The Iron Age 1880-01-15: Vol 25 Iss 3

The Iron Age Published every Thursday Morning by DAVID WILLIAMS, No. 83 Reade Street, New York. Vol. XXV: No. 3. The Wilt Boiler Explosion. On the 27th of June, 1879, a steam boiler explosion eecurred at the planing mill of Messrs. Wilt & Son, of Philadelphia, which has given rise to some discussion, presenting a number of features of interest which will render the following report by J. M. Allen, of the Hartford Boiler Ingurance Company, one of general interest : he boiler was locally known as a “‘ double- decker,” and consisted of three cylinders placed parallel one above the other, and joined by necks of boiler iron. It is shown in its general proportions in Fig. 1, which also shows the initial rupture along the longitudinal seam A B. The principal di- mensions are as follows: Lower cylinder, 12 feet long, 54 inches diameter, containing 71 (originally 73) tubes 314 inches diameter by 12 feet long ; shell of No. oo, (.38 inches) thick, marked C. H. No. 1 iron, having a A Review of the Hardware, Iron and Metal Trades. the four necks and a portion of each of the two lower cylinders, built just below the water-line, to the chimney in the rear. The boiler was put in service about the beginning of the year 1870, and insured in March of that year, being fired all through the nine years almost exclusively with shavings from the planing-machines. The | mud drum, 2 feet in diameter and 7 feet long, connected by a 16-inch wrought- iron neck to the back part of the lower cylinder, was discovered by the inspec- tor to be getting thin from corrosion, and it was removed in May, 1872, and a| conical funnel, M, Figs. 1 and 2, placed over the opening, through the small end of which the boiler was fed and blown off. The steam from this boiler was used principally to drive an engine, 16-inch cylinder by 36-inch stroke, 55 revolutions per minute. The explosion took place shortly after starting the mill on Friday morning, June —— ft] a i. A ZEST OS SoS Fig. 1.—The Wilt Boiler.—Initial Rupture. New York, Thursday, January 15, 1880. lower cylinder was thus driven through the wall, while the impact of the middle cylin- der against the wall arrested its motion in that direction, tore it from the lower one and it took an upward direction, starting first at the rear, impelled by the reaction of | the water issuing from its broken necks. The portion E, Fig. 2, having lost its direct connection with the rest of the lower cylin- |der by the tearing away of the complete ring of plates W T, Fig. 2, this having hap- pened simultaneously with the flight of the | fire-front, -was now, by the impact of the cylinder C against the wall of the mill, thrust from the tubes, which at once diverged and were bent and twisted, as shown in Fig. 4. The boiler was thus separated into two principal parts. The main portion, consist- ing of the steam drum D, middle cylinder C, the ring of plates W T, and the front head with its attachments EK, flying toward a building opposite, on striking which it was Entered at the Post Office, New York, as Second-Class Matter. mission, knowing that the use of the hydro- | static test was liable to great abuse by put- | ting boilers under excessive and unneces- sary strain, together with the use of cold water in hot boilers, no doubt decided to modify the United States law in this re- spect. The hydrostatic test is almost uni- versally applied cold—that is, the water used is cold—and if the pump is unskillfully handled, the shock from an inelastic exces- sive pressure may result in injury. It is not believed to constitute a sufficient and entire inspection of a steam boiler under any circumstances, even the most favorable. When the inspector arrived at the works of Messrs. Wilt & Son, as per appointment to apply the hydrostatic test, he found the boiler nearly filled with water, and a pressure of steam of 15 lbs. tothe square inch. It re- quired but little water to completely fill the boiler and raise the pressure to the required It will be observed that the water hight Fig. 2.—Rearing of the Front 82.50 a Year, Including Postage. Single Copies, Yen Cents. iron, and from the! fact that none of the lines of fracture passed through these so- called weak and defective spots, it is conclu- sive evidence that the inspector’s judgment was not at fault in allowing them to remain as they were. To be satisfied in regard to the quality of the iron, and of its tensile strength, we employed Dr. Charles Huston, of the Lukens Rolling Mills, to make tests of numerous specimens cut from different por- tions of the plates, both in the direction of and across the fiber. The testing machine used was one constructed by Fairbanks & Co., which, having been repeatedly proved by United States standard weights, was known to be correct. The dotted lines in Figure 3 mark the parts cut out for test ing. Mr. Huston reported that all tests were within the limit prescribed by the Board of Inspectors of Steamboats for the United States, the lowest with the grain 50,000 T. of Boiler, tensile strength of about 54,000 pounds. | 27, 1879, demolishing the two-story brick The second cylinder was 1434 feet long by | wing of the mill, in which it was located, It was a plain cylinder, and the small wooden dwelling in which three containing no tubes or flues, and joined to | members of the McAvoy family were killed. ‘he lower one by four short necks, 12 inches | The explosion created much discusssion in The thickness of this iron was | technical circles, and therefore it may be of 42 inches diameter. Uameter. Fig. 3.—Portion of Shell of Boiler. hot taken, but it was said to be Mo. 2, (.284 interest to give the views of Mr. Allen, who inches) and the necks, No. 2, (.284 inches) | explains the probable course of the destruc- tuck, of best flange iron, tensile strength | tive explosion in the following way : The engineer, who had probably completed ‘team drum was about 2 feet diameter and the round of his morning duties, was seated ‘leet long, upon which was placed two 2% | in the doorway, just in front of the boiler. ‘uch safety- valves and a 5-inch steam nozzle | On the breaking of the shell of the lower A manhole on the top of | cylinder on the line of the seam A B, Fig. 1, ‘te front of the middle cylinder, Fig. 1, and| the first gush of water issued into the fur- ‘¢ below the bank of tubes in the front! nace, and guided by the heavy furnace walls ‘ead, were provided so as to admit of ex-| rushed mostly to the front through the ash- ‘Wination, cleaning and repair of such por-| pit, taking the fire-front and the unfortunate engineer across the elley into the three-story | by The water was maintained about 6 inches | brick dwelling opposite. ‘Sove the horizontal diameter of the second | the 14,500 pounds of water, now relieved of ‘tinder, as indicated by the location of| pressure, instantly expanded by reason of ‘Ne gauge-cocks, When the boiler had three | its ftuzes of water it contained about 14,500! tion of the water was converted into inds of water, some 6000 pounds of which | steam with a suddenness that gave the ein the plain cylinder and its necks. | operation the character of an explosion. ‘ot ascertained. The upper cylinder or and stop-valve. ‘ons as were not obscured by the tubes. contained heat, and ‘te boiler was worked at about 75 pounds, | The reaction of the issuing water caused | On 1 limited to 80 pounds per square inch. , the furmace was below the lower cylin- “? at the front end, as usual, and the gases ued under it to the back and returned ‘tough the tubes, thence by a due inclosing the boiler to rear Fig. 2, and recoil against the wall of the main building, the proper direction being given to the water, continually expanding, by the parallel surfaces of the tubes} the at the together, and fell upon one end of C poles in a narrow iin and toppled over | pressure than if it had been cold and cold | and 28.6 contraction of area. | water used. According to the ordinance the ( In January, 1879, this boiler was inspected | test would have been (1% of 80) + 80 = 106 found with the quality of the iron. by the Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection | lbs. Tho engineer in charge requested par- and Insurance Co., and found to be in a con- | ticularly that the pressure be run up to the dition requiring repairs. The plate replaced | United States standard, viz., (% of 80) +- 80 by the new plate T, Fig. 3, was blistered |= 120 lbs., or 14 lbs. in excess of the re- and thin in spots, and the tubes were quite quirements of the city ordinance. — The attention of Messrs. | spector, a man of experience, knowing that Wilt & Son was called to the necessity of | the water in the boiler at the boiling point, immediate repairs, and they proceeded at | and the metal of the boiler at a correspond- A plate of new | ing temperature were favorable conditions, iron was put in place of the blistered and | and that a pressure of 120 lbs. under such thinned plate, and the tubes were replaced | circumstances was no more unfavorable to | the boiler than 106 lbs. would have been[ shavings and the ing mill fire, the furnace often varying greatly in temperature under the old practice of feed ing by frequent opening of doors. into the smithy of Mr. McFadden. worn and thin. once to have them made. a large por-| phia. cerned, to put the boilers in good condition. front, see|test was applied to the boiler, such test being required by the city inspection ordi- nance, was limited was 80 lbs. to the square inch. In framing the Philadelphia law, the com- THE WILT BOILER EXPLOSION, subdivided by the shock ; the portion E re-|must have been in remained in the second story of the building, | above the boiling point. / the cylinders C and D remained attached | boiler was hot and in a much better condi- | tl 5 at the | tion to yield to strains occasioned by the Example C2, with the grain 50,000 T. S. new ones throughout. The repairs were The remainder of | made by the People’s Works, Jacob Nay- | with cold water, acceded to the wishes of lor, proprietor, a house of long standing | the engineer, and yet this has been charac- and high reputation in the city of Philadel- terized as an injudicious application of the hydrostatic test. It was believed at the time that unusual ; care had been manifested by all parties con- | that the iron of the shell of the boiler was of-au inferior quality, and that the judg- i ment of the inspector was at fault in allow-| of expansion and contraction. ing a defective plate to remain in the shell. | the burden of the strain on to the thinner Two blisters, marked U and J, Fig. 4, were! plate at the “lap.” discovered which were so thin that they| with the varying temperatures and pres were pared off in the usual manner without | sures, developed a weakness which resulted materially reducing the thickness of the] in fracture, es shown in Fig. 1. the following May 14, the hydrostatic The pressure to which the boiler Fig. 4.—The Tubes of the Wilt Boiler after Explosion, in temperature sighily The metal of the S. and 12.3 centraction of area, and that with the exception of the one sample, all the others showed remarkable results, as for He concludes by saying that he can see no fault to be The question now arises, What did cause the explosion of this boiler? By referring to Fig. 1, it will be seen that the initial rupture occurred at the point where the old and new The in-| iron were joined, T being the new plate and W the old plate. the break was in the line of the rivet holes of the old plate, and that this portion of the boiler was in or directly over the furnace, and in the hottest portion, hence subjected to extreme expansion. The fuel It will also be notioed that used was refuse of the plan This fuel makes a quick, hot The new Another criticism which has been made is| plate, marked T, was about .045 thicker at the ‘‘ lap” than the old one W, and conse quently yielded less readily to the effects This threw This strain, varying The thin+ ie oo ea Rn Se es lnc a ene Lillian: accent sh Aieiininimtin a Y xe ae a ee wae [hin amare = > 3 2 ier A, = ae = =—- sen ee ae oe EN a A SSH een, AR ed ete ee en — . - ee ae a s = oe es mene = . / Score 2 #-< -2eeet, me ~ ee a —— _ joer ous —_ - —~ ee Se ee eran * 2a | i os get la > a a Petites THE IRON AGE. PActals. CHAS. F. WASH BURN, The Plume & Atwood | Mir morn, President & Treasurer. EN M Vice-President & Sec’y a & MOEN. MANUF Ap: on Clive, ete. Estabiishod 1831, U se WORCESTER, MASS BRASS & COPPER CO., Mfg. Company, No. 19 Cliff Street, Phelps Building, NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF BRASS AND COPPER MANUFACTURERS OF Waterbury Brass CO, SHEET and ROLL BRASS and WIRE, IN CAPITAL, - - $400,000. G ‘ di Sheets, Bolts, Rods, Wire, éc. Shoot, Roll and Platers’ Brees, erman — and Gilding Metal, CERMAN SILVER, Copper Rivets and Burs, Seamless Brass & Copper Vubing. Ansonia Corrugated Stove ‘Platforms, PURE COPPER WIRE For Electrical Purposes, Bare and Covered. Prosphor Bronze Rods for Pumps, &c. Copper, Brass and German Silver Wire, Kerosene Burners, BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, 5 COPPER RIVETS & BURS, Lamp Trimmings, &c. | ge BRASS KETTLES, ‘ Door Rail, Brass Tage, 80 Chambers Street, New York. ; 13 Federal Street, Boston. PERCUSSION CAPS, POWDER FLASES, 109 Lake Street, Chicago. ACTURERS OF heen and | Steel Wire, ANSONIA yor REFINED Metallic Eyelets, Shot Pouches, Tape Measures, &c. Rolling Mill, Factories, Cartridge Metal in Sheets oF Shells © Specialty THOMASTON, Ct.| WATERBURY, Ct.| PATENT STEEL BARB FEN CING, Patent Steel Wire Bale Ties. INCOT COPPER. PHELPS, DODGE & CO. IMPORTERS OF TIN PLATE, ROOFING PLATE, Sheet Iron, Copper, Pig Tin, Wire, Zine, &c. MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER AND BRASS. CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. SCOVILL MFC CO BRASS, WIRE RODS of all G nh Round [ron, Rivet pale ie 2. to In., cut to any length. O wh sive Operators of Fa PA T CONTI TINVOUS us MALL, «rn = acing I treo and Steel wikee®, re Market and Stone Wire, = + rs] poun Sy tthout gra Bo nnealed Fence and Grape Wire in| lone lengths ‘Cony ered Pail. afl twine foo. . ‘ba it, Screw Wire. W th an ture ard Glo thing, Heddles. Reeas; & es o-strin ng prerine ws ‘acture Tinned B vated Wire of dicen. Ae daity is tnede of Clock, Ma Sere Spiral Spring Wire, and Refined Wire to Pattern Zz F pares s tnade 0 ye ey w and of Wire furnished, Annealed °P Diished. wc Lobpered, @ alvanised or Tin Pheeae. s Wise fava hea Sole Agents for the ae... ee ee” Capewell Mfg. Co.’s Line of Sport- « dg p B C ing Goods and Wood’s Paper rl C ort lass 0. Shot Shells. BEPeTe: mille At | Sheet and Roll Brass, 296 Broadway, New York, WATERBURY, ; ‘ 189 Eddy St., Providence, R.1. Conn. _| Brass & Copper Wire & Tubing, =BROWN’S PATENT| German Silver Metal and Wire, Copper and Iron Rivets. P | CT UR E OILERS and CUSPADORES, [ LAMPS and TRIMMINGS, LANTERNS and TRIMMINGS, | KEROSENE BURNERS, - i 0 0 « Clocks & Fly Fan Movements. | PLUMBERS’ MATERIALS, . 7 Particular attention paid to cutting out Blanks and manufacturing Metal Goods. Warranted to hold roo Ibs. MasupactoRy, Wanznovss, Manufactured only by Bridgeport, Conn. 19 Murray St., N. ¥. Manhattan Brass Co., Harrison. Wire Company, ist Ave., 27th to 28th St. MANUFACTURERS OF Wire. Steel Wire for Springs, Needles Steel. Wire kept in stock, a WAREHOUSE, 21 CLIFF "STREET, “NEW. YORK, St. Louis Office, 717 North 2d Street NY OY XXX XKY aN gest ns ee AY) aM VAD iA pees y mes 654; WSS Rk oo V/\X/ ni HINGES, WIRE, CERMAN SILVER. New York. ST. LOUIS, MO. oDs. Solid brass, priee, $4 per PHOTOGRAPHIC GO Ss gross, less 25 % discount. a CHAS. ie THE NEW HAVEN es COPPER CO., All kinds of 255 Pearl Street, New Vork. | IRON & STEEL WIRE BUTTONS, CLOTH AND METAL. DEPOTS, FACTORIES, Waterbury, Conn. NATIONAL WIRE AND LANTERN WORKS, Warehouse, 45 Fulton Street, New York. 419& 421 Broome St., N, Y. 177 Devonsttire St., Boston. New Haven, Conn, 0 Lhe ) Colenge. New York City. Manufacturers of and Dealers in an oO a van - DICKERSON, VAN DUSEN & CO.,/Braziers’ & Sheathing) Wire mau Specialties. * ” a Oe eee, Importers of a Egy = rass, opper and Iron WIRE CLOTH, COPPER. Holmes, Booth & Haydens, Locomotive Spark Wire Cloth, Iron Wire Bolting Cloth, Ship and Railroad Lanterns, Signal Lights, Conductor’s Lantern ADJUSTABLE GLOBE HAND LANTERN, Desk and Office Railing, Riddles, Coal and Sand Screens, Nursery Fenders and Spark Guards, Ornamental Wire Fence. R B , WORKS al os nent So New York Offic aT Tin Plate, Pig Tin, Sheet Iron, Cooper, Wire, Zinc, Etc. 29 & 31 Cliff St., cor, Fulton, DICKERSON & CO., Liverpool. NEW YORK. Kettle Bottoms, Bolts, Circles, Rivets, WATERBURY, CONN. NEW YORK, BOSTON, Ingot Copper, Spelter, Solder, &c. | 49 chambers st. se meteues ob ; Incorporated 1876. Manufacturers of all kinds of Established 1837. f Brass, Copper & German Silver, WATERBURY MFC. Cco., ROLLED AND IN SHEETS, WATERBURY, CONN. BRASS & COPPER WIRE, Brass and Iron Jack Chains, Brass and Plated Safety Chains, Tubing, Copper Rivets & Burs. Silwered, Nickeled and Gilt Chains, Bath and Basin Chains, Chisel Bandle Ferrules, Brass Nuts and Washers, 3 RASS & IRON rass Machine Screws, Special Brass Work. oer ae : avitea.| JACK CHAIN, DOOR RAIL. Correspondence invited. TRENTON, Warchouse Me Bo 117 Liberty Street THE JOHN A ROEBLING'S SONS CO, MANUFACTURERS OF German Silver Spoons, SILVER PLATED FORKS &SPOONS,| WIRE ROPE) ,,,,,..., |Lron and Steel lron, Steel and Copper Telegraph Wire, WIRE Hoisting as of all Market Wire, = kinds, for Ferries, Stays, Ship Rigging, Sash Cords Lightning ee. &ec. : Vineyard Wire. Suspension Bridge Cables. CALVANIZED WIRE CLOTHES LINES. IRON AND STEEL WIRE ROPE For Hoisting, Running & Standing Ropes, Ferries, & CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND. Address, HAZARD MFG. CO., Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co., Pa. FELTEN & GUILLEAUME Carlswerk, near Cologne, Germany. | N. & G. TAYLOR CO., Philadelphia. in all kinds of Kerosene Burners. &c. ESTABLISHED 1810. TIN PLATES. JOHN DAYOL & SONS, N. & G. TAYLOR Co. Market Wire, Fence Wire Bridge Wire, Chain Wire, Buckle Wire, Spring Wire Rivet Wire, &c., &c. )A specialty for sizes used in the manufacture of c neese Yate, Sheet Tin Roofing Tin ‘Mite’ Gans)” ghost Gee sheet Lead’ ’ Sheet Copper, Sheet Lead. | ct Brass, ngot Copper, gl Lead, Tin, | Cotton “Cans, &e. Send t a | Sines list of tizes,_ 8 a ces an of si aeceeeese ee eee — Antimony, Solder & Old Metals, Can make any size Brooklyn Brass a ‘and Copper Cos, John ___—86O John Street, N.Y. ” ABRAM 8. HEWITT, President, JAMES MALL, Treasurer. WM. HEWITT, Vice President. E. HANSON, Secretary. PA S S A IC ZING C0. TRENTON IRON COMPANY, oe (INCORPORATED 1847), NEW JERSEY, Pure Spelter FOR TRENTON, MANUFACTURERS OF Also for EERO SP MON PRAB ESI] Se Son Sette bom OF ALL CRADES, BRIGHT, ANNEALED, COPPERED, TINNED AND GALVANIZED;| G2lvanizers & Brass Founders, Iron and Steel Wire Rods; MANNING & SQUIER, Gen'lAgents |PATENT CRUCIBLE STEEL WIRE EXTRA QUALITIES OF BAR IRON AND RODS. seers ree == For Mining and Plow Ropes, Hawsers and Bridge Cables. Best Qualities of Gun-Screw and Charcoal !ron Wire; Geo. Ww. Prentiss & Co., SIEMENS-MARTIN AND BESSEMER STEEL WIRE, MANUPACTURERS OF GALVANIZED TELEGRAPH WIRE Crucible, Siemens-Martin and Bessemer Steel Wire. of Charcoal and Swedish Iron and Steel, also with high conductivity, and in long lengths GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE, For Plain, Barb and Strand Fencing, 3, <fd 7B 7-ply Grand, 0 Staples, &c. Annealed and Oiled Fea” round and ova. WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. TELEGRAPH CABLES. Contractors to the German and Fo ovelen. WEni,'¢ COLOGN olaom house in the branch on the ’ GN enews. Telegraph Address, CAR CRAY ENAMEL WARE. oe WOOL GRISWOLD, W. T. WELLS, Sole Agent for FOXELL, JONES & Manufacturer of is now prepared to supply the wholesale trace with Plain, Ground, Enameled and Tinned WIRE, HOLLOW WARE 1 Maslin Kettles and stove W: TROY, N. ¥. Wire Straightened and Cut to Lengths. Represented in New York by COOPER, HEWTEE® < HEWITT & 00., 17 co., 17 Barling Slip. Slip. BRODERICK & BASCOM, MANUFACTURERS OF Bright, Coppered, Annealed and Tin ated, AlsoGUN SCREW WIRK. Of all sizes etraightened and cnt to orner. fal erent be es we Zokct Wascceus: Pa Moston See page 20, January 15, 1880 Any grade rin Straigntened and Cut to any length. Steel Reline v Wire Linen finish. Varivaled Steel Music 1. Somoanean q The Sch Many SOL Stereotype, importers of z ad, Spelte and ail Pe indo. Street, betw ss. P. O. Box 14 Manufac Hardware Kerosene G Late A Orders sent mediate profits. R. SE Dealer Tin Plate, Ss. i nd aon VIRE ne %. it, Buckle ng Wire, Crew an ray Iron, urnished, i Music 1 Street tKS, TH, antern lursery Office USB y Street nce Wire in wire, ing Wire, [Ce ies, &. , Pa. ME (IRE RE, vVIRE engths Diled Fen = ch on the ARE. wes & € gale tra ae inned Ware % ot in the Be January 15, 1880. THE IRION AG | CARY & MOEN, > Manufactaorers of | CEL ELLE 0. LINDEMANN & (0., Patentees and Sole Manufacturers of | | Spring Brackets for Bird Cages, And manufacturers of the largest variety of Japanned, Brass and in-Plated Bird | ! S > _ y RS PS Pl Pod ho > - - ~ bt > © ¢ ~ ~ Pool — ~ = sS Pa > ~ ~ > a) > > > Cages in this Country. Catalogues furnished to the trade. 254 Pearl Street, New York. Prat A Nee tie Market steel Wire, Crinoline Wire, tempered and covered. Also Patent Tempered Steel Furniture Springs, constantly on hand. | 984, 236 and 238 West 29th Street, - . ’ . AND TO THE . AND UNITED STATES LOCKS Furnished by the Undersigned, Successors to THE AMERICAN LOCK CO. AND THE UNITED STATES LOCK CoO., And Sole Makers of the Goods heretofore made by these Companies. ADDRESS, YALE LOCK MFC. CoO., OFFICE AND WORKS, (53 Chambers St., New York. SALESROOMS:~36 Pearl St., Boston. (506 Commerce St., Philadelphia. booed WIRE RAILING Ornamental Wire Works. UR co. No. 36 Sees ae St., Baltimore. Manufacture WIRE RAILING for Cemeteries, Balco- nies, &c.; Sieves, Fenders, Cages, Sand and Coal | Screens, Woven Wire, Iron Bedsteads, Chairs, | Settees, &c. } ROME IRON WORKS, | | Manufacturers of le a i fron Manufacturers and Merchants, per and German Silver | ee (In Sheets, Rods, Tubing or Wire), | Sheet, Tank and Plate Iron, Nails, Glass, Horse Shoes, Horse Nails, STAMFORD, CONN. MONITOR TIN PLATE WORKS, 54 Cliff Street, New York | } Manufacturers of | | and al special sizes, shapes, gauges and qualities, from 10 to 40 inches wide, 1¢ to 96 inches long. Guaranteed Equal in Every Respect to Best Imported. CONDIT, WICK & CO., COPPER & BRASS RIVETS | and other articles of HEAVY HARDWARE. AND BURS. CLEVELAND, OHIO. Rome, New York. a —_— [See advertisement in The Iron Age of January 1, 1880. } 1. Scuoxxnzno, Pres. 8. Buowputery, Sec'y WHEELER & MELICK CO.,, The Schoenberg Metal Mfg. Co, ALBANY, NEW YORK, U.S. A., Manufacturers of and Dealers in Manufacturers of SOLDER, TYPE, Stereotype, Electrotype aad Babbitt Metals, i M to ty OV E D FA 4 M i M be L E M E N TS AND MACHINERY. a ec Importers of Block Tin, Antimony, &c. Refiners of Lead, Spelter, &c. Highest price paid for Olid Metals Beardsley Scythe Cn, Manufacturers of and all kinds of Dross. 511 and 543 Bact 19th we na’ GRASS, GRAIN & BUSH SCYTHES, Street, between Avenues a6. & B, New Y Hay Knives & Corn Knives. West Winsted, Conn. Ss. L. SAMU EL. P.O. Box 1300. 57 Cedar St., N. Y. Manufacturers’ EXPORT Agent for Hardware, Brassware, Classware, WOODEN WARE, Kerosene Goods, Burners, Wicks, O11, | THE CELEBRATED DECOY TRA P. Late Agent for Wu. H.Samvet & Co. Orders sent direct will save the purchaser all inter- mediate profits. See our advertisement in The Iron Age first issue Of each month. E. OLIVER, No. 106 and 108 Beekman St., as Y. R. SELLEW & CO. Dealer in METALS, Tin Plate, Shect Iron, Copper, &c. SAINT LOUTS. MANUFACTURER OF Every description of Wire Cloth, Wire Window Guards, Bank and Office Railing, Moulders’ Riddles, Decoy Rat and Mouse Traps, Wood and Metallic Flour and Meal Sieves, Dish Covers, &c., At the Lowest Prices. ‘ HUT aaa nana /STEFL WIRE for all purposes and STEEL SPRINGS of every description. LARGE TINNED SHEETS for DAIRY and OTHER PURPOSES, COTTON CANS, EK. | ner plate at this point was probably les | fibrous because of long use, and therefor the more linble to fracture. Some of the practical men who examine the fracture were quite confident that th crack was first developed on the inner sur face of the plate between the laps. examined with a glass the fractured edge s | the direct action of a fire by some fire- -proof e/and non-conducting coating, securety fast }ened to the me mber it is intended to pro d| tect. Columns or girders of wood resist the e | destructive eftects of fire much longer than }if made of iron exposed. The necessary When | dimensions, however, except for compara tively light structures, are such as to make appeared as though the incipient erack had | the use of wood for those purposes unprac been gradually growing larger until the This would not be an un- usual result of the strains to which a boiler would ve subjected under the conditions | metal gave out. named. I; the skin of the iron is once bro ken, it locates a weak spot, and if this spot is bound up between two plates riveted to gether, it would be impossible to discover it The question will naturally arise, has any similar case occurred in our experience ? We | Fire-Proof Construction —Fig. 1 —(Corru- gated Iron Arches with Concrete Filling, with Flooring as in Fig. 1. have not unfrequently found similar results| ticable; for example, a column of oak, 18 when the plates were the same thickness, if | feet high and 1 foot square, aaewtes with one was bound more rigidly, by bracing or NEW YORK. | otherwise, than the other, and with the plates of different thicknesses it will be read- | safety 25 tons, while a hollow, cast-iron | column, 1 foot square and 1 inch thic kness of metal, will support 119 tons. So, also, ily seen that the thicker and less yiel ling | will a beam of yellow pine 15 inches square, one would be relatively as though ‘it wer stiffened and bound by bracing. All this could occur, and still the iron in the thinner plate be of good quality. Fractures in boile plates do not always result from poor iron, | but from unequal strains, which are agera vated by high pressures and temperatures, |or perhaps it would be better to say, from | greatly and suddenly varving temperatures | and pressures, and when a boiler is used up to or near its full capacity, these sudden | changes in temperature and variations in pressure are more destructive than if the boiler is moderately loaded. 3oilers rarely rupture in the middle of a | plate, unless the plate has been burned from an accumulation of deposit, or from some other cause ; but ruptures are not uncom- mon at the lap, nor in the line of the rivet holes, showing that the plates, in the effort to adapt themselves to the strains incident to use, throw the burden on to that portion | which is ill adapted to equally distribute the strain. Therefore, if there are sudden and great changes in temperature or in pressure, there will be liability to fracture. —_— >_> — Fire-Proof Construction. Probably there is no subject which has |received more careful attention upon the part of architects and the building public generally than that of fire-proof sae tion ; yet with all that has been done and all that has been published, there is still a lack of intelligent knowledge concerning it. Many buildings are popularly considered fire-proof which are rather fire traps, and much monev is expended in so-called fire proof construction which might be better | employed in other directions. A careful consideration, then, of the subject of fire proofing cannot fail to be of interest to the majority of our readers. We have nothing new to add to the subject. What we shall endeavor to accomplish is to present in con venient shape a brief description of the several classes of fire-proof buildings in use, — —— — = o< Fire Proof Construction.—Fig. t.—A, Brick Arches Between B, ae lron Beams. | Srom Centers. | aeaaiia Nailed to the Strips. D, rinheo between Strips | Concrete Filling. together with a few remarks concerning the properties and qualities of the materials em ployed. | No material used in building construction, | except brick or burnt clay, is practically fire-proof. A building constructe <i of in ccahensnie material throughout, and stored | with only small quantities of combustible. | and inflammable matter, can be considered | fire-proof. W arehouses for the storage of | miscellaneous merchandise cannot, with our | present knowledge, be constructed abso- lutely fire-proof ; we can only apply devices ‘that diminish the danger by confining and h | { Fire-Proof Construction.—Fig. 2.—Showing Method of Using Deep Beams, The Arches | may be Supported on Angle Trons Riveted | tothe Web of the Beams. lie places of amusement, churches, schools, offices or dwellings do not contain so much inflammable matter, such as furniture, &c |as to materially injure or endanger the | safety of the building when properly con structed. Warehouses, when stored with inflammable matter, even if constructed en tirely of brick, but without precautionary subdividing walls, forming compartments will succumb to the heat, by reason of the great expansion causing a movement of the walls and ultimate collapse of the floor arches. It is asserted that iron is unsuitable for fire-proof construction, by reason of its failure when exposed to a certain degree of | localizing the conflagration. Generally, pub | | Fire-Proof Construction.—Fig. Arch of Hollow Tile. heat. That this is so is of course admitted | but, nevertheless, it is the only matérial at our | disposal suited to modern requirements, and the architect will meet with more satisfac tory results in devising means and methods for its protection against the destructiv | effects of fire than by discarding it. All | constructive ironwork in buildings, exce eps | those having small quantities of ¢ senate 6 furniture in them, should be protected fro F, Strips of ware 2 Inches, 16 Inches | 15 feet span, and uniformly loaded, carry 16 tons, while three 15-inch light-rolled iron beams, lying side by side and occupying r| about the same space, will carry 69 tons. With these preliminary remarks we will lp roceed to ¢ anit r the classes of fire-proof | structures from among which anyone erect | } | } SS | See | | Fire-Proof Construction.—-Fig. 5.—Burnt Clay Skew- back, Formed to Lap Flange. ing a building at the present time must make his selection. Fire-proof structures may be, in a general way, divided into three classes. The first of these embraces those structures in the construction of which only | non-combustible material is used, and in | which all constructive ironwork is properly protected against the action of fire. The second class embraces those structures into | the construction of which non-combustible material enters, but in which the ironwork is not protected by fire-proof and non-ccnduct ing coatings. Structures built upon this plan are suitable for any purposes which would not put into them so much inflam mable material as to injure or weaken the Fire-Proof Counstruction.—Fig. 6.—Lower Flange of Beam Protected by Plaster Car- | ried by a Light Frame of Iron. iron in case of fire. Classes 1 and 2 may be described together, the principles of con struction being identical in the two, class 1 simply carrying them somewhat further } than the other. The third class comprises all buildings in the construction of which combustible material is used, but in which all vital members are protected by fire proofing. ; In the construction of such buildings as we have indicated in what we have called the first class, all combustible material is rigor- Fire-Proof Construction.— Fig 7.—View of Beam from Below, A, Iron Rods % Inch in Diameter. B, Flat Hoop Iron Bent Around Flange. C, Wedges. ously excluded, exc ept for doors, window 8, sashes, stair rails, floors and skirting. The external face of outside wall may be either | of brick, sandstone or granite. The back ing should be of brick, with a hollow space 2 inches wide located one brick distant cin the inner face of the wall. All openings in the brick wall are arched. The roof con struction employs furring and lathing of iron. The floors are constructed of iron beams carrying arches of brick, as indicated | | | Fire Proof Construction.— Fig s Prote | tion of Cast-Iron coments A, Inne: Shell of She uft B, Pr cting Enve lope os | a Fire-Proof Non-( oe ting Material | in Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying engrav- ings, or hollow tile, as shown in Fig. 3, or | corrugated sheet iron, as indicated in Fig. 4, 8 ee ee nee ame hy . a 40h 2 oe be ome we se eee => ~ a h : HN ' “iat i958 el : eer eee i erent li Ale ome He Oe - A ae a ers <a a oS ee ——— ~ ee . — iti Th a Oe . - en SA TT OE ; ne yi He ft GG 4 THE IRON AGE. January 15, 1889, : Xron. | Evo. ore "PITTSBURGH. | PITTSBURGH NEW YORK. John W. Quincy, NEW YORK. ____——CNEW YORK. OGDEN & WALLACE, A. B. Warner & Son, Successors to GAM’I. G. SMITH & CU. r 98 William Street, New York. is L, Ne oY, 60 4 81 BLM SN. ¥ IRON MERCHANTS, Anthracite & Charcoal Pig Irons, es) yl 28 & 29 West and 52 Washington Sts. Wrought Scrap, Out Nails, Copper, SHEET AND PLATE IRON, BOILER PL ATE, BLOCK TIN, LEAD, SPELTER. ANTIMONY, NICKEL, &e HOOP, BAND AND SCROLL IRON, Mod and Horse Shoe Iron, aBsller Tubes, Ancie, Tee & Girder Iron, H ARRISON & GILLOON Commission Merchant. Bar, Sheet, Tank, Boiler, Angle, T, and Rallroad Iron, And Railroad Equipment. Nails & Spikes Steel & R. R. Supplies, WINDOW GLASS, GAS PIPE & BORAX. Kron. Xron. = Xvon. Swedes and cateiateesaaeoens iait Rods. Bole Agents for the celebrated IRON AND METAL DEALERS PITTSBURGH, Pa. Iron of all sizesandshapesmadeto order. -=—_| 66 Eureka ” Pennocks, aun Sas Ons Wane nol oon. 00a. 00 cueniee ons Se 9 ’ . ° » » ” Planished Sheet Iron. | Patented March 14th, 1865 ; April 8th, 1873 ; Sept. 9th, 1873; Uct. 6th, 1874; Jam. 11, 1876. | Guaranteed fully equal in all respects to the IMPORTED RUSSIA IRON, = | and at a much less price. FOR SALE, | by all the principal METAL DEALERS PATENT IATA | NEW YORK, PIERSON & C0 “Wawasset,” LUKeDS, | »zeoxnng ne ope: tate he fotownt oon ang JUNIATA "y | Machinery: Sorap Iron, Car ‘wheels, Axies and Heavy Brands of Iron. Alsoall descriptions of Plate, Sheet, Wro t Iro ha 0 Composition, Brass, and Gasometer Iron. Special attention to Locomotive | tant a valso > Copper, = 24 Broadway, New York City. iron. | Fire Box Iron a specialty. ROME MERCHANT IRON | MILLS, | OXFORD IRON CO., ROME, N. . Manufaeturers of the Rs grade of (B. G. CLARKE, Receiver,) "| Bar Iron, Bands and Fine Hoops. | N . Kaige wig egret gpd sooth ns Poitoras Bat boeat pees C ut a li { ~ Hoops, Rods, Scrolls, Bands, Ovals, | | quality of Iron branded J. ( li pudd balls wter, Zine, & uced by hammer. Orders may be sent to the Millor Horse Shoe, Nall Rods, | Senet; New Work. TER, our Agent, at 59 John AND Steel, &c. In the Large cities throughout Orders promptly filled from stock. MARSHALL LEFFERTS, SP | KES. THE UNITED STATES 7 90 Beekman St., New York City, ABEEL BROTHERS, | MANUFACTURER AND DEALER, |: 8: SCRANTON, Sales Agent, 81, 83 and 85 Washington Street, Iron Merchants, Galvanized Sheet Iron, srr rns BURDEN’S 190 South Street and 365 Water, N.Y. gtirenng 3 Wire, p, Telegraph and Fence: | Genvenines | galvanized Nails, Galvanised Chain, Galvanized Iron ULSTERIRON® CORRUGATED SHEET IRON | A fall assortment of all sizes constantly on hand. Refined Iron, For Roofing, &c., Galvanized, Plain or Painted. Horse-Shoe Iron, Best Charcoal, Best Refined and Common s And at their Office, 111 Water Street, PITTSBU RGH, ra io Mies BEST REFINED CHARCOAL AND | jutciy prevent all baling and give wolvetoal se POLISHED SHEET IRON | faction, - Taggers Tron and rasemerStcel Plate | o Hy, ‘Also Best >i Sens Plates in Special | mproved Siow Shoe Shapes. Sizes, from 10x17 to 20 Standard Sizes. Orders solicited. inquiries promptly answered. | $¢ey- “16, 11-16X7-16, 4X7-16, t 3°16X7-16, 4X7-16, Ax% Address P. O. Box 24, hPa 15-16K%4, 1X4, 1 1-16K%, 1 1-8X%. urgh Works at Demml zhe orks at Demmler, “Alleg eay Co., Fa. STEEL TOE CALKS, astern. Sales A Common Iron. SHEET IRON. 232 Market st,, Phila. quest’ ioee. et Plate and "Tank Iron, ELY & WILLIAMS, 1% Jolin ai, Dactee. SHOENBERGER & CO., —— Norwey Nail Rods. ; : an etait dade oe pit hee Fret, aries © OS "B d 4 ft” Cc. HANE,, portsmouth Iron and Steel Co Sash, Syetang omn8 Pave Beech, ote. __ BOILER IRON urden bes IRON and herein. Successors to " mpe an uarantee - A. R. Wh itn ey, hd Seeeiiens of Iron Work Galvanized or — “Aton one aee ad Manufacturer of and Dealer in Price list and quotations sent upon application. lron PIG IRON, BLOONS AND BAR IRON, Siemens-Martin (Open Hearth) EEG ae SEa RAPE quesne Way, near 6t treet, JAMES WILLIAMSON & CO., PITTSBURGH. STEEL BOILER PLATE, | R O N, SCOTCH AND AMERICAN C. A. von Bonnhorst. RA Wilson, | Agricultural and Machinery Steel . . R. A. WILSON & CO. and Steel Tire 56. 58 & 60 Hu dson, *) | Also, Homogeneous Iron Boiler Plate and Rivets, eseetemcect us! yewron| PIG TRON, | Boiler Rivets. PIG TRON, | MEER Pesan 12, 14 & 16 Worth Sts., Office and Works : BLOOMS AND ORE,| vorrsmourn, onto. a Sen Gece im the Con- = — a = = sae - 88 Fourth ave., cor. Wood st., Pittsburgh Peach So) LEW, . GEO. 8. LEWIS, struction of Wire-Preof Buildings, U LS T ER IRON WORK: R KS, | Burden Iron Works, H. Burden & Sons, | __** Fowshave..cor. Wood st, - : up Sec'y and Treas. made hn I. ' Sear ig twa aid a 90 Broadway, New York. Troy, N.Y. Bonnell, Botsford & Co., —. Se ae * — VSample pe pieces at office. Please addres ee ee . . | K y R | § M | Iron, Nails & Spikes, “€ystone hotling Mul, | se Heaeos eee Tuckerman, Mulligan&Co EGLESTON BROS. & CO., BORDEN & LOVELL, ~ 0. W. GRAVES & C0., Dey Foont Street, | NEW YORK CITY. CommissionMerchants|\ merax, BROKERS, BURDEN’S Cor. Cliff and Beekman Sts., New York, ‘ie hs stndeanas han TIN PLATE, PIG TIN, IRON WIRE, SHEET H. B. & S. UW Love —- New York. | iron, Brass and COPPER GOODS, &. AND agri forth ot Passaic Rolling Mill Co., ULSTER BAR IRON. Fall River lron Co.’s Nails, AN ates ab4 cndes t vteck YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. Williams, Long & McDowell, cini—ate pala eal Manufacturers of BRADLEY, REIS & co., Merchant Bar and Skelp Iron, NEW CASTLE, PA., Manufacturers of every description of Sheets and Plates of all sizes, PLATE & SHEET IRON °° “°°? ‘ater trees OFFICE, at Works. ' Mill at Sexo, Seonod Avenue. ds, H & Rods. PATERSON, N. J. Also Best Grades of me — | B id B ild | Am, & Eng. Ref'd Iron,Common Iron,&c Zz U CS & c oO - s .,| tron Bridge Builders © 7 Borden Mining Company’s | B. F. JUDSON, ; Cumberland Coals ee | Importer of and Dealer in Pittsburgh, Pa., —__~_________ | Beams, Channels, Angles, | SCOTCH AND AMERICAN al aia WILLIAM H. WALLACE & CO., THES, Pi eg Iron, IRON MERCHANTS) Merchant Iron, ac. &c. Wrought & Cast Scrap Iron, Cor. Albany & Washington Sit |e ome «| OLD METALS. NEW YORK CITY. W. O. FAY ERW EATHER, ‘Treasurer. Ce ees 57 & 459 Water St., t NEW YORK. GE © Geeemee, | CARMICHAEL & EMMENS, | Eure s: W. S. MIDDLETON, (ne ee H. ea ee Washington St. N. lron & Steel Boiler Plate, BORER AND BOER OF Wheeler’s Iron & Steel Combination Shafting, Under license of the Combination Trust Co., Philadelphia. This Shafting is superior to any now on the market, and the attention of machinists is particularly called to it and a trial order solicited. Prices furnished on application. LEECH BURG If IRON WoORKES. ' KIRKPATRICK, BEALE & CO. BOILER PLATES and “SHEET IRON, Lap Welded Boiler Tubes, &c.,&c. IRON, Manufacturers of all grades of ae Seote eas = T been ~ aa, : Spies 130 & 132 Cedar Gerest, New York. Railroad, Mining and Steamship Supplies, FINE SHE T TRONS, y 8 Bolle o ‘ | EE Acie Ses ae Sein‘ War, Laure ion | omen trom or aad o Lael Hoting Mi ge 30 manne ie TIN AND TERNE PLATES, made with Natural Gas as tael. Werks, he Bergen ng 8, atJersey City. | N 116 Ww. 8 P : bu , Pa. a CORRUGATED AND CRIMPED IRON nan rir rons, | OPTTOR 20 8 Tat tn ae 2 Se Re | 9 egheny y, Pa.; ce, Cor ater an arke s sburg®, Me Tal ROOFING & SIDING, a ERED, ANDREW KLOMAN, Pittsburgh, Pa., Manufacturer of SeSiee Iron Buildings, Roofs ‘asiaeiail and Carnbroe ne. Te Shutters, Doors, Cornices, of F Skylights, Bridges, £e. mae BPN RENAE \\ | _MOSELEY IRON BRIDGE AND ROOF CO, | SCOTCH PIG IRON STEEL AND IRON STRUCTURAL MATERIAL, - 5 Dey Street, New York. ‘ Kloman Patent Universal Mill-Rolled Eye Bars. —<———== ee P. W. GALLAUDET, ‘For spot delivery and for prompt or forward Se i a s » Houdlette & E llis, Banker and Note Broker, shipments to New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Manufacturers of and Dealers in MERCHANT BAR IRON. I Nos. 3 and 5& Wall Street, Baltimore or New Orleans. 4H a al Boiler Plat NEW YORK. For sale in lots to suit by omogeneous Steel and iron Boiler Plates. ti Sheet and Tank fron, oiler, Tank and Safe nae, SS a —— —, JAMES LEE &€ CoO., : Best Lap- Welded Ij Deller Tubes AND RAILROAD PAPER WANTED. Sole Agents for the United States, Alban Sand d S ecialt Wrought Iron Girder, Deck, and Channel Beams ADVANCES MADE ON BUSINESSS PAPER AND . 1 le, T and Grooved Iron OTHER SECURITIES. 72 Pine rey Rew Yor New York. Stecl and Iron Forgings, Bessemer Steel Cut Nails Genuine and Standard Babbitt Metals, —_— EE Crescent Brand Journal Bearings. 19 to 31 Batterymarch Street, Boston. Cc 1 J TT oN a TL..° S - Agency of N. M. HOGLUND’S SONS & CO., Stockholm. Swedish & Norway Iron Hot Pressed Nuts, Bolts, Washers, &c. f every description «ck on hand at Boston, L a b R a R Ss & Cc O ew York and Philadelp fh in im aportation orders # a iE R TT GUSTAF LUNDBERG, 38 Kilby st, Boston. ALBERT POTTS, Philadelphia Agent, 234 & 236 N. 139 Greenw ich Street, New York. Front street. FOUNDRY. FACINGS, Shovels, Riddles, Brushes, &c. WHITEHEAD BROS. WM, WHITEHEAD, Treas., 517 W. 16th St. AMERICAN FACING CO, Now Work. FIRE SAND AND CLAYS. | W. D. wood & CO’S A. G. HATRY, ~ Ora Wrol PATE BREFIN Plar Paten' PxL. Orders Last, Stam | — | rt z 3 No. “| MANUFACTURERS’ FOUNDRY SUPPLIES GERMAN L AMERICAN GRAPHIT! PLUMBAG¢ J. W. ALL Rails, Bar: Rivets, eneral Office, 3 JAMES C. BO BC Analy 919 a Analyses of © A fitted with all th res, Slags, Lime Price Lists on appl January 15, 18£0. 'TTHE IRON AGE. 5 30. —a — With the use of brick arches or of corru Evo. Kron, xvON. tere See ea oe b phon Ce a. 4) =a _ ee a i : .| haunches and crown are filled with concre PHILADI UPHIA. PHILADELPHIA. Edward J. Etting, JUSTICE COX. JR. & CO leveled with the top of the beams. 7 a IRON BROKER anp COMMISSION MERCHANT, ’ . "y When floor tiles are used, they are bedded 230 S. Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. eee diac Pig, Bar and Railroad fron. |Chickies, St. Charles, Montgomery OLD RAILS, SCRAP, &c. and Keystone Agent for the "y 7 Allentown Iron Co. and the moundry & Forge Fig _— Coleraine Furnaces. Bar, Angle, Skelp and Sheet [ron. STORAGE WHARF & YARD, RAILROAD CAR AXLES. DELAWARE AVENUE ABOVE CALLOWHILL STREET, . , : connected by track withr road. NEW AND OLD RAILS. No. 333 Walnut St. 9 Philadelphia. HENRY LEVIS & CO., Manufacturers’ Agents For Iron and Steel Rails, Car Wheels, Boiler and " 4 Sheet Iron and General Railway uipments, RICHMOND & POTTS, | oia Rails, Axies, and Wheels bought and sold. i 119 8. Fourth 8St.. PHILADELPHIA, PA. "+ 234 8. 4th St., Philadelphia. eS, dias - 1 The Cambria Iron and Steel Works, Having enjoyed for over TWENTY YEARS. the reputation of producing the best quality ef Cash advances made on Iron. Chester Iron Company’s|PETER WRIGHT & SONS, 307 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, 52 Broadway, New York, in about 1 inch of cement spread over the concrete, When the floors are laid of wood, strips 2 x 2 inches are bedded in the con crete, to which the floor is nailed. These strips should be from 16 inches to 2 feet apart. Spaces between the strips should be filled with cement mixed with fragments of porous brick. Referring now to the three plans of con struction between the iron beams above enumerated, it may be remarked that prac- tically there is no difference between these methods as to strength, but there is consid- ° NEL, ANGLE AND T BARS Bankers and Railway Commission h | oo oSon SEAMS, Cree cain be suareene et Iron Vessels. de Je MOHR, ; y . on Merchants, is- mporters o T WROUGHT IRON COLUMNS, WELDLESS EYE BARS, rates For Top and Bottom Chords of Bridges. Iron Cwsiveteston Pig Iron, New and Old Rais Scrap Iron &e, es. Railroad Iron, Street Rails, Rail Joints and Wrought Iron Chairs. VE i saes J t, ’ ’ ' . REFINED BAR, SHAFTING, and every variety of SHAPE IRON made to Order. ercecnan J. O. RICHAR DSON, ARK Plans and Specifications furnished. Address, No. 430 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, DAVID REEVES, President. IRON COMMISSION MERCHANT, S, Sole Agent for the Sheridan and Leesport Furnaces. No. 232 Dock St., Philadelphia, urgh = ca aa y ai i . ALAN WOOD & CO., 5:0, BOPERaS BOO. [Pm Reteet tren on Co MANUFACTURERS OF lron Merchants & Railway Equipments. Sole Agent for the MONOCACY FURNACE CO. "? Patent Planished, Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom 208 South Fourth St., Philadelphia, DEALER IN Sole agents Glasgow Iron Co. and Pine Iron Works | MOSELEM, ROCKHILL, WARWICK 0.» PLATE €& SHB T LTECON, | mtorr of Muck Bar and all grades of Plate And other Favorite Brands. : ine, RAIIS, BESSEMER ORES. have now an annual capacity of 100,000 Tons of Iron and Steel Rails, Splice Bars, &c. ADDRESS, CAMBRIA IRON COMPANY, No, 218 South 4th Strect, Philadelphia, Ore. Prices will be given on application to 407 Walnut St. ’ Philadelphia, D. W. R. READ. D. W.R. READ & CO., General Commission Merchants, Or at the Works, JOHNSTOWN, PA. Or LENOX SMITH, New York Selling Agent, 46 Pine St., N. THE PHCENIX IRON CO., 410 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Manufacturers of CURVED, STRAIGHT AND HIPPED Wrought Iron Roof Trusses, Beams, Girders & Joists, and all kinds ef Iron Framing used 1n the construction of Lron Proof Buildings. Spanish, Algerian and Domestic Ores or Iron, Manganese, &c, Iron. Celebrated “Glasgow” and * Pine”’ brands for fire boxes and ‘aime sult Gangin Pig and Bar Iron, Rails and all shapes in Iron. Guotations given on | Bridge and Building Specifications. No. 519 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. licited especially for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, task aoieg, Ferrule, Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Iron. Kensington Iron, Steel & Nail Works, 920 North Delaware Ave., - - PHILADELPHIA, Manufacturers of the Anvil Brand Refined Merchant Bar Iron. Also, the James Rowland & Co. Kensington Nails, cut from theit Refined Anvil stock. Also, Plow and Cultivator Steel, Rounds, Squares, Flats, Bands and Hoop Iron. Correspondence with Dealers solicited. THE STANDARD STEEL WORKS. LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR WHEEL TIRES, Manufactured from the celebrated OTIS STEEL. ziLA 4 | R A TQ x 7 BRAND PENCOYD IRON WORKS. ZZ STANDARD. Quality and efficiency fully guaranteed. ces as Cran Pins, Piston Rods, Works at Lewistown, Pa, Office, 220 S. 4th St,, Philadelphia, Pa. WROUGHT IRON Boiler Tubes, Steam, Gas and Water Pipe. Oil Well Tubing, Casing and LINE PIPE. Manufacturers of Lr CAR AXLES. BAR, ANGLE, TEE AND CHANNEL IRON. Office, No, 265 S. Fourth St., Philadel “nia. Agents for the sale of Glamorgan Pig Iron. A. & P. ROBERTS & CO., , | 4, Blue Ore, Red (Foundry) Ore, and a limited amount of the celebrated Brotherton (Foundry) J. WESLEY PULLMAN, . Pig, Scrap, T. HORACE BROWN, ORES, METALS, &c, 205% Walnut alnut St., | PHILADELPHIA, low as = of the same quality. We ane acture | Heavy Light roreings, Driving and Car Axles, | f 44 Second Street, Baltimore, ¢ Importers of ree E | German and English 7 ee: SPIEGELEISEN,| And Iron Ore. > E.W.CLARK & Co. Bankers and Stock Exchange Brokers, NEW AND OLD RAILS, : Fire-Proof Construction.—Fig. 9.—Cast-tron Columns Protected by 4% Inches of Brick. Instead of Girders, Brick Arches are Sprung Between Columns, for Supporting the Floors. No, 35 South Third St,, Philadelphia. CLARK, POST & MARTIN, No. 34 Pine St., New York, erable in weight. The lightest construction is shown in Fig. 3, which represents the hollow tile. The second in point of weight is shown in Fig. 4, which represents arches of corrugated sheet iron, while the heaviest is the brick arch, represented in Figs. 1 and 2 Where plastered ceilings are employed the plaster is applied directly to the brick arches and hollow tile. When corrugated iron arches are used the under surface is simply painted. Where flat ceilings are required in connection with iron arches, iron laths are riveted to small angle or T-irons that run from and rest on the bottom of the flanges of the beams. The hollow tile con- struction (Fig. 3) is probably the best for flat ceilings. It is proper to remark in passing, cor- cerning this construction, that it is very SILVER GREY IRON A SPECIALTY. LANGHORNE WISTER. RODMAN WISTER. L. & R. WISTER, Brokers and Commission Mer- chants in Iron, Steel, &c. Office, No. 323 Walnut St., Philadelphia. ‘ae South & Peno Streets, Phila., Dealers in Scrap Iron & Metals, Machinery, Tools, Shatting & Pulleys, Steam Engines, Pumps & Bollers, Copper, Brass, Tin, Babbit Metals, oundry Faciogs. Best Quality Ingot Brass, Cash paid for all kinds of Metals ana Tools, _ The Iron-Masters’ = - = =F ee r+ + . oe i pani benel bactbes- ] | t pane a nn =e Fire-Proof Construction.—Fig. 10.—JInside View of Slated Roof, Showing Purlins Slate are Fastened to Either Angle or T Iron by Copper Wire. important that the soffits of beams and lath to iron girders receive a coat of some good fire-proof non-conducting ma terial, not less than 1 inch thick and se curely fastened on. For this purpose a mixture of asbestos and pipe-clay is very effective. The soffits of beams may also be protected by the brick skew-backs, being made in such a form as to lap the lower flanges of the beams. Construction of - kind