAILS, &c, A. & P. Roberts & Co.—Car Axles, Plates, Channels, Tee, Angle and Bar Iron. Philadelphia Agents Central Iron Works, Harrisburg, Pa.—Boiler, Ship and Bridge Plates. WILLIAM McILVAIN & SONS—Boiler, Ship and Bridge Plates. BERWICK R. M. BARS AND SHAPE IRON. Advarces on Consignments of Old Material and sales promptly made, BRADLEE & CO., » Empire Chain Works, Y) Keystone Horse Shoe Co. 816 Richmond St., Philadelphia, Pa. Manufacturers of all kinds of Chains. Also of the Keystone Patent Selid Calk Horse and Mule Shoes, These Shoes are made of superior iror, com yletely finished and ready for cold shoeing; oe calks and clip. The holes are punched through at the proper angles and free from burrs. Same number of Shoes per keg ag in kegs of unfinished shoes HEBE ‘R'TON & COx,| CORRUGATED AND CRI RIMPED IRON | end Commission Merchant sete, ROOFING & SIDING, Selling Agents 5 For the sal of. “aT a < n= BR tings Roofs Pig, Bloom, Plate, Bar, Scrap, Galvanized, fe he act ~ tron ote age beoniotn Black, Sheet, Pipe and Railroad a Saylight», bridgen, &e. IRON, No. 333 Walnut st, . j 4 Charcoal Bloom and Pig a specialty, A MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO,